1
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Prause A, Hechenbichler M, von Lospichl B, Feoktystov A, Schweins R, Mahmoudi N, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Aggregation Behavior of Nonsymmetrically End-Capped Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions: Between Polymer Coils and Micellar States. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prause
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Hechenbichler
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin von Lospichl
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue−Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - André Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Petersen H, Ballmann M, Krause N, Weberskirch R. Gold(I) NHC Catalysts Immobilized to Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: A Versatile Approach to Micellar Gold Catalysis in Water. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Petersen
- TU Dortmund University: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chem. Biologie Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
| | - Monika Ballmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chem. Biologie Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
| | - Norbert Krause
- TU Dortmund University: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chem. Biologie Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
| | - Ralf Weberskirch
- Dortmund University of Technology Fakultät Chemie und Chem. Biologie , organic chemistry Otto-Hahn-Str. 6Room: C2-04-702 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
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3
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Pang B, Liu R, Han G, Wang W, Zhang W. The synthesis of thermoresponsive POSS-based eight-arm star poly( N-isopropylacrylamide): A comparison between Z-RAFT and R-RAFT strategies. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Z-Type POSS-based eight-arm star poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), POSS-(PNIPAM)8-Z, is synthesized and demonstrated to be a thermoresponsive switchable emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials
- Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 100123
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Langfang Normal University
- Langfang
- China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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4
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Poly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide), a thermoresponsive non-ionic polymer combining the amide and the ethyleneglycolether motifs. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide) (PbMOEAm) featuring two classical chemical motifs from non-ionic water-soluble polymers, namely, the amide and ethyleneglycolether moieties, was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This tertiary polyacrylamide is thermoresponsive exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)–type phase transition. A series of homo- and block copolymers with varying molar masses but low dispersities and different end groups were prepared. Their thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solution was analyzed via turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cloud points (CP) increased with increasing molar masses, converging to 46 °C for 1 wt% solutions. This rise is attributed to the polymers’ hydrophobic end groups incorporated via the RAFT agents. When a surfactant-like strongly hydrophobic end group was attached using a functional RAFT agent, CP was lowered to 42 °C, i.e., closer to human body temperature. Also, the effect of added salts, in particular, the role of the Hofmeister series, on the phase transition of PbMOEAm was investigated, exemplified for the kosmotropic fluoride, intermediate chloride, and chaotropic thiocyanate anions. A pronounced shift of the cloud point of about 10 °C to lower or higher temperatures was observed for 0.2 M fluoride and thiocyanate, respectively. When PbMOEAm was attached to a long hydrophilic block of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm), the cloud points of these block copolymers were strongly shifted towards higher temperatures. While no phase transition was observed for PDMAm-b-pbMOEAm with short thermoresponsive blocks, block copolymers with about equally sized PbMOEAm and PDMAm blocks underwent the coil-to-globule transition around 60 °C.
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5
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Jiang K, Han S, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Chen M. Photoorganocatalyzed Reversible-Deactivation Alternating Copolymerization of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ethers under Ambient Conditions: Facile Access to Main-Chain Fluorinated Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7108-7115. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
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6
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Castro-Hernández A, Cortez-Lemus NA. Thermo/pH Responsive Star and Linear Copolymers Containing a Cholic Acid-Derived Monomer, N-Isopropylacrylamide and Acrylic Acid: Synthesis and Solution Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1859. [PMID: 31717987 PMCID: PMC6918292 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work three CTAs trithiocarbonate-type were synthesized-bifunctional (with PEG), trifunctional (with glycerol), and tetrafunctional (PERT)-and used in the controlled polymerization of 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl cholate (CAE) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting macroCTAs containing a cholic acid-derived polymer were chain extended with N-isopropylacrylamide with or without acrylic acid. The thermosensitive and/or pH properties of these copolymers were studied in PBS solutions. The copolymers synthesized without poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were unstable above the transition temperature. Similar behavior was observed for the copolymer solutions containing PAAc (2% in feed) at lower values of pH showing a faster precipitation above the LCST. On the contrary, copolymer solutions containing PAAc showed great stability at higher pH values for a longer time period at 37 °C. Interestingly, the Dh of the aggregates ranged from 18 to 30 nm in all copolymers (with or without PAAc) below the transition temperature, although the topology and the block sequence in the chain were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma Aidé Cortez-Lemus
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, A. P. 1166. Tijuana C.P. 22000, B. C., Mexico;
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7
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Snyder SR, Wei W, Xiong H, Wesdemiotis C. Sequencing of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Copolymers by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071118. [PMID: 31266225 PMCID: PMC6680698 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyether based side-chain liquid crystalline (SCLC) copolymers with distinct microstructures were prepared using living anionic polymerization techniques. The composition, end groups, purity, and sequence of the resulting copolymers were elucidated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MALDI-MS analysis confirmed the presence of (CH3)3CO– and –H end groups at the initiating (α) and terminating (ω) chain end, respectively, and allowed determination of the molecular weight distribution and comonomer content of the copolymers. The comonomer positions along the polymer chain were identified by MS/MS, from the fragments formed via C–O and C–C bond cleavages in the polyether backbone. Random and block architectures could readily be distinguished by the contiguous fragment series formed in these reactions. Notably, backbone C–C bond scission was promoted by a radical formed via initial C–O bond cleavage in the mesogenic side chain. This result documents the ability of a properly substituted side chain to induce sequence indicative bond cleavages in the polyether backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huiming Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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8
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Noy JM, Cao C, Stenzel M. Length of the Stabilizing Zwitterionic Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorycholine) Block Influences the Activity of the Conjugated Arsenic Drug in Drug-Directed Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Particles. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:57-63. [PMID: 35619410 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorycholine-co-PENAO)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles which carry different chain lengths of zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorycholine (MPC) on a nanoparticle surface. The particles, 30-40 nm in size, were readily obtained by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of the corresponding arsenic-based MPC polymers as the stabilizer block and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as the core-forming block. Zwitterionic nanoparticles are ideal candidates for protein-repellent materials. Herein, we show how the decrease of zwitterionic chain lengths tunes the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the organoarsenical anticancer drug PENAO (4-(N-(S-penicillaminylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid). More cytotoxic (5-fold) nanoparticles were obtained when the MPC chain lengths were condensed from 37 to 13 repeating units. To gain a better understanding of the behavior of the drug-directed PISA particles, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were conducted, evidencing that having PENAO located in the hydrophilic building block indeed influences the physiochemical micelle structure in terms of core radius (rcore), SLD, shell thickness, and aggregation number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina-Miriam Noy
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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9
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Cornel EJ, van Meurs S, Smith T, O’Hora PS, Armes SP. In Situ Spectroscopic Studies of Highly Transparent Nanoparticle Dispersions Enable Assessment of Trithiocarbonate Chain-End Fidelity during RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Nonpolar Media. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12980-12988. [PMID: 30252464 PMCID: PMC6187374 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of highly transparent poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PTFEMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in nonpolar media at 70 °C. This was achieved by chain-extending a PSMA precursor block via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of TFEMA in n-tetradecane. This n-alkane has the same refractive index as the PTFEMA core-forming block at 70 °C, which ensures high light transmittance when targeting 33 nm spherical nanoparticles. Such isorefractivity enables visible absorption spectra to be recorded with minimal light scattering even at 30% w/w solids. However, in situ monitoring of the trithiocarbonate RAFT end-groups during PISA requires selection of a weak n → π* band at 446 nm. Conversion of TFEMA into PTFEMA causes a contraction in the reaction solution volume, leading to an initial increase in absorbance that enables the kinetics of polymerization to be monitored via dilatometry. At ∼98% TFEMA conversion, this 446 nm band remains constant for 2 h at 70 °C, indicating surprisingly high RAFT chain-end fidelity (and hence pseudoliving character) under monomer-starved conditions. In situ 19F NMR spectroscopy studies provide evidence for (i) the onset of micellar nucleation, (ii) solvation of the nanoparticle cores by TFEMA monomer, and (iii) surface plasticization of the nanoparticle cores by n-tetradecane at 70 °C. Finally, the kinetics of RAFT chain-end removal can be conveniently monitored by in situ visible absorption spectroscopy: addition of excess initiator at 70 °C causes complete discoloration of the dispersion, with small-angle X-ray scattering studies confirming no change in nanoparticle morphology under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Cornel
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra van Meurs
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol
Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. O’Hora
- Lubrizol
Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhong Q, Mi L, Metwalli E, Bießmann L, Philipp M, Miasnikova A, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM, Cubitt R, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Wang J, Müller-Buschbaum P. Effect of chain architecture on the swelling and thermal response of star-shaped thermo-responsive (poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene) 3 block copolymer films. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6582-6594. [PMID: 30052259 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chain architecture on the swelling and thermal response of thin films obtained from an amphiphilic three-arm star-shaped thermo-responsive block copolymer poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene ((PMDEGA-b-PS)3) is investigated by in situ neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. The PMDEGA and PS blocks are micro-phase separated with randomly distributed PS nanodomains. The (PMDEGA-b-PS)3 films show a transition temperature (TT) at 33 °C in white light interferometry. The swelling capability of the (PMDEGA-b-PS)3 films in a D2O vapor atmosphere is better than that of films from linear PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS triblock copolymers, which can be attributed to the hydrophilic end groups and limited size of the PS blocks in (PMDEGA-b-PS)3. However, the swelling kinetics of the as-prepared (PMDEGA-b-PS)3 films and the response of the swollen film to a temperature change above the TT are significantly slower than that in the PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films, which may be related to the conformation restriction by the star-shape. Unlike in the PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films, the amount of residual D2O in the collapsed (PMDEGA-b-PS)3 films depends on the final temperature. It decreases from (9.7 ± 0.3)% to (7.0 ± 0.3)% or (6.0 ± 0.3)% when the final temperatures are set to 35 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively. This temperature-dependent reduction of embedded D2O originates from the hindrance of chain conformation from the star-shaped chain architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China. and Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Lei Mi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martine Philipp
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Anna Miasnikova
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andre Laschewsky
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany and Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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11
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Hildebrandt H, Paloheimo O, Mäntylä E, Willman S, Hakanen S, Albrecht K, Groll J, Möller M, Vihinen-Ranta M. Reactive Self-Assembly and Specific Cellular Delivery of NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)-Derived Nanogels. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800094. [PMID: 29974620 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the reactive self-assembly of isocyanate functional and amphiphilic six-arm, star-shaped polyether prepolymers in water into nanogels. Intrinsic molecular amphiphilicity, mainly driven by the isophorone moiety at the distal endings of the star-shaped molecules, allows for the preparation of spherical particles with an adjustable size of 100-200 nm by self-assembly and subsequent covalent cross-linking without the need for organic solvents or surfactants. Covalent attachment of a fluorescence dye and either the cell-penetrating TAT peptide or a random control peptide sequence shows that only TAT-labeled nanogels are internalized by HeLa cells. The nanogels thus specifically enter the cells and accumulate in the perinuclear area in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haika Hildebrandt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50,, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Outi Paloheimo
- BioMediTech Department, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1,, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Survontie 9,, FI-40500, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sami Willman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Survontie 9,, FI-40500, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Satu Hakanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Survontie 9,, FI-40500, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2,, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2,, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50,, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Survontie 9,, FI-40500, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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12
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Mellot G, Beaunier P, Guigner JM, Bouteiller L, Rieger J, Stoffelbach F. Beyond Simple AB Diblock Copolymers: Application of Bifunctional and Trifunctional RAFT Agents to PISA in Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800315. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Mellot
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR 8232; Equipe chimie des polymères; F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Patricia Beaunier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface; UMR 7197 F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut de Minéralogie; de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie; UMR 7590 - IRD - MNHN F-75005 Paris France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR 8232; Equipe chimie des polymères; F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR 8232; Equipe chimie des polymères; F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR 8232; Equipe chimie des polymères; F-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
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13
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Biais P, Beaunier P, Stoffelbach F, Rieger J. Loop-stabilized BAB triblock copolymer morphologies by PISA in water. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of BAB triblock copolymers are prepared by PISA via aqueous RAFT dispersion polymerization. The importance of charges in the middle of the hydrophilic stabilizer loops is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Biais
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Patricia Beaunier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 7197
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
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14
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Cao M, Han G, Duan W, Zhang W. Synthesis of multi-arm star thermo-responsive polymers and topology effects on phase transition. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear and star thermo-responsive polymers of poly(N-acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) [(PNASME)n] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [(PNIPAM)n] with arm number n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 were synthesized following a core-first method via solution RAFT polymerization employing a series of mono- and multi-functional chain transfer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials
- Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 100123
- China
| | - Wenfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials
- Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 100123
- China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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15
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Malo de Molina P, Gradzielski M. Gels Obtained by Colloidal Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Molecules. Gels 2017; 3:E30. [PMID: 30920526 PMCID: PMC6318676 DOI: 10.3390/gels3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelation in water-based systems can be achieved in many different ways. This review focusses on ways that are based on self-assembly, i.e., a bottom-up approach. Self-assembly naturally requires amphiphilic molecules and accordingly the systems described here are based on surfactants and to some extent also on amphiphilic copolymers. In this review we are interested in cases of low and moderate concentrations of amphiphilic material employed to form hydrogels. Self-assembly allows for various approaches to achieve gelation. One of them is via increasing the effective volume fraction by encapsulating solvent, as in vesicles. Vesicles can be constructed in various morphologies and the different cases are discussed here. However, also the formation of very elongated worm-like micelles can lead to gelation, provided the structural relaxation times of these systems is long enough. Alternatively, one may employ amphiphilic copolymers of hydrophobically modified water soluble polymers that allow for network formation in solution by self-assembly due to having several hydrophobic modifications per polymer. Finally, one may combine such polymers with surfactant self-assemblies and thereby produce interconnected hybrid network systems with corresponding gel-like properties. As seen here there is a number of conceptually different approaches to achieve gelation by self-assembly and they may even become combined for further variation of the properties. These different approaches are described in this review to yield a comprehensive overview regarding the options for achieving gel formation by self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institut für Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie-Stranski Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Qu Y, Chang X, Chen S, Zhang W. In situ synthesis of thermoresponsive 4-arm star block copolymer nano-assemblies by dispersion RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive 4-arm star block copolymer nano-assemblies were synthesized, and their interesting thermoresponse was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xueying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Shengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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17
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Dao VH, Cameron NR, Saito K. Synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight ABA triblock copolymers via aqueous RAFT-mediated gel polymerisation, end group modification and chain coupling. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01410d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ultra-high molecular weight ABA triblock copolymers were synthesised using aqueous RAFT polymerisation, end-group modification and chain coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu H. Dao
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- School of Engineering
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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18
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Herfurth C, Laschewsky A, Noirez L, von Lospichl B, Gradzielski M. Thermoresponsive (star) block copolymers from one-pot sequential RAFT polymerizations and their self-assembly in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Truong NP, Wilson P, Kempe K, Burns JA, Davis TP, Haddleton DM. Well-Defined PDMAEA Stars via Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Paul Wilson
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - James A. Burns
- Formulation Technology Group, Jealotts Hill international Research
Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
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20
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Ren Y, Wei Z, Leng X, Wu T, Bian Y, Li Y. Relationships between Architectures and Properties of Highly Branched Polymers: The Cases of Amorphous Poly(trimethylene carbonate) and Crystalline Poly(ε-caprolactone). J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4078-90. [PMID: 27064385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly branched polymers (HBPs) are a special class of functional polymeric materials and possess unique properties due to their unique topological structure. A new series of highly branched linear-comb and star-comb amorphous poly(trimethylene carbonate)s (PTMC) and crystalline poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCL) with well-defined structure and high molecular weight were first synthesized using hydroxylated polybutadiene (HPB) as macroinitiators by simple "one-step" and "graft from" strategies. It is expected that the impact of long-chain, highly branched architecture on the properties of amorphous and crystalline polymers, respectively, is different. We explored systematically for the first time the effect and comparison of branched architectures on the physical and chemical properties of highly branched PTMCs and PCLs, including the intrinsic viscosity, glass transition, thermal degradation, creep property, rheological property, and crystallization and melting behaviors. It is found that the intrinsic viscosities in solution for both comb-branched PTMCs and PCLs were much lower compared with their linear and star counterparts arise from more compact structure and smaller hydrodynamic volumes. For amorphous PTMC, the creep strain and rate increased remarkably with degree of branching increasing due to the shorter side chains making it difficult for the highly branched molecules to entangle. For crystalline PCL, both WAXD and DSC analysis of PCLs with different topological structures indicated that the comb branched architectures have no significant influence on the crystal structure of PCL, but greatly promote the crystallization behavior, e.g., higher crystallinities. The deep understanding of structure-property relationship expects to guide the synthesis of designed functional polymer materials and the processing of polymer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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22
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Frenzel F, Folikumah MY, Schulz M, Anton AM, Binder WH, Kremer F. Molecular Dynamics and Charge Transport in Polymeric Polyisobutylene-Based Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Frenzel
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, Linnéstrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Makafui Y. Folikumah
- Institute
of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulz
- Institute
of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - A. Markus Anton
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, Linnéstrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institute
of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, Linnéstrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Belal K, Poitras-Jolicoeur S, Lyskawa J, Pembouong G, Cooke G, Woisel P, Stoffelbach F. A triple carboxylic acid-functionalized RAFT agent platform for the elaboration of well-defined telechelic 3-arm star PDMAc. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1847-50. [PMID: 26670290 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis of a triple acid-functionalized RAFT agent and its use to prepare well-defined 3-arm star polymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAc). A simple esterification reaction allowed the convenient integration of three electron-rich naphthalene recognition units on the RAFT agent platform and subsequently the elaboration of a naphthalene end-decorated telechelic 3-arm star PDMAc. This functionalized star polymer was further exploited to build a hydrogel with a complementary homoditopic host unit featuring tetracationic macrocycle cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) units.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Belal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France. and Université de Lille, ENSCL, Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - S Poitras-Jolicoeur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - J Lyskawa
- Université de Lille, ENSCL, Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - G Pembouong
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - G Cooke
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry, WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - P Woisel
- Université de Lille, ENSCL, Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - F Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, 75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Yang B, Huang Q, Liu H, Zhao Y, Du J. Hairy cylinders based on a coil-comb-coil copolymer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the preparation and possible formation mechanism of hairy cylinders self-assembled from a coil-comb-coil copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Qiutong Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
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25
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Zhou H, Liu C, Gao C, Qu Y, Shi K, Zhang W. Polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymer through dispersion RAFT polymerization in ionic liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chonggao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yaqing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Keyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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26
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Liu H, Gao C, Ding Z, Zhang W. Synthesis of Polystyrene-block
-Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Ellipsoids through Macro-RAFT-Agent-Mediated Dispersion Polymerization: The Solvent Effect on the Morphology of the In Situ Synthesized Block Copolymer Nanoobjects. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhonglin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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27
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Riemer S, Prévost S, Dzionara M, Appavou MS, Schweins R, Gradzielski M. Aggregation behaviour of hydrophobically modified polyacrylate – Variation of alkyl chain length. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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de Molina PM, Ihlefeldt FS, Prévost S, Herfurth C, Appavou MS, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Phase Behavior of Nonionic Microemulsions with Multi-end-capped Polymers and Its Relation to the Mesoscopic Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5198-5209. [PMID: 25879684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The polymer architecture of telechelic or associative polymers has a large impact on the bridging of self-assembled structures. This work presents the phase behavior, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of a nonionic oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion with hydrophobically end-capped multiarm polymers with functionalities f = 2, 3, and 4. For high polymer concentrations and large average interdroplet distance relative to the end-to-end distance of the polymer, d/R(ee), the system phase separates into a dense, highly connected droplet network phase, in equilibrium with a dilute phase. The extent of the two-phase region is larger for polymers with similar length but higher f. The interaction potential between the droplets in the presence of polymer has both a repulsive and an attractive contribution as a result of the counterbalancing effects of the exclusion by polymer chains and bridging between droplets. This study experimentally demonstrates that higher polymer functionalities induce a stronger attractive force between droplets, which is responsible for a more extended phase separation region, and correlate with lower collective droplet diffusivities and higher amplitude of the second relaxation time in DLS. The viscosity and the droplet self-diffusion obtained from FCS, however, are dominated by the end-capped chain concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Malo de Molina
- †Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Stefanie Ihlefeldt
- †Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- †Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Soft Matter Department, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Herfurth
- §Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- ∥Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- ⊥Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- §Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- ∥Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- †Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Ding Z, Gao C, Wang S, Liu H, Zhang W. Macro-RAFT agent mediated dispersion polymerization: the monomer concentration effect on the morphology of the in situ synthesized block copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The great effect of the monomer concentration on the block copolymer morphology under dispersion RAFT polymerization is found and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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30
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Shi P, Zhou H, Gao C, Wang S, Sun P, Zhang W. Macro-RAFT agent mediated dispersion copolymerization: a small amount of solvophilic co-monomer leads to a great change. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The macro-RAFT agent mediated dispersion copolymerization of two monomers is performed, and the block copolymer morphology can be easily tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Pingchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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31
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32
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Warren N, Armes SP. Polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymer nano-objects via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10174-85. [PMID: 24968281 PMCID: PMC4111214 DOI: 10.1021/ja502843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 790] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss the recent development of polymerization-induced self-assembly mediated by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization. This approach has quickly become a powerful and versatile technique for the synthesis of a wide range of bespoke organic diblock copolymer nano-objects of controllable size, morphology, and surface functionality. Given its potential scalability, such environmentally-friendly formulations are expected to offer many potential applications, such as novel Pickering emulsifiers, efficient microencapsulation vehicles, and sterilizable thermo-responsive hydrogels for the cost-effective long-term storage of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K.
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33
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Cortez-Lemus NA, Licea-Claverie A. RAFT synthesis of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) three-arm star polymers for the preparation of gold nanoparticles. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Hoffmann I, de Molina PM, Farago B, Falus P, Herfurth C, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Dynamics of microemulsions bridged with hydrophobically end-capped star polymers studied by neutron spin-echo. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:034902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Su Y, Xiao X, Li S, Dan M, Wang X, Zhang W. Precise evaluation of the block copolymer nanoparticle growth in polymerization-induced self-assembly under dispersion conditions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00995e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Stars and Blocks: Tailoring Polymeric Rheology Modifiers for Aqueous Media by Controlled Free Radical Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1148.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Chen Q, Cao X, Liu H, Zhou W, Qin L, An Z. pH-responsive high internal phase emulsions stabilized by core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Zhang M, Liu H, Shao W, Ye C, Zhao Y. Versatile Synthesis of Multiarm and Miktoarm Star Polymers with a Branched Core by Combination of Menschutkin Reaction and Controlled Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301973v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunnuan Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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39
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de Molina PM, Herfurth C, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Structure and dynamics of networks in mixtures of hydrophobically modified telechelic multiarm polymers and oil in water microemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15994-16006. [PMID: 23075139 DOI: 10.1021/la303673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structural and dynamical properties of oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions (MEs) modified with telechelic polymers of different functionality (e.g., number of hydrophobically modified arms, f) were studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and high frequency rheology measurements as a function of the polymer architecture and the amount of added polymer. For this purpose, we employed tailor-made hydrophobically end-capped poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) star polymers of a variable number of endcaps, f, of different alkyl chain lengths, synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer method. The addition of the different end-capped polymers to an uncharged ME of O/W droplets leads to a large enhancement of the viscosity of the systems. SANS experiments show that the O/W ME droplets are not changed upon the addition of the polymer, and its presence only changes the interdroplet interactions. The viscosity increases largely upon addition of a polymer, and this enhancement depends pronouncedly on the alkyl length of the hydrophobic sticker as it controls the residence time in a ME droplet. Similarly, the high frequency modulus G(0) depends on the amount of added polymer but not on the sticker length. G(0) was found to be directly proportional to f - 1. The onset of network formation is shifted to a lower number of stickers per ME droplet with increasing f, and the network formation becomes more effective. Thus, the dynamics of network formation are controlled by the polymer architecture. The effect on the dynamics seen by DLS is even more pronounced. Upon increasing the polymer concentration, slower relaxation modes appear that become especially pronounced with increasing number of arms. The relaxation dynamics are correlated to the rheological relaxation, and both are controlled by the polymer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Malo de Molina
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Ye C, Zhao G, Zhang M, Du J, Zhao Y. Precise Synthesis of ABCDE Star Quintopolymers by Combination of Controlled Polymerization and Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3015118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,
China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,
China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,
China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- School of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800
Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,
China
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41
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Zhang C, Miao M, Cao X, An Z. One-pot RAFT synthesis of core cross-linked star polymers of polyPEGMA in water by sequential homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerizations. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Bapat AP, Ray JG, Savin DA, Hoff EA, Patton DL, Sumerlin BS. Dynamic-covalent nanostructures prepared by Diels–Alder reactions of styrene-maleic anhydride-derived copolymers obtained by one-step cascade block copolymerization. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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