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Kang J, Yeong Kim S, Hee Jo H, Zong K. Triflic Acid-Assisted Regioselective Bromination of Quinoxaline Derivatives Enables a Facile Synthesis of Polymer PTQ10. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400216. [PMID: 38627218 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Poly[(thiophene)-alt-(6,7-difluoro-2(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)] (PTQ10) emerges as a promising candidate for donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its high efficiency, simplified synthesis, and cost-effectiveness. The acceptor unit of PTQ10 is derived from the alkylation of 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol, emphasizing the importance of its economical synthesis for commercial viability. This study investigates triflic acid-assisted regioselective bromination of quinoxaline derivatives and proposes an alternative synthetic pathway for PTQ10. The developed route benefits from concise synthetic steps, a dependable procedure, and high overall yield. Starting with the condensation of 4,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-diamine with ethyl oxoacetate to yield 6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol, subsequent triflic acid-assisted regioselective bromination produces 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol in high yield. Alkylation under Mitsunobu reaction conditions yields 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline, followed by polymerization with 2,5-distannylated thiophene under Stille reaction conditions to afford PTQ10. This research provides insights into efficient synthetic strategies for PTQ10, advancing its potential for commercial application in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmo Kang
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Jo
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyukwan Zong
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chan WN, Harrison RG. Separation of perfluoroalkyl substances by ion chromatography with a resorcinarene stationary phase. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ning Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
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3
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Castillo-Aguirre A, Esteso MA, Maldonado M. Resorcin[4]arenes: Generalities and Their Role in the Modification and Detection of Amino Acids. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200510232141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics and properties that enable resorcin[4]arenes to self-assemble
in order to form derivatives with amino acids with a high potential for application in various
fields are reviewed. In particular, resorcin[4]arene synthesis, their characteristics, the
variety in the size of cavity, their functional groups, and their applications associated with
molecular interactions are described in this study. Also, the types of amino acids that can
be recognized by resorcin[4]arenes, their interactions, the techniques that allow the determination
of the association constants, and the evaluation of the stoichiometry of the complex
formed, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alver Castillo-Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Colombia-Bogota Headquarters, 30 No. 45-03 Carrera, Colombia
| | - Miguel Angel Esteso
- Universidad Catolica Santa Teresa de Jesus de Avila. Calle los Canteros s/n. 05005 Avila, Spain
| | - Mauricio Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Colombia-Bogota Headquarters, 30 No. 45-03 Carrera, Colombia
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4
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Chan WN, Warren JP, Krieger SP, Vestal BL, Harrison RG. Separation and preconcentration of perrhenate from ionic solutions by ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461588. [PMID: 33032035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Technetium poses an environmental hazard because of its radioactivity and long half-life. It exists in the form of pertechnetate in the environment and can be modeled by the nonradioactive ion perrhenate, since pertechnetate and perrhenate have the same geometry and similar chemical properties. In this research, a new zinc cyclen resorcinarene cavitand (ZCR) column was used in ion chromatography (IC) to efficiently separate perrhenate. Ion chromatography has the advantage of requiring almost no sample preparation for water samples. The ZCR column demonstrated the ability to separate anions: fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, perchlorate, and perrhenate by gradient 2-60 mM NaOH. Unlike other columns, the new column material was selective in retaining perrhenate. The ZCR column also gave a linear range from 2.0 to 1000 mg L-1 for perrhenate with R2 > 0.997. There was a logarithmic relationship between the concentration of perrhenate and its retention time. Excellent perrhenate recovery was achieved on the ZCR column when river water was spiked with perrhenate and perrhenate was preconcentrated. The efficient separations of perrhenate by the ZCR column will potentially assist in pertechnetate separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ning Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Jacob P Warren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Spencer P Krieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Benjamin L Vestal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Roger G Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States.
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5
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Prabhakaran P, Rajakumar P. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of spiropyrrolidine-oxindole and bis-spiropyrrolizidine-oxindole grafted macrocycles through [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10263-10276. [PMID: 35498613 PMCID: PMC9050375 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient method for the regioselective macrocyclization of triazole bridged spiropyrrolidine-oxindole, and bis-spiropyrrolizidine-oxindole derivatives was accomplished through intra and self-intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The chalcone isatin precursors 9a-i required for the click reaction were obtained from the reaction of N-alkylazidoisatin 4 and propargyloxy chalcone 8a-i which in turn were obtained by the aldol condensation of propargyloxy salicylaldehyde 6 and substituted methyl ketones 7a-i. The regio- and stereochemical outcome of the cycloadducts were assigned based on 2D NMR and confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. High efficiency, mild reaction conditions, high regio- and stereoselectivity, atom economy and operational simplicity are the exemplary advantages of the employed macrocyclization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Prabhakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai-600 025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai-600 025 Tamil Nadu India
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6
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Panahi T, Anderson HL, Castro KI, Lamb JD, Harrison RG. Distinguishing amines with an amino acid appended resorcinarene-based cavitand. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1692138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Panahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Holly L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Karla I. Castro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - John D. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Roger G. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Güney M, Lalisse RF, Hopf RG, Gallucci J, Moore C, Xie H, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Multivalent C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl/Br−C Interactions Directing the Resolution of Dynamic and Twisted Capsules. Chemistry 2019; 25:13124-13130. [PMID: 31282022 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Murat Güney
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art Faculty Agri Ibrahim Çeçen University Agri Turkey
| | - Remy F. Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Ryan G. Hopf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Judith Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Curtis Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
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8
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Zhang PM, Li YW, Zhou J, Gan LL, Chen YJ, Gan ZJ, Yu Y. A One-pot Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxyquinoxaline and 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline Derivatives Using Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Yao-Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Lin-Ling Gan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Zong-Jie Gan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 China
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9
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Hanauer T, Hopkinson RJ, Patel K, Li Y, Correddu D, Kawamura A, Sarojini V, Leung IKH, Gruber T. Selective recognition of the di/trimethylammonium motif by an artificial carboxycalixarene receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1100-1105. [PMID: 28091667 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Chemical tools that recognise post-translational modifications have promising applications in biochemistry and in therapy. We report a simple carboxycalixarene that selectively binds molecules containing di/trimethylammonium moieties in isolation, in cell lysates and when incorporated in histone peptides. Our findings reveal the potential of using carboxycalixarene-based receptors to study epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hanauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, Freiberg, Sachsen, Germany.
| | - Richard J Hopkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kamal Patel
- School of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Danilo Correddu
- School of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Tobias Gruber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, Freiberg, Sachsen, Germany.
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10
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Panahi T, Weaver DJ, Lamb JD, Harrison RG. A new approach for trace analysis of guanidine compounds in surface water with resorcinarene-based ion chromatography columns. Analyst 2017; 141:939-46. [PMID: 26649362 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trace levels of pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface water and may pose a health risk to humans and other organisms. New chromatographic materials will help identify and quantify these contaminants. We introduce a new ion chromatographic (IC) material designed to separate cationic pharmaceuticals and report its ability to separate a group of guanidine compounds. Guanidine moieties are strongly basic and protonated under acid conditions, and therefore can potentially be separated on the newly designed stationary phase and detected by ion exchange chromatography. The new column packing material is based on glutamic acids bonded to resorcinarene moieties that in turn are bound to divinylbenzene macroporous resin. Detection limits in the range of 5-30 μg L(-1) were achieved using integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD) for guanidine (G), methylguanidine (MG), 1,1-dimethylbiguanide (DMG), agmatine (AGM), guanidinobenzoic acid (GBA) and cimetidine (CIM). Suppressed conductivity (CD) and UV-vis detection resulted in limits of detection similar to IPAD, in the range of 2-66 μg L(-1), but were not able to detect all of the analytes. Three water sources, river, lake, and marsh, were analyzed and despite matrix effects, sensitivity for guanidine compounds was in the 100 μg L(-1) range and apparent recoveries were 80-96%. The peak area precision was 0.01-2.89% for IPAD, CD and UV-vis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Panahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
| | - Douglas J Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
| | - John D Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
| | - Roger G Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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11
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Puglisi R, Ballistreri FP, Gangemi CMA, Toscano RM, Tomaselli GA, Pappalardo A, Sfrazzetto GT. Chiral Zn–salen complexes: a new class of fluorescent receptors for enantiodiscrimination of chiral amines. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient enantiomeric discrimination of chiral amines by fluorescent Zn–salen receptors is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- Catania
- Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania
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12
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Jung SH, Kim KY, Ahn A, Choi MY, Jaworski J, Jung JH. Determining Chiral Configuration of Diamines via Contact Angle Measurements on Enantioselective Alanine-Appended Benzene-Tricarboxamide Gelators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14102-14108. [PMID: 27187717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques exist that may discern between enantiomers and assess chiral purity. A nonspectroscopic approach that may be directly observed could provide numerous benefits. Using chiral alanine-appended benzene-tricarboxamide gelators, we reveal a methanol gel system that is capable of providing visual discrimination between enantiomers of various diamines. Specifically, gelation is induced by supramolecular nanofiber assembly resulting from interaction between a chiral gelator and a diamine of opposing chirality (i.e., a heterochiral system). Upon further implementing the chiral gelator in electrospun fibers as solid state films, we revealed enantioselective surface wetting properties that allowed for determining chirality through contact angle measurements. While these two approaches of observable gelation and surface wetting offer nonspectroscopic approaches, we also find that the supramolecular nanofiber assembly was able to enhance the induced circular dichroism signal resulting from addition of chiral diamines, allowing precise quantification of their enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Chemical Engineering, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jung SH, Kim KY, Ahn A, Lee SS, Choi MY, Jaworski J, Jung JH. NMR detection of chirality and enantiopurity of amines by using benzene tricarboxamide-based hydrogelators as chiral solvating agents. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of gelator 1D as a means for NMR-based determination of the enantiopurity and chirality of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
| | - Ahreum Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of National Sciences
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju
- Korea
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14
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Hermann K, Pratumyot Y, Polen S, Hardin AM, Dalkilic E, Dastan A, Badjić JD. Twisted baskets. Chemistry 2015; 21:3550-5. [PMID: 25604262 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A preparative procedure for obtaining a pair of twisted molecular baskets, each comprising a chiral framework with either right ((P)-1syn) or left ((M)-1syn) sense of twist and six ester groups at the rim has been developed and optimized. The racemic (P/M)-1syn can be obtained in three synthetic steps from accessible starting materials. The resolution of (P/M)-1syn is accomplished by its transesterification with (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol in the presence of a Ti(IV) catalyst to give diastereomeric 8(P) and 8(M). It was found that dendritic-like cavitands 8(P) and 8(M), in CD2Cl2, undergo self-inclusion ((1)H NMR spectroscopy) with a menthol moiety occupying the cavity of each host. Importantly, the degree of inclusion of the menthol group was ((1)H NMR spectroscopy) found to be greater in the case of 8(P) than 8(M). Accordingly, it is suggested that different folding characteristic of 8(P) and 8(M) ought to affect the physicochemical characteristics of the hosts to permit their effective separation by column chromatography. The absolute configuration of 8(P)/8(M), encompassing right- and left-handed "cups", was determined with the exciton chirality method and also verified in silico (DFT: B3LYP/TZVP). Finally, the twisted baskets are strongly fluorescent due to three naphthalene chromophores, having a high fluorescence quantum yield within the rigid framework of 8(P)/8(M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue (USA)
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15
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Panahi T, Weaver DJ, Lamb JD, Harrison RG. Separation of uremic toxins from urine with resorcinarene-based ion chromatography columns. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1376:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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18
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Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F. Chiral NMR Solvating Additives for Differentiation of Enantiomers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:69-131. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Li N, Allen LJ, Harrison RG, Lamb JD. Transition metal cation separations with a resorcinarene-based amino acid stationary phase. Analyst 2013; 138:1467-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36562f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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