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Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of selenium species in Se-enriched leeks (Allium Porrum) cultivated by hydroponically. Food Chem 2022; 372:131314. [PMID: 34818737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Allium genus vegetables are of special interest since being potentially sources for selenium. In this study, the metabolization of selenite and selenate fortification at low and high levels in hydroponically cultivated Allium porrum (Leek) was investigated. The total Se analysis of nutritional solutions which was used in cultivation medium revealed that leeks had potential to accumulate Se above over 1000 mg/kg without any growth disturbance which was proved by comparing dry masses of control group with the ones fortified by Se species. Speciation analyses performed in edible parts which are leaves and stems showed that approximately 90% of total selenium was biotransformed into organo-selenium species in which MeSeCys and SeMet were found to be the most dominant in Se(IV) fortified leeks. However, selenate was found to be the most abundant species in edible parts of selenate fortified leeks especially at high levels. Although bioavailability rate of total selenium in selenate fortified leeks was found to be higher, lower amount of inorganic selenium and higher amount of MeSeCys were found to be bioavailable in Se(IV) fortified.
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Jiang H, Lin W, Jiao H, Liu J, Chan L, Liu X, Wang R, Chen T. Uptake, transport, and metabolism of selenium and its protective effects against toxic metals in plants: a review. Metallomics 2021; 13:6310585. [PMID: 34180517 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of fundamental importance to humans, animals, and plants. However, the uptake, transport, and metabolic processes of Se and its underlying mechanisms in plants have not been well characterized. Here, we review our current understanding of the adsorption and assimilation of Se in plants. First, we discussed the conversion of Se from inorganic Se into organic forms, the mechanisms underlying the formation of seleno-amino acids, and the detoxification of Se. We then discussed the ways in which Se protects plants against toxic metal ions in the environment, such as by alleviating oxidative stress, regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, sequestering metal ions, and preventing metal ion uptake and accumulation. Generally, this review will aid future research examining the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic relationships between Se and toxic metals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiang
- Guangdong Province Research Center for Geoanalysis, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongpeng Jiao
- Guangdong Province Research Center for Geoanalysis, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Rd, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Leung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Shenzhen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supervision and Administration of Edible Agricultural Products, Market Supervision Administration), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supervision and Administration of Edible Agricultural Products, Market Supervision Administration), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Takahashi K, Suzuki N, Ogra Y. Effect of gut microflora on nutritional availability of selenium. Food Chem 2020; 319:126537. [PMID: 32193059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since selenium (Se) is an essential mineral, animals must be able to metabolize the various selenocompounds in meat, fish and vegetables. It is unclear how animals, including humans, utilize selenocompound efficiently, but we hypothesized that gut microflora might contribute to these processes. In this study, we revealed that Se-methylselenocysteine and selenocyanate were metabolized to selenomethionine (SeMet) by intestinal microflora, suggesting selenocompounds might be metabolized to SeMet, which can be used by the host organism. The major urinary selenosugar, 1β-methylseleno-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, was utilized less in microflora-suppressed than healthy rats, suggesting that this sugar can be transformed to a nutritionally available form by gut microflora in animals with a healthy microbiota. We concluded that, in rats at least, gut microflora has a role in the metabolism of Se in the host animal, and this finding might be worth investigating in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Ogra Y, Shimizu M, Takahashi K, Anan Y. Biotransformation of organic selenium compounds in budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metallomics 2018; 10:1257-1263. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic selenium metabolites of plants and animals such as selenoamino acids and selenosugars are metabolized to selenomethionine in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba 260-8675
- Japan
| | - Maya Shimizu
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 194-8543
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba 260-8675
- Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 194-8543
- Japan
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5
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Duncan EG, Maher WA, Jagtap R, Krikowa F, Roper MM, O'Sullivan CA. Selenium speciation in wheat grain varies in the presence of nitrogen and sulphur fertilisers. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:955-966. [PMID: 27443882 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether selenium species in wheat grains could be altered by exposure to different combinations of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers in an agronomic biofortification experiment. Four Australian wheat cultivars (Mace, Janz, Emu Rock and Magenta) were grown in a glasshouse experiment and exposed to 3 mg Se kg-1 soil as selenate (SeVI). Plants were also exposed to 60 mg N kg-1 soil as urea and 20 mg S kg-1 soil as gypsum in a factorial design (N + S + Se; N + Se; S + Se; Se only). Plants were grown to maturity with grain analysed for total Se concentrations via ICP-MS and Se species determined via HPLC-ICP-MS. Grain Se concentrations ranged from 22 to 70 µg Se g-1 grain (dry mass). Selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocystine (MeSeCys), selenohomolanthionine (SeHLan), plus a large concentration of uncharacterised Se species were found in the extracts from grains. SeMet was the major Se species identified accounting for between 9 and 24 µg Se g-1 grain. Exposure to different N and S fertiliser combinations altered the SeMet content of Mace, Janz and Emu Rock grain, but not that of Magenta. MeSeCys and SeHLan were found in far lower concentrations (<4 µg Se g-1 grain). A large component of the total grain Se was uncharacterisable (>30 % of total grain Se) in all samples. When N fertiliser was applied (with or without S), the proportion of uncharacterisable Se increased between 60 and 70 % of the total grain Se. The data presented here indicate that it is possible to alter the content of individual Se species in wheat grains via biofortification combined with manipulation of N and S fertiliser regimes. This has potential significance in alleviating or combating both Se deficiency and Se toxicity effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott G Duncan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia.
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - William A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rajani Jagtap
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Frank Krikowa
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Margaret M Roper
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Cathryn A O'Sullivan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
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Ogra Y, Ogihara Y, Anan Y. Comparison of the metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium species between two selenium accumulator plants, garlic and Indian mustard. Metallomics 2017; 9:61-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) can be metabolized into other selenoamino acids such as Se-methylselenocysteine and selenohomolanthionine in selenium-accumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chuo, Japan
| | - Yurie Ogihara
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Machida, Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health
- Showa Pharmaceutical University
- Machida, Japan
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8
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Stable isotope tracing: a powerful tool for selenium speciation and metabolic studies in non-hyperaccumulator plants (ryegrass Lolium perenne L.). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:9029-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anan Y, Kimura M, Hayashi M, Koike R, Ogra Y. Detoxification of selenite to form selenocyanate in mammalian cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1803-14. [PMID: 26243445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to sodium selenite, an unknown selenium metabolite was detected in the cytosolic fraction by HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The unknown selenium metabolite was also detected in the mixture of HepG2 homogenate and sodium selenite in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). The unknown selenium metabolite was identified as selenocyanate by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ESI quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Because exogenous cyanide increased the amount of selenocyanate in the mixture, selenocyanate seemed to be formed by the reaction between selenide or its equivalent, the product of the reduction of selenite, and endogenous cyanide. Rhodanase, an enzyme involved in thiocyanate synthesis, was not required for the formation of selenocyanate. Selenocyanate was less toxic to HepG2 cells than selenite or cyanide, suggesting that it was formed to reduce the toxicity of selenite. However, selenocyanate could be assimilated into selenoproteins and selenometabolites in rats in the same manner as selenite. Consequently, selenite was metabolized to selenocyanate to temporarily ameliorate its toxicity, and selenocyanate acted as an intrinsic selenium pool in cultured cells exposed to surplus selenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Momoko Kimura
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Marina Hayashi
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ren Koike
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Metallomics is newly coined terms and defined as a comprehensive analysis of the entirety of metal and metalloid species within a cell or tissue type. Then, metallome is defined as the entire category of metalloproteins and any other metal-containing biomolecules. Metallomics and research on metallome require analytical techniques that can provide information on the identification and quantification of metal/metalloid-containing biomolecules. This concept has been called speciation, and the acquisition of data according to the concept is performed using hyphenated techniques involving both separation and detection methods. In this review, the author intends to present several applications of complementary use of HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for identification of unknown selenium-containing metabolites, and also to present a newly developed technique, capillary LC-ICP-MS to be used for the analysis of metal-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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11
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Jackson MI, Lunøe K, Gabel-Jensen C, Gammelgaard B, Combs GF. Metabolism of selenite to selenosugar and trimethylselenonium in vivo: tissue dependency and requirement for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2023-30. [PMID: 24139672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent transmethylation and methylation capacity feature in diseases related to obesity or aging, and selenium (Se) metabolism is altered in these states. We tested the hypothesis that SAM metabolism is required for methylation and excretion of Se in a rat model. Four hours after selenite and periodate-oxidized adenosine (POA; an inhibitor of SAM metabolism) were administered, circulating markers of single-carbon status were unchanged, except for decreased circulating phosphatidylcholine (P<.05). In contrast, liver and kidney SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine were elevated (P<.05 for all). Concentrations of total Se were significantly elevated in both liver (P<.001) and kidney (P<.01), however the degree of accumulation in liver was significantly greater than that of kidney (P<.05). Red blood cell Se levels were decreased (P=.01). Trimethylselenonium levels were decreased in liver and kidney (P=.001 for both tissues) and Se-methyl-N-acetylselenohexosamine selenosugar was decreased in liver (P=.001). Urinary output of both trimethylselenonium (P=.001) and selenosugar (P=.01) was decreased as well. Trimethylselenonium production is more inhibited by POA than is selenosugar production (P<.05). This work indicates that low molecular weight Se metabolism requires SAM-dependent methylation, and disrupting the conversion of SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine prevents conversion of selenite and intermediate metabolites to final excretory forms, suggesting implications for selenium supplementation under conditions where transmethylation is suboptimal, such as in the case of obese or aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Jackson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center; ARS-USDA, North Dakota, USA.
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García-Sevillano MA, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL. Development of a new column switching method for simultaneous speciation of selenometabolites and selenoproteins in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:171-9. [PMID: 24139503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous speciation of selenoproteins and selenometabolites in human serum has been developed on the basis of in series three dimensional chromatography: size exclusion, affinity and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (3D/SE-AF-AEC-HPLC), using different columns of each type and hyphenation to inductively coupled plasma-(quadrupole) mass spectrometry (ICP-qMS). The method allows the quantitative simultaneous analysis of selenoprotein P (SeP), extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGPx), selenoalbumin (SeAlb), selenite and selenate in human serum using species-unspecific isotope dilution (SUID). The 3D chromatographic separation is proposed to remove typical spectral interferences in this matrix from chloride and bromide on (77)Se ((40)Ar(37)Cl), (80)Se ((79)Br(1)H) and (82)Se ((81)Br(1)H). In addition, a previous method based on 2D/SE-AF-HPLC is proposed as a simple alternative when low molecular mass selenium species are absent in the samples. The method is robust, reliable and fast with typical chromatographic runtime less than 35min. Detection limits are in the range of 0.2-1.3ng of Seg(-1). Method accuracy for determination of total protein-bound to Se was assessed by analyzing an human serum reference material (BCR-637) certified for total Se content and method reliability checked in samples of human serum providing results in good agreement with the total selenium concentration. In addition, the application of the method to commercial human serum and plasma reference materials for quality control analysis, certified for total Se, has provided, for the first time, indicative levels of selenium containing proteins in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Spain; International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Spain
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