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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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2
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Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Recent developments in the investigation of driving forces for transforming coinage metal nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5892-5967. [PMID: 37577838 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters serve as an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. The transformation of metal nanoclusters has been fully reflected in their studies from every aspect, including the structural evolution analysis, physicochemical property regulation, and practical application promotion. In this review, we highlight the driving forces for transforming atomically precise metal nanoclusters and summarize the related transforming principles and fundamentals. Several driving forces for transforming nanoclusters are meticulously reviewed herein: ligand-exchange-induced transformations, metal-exchange-induced transformations, intercluster reactions, photochemical transformations, oxidation/reduction-induced transformations, and other factors (intrinsic instability, pH, temperature, and metal salts) triggering transformations. The exploitation of transforming principles to customize the preparations, structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of metal nanoclusters is also disclosed. At the end of this review, we provide our perspectives and highlight the challenges remaining for future research on the transformation of metal nanoclusters. Our intended audience is the broader scientific community interested in metal nanoclusters, and we believe that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and insights on the research fundamentals needed to realize more cluster-based nanomaterials with customized compositions, structures, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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3
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Mathew MS, Krishnan G, Mathews AA, Sunil K, Mathew L, Antoine R, Thomas S. Recent Progress on Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters in Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1874. [PMID: 37368304 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The reckless use of non-replenishable fuels by the growing population for energy and the resultant incessant emissions of hazardous gases and waste products into the atmosphere have insisted that scientists fabricate materials capable of managing these global threats at once. In recent studies, photocatalysis has been employed to focus on utilizing renewable solar energy to initiate chemical processes with the aid of semiconductors and highly selective catalysts. A wide range of nanoparticles has showcased promising photocatalytic properties. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with sizes below 2 nm, stabilized by ligands, show discrete energy levels and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, which are vital to photocatalysis. In this review, we intend to compile information on the synthesis, true nature, and stability of the MNCs decorated with ligands and the varying photocatalytic efficiency of metal NCs concerning changes in the aforementioned domains. The review discusses the photocatalytic activity of atomically precise ligand-protected MNCs and their hybrids in the domain of energy conversion processes such as the photodegradation of dyes, the oxygen evolution reaction (ORR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meegle S Mathew
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686666, India
| | - Greeshma Krishnan
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Amita Aanne Mathews
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Kevin Sunil
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Leo Mathew
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
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4
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Lee D, Ishida Y, Yonezawa T. Unexpected Reactivity of Cationic-to-Cationic Thiolate Ligand-Exchange Reaction on Au 25 Clusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37285580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected molecular noble metal clusters have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, which make them applicable in diverse fields such as catalysis, sensing, and bioimaging. Ligand-exchange reactions are a crucial technique for synthesizing and functionalizing these clusters, as they allow for the introduction of new ligands onto the cluster surface, which can alter their properties. While numerous studies have investigated neutral-to-neutral, neutral-to-anionic, and neutral-to-cationic ligand-exchange reactions, the cationic-to-cationic ligand-exchange reaction has never been reported, making the study of such reactions intriguing. In this study, the cationic ligand-exchange reaction on Au25(4-PyET-CH3+)x(4-PyET)18-x (x ≈ 9) clusters, which contain both neutral and cationic ligands in nearly equivalent amounts, was investigated. Contrary to our expectation that the cationic-to-cationic ligand-exchange reaction would be suppressed due to Coulombic repulsion between the surface cationic ligands and incoming cationic ligands, the originally existing cationic ligand was selectively exchanged. The choice of counterions for cationic ligands played a crucial role in controlling the selectivity of ligand exchange. For instance, bulky and hydrophobic counterions such as PF6- can cause steric hindrance and reduce Coulombic repulsion, which promotes cationic-to-cationic ligand exchange. Conversely, counterions like Cl- can lead to neutral-to-cationic ligand exchange due to reduced steric hindrance and increased Coulombic repulsion between cationic ligands. These findings provide a novel method for tailoring the properties of molecular gold clusters through controlled ligand exchange without requiring the design of thiolate ligands with varying geometrical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Lee
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishida
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
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5
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Sahoo K, Chakraborty I. Ligand effects on the photoluminescence of atomically precise silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3120-3129. [PMID: 36723052 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06619j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) is one of the most exciting properties of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs), making them a prime choice for various applications, from sensing to bio-imaging. While there are several advantages of metal NCs for PL-based applications, their PLQY is significantly low compared to other PL-active nanomaterials or organic dyes. It is essential to understand the PL mechanism in detail to tune the PLQY of NCs. There are numerous reports on gold NCs with a known structure where the origin of PL has been explored, and it was found that ligands play a vital role in their PL properties along with the kernel (core). Reports on understanding the ligand effects on PL properties are also evolving for the case of atomically precise silver NCs. This mini-review will summarize the ligands' role in PL of 29 atom Ag NCs, the most reported NCs with diversity in the silver family. The ligands were classified as primary and secondary, and their effects on tuning the PL properties were explained. The review will also address some of the answers to open questions for AgNCs, such as the origin of PL, dynamics, and the tunability of PLQY using ligand modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Sahoo
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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6
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Gratious S, Mukherjee S, Mandal S. Co-reactant-Free Transformation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9014-9027. [PMID: 36149644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transformation chemistry has advanced significantly in recent years as an excellent methodology for synthesizing new nanoclusters and functionalizing the existing ones. However, rational synthesis and fundamental understanding of the structural evolution among clusters have not yet been achieved in nanocluster science. A deeper understanding of the fundamental aspects of structure-property correlation is necessary for the employment of befitting nanoclusters for specific applications. Very recently, the transformation of nanoclusters without the use of conventional co-reactants has been brought to light. These co-reactant-less transformations are triggered by various conditions, such as pH, solvent, light, temperature, etc. In this perspective, we discuss how this unique method of transformation without any co-reactant benefits the basic understanding of growth patterns and the corresponding property evolution in nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Gratious
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sayani Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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7
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Muñoz-Castro A. Ligand-Core Interaction in Ligand-Protected Ag25(XR)18 (X= S, Se, Te) Superatoms. Evaluation of Anchor Atom Role via Relativistic DFT Calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17233-17241. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isostructural and isoelectronic silver [Ag25(SR)18]- (R=Ligand) cluster to [Au25(SR)18]- gold clusters allows to further understand the fundamental similarities between Au and Ag, at the ultrasmall nanoscale (< 2 nm)...
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Tanini
- University of Florence Department of Chemistry ‘‘Ugo Schiff'' Via della Lastruccia 3–13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- University of Florence Department of Chemistry ‘‘Ugo Schiff'' Via della Lastruccia 3–13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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9
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Hirai H, Ito S, Takano S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms: current status and emerging trends. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12233-12248. [PMID: 34094434 PMCID: PMC8162828 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer-protected gold/silver clusters have attracted much interest as nano-scale building units for novel functional materials owing to their nonbulk-like structures and size-specific properties. They can be viewed as ligand-protected superatoms because their magic stabilities and fundamental properties are well explained in the framework of the jellium model. In the last decade, the number of ligand-protected superatoms with atomically-defined structures has been increasing rapidly thanks to the well-established synthesis and structural determination by X-ray crystallography. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of superatoms. The topics related to synthesis include (1) development of targeted synthesis based on transformation, (2) enhancement of robustness and synthetic yield for practical applications, and (3) development of controlled fusion and assembly of well-defined superatoms to create new properties. New characterization approaches are also introduced such as (1) mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopies in the gas phase, (2) determination of static and dynamic structures, and (3) computational analysis by machine learning. Finally, future challenges and prospects are discussed for further promotion and development of materials science of superatoms. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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10
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Jiang W, Bai Y, Li Q, Yao X, Zhang H, Song Y, Meng X, Yu H, Zhu M. Steric and Electrostatic Control of the pH-Regulated Interconversion of Au 16(SR) 12 and Au 18(SR) 14 (SR: Deprotonated Captopril). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5394-5404. [PMID: 32100535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the response of nanomaterials to specific environmental parameters is an essential prerequisite for their practical use, especially in living systems. Herein, we disclose the preparation of a water-soluble nanocluster Au16(SR)12 (SR denotes deprotonated captopril) and its characterization by a combination of theoretical (e.g., density functional theory calculations) and experimental (UV-vis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, etc.) methods. Interestingly, Au16(SR)12 was found to convert to Au18(SR)14 under acidic conditions, while the reverse conversion from Au18(SR)14 to Au16(SR)12 occurred upon the addition of base. A mechanistic investigation determined this pH regulation to originate from the distinct steric and electrostatic properties of these two clusters. This study is the first to report the susceptibility of Au18(SR)14 and Au16(SR)12 to pH, and the distinct pH stability unambiguously reveals the importance of size-tracking of nanomaterials in living systems for future clinical applications.
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11
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Kang X, Zhu M. Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenol Ligands. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902703. [PMID: 31482648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in controllable synthesis, structure determination, and property investigation of metal nanoclusters. Selenolated nanoclusters, a special branch in the nanocluster family, have attracted great interest in these years. The electronegativity and atomic radius of selenium is different from sulfur, and thus the selenolated nanoclusters are anticipated to display different electronic/geometric structures and distinct chemical/physical properties relative to their thiolated analogues. This review covers the syntheses, structures, and properties of selenolated nanoclusters (including Au, Ag, Cu, and alloy nanoclusters). Ligand effects (between SeR and SR) on nanocluster properties, including optical absorption, stability, and electrochemical properties, are disclosed as well. At the end of the review, a scope for improvements and future perspectives of selenolated nanoclusters is highlighted. The review hopefully opens up new horizons for cluster scientists to synthesize more selenolated nanoclusters with novel structures and properties. This review is based on publications available up to May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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12
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Weng S, Lv Y, Yu H, Zhu M. The Ligand-Exchange Reactions of Rod-Like Au 25-n M n (M=Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt) Nanoclusters with Cysteine - A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1822-1829. [PMID: 31070285 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The atomic precision of ultrasmall noble-metal nanoclusters (NMNs) is fundamental for elucidating structure-property relationships and probing their practical applications. So far, the atomic structure of NMNs protected by organic ligands has been widely elucidated, whereas the precise atomic structure of NMNs protected by water-soluble ligands (such as peptides and nucleic acid), has been rarely reported. With the concept of "precision to precision", density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to probe the thermodynamic plausibility and inherent determinants for synthesizing atomically precise, water-soluble NMNs via the framework-maintained two-phase ligand-exchange method. A series of rod-like Au25-n Mn (M=Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt) NMNs with the same framework but varied ligands and metal compositions was chosen as the modeling reactants, and cysteine was used as the modeling water-soluble ligand. It was found that the acidity of the reaction remarkably affects the thermodynamic facility of the ligand exchange reactions. Ligand effects (structural distortion and acidity) dominate the overall thermodynamic facility of the ligand-exchange reaction, while the number and type of doped metal atom(s) has little influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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13
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Muñoz-Castro A. On the ligand-core interaction in ligand-protected gold superatoms. Insights from Au 25(XR) 18 (X = S, Se, Te) via relativistic DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13022-13029. [PMID: 31166341 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of gold nanoparticles by using thiolate-based ligands is a relevant issue in the design of functional nanostructures. Superatomic clusters, through the prominent Au25(SR)18 aggregate, offer a prototypical template to deepen the understanding of the different behaviors gained by the inclusion of different chalcogen atoms at the ligand layer. Through the study of [Au25(XMe)18]- (X = S, Se and Te), our results revealed that the bonding between the formally [Au13]5+ core and the protecting layer (PL), further involves the unoccupied 1D-, 1F- and 2S-[Au13] superatomic shells, acting as a charge acceptor in the PL → Au13 charge transfer upon formation of the cluster. In addition, the optical properties showed an increase in the Stokes shift between the S0→ S1 excitation, and S0← S1 emission, going from -SMe to -TeMe, owing to a more distorted core in the excited state for the heavier counterpart. The approach here employed expands the bonding picture between the [Au13]5+ and the protecting layer between different anchor atoms, in addition to the formal ionic description of an isolated core. These findings seek to enhance our understanding of bonding, and the optical characteristic resulting from the use of heavier chalcogen atoms in the protecting layer, which can be employed as design guidelines to incorporate or modify the molecular properties towards the synthesis of ligand-protected gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago de Chile.
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14
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Lin P, Li D, Ho F, Liao J, Barik SK, Liu CW. Unified reciprocity of dithiophosphate by dichalcogenophosph(in)ate ligands on copper hydride nanoclusters via ligand exchange reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Yu Lin
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Dai‐Ying Li
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Feng‐Hsien Ho
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian‐Hong Liao
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Subrat Kumar Barik
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of ChemistryNational Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Shen J, Wang Z, Xia C, Sun D, Yuan S, Xin X. Amphiphilicity Regulation of Ag I Nanoclusters: Self-Assembly and Its Application as a Luminescent Probe. Chemistry 2019; 25:4713-4721. [PMID: 30653766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research on the self-assembly of various amphiphilic molecules is a relatively new research area and of great significance. However, new kinds of metal-nanocluster (NC)-based amphiphilic molecule have rarely been explored. Herein, hydrophobic cation 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium (C16 mim+ ) was chosen to modify hydrophilic (NH4 )6 [Ag6 (mna)6 ] (Ag6 -NCs, H2 mna=2-mercaptonicotinic acid) and Ag6 @C16 mim-NCs were obtained. Ag6 @C16 mim-NCs displayed thermotropic liquid crystal and thermofluorescent properties. Moreover, the Ag6 @C16 mim-NCs exhibits benign amphiphilicity, and it can self-assemble into ordered nanosheets and nanorods through aggregation in water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary solvent mixtures, whereas single Ag6 -NCs do not. Meanwhile, the Ag6 @C16 mim-NCs also displays aggregation-induced emission properties owing to the restriction of intramolecular vibrations of the capping ligands. Furthermore, the luminescent aggregates could detect arginine selectively with the detection limit at 28 μm. This study introduces a new kind of metal-NC-based amphiphilic molecule in a supramolecular self-assembly field, and they have potential to be used as optical materials in applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Congxin Xia
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu No. 27, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China.,National Engineering Technology Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu No. 27, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
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16
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Du Y, Sheng H, Astruc D, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties. Chem Rev 2019; 120:526-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Didier Astruc
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Talence 33405 Cedex, France
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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17
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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18
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Manju CK, Ghosh D, Bodiuzzaman M, Pradeep T. Formation of an NIR-emitting Ag34S3SBB20(CF3COO)62+ cluster from a hydride-protected silver cluster. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8664-8670. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of an NIR emitting Ag34S3SBB20(CF3COO)62+ cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Manju
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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19
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Hosier CA, Ackerson CJ. Regiochemistry of Thiolate for Selenolate Ligand Exchange on Gold Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:309-314. [PMID: 30532966 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange is a fundamental reaction of metal nanoparticles. Multiple symmetry and kinetic exchange environments are observed for thiolate protected gold nanoparticles, but the correlation between these is unclear. Structural study of ligand exchange on chalcogenide passivated gold clusters has so-far revealed the locations of 10% or fewer of incoming ligands. In a set of 13 crystal structures, we reveal the locations of up to 17 ligands of the 18 ligands in thiolate for selenolate exchanged Au25(SeR)18- x(SR) x clusters. Overall, we see a distinct preference for the locations of thiolate and selenolate ligands that emerges over time. This most-comprehensive to-date structural study of ligand exchange on gold clusters evidences a structural basis for exchange of solvated ligands, exchange of ligands between clusters, and a net reaction that amounts to translation of ligands on the cluster surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hosier
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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20
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Li YZ, Ganguly R, Hong KY, Li Y, Tessensohn ME, Webster R, Leong WK. Stibine-protected Au 13 nanoclusters: syntheses, properties and facile conversion to GSH-protected Au 25 nanocluster. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8723-8730. [PMID: 30627392 PMCID: PMC6289101 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monostibine-protected ionic Au13 nanoclusters, namely, [Au13(L)8(Cl)4][Cl] (L= SbPh3, 2a·Cl; Sb(p-tolyl)3, 2b·Cl) were prepared by the direct reduction of Au(L)Cl with NaBH4 in dichloromethane. Anion exchange with 2a·Cl afforded [Au13(SbPh3)8(Cl)4][X] (X = PF6, 2a·PF6; BPh4, 2a·BPh4). All these have been characterized by multinuclear NMR, ESI-MS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Crystallographic analysis of 2a·BPh4 reveals that the cation possesses C 2v symmetry and the tridecagold core adopts a closed icosahedron configuration. The weaker coordinating ability of the stibine ligands leads to the ready reaction of 2b·Cl with PPh3 or glutathione (GSH) to form the smaller phosphine-protected cluster [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2][Cl] or larger thiolate-protected cluster Au25(SG)18, respectively. In the latter reaction, the addition of a small amount (0.5 to 3.5 equivalents) of a suitable oxidant such as K3(Fe(CN)6 accelerates the conversion rate significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhou Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Kar Yiu Hong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Malcolm Eugene Tessensohn
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Richard Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 .
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21
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Song Y, Lv Y, Zhou M, Luo TY, Zhao S, Rosi NL, Yu H, Zhu M, Jin R. Single-ligand exchange on an Au-Cu bimetal nanocluster and mechanism. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12093-12099. [PMID: 29911717 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An Au-Cu bimetallic nanocluster co-capped by selenolate and phosphine is obtained and its X-ray structure shows an icosahedral Au13 kernel surrounded by three CuSe2PPh2Py motifs and one CuSe3 motif, formulated as [Au13Cu4(PPh2Py)3(SePh)9]. Interestingly, a single-ligand exchange process is observed in the growth reaction, in which an [Au13Cu4(PPh2Py)4(SePh)8]+ intermediate is first formed, but a prolonged reaction leads to one PPh2Py ligand being selectively replaced by a PhSe-ligand. DFT simulations reveal that both steric hindrance and bond dissociation energy have great effects on the single-ligand exchange reaction as well as the thermodynamics, which help to understand the mechanism of the ligand exchange. Temperature-dependent UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the Au-Cu nanocluster imply that the optical properties are mainly contributed by the metal core. Femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe analysis maps out further details of the PL process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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22
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Kang X, Chong H, Zhu M. Au 25(SR) 18: the captain of the great nanocluster ship. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10758-10834. [PMID: 29873658 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters are in the intermediate state between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles and are of significance due to their atomically accurate structures, intriguing properties, and great potential for applications in various fields. In addition, the size-dependent properties of nanoclusters construct a platform for thoroughly researching the structure (composition)-property correlations, which is favorable for obtaining novel nanomaterials with enhanced physicochemical properties. Thus far, more than 100 species of nanoclusters (mono-metallic Au or Ag nanoclusters, and bi- or tri-metallic alloy nanoclusters) with crystal structures have been reported. Among these nanoclusters, Au25(SR)18-the brightest molecular star in the nanocluster field-is capable of revealing the past developments and prospecting the future of the nanoclusters. Since being successfully synthesized (in 1998, with a 20-year history) and structurally determined (in 2008, with a 10-year history), Au25(SR)18 has stimulated the interest of chemists as well as material scientists, due to the early discovery, easy preparation, high stability, and easy functionalization and application of this molecular star. In this review, the preparation methods, crystal structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of Au25(SR)18 are summarized. The properties of Au25(SR)18 range from optics and chirality to magnetism and electrochemistry, and the property-oriented applications include catalysis, chemical imaging, sensing, biological labeling, biomedicine and beyond. Furthermore, the research progress on the Ag-based M25(SR)18 counterpart (i.e., Ag25(SR)18) is included in this review due to its homologous composition, construction and optical absorption to its gold-counterpart Au25(SR)18. Moreover, the alloying methods, metal-exchange sites and property alternations based on the templated Au25(SR)18 are highlighted. Finally, some perspectives and challenges for the future research of the Au25(SR)18 nanocluster are proposed (also holding true for all members in the nanocluster field). This review is directed toward the broader scientific community interested in the metal nanocluster field, and hopefully opens up new horizons for scientists studying nanomaterials. This review is based on the publications available up to March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology and AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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23
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Rambukwella M, Chang L, Ravishanker A, Fortunelli A, Stener M, Dass A. Au36(SePh)24 nanomolecules: synthesis, optical spectroscopy and theoretical analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13255-13262. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of selenophenol (HSePh) protected Au36(SePh)24 nanomolecules via a ligand-exchange reaction of 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol (HSPh-tBu) protected Au36(SPh-tBu)24 with selenophenol, and its spectroscopic and theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Le Chang
- International Research Center for Soft Matter
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
| | - Anish Ravishanker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
| | | | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- Trieste I-34127
- Italy
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- Oxford
- USA
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24
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Chang WT, Lee PY, Liao JH, Chakrahari KK, Kahlal S, Liu YC, Chiang MH, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Eight-Electron Silver and Mixed Gold/Silver Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenium Donor Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Chang
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jian-Hong Liao
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kiran Kumarvarma Chakrahari
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Samia Kahlal
- UMR-CNRS, 6226 “; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”; University de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry; Academica Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry; Academica Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- UMR-CNRS, 6226 “; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”; University de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
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25
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Chang WT, Lee PY, Liao JH, Chakrahari KK, Kahlal S, Liu YC, Chiang MH, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Eight-Electron Silver and Mixed Gold/Silver Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenium Donor Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10178-10182. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Chang
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jian-Hong Liao
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kiran Kumarvarma Chakrahari
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Samia Kahlal
- UMR-CNRS, 6226 “; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”; University de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry; Academica Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry; Academica Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- UMR-CNRS, 6226 “; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”; University de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - C. W. Liu
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd. Shoufeng Hualien 97401 Taiwan R.O.C
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26
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8208-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1305] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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27
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Niihori Y, Hossain S, Sharma S, Kumar B, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Understanding and Practical Use of Ligand and Metal Exchange Reactions in Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters to Synthesize Controlled Metal Clusters. CHEM REC 2017; 17:473-484. [PMID: 28371211 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is now possible to accurately synthesize thiolate (SR)-protected gold clusters (Aun (SR)m ) with various chemical compositions with atomic precision. The geometric structure, electronic structure, physical properties, and functions of these clusters are well known. In contrast, the ligand or metal atom exchange reactions between these clusters and other substances have not been studied extensively until recently, even though these phenomena were observed during early studies. Understanding the mechanisms of these reactions could allow desired functional metal clusters to be produced via exchange reactions. Therefore, we have studied the exchange reactions between Aun (SR)m and analogous clusters and other substances for the past four years. The results have enabled us to gain deep understanding of ligand exchange with respect to preferential exchange sites, acceleration means, effect on electronic structure, and intercluster exchange. We have also synthesized several new metal clusters using ligand and metal exchange reactions. In this account, we summarize our research on ligand and metal exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sachil Sharma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.,Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Knoppe S, Zhang QF, Wan XK, Wang QM, Wang LS, Verbiest T. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Scattering Properties of Phosphine-Protected Au20 Clusters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qian-Fan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Xian-Kai Wan
- Department
of Chemistry, Xiamen University, XiamCen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Xiamen University, XiamCen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Pichugina DA, Kuz'menko NE, Shestakov AF. Ligand-protected gold clusters: the structure, synthesis and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Niihori Y, Kikuchi Y, Kato A, Matsuzaki M, Negishi Y. Understanding Ligand-Exchange Reactions on Thiolate-Protected Gold Clusters by Probing Isomer Distributions Using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9347-56. [PMID: 26168308 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m) have attracted considerable attention as functional nanomaterials in a wide range of fields. A ligand-exchange reaction has long been used to functionalize these clusters. In this study, we separated products from a ligand-exchange reaction of phenylethanethiolate-protected Au24Pd clusters (Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18), in which Au25(SR)18 is doped with palladium, into each coordination isomer with high resolution by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This success has enabled isomer distributions of the products to be quantitatively evaluated. We evaluated quantitatively the isomer distributions of products obtained by the reaction of Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18 with thiol, disulfide, or diselenide. The results revealed that the exchange reaction starts to occur preferentially at thiolates that are bound directly to the metal core (thiolates of a core site) in all reactions. Further study on the isomer-separated Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)17(SC12H25) revealed that clusters vary the coordination isomer distribution in solution by the ligand-exchange reaction between clusters and that control of the coordination isomer distribution of the starting clusters enables control of the coordination isomer distribution of the products generated by ligand-exchange reactions between clusters. Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18 used in this study has a similar framework structure to Au25(SR)18, which is one of the most studied compounds in the Aun(SR)m clusters. Knowledge gained in this study is expected to enable further understanding of ligand-exchange reactions on Au25(SR)18 and other Aun(SR)m clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayano Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Miku Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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31
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Dhayal RS, Liao JH, Wang X, Liu YC, Chiang MH, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Diselenophosphate-Induced Conversion of an Achiral [Cu20H11{S2P(OiPr)2}9] into a Chiral [Cu20H11{Se2P(OiPr)2}9] Polyhydrido Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13604-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Dhayal RS, Liao JH, Wang X, Liu YC, Chiang MH, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Diselenophosphate-Induced Conversion of an Achiral [Cu20H11{S2P(OiPr)2}9] into a Chiral [Cu20H11{Se2P(OiPr)2}9] Polyhydrido Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Zeng C, Chen Y, Das A, Jin R. Transformation Chemistry of Gold Nanoclusters: From One Stable Size to Another. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2976-86. [PMID: 26267191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling nanoparticles with atomic precision has long been a major dream of nanochemists. This dream has first been realized in the case of gold nanoparticles. We previously discussed a size-focusing methodology for the syntheses of atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by thiolate ligands (referred to as Aun(SR)m, where n and m represent the exact numbers of gold atoms and surface ligands). This methodology led to molecularly pure nanoclusters such as Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, Au144(SR)60, and many others in recent work. In this Perspective article, we shall further discuss a new methodology for controlling the size and structure of nanoclusters through ligand-exchange-induced transformation of Aun(SR)m nanoclusters. Notable examples include the transformations of Au25(SR)18 to Au28(SR')20, Au38(SR)24 to Au36(SR')24, and Au144(SR)60 to Au133(SR')52. Total structures of the new nanoclusters have also been attained. The transformation processes are remarkable and resemble the organic transformation chemistry. We have also achieved mechanistic understanding on the transformation process, and a disproportionation mechanism has been for the first time identified. This new methodology (i.e., ligand-exchange-induced size/structure transformation, LEIST for short) has not only demonstrated the important role of thiolate ligand in the transformation chemistry of clusters but also paved the way for creating an expanded "library" of Aun(SR)m nanoclusters for exploration of their magic sizes, structures, properties, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Takagi N, Ishimura K, Matsui M, Fukuda R, Matsui T, Nakajima T, Ehara M, Sakaki S. How Can We Understand Au8 Cores and Entangled Ligands of Selenolate- and Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Au24(ER)20 and Au20(ER)16 (E = Se, S; R = Ph, Me)? A Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8593-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takagi
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishimura
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masafuyu Matsui
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Matsui
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), Kobe 657-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), Kobe 657-0047, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry (FIFC), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Song Y, Fu F, Zhang J, Chai J, Kang X, Li P, Li S, Zhou H, Zhu M. The Magic Au60 Nanocluster: A New Cluster-Assembled Material with Five Au13 Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8430-4. [PMID: 26012487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and atomic structure of the cluster-assembled [Au60Se2(Ph3P)10(SeR)15](+) material. Five icosahedral Au13 building blocks from a closed gold ring with Au-Se-Au linkages. Interestingly, two Se atoms (without the phenyl tail) locate in the center of the cluster, stabilized by the Se-(Au)5 interactions. The ring-like nanocluster is unprecedented in previous experimental and theoretical studies of gold nanocluster structures. In addition, our optical and electrochemical studies show that the electronic properties of the icosahedral Au13 units still remain unchanged in the penta-twinned Au60 nanocluster, and this new material might be a promising in optical limiting material. This work offers a basis for deep understanding on controlling the cluster-assembled materials for tailoring their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Fangyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China)
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601 (P. R. China).
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Song Y, Fu F, Zhang J, Chai J, Kang X, Li P, Li S, Zhou H, Zhu M. The Magic Au60Nanocluster: A New Cluster-Assembled Material with Five Au13Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Carducci TM, Blackwell RE, Murray RW. Charge-Transfer Effects in Ligand Exchange Reactions of Au25 Monolayer-Protected Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1299-1302. [PMID: 26263126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reported here are second-order rate constants of associative ligand exchanges of Au25L18 nanoparticles (L = phenylethanethiolate) of various charge states, measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance at room temperature and below. Differences in second-order rate constants (M(-1) s(-1)) of ligand exchange (positive clusters ∼1.9 × 10(-5) versus negative ones ∼1.2 × 10(-4)) show that electron depletion retards ligand exchange. The ordering of rate constants between the ligands benzeneselenol > 4-bromobenzene thiol > benzenethiol reveals that exchange is accelerated by higher acidity and/or electron donation capability of the incoming ligand. Together, these observations indicate that partial charge transfer occurs between the nanoparticle and ligand during the exchange and that this is a rate-determining effect in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M Carducci
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Raymond E Blackwell
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Royce W Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Kang X, Song Y, Deng H, Zhang J, Liu B, Pan C, Zhu M. Ligand-induced change of the crystal structure and enhanced stability of the Au11 nanocluster. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the Au11(PPh3)7Cl3 and [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]Cl, [Au11(PPh2(CH2)5Ph2P)4(SePh)2]+ exhibits some structural differences and shows significantly enhanced stability in storage and thiol etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Meterials
- Anhui University
- China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Meterials
- Anhui University
- China
| | - Huijuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Meterials
- Anhui University
- China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process
- Anhui Jianzhu University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Chensong Pan
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Meterials
- Anhui University
- China
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Sharma A, Mori T, Lee HC, Worden M, Bidwell E, Hegmann T. Detecting, visualizing, and measuring gold nanoparticle chirality using helical pitch measurements in nematic liquid crystal phases. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11966-76. [PMID: 25383947 DOI: 10.1021/nn504980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality at the nanoscale, or more precisely, the chirality or chiroptical effects of chiral ligand-capped metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an intriguing and rapidly evolving field in nanomaterial research with promising applications in catalysis, metamaterials, and chiral sensing. The aim of this work was to seek out a system that not only allows the detection and understanding of NP chirality but also permits visualization of the extent of chirality transfer to a surrounding medium. The nematic liquid crystal phase is an ideal candidate, displaying characteristic defect texture changes upon doping with chiral additives. To test this, we synthesized chiral cholesterol-capped gold NPs and prepared well-dispersed mixtures in two nematic liquid crystal hosts. Induced circular dichroism spectropolarimetry and polarized light optical microscopy revealed that all three gold NPs induce chiral nematic phases, and that those synthesized in the presence of a chiral bias (disulfide) are more powerful chiral inducers than those where the NP was formed in the absence of a chiral bias (prepared by conjugation of a chiral silane to preformed NPs). Helical pitch data here visually show a clear dependence on the NP size and the number of chiral ligands bound to the NP surface, thereby supporting earlier experimental and theoretical data that smaller metal NPs made in the presence of a chiral bias are stronger chiral inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Kurashige W, Niihori Y, Sharma S, Negishi Y. Recent Progress in the Functionalization Methods of Thiolate-Protected Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4134-42. [PMID: 26278945 DOI: 10.1021/jz501941p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that exhibit both stability and functionality are currently considered to hold great promise as components of nanotechnology devices. Thiolate-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m) have long attracted attention as functional nanomaterials. Magic Aun(SR)m clusters are an especially stable group of thiolate-protected clusters that have particularly high potential as functional materials. Although numerous application experiments have been conducted for magic Aun(SR)m clusters, it is important that functionalization methods are also established to allow for effective utilization of these materials. The results of recent research on heteroatom doping and the use of other chalcogenide ligands strongly suggest that these strategies are promising as functionalization methods of magic Aun(SR)m clusters. In this Perspective, we focus on studies relating to three representative types of magic clusters-Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, and Au144(SR)60-and discuss the recent progress and future issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kurashige
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sachil Sharma
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- ‡Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- #Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Song Y, Zhong J, Yang S, Wang S, Cao T, Zhang J, Li P, Hu D, Pei Y, Zhu M. Crystal structure of Au₂₅(SePh)₁₈ nanoclusters and insights into their electronic, optical and catalytic properties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13977-85. [PMID: 25317911 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04631e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of selenolate-capped Au25(SePh)18(-) nanoclusters has been unambiguously determined for the first time, and provides a solid basis for a deeper understanding of the structure-property relationships. The selenolate-capped Au25 cluster shows noticeable differences from the previously reported Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18(-) counterpart, albeit both share the icosahedral Au13 core and semi-ring Au2(SeR)3 or Au2(SR)3 motifs. Distinct differences in the electronic structure and optical, catalytic and electrochemical properties are revealed by the coupling experiments with density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Overall, the successful determination of the Au25(SePh)18(-) structure removes any ambiguity about its structure, and comparison with the thiolated Au25 counterpart helps us to further understand how the ligands affect the properties of the nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, China.
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Niihori Y, Matsuzaki M, Uchida C, Negishi Y. Advanced use of high-performance liquid chromatography for synthesis of controlled metal clusters. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7889-7896. [PMID: 24838757 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because the synthesis of metal clusters with multiple ligand types results in a distribution of ligands, high-resolution separation of each unique cluster from the mixture is required for precise control of the ligand composition. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with appropriate transitioning of the mobile phase composition is an extremely effective means of separating ligand combinations when working with metal clusters protected by two different types of thiolates. We report herein advanced use of this method. The studies involving Au₂₄Pd(SR₁)₁₈-x(SR₂)x and Au₂₄Pd(SR₁)₁₈-x(SeR₂)x (SR₁, SR₂ = thiolate, SeR₂ = selenolate) revealed the following. (1) In general, an increase in the difference between the polarities of the functional groups incorporated in the two types of ligands improves the separation resolution. A suitable ligand combination for separation can be predicted from the retention times of Au₂₄Pd(SR₁)₁₈ and Au₂₄Pd(SR₂)₁₈, which cause the terminal peaks in a series of peaks. (2) The use of a step-gradient program during the mobile phase substitution results in improved resolution compared to that achievable with the linear gradients applied in prior work. (3) This technique is also useful for the evaluation of the chemical compositions of metal clusters protected by two different types of ligands with similar molecular weights. These findings will provide clear design guidelines for the functionalization of metal clusters via control of the ligand composition, and will also improve our understanding of the high-resolution isolation of metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Das A, Li T, Li G, Nobusada K, Zeng C, Rosi NL, Jin R. Crystal structure and electronic properties of a thiolate-protected Au24 nanocluster. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6458-62. [PMID: 24817094 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solving the total structures of gold nanoclusters is of critical importance for understanding their electronic, optical and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the X-ray structure of a charge-neutral Au24(SCH2Ph-(t)Bu)20 nanocluster. This structure features a bi-tetrahedral Au8 kernel protected by four tetrameric staple-like motifs. Electronic structure analysis is further carried out and the optical absorption spectrum is interpreted. The Au24(SCH2Ph-(t)Bu)20, Au23(S-c-C6H11)16 and Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 nanoclusters constitute the first crystallographically characterized "trio".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Kurashige W, Yamazoe S, Yamaguchi M, Nishido K, Nobusada K, Tsukuda T, Negishi Y. Au25 Clusters Containing Unoxidized Tellurolates in the Ligand Shell. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2072-2076. [PMID: 26270495 DOI: 10.1021/jz500901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and characterization of Au25 clusters containing tellurolates (TePh) in the ligand shell ([Au25(TePh)n(SC8H17)18-n](-); n = 1-18). [Au25(TePh)n(SC8H17)18-n](-) clusters were synthesized by reacting [Au25(SC8H17)18](-) with diphenyl ditelluride ((PhTe)2) in solution. Characterization of the products by mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that the tellurolates in [Au25(TePh)n(SC8H17)18-n](-), unlike those in tellurolate-protected gold nanoparticles, were not oxidized. Various experiments on the products and theoretical calculations on related clusters revealed that protection by the tellurolates distorts (expands) the central Au13 core and decreases the HOMO-LUMO gap of the Au25 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kurashige
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- §Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamaguchi
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishido
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nobusada
- §Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- §Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- #Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Abstract
Over recent years, research on thiolate-protected gold clusters Au(m)(SR)n has gained significant interest. Milestones were the successful determination of a series of crystal structures (Au102(SR)44, Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, Au36(SR)24, and Au28(SR)20). For Au102(SR)44, Au38(SR)24, and Au28(SR)20, intrinsic chirality was found. Strong Cotton effects (circular dichroism, CD) of gold clusters protected by chiral ligands have been reported a long time ago, indicating the transfer of chiral information from the ligand into the cluster core. Our lab has done extensive studies on chiral thiolate-protected gold clusters, including those protected with chiral ligands. We demonstrated that vibrational circular dichroism can serve as a useful tool for the determination of conformation of the ligand on the surface of the cluster. The first reports on crystal structures of Au102(SR)44 and Au38(SR)24 revealed the intrinsic chirality of these clusters. Their chirality mainly arises from the arrangement of the ligands on the surface of the cluster cores. As achiral ligands are used to stabilize the clusters, racemic mixtures are obtained. However, the separation of the enantiomers by HPLC was demonstrated which enabled the measurement of their CD spectra. Thermally induced inversion allows determination of the activation parameters for their racemization. The inversion demonstrates that the gold-thiolate interface is anything but fixed; in contrast, it is rather flexible. This result is of fundamental interest and needs to be considered in future applications. A second line of our research is the selective introduction of chiral, bidentate ligands into the ligand layer of intrinsically chiral gold clusters. The ligand exchange reaction is highly diastereoselective. The bidentate ligand connects two of the protecting units on the cluster surface and thus effectively stabilizes the cluster against thermally induced inversion. A minor (but significant) influence of chiral ligands to the CD spectra of the clusters is observed. The studied system represents the first example of an intrinsically chiral gold cluster with a defined number of exchanged ligands, full control over their regio- and stereochemistry. The methodology allows for the selective preparation of mixed-ligand cluster compounds and a thorough investigation of the influence of single ligands on the cluster's properties. Overall, the method enables even more detailed tailoring of properties. Still, central questions remain unanswered: (1) Is intrinsic chirality a ubiquitous feature of thiolate-protected gold clusters? (2) How does chirality transfer work? (3) What are the applications for chiral thiolate-protected gold clusters? In this Account, we summarize the main findings on chirality in thiolate-protected gold cluster of the past half decade. Emphasis is put on intrinsically chiral clusters and their structures, optical activity, and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Département de Chimie
Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie
Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Song Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Kang X, Chen S, Li P, Sheng H, Zhu M. Crystal Structure of Selenolate-Protected Au24(SeR)20 Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2963-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4131142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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Wang S, Meng X, Das A, Li T, Song Y, Cao T, Zhu X, Zhu M, Jin R. A 200-fold quantum yield boost in the photoluminescence of silver-doped Ag(x)Au(25-x) nanoclusters: the 13th silver atom matters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2376-80. [PMID: 24474712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rod-shaped Au25 nanocluster possesses a low photoluminescence quantum yield (QY=0.1%) and hence is not of practical use in bioimaging and related applications. Herein, we show that substituting silver atoms for gold in the 25-atom matrix can drastically enhance the photoluminescence. The obtained Ag(x)Au(25-x) (x=1-13) nanoclusters exhibit high quantum yield (QY=40.1%), which is in striking contrast with the normally weakly luminescent Ag(x)Au(25-x) species (x=1-12, QY=0.21%). X-ray crystallography further determines the substitution sites of Ag atoms in the Ag(x)Au(25-x) cluster through partial occupancy analysis, which provides further insight into the mechanism of photoluminescence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601 (China)
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49
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Wang S, Meng X, Das A, Li T, Song Y, Cao T, Zhu X, Zhu M, Jin R. A 200-fold Quantum Yield Boost in the Photoluminescence of Silver-Doped AgxAu25−xNanoclusters: The 13 th Silver Atom Matters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Romashov LV, Ananikov VP. Self-assembled selenium monolayers: from nanotechnology to materials science and adaptive catalysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:17640-60. [PMID: 24288138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of selenium have emerged into a rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several promising opportunities in materials chemistry and catalysis. Comparison between sulfur-based self-assembled monolayers and newly developed selenium-based monolayers reveal outstanding complimentary features on surface chemistry and highlighted the key role of the headgroup element. Diverse structural properties and reactivity of organosulfur and organoselenium groups on the surface provide flexible frameworks to create new generations of materials and adaptive catalysts with unprecedented selectivity. Important practical utility of adaptive catalytic systems deals with development of sustainable technologies and industrial processes based on natural resources. Independent development of nanotechnology, materials science and catalysis has led to the discovery of common fundamental principles of the surface chemistry of chalcogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Romashov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991 (Russia)
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