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Ahmadi F, Tran H, Letourneau N, Little SR, Fortin A, Moraitis AN, Shih SCC. An Automated Single-Cell Droplet-Digital Microfluidic Platform for Monoclonal Antibody Discovery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308950. [PMID: 38441226 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery plays a prominent role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Droplet microfluidics has become a standard technology for high-throughput screening of antibody-producing cells due to high droplet single-cell confinement frequency and rapid analysis and sorting of the cells of interest with their secreted mAbs. In this work, a new method is described for on-demand co-encapsulation of cells that eliminates the difficulties associated with washing in between consecutive steps inside the droplets and enables the washing and addition of fresh media. The new platform identifies hybridoma cells that are expressing antibodies of interest using antibody-characterization assays to find the best-performing or rare-cell antibody candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hao Tran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Natasha Letourneau
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samuel R Little
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Annie Fortin
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Anna N Moraitis
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Steve C C Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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2
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Lan Y, Zhou Y, Wu M, Jia C, Zhao J. Microfluidic based single cell or droplet manipulation: Methods and applications. Talanta 2023; 265:124776. [PMID: 37348357 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of single cell or droplet is first and crucial step to single-cell analysis, which is important for cancer research and diagnostic methods. This review provides an overview of technologies that are currently used or in development to realize the isolation. Microfluidic based manipulation is an emerging technology with the distinct advantages of miniaturization and low cost. Therefore, recent developments in microfluidic isolated methods have attracted extensive attention. We introduced herein five strategies based on microfluid: trap, microfluidic discrete manipulation, bioprinter, capillary and inertial force. For every technology, their basic principles and features were discussed firstly. Then some modified approaches and applications were listed as the extension. Finally, we compared the advantages and drawbacks of these methods, and analyzed the trend of the manipulation based on microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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3
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Wang C, Hu W, Guan L, Yang X, Liang Q. Single-cell metabolite analysis on a microfluidic chip. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Xie H, Ding X. The Intriguing Landscape of Single-Cell Protein Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105932. [PMID: 35199955 PMCID: PMC9036017 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Profiling protein expression at single-cell resolution is essential for fundamental biological research (such as cell differentiation and tumor microenvironmental examination) and clinical precision medicine where only a limited number of primary cells are permitted. With the recent advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology, single-cell protein analysis methods are developed rapidly, which enable high-throughput and multiplexed protein measurements in thousands of individual cells. In combination with single cell RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry, single-cell multi-omics analysis can simultaneously measure multiple modalities including mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites in single cells, and obtain a more comprehensive exploration of cellular signaling processes, such as DNA modifications, chromatin accessibility, protein abundance, and gene perturbation. Here, the recent progress and applications of single-cell protein analysis technologies in the last decade are summarized. Current limitations, challenges, and possible future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
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5
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Van Lent J, Breukers J, Ven K, Ampofo L, Horta S, Pollet F, Imbrechts M, Geukens N, Vanhoorelbeke K, Declerck P, Lammertyn J. Miniaturized single-cell technologies for monoclonal antibody discovery. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3627-3654. [PMID: 34505611 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are among the most important class of biologicals, showcasing a high therapeutic and diagnostic value. In the global therapeutic Ab market, fully-human monoclonal Abs (FH-mAbs) are flourishing thanks to their low immunogenicity and high specificity. The rapidly emerging field of single-cell technologies has paved the way to efficiently discover mAbs by facilitating a fast screening of the antigen (Ag)-specificity and functionality of Abs expressed by B cells. This review summarizes the principles and challenges of the four key concepts to discover mAbs using these technologies, being confinement of single cells using either droplet microfluidics or microstructure arrays, identification of the cells of interest, retrieval of those cells and single-cell sequence determination required for mAb production. This review reveals the enormous potential for mix-and-matching of the above-mentioned strategies, which is illustrated by the plethora of established, highly integrated devices. Lastly, an outlook is given on the many opportunities and challenges that still lie ahead to fully exploit miniaturized single-cell technologies for mAb discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Lent
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Karen Ven
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Louanne Ampofo
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sara Horta
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Francesca Pollet
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Maya Imbrechts
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
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Stucki A, Jusková P, Nuti N, Schmitt S, Dittrich PS. Synchronized Reagent Delivery in Double Emulsions for Triggering Chemical Reactions and Gene Expression. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100331. [PMID: 34927870 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic methods for the formation of single and double emulsion (DE) droplets allow for the encapsulation and isolation of reactants inside nanoliter compartments. Such methods have greatly enhanced the toolbox for high-throughput screening for cell or enzyme engineering and drug discovery. However, remaining challenges in the supply of reagents into these enclosed compartments limit the applicability of droplet microfluidics. Here, a strategy is introduced for on-demand delivery of reactants in DEs. Lipid vesicles are used as reactant carriers, which are co-encapsulated in double emulsions and release their cargo upon addition of an external trigger, here the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The reagent present inside the lipid vesicles stays isolated from the remaining content of the DE vessel until SDS enters the DE lumen and solubilizes the vesicles' lipid bilayer. The versatility of the method is demonstrated with two critical applications chosen as representative assays for high-throughput screening: the induction of gene expression in bacteria and the initiation of an enzymatic reaction. This method not only allows for the release of the lipid vesicle content inside DEs to be synchronized for all DEs but also for the release to be triggered at any desired time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Stucki
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Petra Jusková
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Nuti
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Steven Schmitt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
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7
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Cai G, Wu W, Feng S, Liu Y. Label-free E. coli detection based on enzyme assay and a microfluidic slipchip. Analyst 2021; 146:4622-4629. [PMID: 34164637 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00495f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme assay based method in a microfluidic slipchip was proposed for the rapid and label-free detection of E. coli. The specific target analyte of E. coli was β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) which could catalyze the substrate 6-chloro-4-methyl-umbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide (6-CMUG) to release the fluorescent molecule 6-chloro-4-methyl-umbelliferyl (6-CMU). E. coli culture, lysis and enzymatic reaction steps could be conducted in a microfluidic slipchip without any pumps and valves, which was tailored for fluorescence detection using a commercial plate reader, to achieve a rapid E. coli test. A mixture of the culture broth, enzyme inducer and E. coli was injected into the chambers on the top layer. A mixture of the substrate and lysis solution was injected into the chambers on the bottom layer. Then, the slipchip was slid to make each chamber independent. E. coli was cultured in the chamber in the LB broth for 2.5 h. After that, the slipchip was slid again to introduce the lysis solution into the culture solution for GUS release and enzyme reaction, and then incubated in the plate reader at 42 °C for another 2.5 h. During incubation, the fluorescence intensity of each chamber was recorded. This proposed label-free method can directly detect E. coli with a low concentration of 8 CFU per chamber within 5 h, thus showing great potential in on-site E. coli detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenshuai Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Bucheli OTM, Sigvaldadóttir I, Eyer K. Measuring single-cell protein secretion in immunology: Technologies, advances, and applications. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1334-1347. [PMID: 33734428 PMCID: PMC8252417 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics, nature, strength, and ultimately protective capabilities of an active immune response are determined by the extracellular constitution and concentration of various soluble factors. Generated effector cells secrete such mediators, including antibodies, chemo‐ and cytokines to achieve functionality. These secreted factors organize the individual immune cells into functional tissues, initiate, orchestrate, and regulate the immune response. Therefore, a single‐cell resolved analysis of protein secretion is a valuable tool for studying the heterogeneity and functionality of immune cells. This review aims to provide a comparative overview of various methods to characterize immune reactions by measuring single‐cell protein secretion. Spot‐based and cytometry‐based assays, such as ELISpot and flow cytometry, respectively, are well‐established methods applied in basic research and clinical settings. Emerging novel technologies, such as microfluidic platforms, offer new ways to measure and exploit protein secretion in immune reactions. Further technological advances will allow the deciphering of protein secretion in immunological responses with unprecedented detail, linking secretion to functionality. Here, we summarize the development and recent advances of tools that allow the analysis of protein secretion at the single‐cell level, and discuss and contrast their applications within immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T M Bucheli
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ingibjörg Sigvaldadóttir
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Recent Development of Microfluidic Technology for Cell Trapping in Single Cell Analysis: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has emerged from the MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)-technology as an important research field. During the last decade, various microfluidic technologies have been developed to open up a new era for biological studies. To understand the function of single cells, it is very important to monitor the dynamic behavior of a single cell in a living environment. Cell trapping in single cell analysis is urgently demanded There have been some review papers focusing on drug screen and cell analysis. However, cell trapping in single cell analysis has rarely been covered in the previous reviews. The present paper focuses on recent developments of cell trapping and highlights the mechanisms, governing equations and key parameters affecting the cell trapping efficiency by contact-based and contactless approach. The applications of the cell trapping method are discussed according to their basic research areas, such as biology and tissue engineering. Finally, the paper highlights the most promising cell trapping method for this research area.
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10
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Capillary-assisted microfluidic biosensing platform captures single cell secretion dynamics in nanoliter compartments. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 155:112113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Nakao T, Kazoe Y, Mori E, Morikawa K, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki A, Kitamori T. Cytokine analysis on a countable number of molecules from living single cells on nanofluidic devices. Analyst 2020; 144:7200-7208. [PMID: 31691693 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of proteins released from living single cells is strongly required in the fields of biology and medicine to elucidate the mechanism of gene expression, cell-cell communication and cytopathology. However, as living single-cell analysis involves fL sample volumes with ultra-small amounts of analyte, comprehensive integration of entire chemical processing for single cells and proteins into spaces smaller than single cells (pL) would be indispensable to prevent dispersion-associated analyte loss. In this study, we proposed and developed a living single-cell protein analysis device based on micro/nanofluidics and demonstrated analysis of cytokines released from living single B cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on our integration method and technologies including top-down nanofabrication, surface modifications and pressure-driven flow control, we designed and prepared the device where pL-microfluidic- and fL-nanofluidic channels are hierarchically allocated for cellular and molecular processing, respectively, and succeeded in micro/nanofluidic control for manipulating single cells and molecules. 13-unit operations for pL-cellular processing including single-cell trapping and stimulation and fL-molecular processing including fL-volumetry, antigen-antibody reactions and detection were entirely integrated into a microchip. The results suggest analytical performances for countable interleukin (IL)-6 molecules at the limit of detection of 5.27 molecules and that stimulated single B cells secrete 3.41 IL-6 molecules per min. The device is a novel tool for single-cell targeted proteomics, and the methodology of device integration is applicable to other single-cell analyses such as single-cell shotgun proteomics. This study thus provides a general approach and technical breakthroughs that will facilitate further advances in micro/nanofluidics, single-cell life science research, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nakao
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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12
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Haidas D, Napiorkowska M, Schmitt S, Dittrich PS. Parallel Sampling of Nanoliter Droplet Arrays for Noninvasive Protein Analysis in Discrete Yeast Cultivations by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3810-3818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Liu H, Li M, Wang Y, Piper J, Jiang L. Improving Single-Cell Encapsulation Efficiency and Reliability through Neutral Buoyancy of Suspension. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010094. [PMID: 31952228 PMCID: PMC7019761 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is of critical importance in revealing cell-to-cell heterogeneity by characterizing individual cells and identifying minority sub-populations of interest. Droplet-based microfluidics has been widely used in the past decade to achieve high-throughput single-cell analysis. However, to maximize the proportion of single-cell emulsification is challenging due to cell sedimentation and aggregation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of single-cell encapsulation and incubation through the use of neutral buoyancy. As a proof of concept, OptiPrep™ was used to create neutrally buoyant cell suspensions of THP-1, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, for single-cell encapsulation and incubation. We found that using a neutrally buoyant suspension greatly increased the efficiency of single-cell encapsulation in microdroplets and eliminated unnecessary cell loss. Moreover, the presence of OptiPrep™ was shown to not affect cellular viability. This method significantly improved the effectiveness of single-cell study in a non-toxic environment and is expected to broadly facilitate single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangrui Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2122, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.P.); (L.J.); Tel.: +61-2-9850-9532 (M.L.); +61-2-9850-6369 (J.P.); +61-2-9850-8115 (L.J.)
| | - Yan Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (H.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jim Piper
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (H.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.P.); (L.J.); Tel.: +61-2-9850-9532 (M.L.); +61-2-9850-6369 (J.P.); +61-2-9850-8115 (L.J.)
| | - Lianmei Jiang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.P.); (L.J.); Tel.: +61-2-9850-9532 (M.L.); +61-2-9850-6369 (J.P.); +61-2-9850-8115 (L.J.)
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14
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Jusková P, Schmid YRF, Stucki A, Schmitt S, Held M, Dittrich PS. "Basicles": Microbial Growth and Production Monitoring in Giant Lipid Vesicles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34698-34706. [PMID: 31454223 PMCID: PMC7462352 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an optimized protocol to encapsulate bacteria inside giant unilamellar lipid vesicles combined with a microfluidic platform for real-time monitoring of microbial growth and production. The microfluidic device allows us to immobilize the lipid vesicles and record bacterial growth and production using automated microscopy. Moreover, the lipid vesicles retain hydrophilic molecules and therefore can be used to accumulate products of microbial biosynthesis, which we demonstrate here for a riboflavin-producing bacterial strain. We show that stimulation as well as inhibition of bacterial production can be performed through the liposomal membrane simply by passive diffusion of inducing or antibiotic compounds, respectively. The possibility to introduce as well as accumulate compounds in liposomal cultivation compartments represents great advantage over the current state of the art systems, emulsion droplets, and gel beads. Additionally, the encapsulation of bacteria and monitoring of individual lipid vesicles have been accomplished on a single microfluidic device. The presented system paves the way toward highly parallel microbial cultivation and monitoring as required in biotechnology, basic research, or drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jusková
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick R. F. Schmid
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Stucki
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven Schmitt
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Held
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, and Department of
Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioprocess Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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15
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Zheng T, Zhang Z, Zhu R. Flexible Trapping and Manipulation of Single Cells on a Chip by Modulating Phases and Amplitudes of Electrical Signals Applied onto Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4479-4487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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16
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On-Chip Cell Incubator for Simultaneous Observation of Culture with and without Periodic Hydrostatic Pressure. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020133. [PMID: 30781557 PMCID: PMC6412444 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a microfluidic device which can perform simultaneous observation on cell growth with and without applying periodic hydrostatic pressure (Yokoyama et al. Sci. Rep.2017, 7, 427). The device is called on-chip cell incubator. It is known that culture with periodic hydrostatic pressure benefits the elasticity of a cultured cell sheet based on the results in previous studies, but how the cells respond to such a stimulus during the culture is not yet clear. In this work, we focused on cell behavior under periodic hydrostatic pressure from the moment of cell seeding. The key advantage of the proposed device is that we can compare the results with and without periodic hydrostatic pressure while all other conditions were kept the same. According to the results, we found that cell sizes under periodic hydrostatic pressure increase faster than those under atmospheric pressure, and furthermore, a frequency-dependent fluctuation of cell size was found using Fourier analysis.
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17
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Aksoy B, Besse N, Boom RJ, Hoogenberg BJ, Blom M, Shea H. Latchable microfluidic valve arrays based on shape memory polymer actuators. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:608-617. [PMID: 30662992 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report arrays of latching microfluidic valves based on shape memory polymers (SMPs), and show their applications as reagent mixers and as peristaltic pumps. The valve design takes advantage of the SMP's multiple stable shapes and over a hundred-fold stiffness change with temperature to enable a) permanent zero-power latching in either open or closed positions (>15 h), as well as b) extended cyclic operation (>3000 cycles). The moving element in the valves consists of a tri-layer with a 50 μm thick central SMP layer, 25 μm thick patterned carbon-silicone (CB/PDMS) heaters underneath, and a 38 μm thick styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) impermeable film on top. Each valve of the array is individually addressable by synchronizing its integrated local Joule heating with a single external pressure supply. This architecture significantly reduces the device footprint and eliminates the need for multiplexing in microfluidic large scale integration (mLSI) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Aksoy
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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18
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Wu J, Lin JM. Microfluidic Technology for Single-Cell Capture and Isolation. MICROFLUIDICS FOR SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9729-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Drücker P, Iacovache I, Bachler S, Zuber B, Babiychuk EB, Dittrich PS, Draeger A. Membrane deformation and layer-by-layer peeling of giant vesicles induced by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3693-3705. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membranes under attack by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin reveal a hitherto unknown layer-by-layer peeling mechanism and disclose the multilamellar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology
| | - Ioan Iacovache
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Eduard B. Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
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20
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Wu J, Chen Q, Lin JM. Microfluidic technologies in cell isolation and analysis for biomedical applications. Analyst 2018; 142:421-441. [PMID: 27900377 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient platforms for cell isolation and analysis play an important role in applied and fundamental biomedical studies. As cells commonly have a size of around 10 microns, conventional handling approaches at a large scale are still challenged in precise control and efficient recognition of cells for further performance of isolation and analysis. Microfluidic technologies have become more prominent in highly efficient cell isolation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, single-cell analysis and stem cell separation, since microfabricated devices allow for the spatial and temporal control of complex biochemistries and geometries by matching cell morphology and hydrodynamic traps in a fluidic network, as well as enabling specific recognition with functional biomolecules in the microchannels. In addition, the fabrication of nano-interfaces in the microchannels has been increasingly emerging as a very powerful strategy for enhancing the capability of cell capture by improving cell-interface interactions. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell isolation and analysis. We also describe the general biomedical applications of microfluidic cell isolation and analysis, and finally make a prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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21
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Li X, Fan B, Liu L, Chen D, Cao S, Men D, Wang J, Chen J. A Microfluidic Fluorescent Flow Cytometry Capable of Quantifying Cell Sizes and Numbers of Specific Cytosolic Proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14229. [PMID: 30242168 PMCID: PMC6155059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a microfluidics based cytometry capable of characterizing cell sizes and counting numbers of specific cytosolic proteins where cells were first bound by antibodies labelled with fluorescence and then aspirated into a constriction microchannel in which fluorescent levels were measured. These raw fluorescent pulses were further divided into a rising domain, a stable domain and a declining domain. In addition, antibody solutions with labelled fluorescence were aspirated through the constriction microchannel, yielding curves to translate raw fluorescent levels to protein concentrations. By using key parameters of three domains as well as the calibration curves, cell diameters and the absolute number of β-actins at the single-cell level were quantified as 14.2 ± 1.7 μm and 9.62 ± 4.29 × 105 (A549, ncell = 14 242), 13.0 ± 2.0 μm and 6.46 ± 3.34 × 105 (Hep G2, ncell = 35 932), 13.8 ± 1.9 μm and 1.58 ± 0.90 × 106 (MCF 10 A, ncell = 16 650), and 12.7 ± 1.5 μm and 1.09 ± 0.49 × 106 (HeLa, ncell = 26 246). This platform could be further adopted to measure numbers of various cytosolic proteins, providing key insights in proteomics at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Lixing Liu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.
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22
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Li Z, Cheng H, Shao S, Lu X, Mo L, Tsang J, Zeng P, Guo Z, Wang S, Nathanson DA, Heath JR, Wei W, Xue M. Surface Immobilization of Redox-Labile Fluorescent Probes: Enabling Single-Cell Co-Profiling of Aerobic Glycolysis and Oncogenic Protein Signaling Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Hanjun Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Li Mo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics; Institute of Biophysics; School of Sciences; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Jonathan Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Pu Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
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23
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Li Z, Cheng H, Shao S, Lu X, Mo L, Tsang J, Zeng P, Guo Z, Wang S, Nathanson DA, Heath JR, Wei W, Xue M. Surface Immobilization of Redox-Labile Fluorescent Probes: Enabling Single-Cell Co-Profiling of Aerobic Glycolysis and Oncogenic Protein Signaling Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11554-11558. [PMID: 29992724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method is described for profiling lactate production in single cells via the use of coupled enzyme reactions on surface-grafted resazurin molecules. The immobilization of the redox-labile probes was achieved through chemical modifications on resazurin, followed by bio-orthogonal click reactions. The lactate detection was demonstrated to be sensitive and specific. The method was incorporated into a single-cell barcode chip for simultaneous quantification of aerobic glycolysis activities and oncogenic signaling phosphoproteins in cancer. The interplay between glycolysis and oncogenic signaling activities was interrogated on a glioblastoma cell line. Results revealed a drug-induced oncogenic signaling reliance accompanying shifted metabolic paradigms. A drug combination that exploits this induced reliance exhibited synergistic effects in growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Hanjun Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Li Mo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Jonathan Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pu Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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24
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Pipette Petri Dish Single-Cell Trapping (PP-SCT) in Microfluidic Platforms: A Passive Hydrodynamic Technique. FLUIDS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids3030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics-based biochips play a vital role in single-cell research applications. Handling and positioning of single cells at the microscale level are an essential need for various applications, including genomics, proteomics, secretomics, and lysis-analysis. In this article, the pipette Petri dish single-cell trapping (PP-SCT) technique is demonstrated. PP-SCT is a simple and cost-effective technique with ease of implementation for single cell analysis applications. In this paper a wide operation at different fluid flow rates of the novel PP-SCT technique is demonstrated. The effects of the microfluidic channel shape (straight, branched, and serpent) on the efficiency of single-cell trapping are studied. This article exhibited passive microfluidic-based biochips capable of vertical cell trapping with the hexagonally-positioned array of microwells. Microwells were 35 μm in diameter, a size sufficient to allow the attachment of captured cells for short-term study. Single-cell capture (SCC) capabilities of the microfluidic-biochips were found to be improving from the straight channel, branched channel, and serpent channel, accordingly. Multiple cell capture (MCC) was on the order of decreasing from the straight channel, branch channel, and serpent channel. Among the three designs investigated, the serpent channel biochip offers high SCC percentage with reduced MCC and NC (no capture) percentage. SCC was around 52%, 42%, and 35% for the serpent, branched, and straight channel biochips, respectively, for the tilt angle, θ values were between 10–15°. Human lung cancer cells (A549) were used for characterization. Using the PP-SCT technique, flow rate variations can be precisely achieved with a flow velocity range of 0.25–4 m/s (fluid channel of 2 mm width and 100 µm height). The upper dish (UD) can be used for low flow rate applications and the lower dish (LD) for high flow rate applications. Passive single-cell analysis applications will be facilitated using this method.
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25
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Xia J, Zhou J, Zhang R, Jiang D, Jiang D. Gold-coated polydimethylsiloxane microwells for high-throughput electrochemiluminescence analysis of intracellular glucose at single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4787-4792. [PMID: 29862432 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, a gold-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip with cell-sized microwells was prepared through a stamping and spraying process that was applied directly for high-throughput electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis of intracellular glucose at single cells. As compared with the previous multiple-step fabrication of photoresist-based microwells on the electrode, the preparation process is simple and offers fresh electrode surface for higher luminescence intensity. More luminescence intensity was recorded from cell-retained microwells than that at the planar region among the microwells that was correlated with the content of intracellular glucose. The successful monitoring of intracellular glucose at single cells using this PDMS chip will provide an alternative strategy for high-throughput single-cell analysis. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronggui Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, Jiangsu, China
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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26
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Drücker P, Bachler S, Wolfmeier H, Schoenauer R, Köffel R, Babiychuk VS, Dittrich PS, Draeger A, Babiychuk EB. Pneumolysin-damaged cells benefit from non-homogeneous toxin binding to cholesterol-rich membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:795-805. [PMID: 29679741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleated cells eliminate lesions induced by bacterial pore-forming toxins, such as pneumolysin via shedding patches of damaged plasmalemma into the extracellular milieu. Recently, we have shown that the majority of shed pneumolysin is present in the form of inactive pre-pores. This finding is surprising considering that shedding is triggered by Ca2+-influx following membrane perforation and therefore is expected to positively discriminate for active pores versus inactive pre-pores. Here we provide evidence for the existence of plasmalemmal domains that are able to attract pneumolysin at high local concentrations. Within such a domain an immediate plasmalemmal perforation induced by a small number of pneumolysin pores would be capable of triggering the elimination of a large number of not yet active pre-pores/monomers and thus pre-empt more frequent and perilous perforation events. Our findings provide further insights into the functioning of the cellular repair machinery which benefits from an inhomogeneous plasmalemmal distribution of pneumolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH, Zurich 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Wolfmeier
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schoenauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - René Köffel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria S Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH, Zurich 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Eduard B Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
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27
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Cellular dielectrophoresis coupled with single-cell analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2499-2515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Zhu Z, Frey O, Hierlemann A. Wide-band Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Measures S. pombe Cell Growth in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1721:135-153. [PMID: 29423854 PMCID: PMC7612359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7546-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes a microfluidic device that enables immobilization and culturing of single rod-shaped S. pombe cells in a stand-up mode. The wide-band electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been integrated in the microfluidic device to continuously measure cell growth of single S. pombe cells. Cell growth curves showing cellular and intracellular features at high spatiotemporal resolution can be obtained from EIS signals. The features include longitudinal cell elongation in the G2 phase, mitosis, and cell division during an entire cell cycle of S. pombe cells. Microfluidics-based EIS systems provide, hence, a tool for dynamic single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Southeast University, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Olivier Frey
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Stratz S, Verboket PE, Hasler K, Dittrich PS. Cultivation and quantitative single-cell analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a multifunctional microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:540-547. [PMID: 28880404 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a multifunctional microfluidic device whose integrative design enables to combine cell culture studies and quantitative single cell biomolecule analysis. The platform consists of 32 analysis units providing two key features; first, a micrometer-sized trap for hydrodynamic capture of a single Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) yeast cell; second, a convenient double-valve configuration surrounding the trap. Actuating of the outer valve with integrated opening results in a partial isolation in a volume of 11.8 nL, i.e. the cell surrounding fluid can be exchanged diffusion-based without causing shear stress or cell loss. Actuation of the inner ring-shaped valve isolates the trapped cell completely in a small analysis volume of 230 pL. The device was used to determine the growth rate of yeast cells (S. cerevisiae) under under optimum and oxidative stress conditions. In addition, we successfully quantified the cofactor beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) in single and few cells exposed to the different microenvironments. In conclusion, the microdevice enables to analyze the influence of an external stress factor on the cellular fitness in a fast and more comprehensive way as cell growth and intracellular biomolecule levels can be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stratz
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Emilio Verboket
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karina Hasler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Pillong M, Hiss JA, Schneider P, Lin YC, Posselt G, Pfeiffer B, Blatter M, Müller AT, Bachler S, Neuhaus CS, Dittrich PS, Altmann KH, Wessler S, Schneider G. Rational Design of Membrane-Pore-Forming Peptides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701316. [PMID: 28799716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific interactions of peptides with lipid membranes are essential for cellular communication and constitute a central aspect of the innate host defense against pathogens. A computational method for generating innovative membrane-pore-forming peptides inspired by natural templates is presented. Peptide representation in terms of sequence- and topology-dependent hydrophobic moments is introduced. This design concept proves to be appropriate for the de novo generation of first-in-class membrane-active peptides with the anticipated mode of action. The designed peptides outperform the natural template in terms of their antibacterial activity. They form a kinked helical structure and self-assemble in the membrane by an entropy-driven mechanism to form dynamically growing pores that are dependent on the lipid composition. The results of this study demonstrate the unique potential of natural template-based peptide design for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Pillong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A Hiss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pfeiffer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Li X, Fan B, Cao S, Chen D, Zhao X, Men D, Yue W, Wang J, Chen J. A microfluidic flow cytometer enabling absolute quantification of single-cell intracellular proteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3129-3137. [PMID: 28805868 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00546f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of single-cell proteomics provides key insights into cellular heterogeneity while conventional flow cytometry cannot provide absolute quantification of intracellular proteins of single cells due to the lack of calibration approaches. This paper presents a constriction channel (with a cross sectional area smaller than cells) based microfluidic flow cytometer, capable of collecting copy numbers of specific intracellular proteins. In this platform, single cells stained with fluorescence labelled antibodies were forced to squeeze through the constriction channel with the fluorescence intensities quantified and since cells fully filled the constriction channel during the squeezing process, solutions with fluorescence labelled antibodies were flushed into the constriction channel to obtain calibration curves. By combining raw fluorescence data and calibration curves, absolute quantification of intracellular proteins was realized. As a demonstration, copy numbers of beta-actin of single tumour cells were quantified to be 0.90 ± 0.30 μM (A549, ncell = 14 228), 2.34 ± 0.70 μM (MCF 10A, ncell = 2455), and 0.98 ± 0.65 μM (Hep G2, ncell = 6945). The travelling time for individual cells was quantified to be roughly 10 ms and thus a throughput of 100 cells per s can be achieved. This microfluidic system can be used to quantify the copy numbers of intracellular proteins in a high-throughput manner, which may function as an enabling technique in the field of single-cell proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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32
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Armbrecht L, Gabernet G, Kurth F, Hiss JA, Schneider G, Dittrich PS. Characterisation of anticancer peptides at the single-cell level. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2933-2940. [PMID: 28736788 PMCID: PMC6440648 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficacious anticancer therapeutics is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the cellular response to chemotherapy. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are promising drug candidates that have been shown to be active against a range of cancer cells. However, few ACP studies focus on tumour single-cell heterogeneities. In order to address this need, we developed a microfluidic device and an imaging procedure that enable the capture, monitoring, and analysis of several hundred single cells for the study of drug response. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells were captured in hydrodynamic traps and isolated in individual microchambers of less than 100 pL volume. With pneumatic valves, different sets of microchambers were actuated to expose the cells to various drugs. Here, the effect of three membranolytic ACPs - melittin, aurein 1.2 and aurein 2.2 - was investigated by monitoring the efflux of calcein from single MCF-7 cells. The loss of membrane integrity was observed with two different strategies that allow either focusing on one cell for mechanistic studies or parallel analysis of hundreds of individual cells. In general, the device is applicable to the analysis of the effect of various drugs on a large number of different cell types. The platform will enable us in the future to determine the origin of heterogeneous responses on pharmacological substances like ACPs within cell populations by combining it with other on-chip analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Armbrecht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Kim M, Lim JW, Lee SK, Kim T. Nanoscale Hydrodynamic Film for Diffusive Mass Transport Control in Compartmentalized Microfluidic Chambers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10286-10295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lim
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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34
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Kim S, Geryak RD, Zhang S, Ma R, Calabrese R, Kaplan DL, Tsukruk VV. Interfacial Shear Strength and Adhesive Behavior of Silk Ionomer Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2876-2886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren D. Geryak
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Shuaidi Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ruilong Ma
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Rossella Calabrese
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Vladimir. V. Tsukruk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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35
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Kim JJ, Sinkala E, Herr AE. High-selectivity cytology via lab-on-a-disc western blotting of individual cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:855-863. [PMID: 28165521 PMCID: PMC5435485 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytology of sparingly available cell samples from both clinical and experimental settings would benefit from high-selectivity protein tools. To minimize cell handling losses in sparse samples, we design a multi-stage assay using a lab-on-a-disc that integrates cell handling and subsequent single-cell western blotting (scWestern). As the two-layer microfluidic device rotates, the induced centrifugal force directs dissociated cells to dams, which in turn localize the cells over microwells. Cells then sediment into the microwells, where the cells are lysed and subjected to scWestern. Taking into account cell losses from loading, centrifugation, and lysis-buffer exchange, our lab-on-a-disc device handles cell samples with as few as 200 cells with 75% cell settling efficiencies. Over 70% of microwells contain single cells after the centrifugation. In addition to cell settling efficiency, cell-size filtration from a mixed population of two cell lines is also realized by tuning the cell time-of-flight during centrifugation (58.4% settling efficiency with 6.4% impurity). Following the upstream cell handling, scWestern analysis detects four proteins (GFP, β-TUB, GAPDH, and STAT3) in a glioblastoma cell line. By integrating the lab-on-a-disc cell preparation and scWestern analysis, our platform measures proteins from sparse cell samples at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and University of California, Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elly Sinkala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. and University of California, Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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36
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Yamada M, Seko W, Yanai T, Ninomiya K, Seki M. Slanted, asymmetric microfluidic lattices as size-selective sieves for continuous particle/cell sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:304-314. [PMID: 27975084 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic microfluidic platforms have been proven to be useful and versatile for precisely sorting particles/cells based on their physicochemical properties. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple lattice-shaped microfluidic pattern can work as a virtual sieve for size-dependent continuous particle sorting. The lattice is composed of two types of microchannels ("main channels" and "separation channels"). These channels cross each other in a perpendicular fashion, and are slanted against the macroscopic flow direction. The difference in the densities of these channels generates an asymmetric flow distribution at each intersection. Smaller particles flow along the streamline, whereas larger particles are filtered and gradually separated from the stream, resulting in continuous particle sorting. We successfully sorted microparticles based on size with high accuracy, and clearly showed that geometric parameters, including the channel density and the slant angle, critically affect the sorting behaviors of particles. Leukocyte sorting and monocyte purification directly from diluted blood samples have been demonstrated as biomedical applications. The presented system for particle/cell sorting would become a simple but versatile unit operation in microfluidic apparatus for chemical/biological experiments and manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Wataru Seko
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Takuma Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Ninomiya
- Asahi Kasei Corp, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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37
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Kuhn P, Eyer K, Dittrich PS. A microfluidic device for the delivery of enzymes into cells by liposome fusion. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:149-156. [PMID: 29416447 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile carriers of drugs or biomolecules and are ideally suited to transport molecules into cells. However, mechanistic studies to understand and improve the fusion of liposomes with cell membranes and endosomes are difficult. Here, we report a method that allows for stable coimmobilization of liposomes and living cells, thereby bringing the membranes into close contact, which is essential for membrane fusion. The small unilamellar liposomes are tethered to the surface by a linker so that no modification of the liposome membrane for cell binding is required. The cells are positioned above the liposomes by posts that are integrated into the microfluidic device, and a pH drop induces the fusion of the cell-liposome membranes. Both membrane fusion and release of molecules into the cytosol are visualized by fluorescence dequenching assays. Furthermore, we proved the efficient delivery of the enzyme β-galactosidase into the cells when a fusogenic liposome composition was used. The device could be used for fusion studies but is also a versatile means for cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Microfluidic Platform for Parallel Single Cell Analysis for Diagnostic Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28044297 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6734-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cell populations are heterogeneous: they can comprise different cell types or even cells at different stages of the cell cycle and/or of biological processes. Furthermore, molecular processes taking place in cells are stochastic in nature. Therefore, cellular analysis must be brought down to the single cell level to get useful insight into biological processes, and to access essential molecular information that would be lost when using a cell population analysis approach. Furthermore, to fully characterize a cell population, ideally, information both at the single cell level and on the whole cell population is required, which calls for analyzing each individual cell in a population in a parallel manner. This single cell level analysis approach is particularly important for diagnostic applications to unravel molecular perturbations at the onset of a disease, to identify biomarkers, and for personalized medicine, not only because of the heterogeneity of the cell sample, but also due to the availability of a reduced amount of cells, or even unique cells. This chapter presents a versatile platform meant for the parallel analysis of individual cells, with a particular focus on diagnostic applications and the analysis of cancer cells. We first describe one essential step of this parallel single cell analysis protocol, which is the trapping of individual cells in dedicated structures. Following this, we report different steps of a whole analytical process, including on-chip cell staining and imaging, cell membrane permeabilization and/or lysis using either chemical or physical means, and retrieval of the cell molecular content in dedicated channels for further analysis. This series of experiments illustrates the versatility of the herein-presented platform and its suitability for various analysis schemes and different analytical purposes.
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39
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Huang L, Chen Y, Weng LT, Leung M, Xing X, Fan Z, Wu H. Fast Single-Cell Patterning for Study of Drug-Induced Phenotypic Alterations of HeLa Cells Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12196-12203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark Leung
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xing
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, §Materials Characterization and Preparation
Facility, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Department of
Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Stratz S, Dittrich PS. A Microfluidic Device for Immunoassay-Based Protein Analysis of Single E. coli Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1346:11-25. [PMID: 26542712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method suitable for quantitative analysis of intracellular proteins, metabolites and secondary messengers of single bacterial cells. The method integrates the concept of immunoassays on a microfluidic device that facilitates single cell trapping and isolating in a small volume of a few tens of picoliters. Combination of the benefits of microfluidic systems for single cell analysis with the high analytical selectivity and sensitivity of immunoassays enables the detection of even low abundant intracellular analytes which occur only at a few hundred copies per bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stratz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
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41
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Kim SH, Fujii T. Efficient analysis of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level using an electroactive double-well array. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2440-9. [PMID: 27189335 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the intracellular materials of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level is important to improve our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in rare cells. To analyze an extremely small number of cancer cells (less than hundreds of cells), an efficient system is required in order to analyze target cells with minimal sample loss. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing an advanced electroactive double-well array (EdWA) for on-chip analysis of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level with minimal loss of target cells. The EdWA consisted of cell-sized trap-wells for deterministic single-cell trapping using dielectrophoresis and high aspect ratio reaction-wells for confining the cell lysates extracted by lysing trapped single cells via electroporation. We demonstrated a highly efficient single-cell arraying (a cell capture efficiency of 96 ± 3%) by trapping diluted human prostate cancer cells (PC3 cells). On-chip single-cell analysis was performed by measuring the intracellular β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity after lysing the trapped single cells inside a tightly enclosed EdWA in the presence of a fluorogenic enzyme substrate. The PC3 cells showed large cell-to-cell variations in β-gal activity although they were cultured under the same conditions in a culture dish. This simple and effective system has great potential for high throughput single-cell analysis of rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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42
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Vajrala VS, Suraniti E, Rigoulet M, Devin A, Sojic N, Arbault S. PDMS microwells for multi-parametric monitoring of single mitochondria on a large scale: a study of their individual membrane potential and endogenous NADH. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:836-43. [PMID: 27384613 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microwell arrays have been developed to monitor simultaneously, and on a large scale, multiple metabolic responses of single mitochondria. Wells of 50 to 1000 μm-diameter were prepared based on easy structuration of thin polydimethylsiloxane layers (PDMS; 100 μm thickness). Their surface treatment with oxygen plasma allowed the immobilization in situ and observation with time of populations of single isolated mitochondria. Their metabolic activities could be monitored individually by fluorescence microscopy under several activation/inhibition conditions. We measured the concomitant variations of two main metabolic parameters - the endogenous NADH level and the internal membrane potential difference Δψ owing to a cationic fluorescent probe (TMRM) - at energized, uncoupled and inhibited stages of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Microwell arrays allowed analyses on large populations, and consequently statistical studies with a single organelle resolution. Thus, we observed rapid individual polarizations and depolarizations of mitochondria following their supply with the energetic substrate, while an averaged global polarization (increase of TMRM fluorescence within mitochondria) and NADH increase were detected for the whole population. In addition, statistical correlation studies show that the NADH content of all mitochondria tends toward a metabolic limit and that their polarization-depolarization ability is ubiquitous. These results demonstrate that PDMS microwell platforms provide an innovative approach to better characterize the individual metabolic status of isolated mitochondria, possibly as a function of their cell or organ origin or in different physio-pathological situations.
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43
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Yang M, Nelson R, Ros A. Toward Analysis of Proteins in Single Cells: A Quantitative Approach Employing Isobaric Tags with MALDI Mass Spectrometry Realized with a Microfluidic Platform. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6672-9. [PMID: 27257853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein identification and quantification in individual cells is essential to understand biological processes such as those involved in cell apoptosis, cancer, biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, pathology, or therapy. Compared with present single cell genome analysis, probing the protein content of single cells has been hampered by the lack of a protein amplification technique. Here, we report the development of a quantitative mass spectrometric approach combined with microfluidic technology reaching the detection sensitivity of high abundant proteins in single cells. A microfluidic platform with a series of chambers and valves, ensuring a set of defined wells for absolute quantification of targeted proteins, was developed and combined with isotopic labeling strategies employing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-labels. To this aim, we adapted iTRAQ labeling to an on-chip protocol. Simultaneous protein digestion and labeling performed on the microfluidic platform rendered the labeling strategy compatible with all necessary manipulation steps on-chip, including the matrix delivery for MALDI-TOF analysis. We demonstrate this approach with the apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 and quantitatively assess the number of Bcl-2 molecules detected. We anticipate that this approach will eventually allow quantification of protein expression on the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Randall Nelson
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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44
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Kolesinska B, Eyer K, Robinson T, Dittrich PS, Beck AK, Seebach D, Walde P. Interaction of β(3) /β(2) -peptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu segments, with POPC giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and white blood cancer cells (U937)--a new type of cell-penetrating peptides, and a surprising chain-length dependence of their vesicle- and cell-lysing activity. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:697-732. [PMID: 26010661 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many years ago, β(2) /β(3) -peptides, consisting of alternatively arranged β(2) - and β(3) h-amino-acid residues, have been found to undergo folding to a unique type of helix, the 10/12-helix, and to exhibit non-polar, lipophilic properties (Helv. Chim. Acta 1997, 80, 2033). We have now synthesized such 'mixed' hexa-, nona-, dodeca-, and octadecapeptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu triads, with N-terminal fluorescein (FAM) labels, i.e., 1-4, and studied their interactions with POPC (=1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and with human white blood cancer cells U937. The methods used were microfluidic technology, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a flow-cytometry assay, a membrane-toxicity assay with the dehydrogenase G6PDH as enzymatic reporter, and visual microscopy observations. All β(3) /β(2) -peptide derivatives penetrate the GUVs and/or the cells. As shown with the isomeric β(3) /β(2) -, β(3) -, and β(2) -nonamers, 2, 5, and 6, respectively, the derivatives 5 and 6 consisting exclusively of β(3) - or β(2) -amino-acid residues, respectively, interact neither with the vesicles nor with the cells. Depending on the method of investigation and on the pretreatment of the cells, the β(3) /β(2) -nonamer and/or the β(3) /β(2) -dodecamer derivative, 2 and/or 3, respectively, cause a surprising disintegration or lysis of the GUVs and cells, comparable with the action of tensides, viral fusion peptides, and host-defense antimicrobial peptides. Possible sources of the chain-length-dependent destructive potential of the β(3) /β(2) -nona- and β(3) /β(2) -dodecapeptide derivatives, and a possible relationship with the phosphate-to-phosphate and hydrocarbon thicknesses of GUVs, and eukaryotic cells are discussed. Further investigations with other types of GUVs and of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism(s) of interaction of 'mixed' β(3) /β(2) -peptides with membranes and to evaluate possible biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Łodz, Zeromskiego 116, PL-90-924 Łodz (phone: +48-42-631-3149).
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).,École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de la Ville de Paris, 10 Rue de Vauquelin, FR-75005 Paris
| | - Tom Robinson
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).
| | - Albert K Beck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114)
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-2990; fax: +41-44-632-114).
| | - Peter Walde
- Institut für Polymere, Departement Materialwissenschaft, ETH-Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, (phone: +41-44-632-0473; fax: +41-44-632-126).
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45
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Krone KM, Warias R, Ritter C, Li A, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Reetz MT, Belder D. Analysis of Enantioselective Biotransformations Using a Few Hundred Cells on an Integrated Microfluidic Chip. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2102-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M. Krone
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Ritter
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aitao Li
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Carlos G. Acevedo-Rocha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Hümmer D, Kurth F, Naredi-Rainer N, Dittrich PS. Single cells in confined volumes: microchambers and microdroplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:447-58. [PMID: 26758781 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices capable of manipulating and guiding small fluid volumes open new methodical approaches in the fields of biology, pharmacy, and medicine. They have already proven their extraordinary value for cell analysis. The emergence of microfluidic platforms has paved the way to novel analytical strategies for the positioning, treatment and observation of living cells, for the creation of chemically defined liquid environments, and for tailoring biomechanical or physical conditions in small volumes. In this article, we particularly focus on two complementary approaches: (i) the isolation of cells in small chambers defined by microchannels and integrated valves and (ii) the encapsulation of cells in microdroplets. We review the advantages and limitations of both approaches and discuss their potential for single-cell analysis and related fields. Our intention is also to give a recommendation on which platform is most appropriate for a new question, i.e., a guideline to choose the most suitable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hümmer
- ETH Zurich - Department of Biosystems Science Engineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - F Kurth
- ETH Zurich - Department of Biosystems Science Engineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - N Naredi-Rainer
- ETH Zurich - Department of Biosystems Science Engineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - P S Dittrich
- ETH Zurich - Department of Biosystems Science Engineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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47
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Abstract
Advancements in ion concentration polarization made over the past three years are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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48
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Huang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wu H. Centrifugation-Assisted Single-Cell Trapping in a Truncated Cone-Shaped Microwell Array Chip for the Real-Time Observation of Cellular Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Zhu Z, Frey O, Haandbaek N, Franke F, Rudolf F, Hierlemann A. Time-lapse electrical impedance spectroscopy for monitoring the cell cycle of single immobilized S. pombe cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17180. [PMID: 26608589 PMCID: PMC4660434 DOI: 10.1038/srep17180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complement and alternative to optical methods, wide-band electrical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS) enables multi-parameter, label-free and real-time detection of
cellular and subcellular features. We report on a microfluidics-based system
designed to reliably capture single rod-shaped Schizosaccharomyces pombe
cells by applying suction through orifices in a channel wall. The system enables
subsequent culturing of immobilized cells in an upright position, while dynamic
changes in cell-cycle state and morphology were continuously monitored through EIS
over a broad frequency range. Besides measuring cell growth, clear impedance signals
for nuclear division have been obtained. The EIS system has been characterized with
respect to sensitivity and detection limits. The spatial resolution in measuring
cell length was 0.25 μm, which corresponds to approximately
a 5-min interval of cell growth under standard conditions. The comprehensive
impedance data sets were also used to determine the occurrence of nuclear division
and cytokinesis. The obtained results have been validated through concurrent
confocal imaging and plausibilized through comparison with finite-element modeling
data. The possibility to monitor cellular and intracellular features of single S.
pombe cells during the cell cycle at high spatiotemporal resolution renders
the presented microfluidics-based EIS system a suitable tool for dynamic single-cell
investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Frey
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niels Haandbaek
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Franke
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Rudolf
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Computational Systems Biology Group, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bio Engineering Laboratory, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Poehler E, Pfeiffer SA, Herm M, Gaebler M, Busse B, Nagl S. Microchamber arrays with an integrated long luminescence lifetime pH sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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