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Balasubrahmaniyam M, Simkhovich A, Golombek A, Sandik G, Ankonina G, Schwartz T. From enhanced diffusion to ultrafast ballistic motion of hybrid light-matter excitations. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:338-344. [PMID: 36646793 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of excitons and charge carriers in molecular systems can be enhanced by coherent coupling to photons, giving rise to the formation of hybrid excitations known as polaritons. Such enhancement has far-reaching technological implications; however, the enhancement mechanism and the transport nature of these hybrid excitations remain elusive. Here we map the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of polaritons formed by mixing surface-bound optical waves with Frenkel excitons in a self-assembled molecular layer, resolving polariton dynamics in energy/momentum space. We find that the interplay between the molecular disorder and long-range correlations induced by coherent mixing with light leads to a mobility transition between diffusive and ballistic transport, which can be controlled by varying the light-matter composition of the polaritons. Furthermore, we show that coupling to light enhances the diffusion coefficient of molecular excitons by six orders of magnitude and even leads to ballistic flow at two-thirds the speed of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundakumar Balasubrahmaniyam
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Simkhovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adina Golombek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Sandik
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Ankonina
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Wu R, Matta M, Paulsen BD, Rivnay J. Operando Characterization of Organic Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4493-4551. [PMID: 35026108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Operando characterization plays an important role in revealing the structure-property relationships of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs), enabling the direct observation of dynamic changes during device operation and thus guiding the development of new materials. This review focuses on the application of different operando characterization techniques in the study of OMIECs, highlighting the time-dependent and bias-dependent structure, composition, and morphology information extracted from these techniques. We first illustrate the needs, requirements, and challenges of operando characterization then provide an overview of relevant experimental techniques, including spectroscopy, scattering, microbalance, microprobe, and electron microscopy. We also compare different in silico methods and discuss the interplay of these computational methods with experimental techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development of operando for OMIEC-based devices and look toward multimodal operando techniques for more comprehensive and accurate description of OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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3
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Ferretti AM, Diterlizzi M, Porzio W, Giovanella U, Ganzer L, Virgili T, Vohra V, Arias E, Moggio I, Scavia G, Destri S, Zappia S. Rod-Coil Block Copolymer: Fullerene Blend Water-Processable Nanoparticles: How Molecular Structure Addresses Morphology and Efficiency in NP-OPVs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010084. [PMID: 35010034 PMCID: PMC8746663 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) is an emerging strategy for the processing of organic semiconducting materials into aqueous medium, dramatically reducing the use of chlorinated solvents and enabling the control of the nanomorphology in OPV active layers. We studied amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) with a different chemical structure and length of the hydrophilic coil blocks. Using the BCPs blended with a fullerene acceptor material, we fabricated NP-OPV devices with a sustainable approach. The goal of this work is to clarify how the morphology of the nanodomains of the two active materials is addressed by the hydrophilic coil molecular structures, and in turn how the design of the materials affects the device performances. Exploiting a peculiar application of TEM, EFTEM microscopy on WPNPs, with the contribution of AFM and spectroscopic techniques, we correlate the coil structure with the device performances, demonstrating the pivotal influence of the chemical design over material properties. BCP5, bearing a coil block of five repeating units of 4-vinilpyridine (4VP), leads to working devices with efficiency comparable to the solution-processed ones for the multiple PCBM-rich cores morphology displayed by the blend WPNPs. Otherwise, BCP2 and BCP15, with 2 and 15 repeating units of 4VP, respectively, show a single large PCBM-rich core; the insertion of styrene units into the coil block of BCP100 is detrimental for the device efficiency, even if it produces an intermixed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ferretti
- Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sezione Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
| | - Marianna Diterlizzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - William Porzio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-858, Japan;
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
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4
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Balena A, Cretí A, Lomascolo M, Anni M. Investigation of the exciton relaxation processes in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene- co-benzothiadiazole):CsPbI 1.5Br 1.5 nanocrystal hybrid polymer–perovskite nanocrystal blend. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33531-33539. [PMID: 35497539 PMCID: PMC9042286 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06821k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and conjugated polymer in a blend film opens the way to the realization of hybrid active layers with widely tunable optical and electrical properties. However, the interaction between the polymeric and the perovskite component of the blends is mainly unexplored to date. In this work we perform temperature-dependent photoluminescence and time resolved photoluminescence measurements in order to deeply investigate the photophysics of a poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT):CsPbI1.5Br1.5 nanocrystal hybrid film. Our results suggest that the primary interaction channel is charge transfer, both from F8BT to the NCs and from the NCs to F8BT, while Förster resonant energy transfer has no visible effects. Moreover, we show that the charge transfer is assisted by energy migration within the F8BT excited state distribution and that it is dependent on the local micromorphology of the film. Our work improves the current understanding of the polymer:perovskite NC interactions in hybrid films, and it is expected to be relevant for the development of hybrid organic–perovskite optoelectronic devices. The emission properties of a hybrid polymer:perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) blend film are investigated, evidencing that the main interaction process is not Förster transfer, but instead bidirectional polymer → NC and NC → polymer charge transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Balena
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”,Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Arianna Cretí
- IMM-CNR Institute for Microelectronic and Microsystems, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Lomascolo
- IMM-CNR Institute for Microelectronic and Microsystems, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Anni
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”,Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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5
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Blake MJ, Colon BA, Calhoun TR. Leaving the Limits of Linearity for Light Microscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:24555-24565. [PMID: 34306294 PMCID: PMC8301257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has enabled additional modalities for chemical contrast, deep penetration into biological tissues, and the ability to collect dynamics on ultrafast timescales across heterogenous samples. The additional light fields introduced to a sample offer seemingly endless possibilities for variation to optimize and customize experimentation and the extraction of physical insight. This perspective highlights three areas of growth in this diverse field: the collection of information across multiple timescales, the selective imaging of interfacial chemistry, and the exploitation of quantum behavior for future imaging directions. Future innovations will leverage the work of the studies reviewed here as well as address the current challenges presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marea J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
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6
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Ganzer L, Zappia S, Russo M, Ferretti AM, Vohra V, Diterlizzi M, Antognazza MR, Destri S, Virgili T. Ultrafast spectroscopy on water-processable PCBM: rod-coil block copolymer nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26583-26591. [PMID: 33201972 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we investigate the photophysics of water-processable nanoparticles composed of a block copolymer electron donor and a fullerene derivative electron acceptor. The block copolymers are based on a poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] rod, which is covalently linked with 2 or 100 hydrophilic coil units. In both samples the photogenerated excitons in the blend nanoparticles migrate in tens of ps to a donor/acceptor interface to be separated into free charges. However, transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that increasing the coil length from 2 to 100 units results in the formation of long living charge transfer states which reduce the charge generation efficiency. Our results shed light on the impact of rod-coil copolymer coil length on the blend nanoparticle morphology and provide essential information for the design of amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers to increase the photovoltaic performances of water-processable organic solar cell active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
| | - Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Mattia Russo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20138, Italy
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, the University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-858, Japan
| | - Marianna Diterlizzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano I-20133, Italy.
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20132, Italy.
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7
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Portone A, Ganzer L, Branchi F, Ramos R, Caldas MJ, Pisignano D, Molinari E, Cerullo G, Persano L, Prezzi D, Virgili T. Tailoring optical properties and stimulated emission in nanostructured polythiophene. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7370. [PMID: 31089241 PMCID: PMC6517583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polythiophenes are the most widely utilized semiconducting polymers in organic electronics, but they are scarcely exploited in photonics due to their high photo-induced absorption caused by interchain polaron pairs, which prevents the establishment of a window of net optical gain. Here we study the photophysics of poly(3-hexylthiophene) configured with different degrees of supramolecular ordering, spin-coated thin films and templated nanowires, and find marked differences in their optical properties. Transient absorption measurements evidence a partially-polarized stimulated emission band in the nanowire samples, in contrast with the photo-induced absorption band observed in spin-coated thin films. In combination with theoretical modeling, our experimental results reveal the origin of the primary photoexcitations dominating the dynamics for different supramolecular ordering, with singlet excitons in the nanostructured samples superseding the presence of polaron pairs, which are present in the disordered films. Our approach demonstrates a viable strategy to direct optical properties through structural control, and the observation of optical gain opens the possibility to the use of polythiophene nanostructures as building blocks of organic optical amplifiers and active photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Portone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Arnesano I-73100, Lecce, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano, I-20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Branchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano, I-20132, Milano, Italy
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-str. 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ramos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro Universitario das Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília J Caldas
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 213/a, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano, I-20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Luana Persano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- Istituto Nanoscienze CNR-NANO-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- IFN-CNR, c\o Dipartimento di Fisica, di Milano, I-20132, Milano, Italy.
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8
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Mrejen M, Yadgarov L, Levanon A, Suchowski H. Transient exciton-polariton dynamics in WSe 2 by ultrafast near-field imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat9618. [PMID: 30746484 PMCID: PMC6358311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an exciting platform for strong light-matter interaction enabled by their polaritonic modes and the associated deep subwavelength light confinement. Semiconductor vdW materials such as WSe2 are of particular interest for photonic and quantum integrated technologies because they sustain visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) exciton-polariton (EP) modes at room temperature. Here, we develop a unique spatiotemporal imaging technique at the femtosecond-nanometric scale and observe the EP dynamics in WSe2 waveguides. Our method, based on a novel ultrafast broadband intrapulse pump-probe near-field imaging, allows direct visualization of EP formation and propagation in WSe2 showing, at room temperature, ultraslow EP with a group velocity of v g ~ 0.017c. Our imaging method paves the way for in situ ultrafast coherent control and extreme spatiotemporal imaging of condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mrejen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - L. Yadgarov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Levanon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - H. Suchowski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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10
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Schnedermann C, Lim JM, Wende T, Duarte AS, Ni L, Gu Q, Sadhanala A, Rao A, Kukura P. Sub-10 fs Time-Resolved Vibronic Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4854-4859. [PMID: 27934055 PMCID: PMC5684689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce femtosecond wide-field transient absorption microscopy combining sub-10 fs pump and probe pulses covering the complete visible (500-650 nm) and near-infrared (650-950 nm) spectrum with diffraction-limited optical resolution. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by reporting the spatially- and spectrally-resolved transient electronic response of MAPbI3-xClx perovskite films and reveal significant quenching of the transient bleach signal at grain boundaries. The unprecedented temporal resolution enables us to directly observe the formation of band-gap renormalization, completed in 25 fs after photoexcitation. In addition, we acquire hyperspectral Raman maps of TIPS pentacene films with sub-400 nm spatial and sub-15 cm-1 spectral resolution covering the 100-2000 cm-1 window. Our approach opens up the possibility of studying ultrafast dynamics on nanometer length and femtosecond time scales in a variety of two-dimensional and nanoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Wende
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. Duarte
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Limeng Ni
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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11
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Fischer MC, Wilson JW, Robles FE, Warren WS. Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:031101. [PMID: 27036751 PMCID: PMC4798998 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has rapidly gained popularity in biomedical imaging and materials science because of its ability to provide three-dimensional images at high spatial and temporal resolution even in optically scattering environments. Currently the majority of commercial and home-built devices are based on two-photon fluorescence and harmonic generation contrast. These two contrast mechanisms are relatively easy to measure but can access only a limited range of endogenous targets. Recent developments in fast laser pulse generation, pulse shaping, and detection technology have made accessible a wide range of optical contrasts that utilize multiple pulses of different colors. Molecular excitation with multiple pulses offers a large number of adjustable parameters. For example, in two-pulse pump-probe microscopy, one can vary the wavelength of each excitation pulse, the detection wavelength, the timing between the excitation pulses, and the detection gating window after excitation. Such a large parameter space can provide much greater molecular specificity than existing single-color techniques and allow for structural and functional imaging without the need for exogenous dyes and labels, which might interfere with the system under study. In this review, we provide a tutorial overview, covering principles of pump-probe microscopy and experimental setup, challenges associated with signal detection and data processing, and an overview of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jesse W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Francisco E Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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12
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Davydova D, de la Cadena A, Demmler S, Rothhardt J, Limpert J, Pascher T, Akimov D, Dietzek B. Ultrafast transient absorption microscopy: Study of excited state dynamics in PtOEP crystals. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karunakaran V. Ultrafast Heme Dynamics of Ferric Cytochrome c in Different Environments: Electronic, Vibrational, and Conformational Relaxation. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3974-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110 001 India
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