1
|
Pu M, Nielsen CDT, Senol E, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Post-Transition-State Dynamic Effects in the Transmetalation of Pd(II)-F to Pd(II)-CF 3. JACS AU 2024; 4:263-275. [PMID: 38274253 PMCID: PMC10806791 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The observation of post-transition-state dynamic effects in the context of metal-based transformation is rare. To date, there has been no reported case of a dynamic effect for the widely employed class of palladium-mediated coupling reactions. We performed an experimental and computational study of the trifluoromethylation of Pd(II)F, which is a key step in the Pd(0)/Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides or acid fluorides. Our experiments show that the cis/trans speciation of the formed Pd(II)CF3 is highly solvent- and transmetalation reagent-dependent. We employed GFN2-xTB- and B3LYP-D3-based molecular dynamics trajectory calculations (with and without explicit solvation) along with high-level QM calculations and found that depending on the medium, different transmetalation mechanisms appear to be operative. A statistically representative number of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that in benzene, a difluorocarbene is generated in the transmetalation with R3SiCF3, which subsequently recombines with the Pd via two distinct pathways, leading to either the cis- or trans-Pd(II)CF3. Conversely, GFN2-xTB simulations in MeCN suggest that in polar/coordinating solvents an ion-pair mechanism is dominant. A CF3 anion is initially liberated and then rebinds with the Pd(II) cation to give a cis- or trans-Pd(II). In both scenarios, a single transmetalation transition state gives rise to both cis- and trans-species directly, owing to bifurcation after the transition state. The potential subsequent cis- to trans isomerization of the Pd(II)CF3 was also studied and found to be strongly inhibited by free phosphine, which in turn was experimentally identified to be liberated through displacement by a polar/coordinating solvent from the cis-Pd(II)CF3 complex. The simulations also revealed how the variation of the Pd-coordination sphere results in divergent product selectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakano Y, Maddigan-Wyatt JT, Lupton DW. Enantioselective Catalysis by the Umpolung of Conjugate Acceptors Involving N-Heterocyclic Carbene or Organophosphine 1,4-Addition. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1190-1203. [PMID: 37093247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusConjugate acceptors are one of the most common electrophilic functional groups in organic synthesis. While useful in a diverse range of transformations, their applications are largely dominated by the reactions from which their name is derived (i.e., as an acceptor of nucleophiles in the conjugate position). In 2014, we commenced studies focused on their ability to undergo polarity inversion through the conjugate addition of Lewis base catalysts. The first step in this process provides an enolate, from which the well-developed Rauhut-Currier (RC) and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reactions can occur; however, tautomerization to provide a species in which the β-carbon of the conjugate acceptor can now act as a donor is also possible. When we commenced studies on this topic, reaction designs with this type of species, particularly when accessed using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), had been reported on only a handful of occasions. Despite a lack of development, conceptually it was felt that reactions taking advantage of polarity switching by Lewis base conjugate addition have a number of desirable features. Perhaps the most significant is the potential to reimagine a ubiquitous functional group as an entirely new synthon, namely, a donor to electrophiles from the conjugate position.Our work has focused on catalysis with both simple conjugate acceptors and also those embedded within more complicated substrates; the latter has allowed a series of cycloisomerizations and annulation reactions to be achieved. In most cases, the reactions have been possible using enantioenriched chiral NHCs or organophosphines as the Lewis base catalysts thereby delivering enantioselective approaches to novel cyclic molecules. While related chemistry can be accessed with either family of catalyst, in all cases reactions have been designed to take advantage of one or the other. In addition, a fine balance exists between reactions that exploit the initially formed enolate and those that involve the polarity-inverted β-anion. In our studies, this balance is addressed through substrate design, although catalyst control may also be possible. We consider the chemistry discussed in this Account to be in its infancy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed before our broad aim of discovering a universal approach to the polarity inversion of all conjugate acceptors can be achieved. These challenges broadly relate to chemoselectivity with substrates bearing multiple electrophilic functionalities, reliance upon the use of conjugate acceptors, and catalyst efficiency. To address these challenges, advances in catalyst design and catalyst cooperativity are likely required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakano
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Risi C, Brandolese A, Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Massi A, Bortolini O. Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202467. [PMID: 36205918 PMCID: PMC10099058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis is a by now consolidated organocatalytic platform for a number of synthetic (asymmetric) transformations via diverse reaction modes/intermediates. In addition to the typical umpolung processes involving acyl anion/homoenolate equivalent species, implementation of protocols under oxidative conditions greatly expands the possibilities of this methodology. Oxidative NHC-catalysis allows for oxidative and oxygenative transformations through specific manipulations of Breslow-type species depending upon the oxidant used (external oxidant or O2 /air), the derived NHC-bound intermediates paving the way to non-umpolung processes through activation of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. This review is intended to update the state of the art in oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions that appeared in the literature from 2014 to present, with a strong focus to crucial intermediates and their mechanistic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della PrevenzioneUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed AgrarieUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della PrevenzioneUniversità di FerraraVia L. Borsari, 4644121FerraraItaly
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Chi YR. Exploring Molecular Complexity by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: New Activation and Reaction Diversity. CHEM REC 2022:e202200219. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Huang J, Zhang L, Han J, Zhang X, Huang J, Fu Z, Huang W. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral 5-aryl 2-pyrones from enals. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
6
|
Kelty ML, McNeece AJ, Kurutz JW, Filatov AS, Anderson JS. Electrostatic vs. inductive effects in phosphine ligand donor properties and reactivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4377-4387. [PMID: 35509471 PMCID: PMC9007067 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced rates and selectivity in enzymes are enabled in part by precisely tuned electric fields within active sites. Analogously, the use of charged groups to leverage electrostatics in molecular systems is a promising strategy to tune reactivity. However, separation of the through space and through bond effects of charged functional groups is a long standing challenge that limits the rational application of electric fields in molecular systems. To address this challenge we developed a method using the phosphorus selenium coupling value (J P-Se) of anionic phosphine selenides to quantify the electrostatic contribution of the borate moiety to donor strength. In this analysis we report the synthesis of a novel anionic phosphine, PPh2CH2BF3K, the corresponding tetraphenyl phosphonium and tetraethyl ammonium selenides [PPh4][SePPh2CH2BF3] and [TEA][SePPh2CH2BF3], and the Rh carbonyl complex [PPh4][Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh2(CH2BF3))]. Solvent-dependent changes in J P-Se were fit using Coulomb's law and support up to an 80% electrostatic contribution to the increase in donor strength of [PPh4][SePPh2CH2BF3] relative to SePPh2Et, while controls with [TEA][SePPh2CH2BF3] exclude convoluting ion pairing effects. Calculations using explicit solvation or point charges effectively replicate the experimental data. This J P-Se method was extended to [PPh4][SePPh2(2-BF3Ph)] and likewise estimates up to a 70% electrostatic contribution to the increase in donor strength relative to SePPh3. The use of PPh2CH2BF3K also accelerates C-F oxidative addition reactivity with Ni(COD)2 by an order of magnitude in comparison to the comparatively donating neutral phosphines PEt3 and PCy3. This enhanced reactivity prompted the investigation of catalytic fluoroarene C-F borylation, with improved yields observed for less fluorinated arenes. These results demonstrate that covalently bound charged functionalities can exert a significant electrostatic influence under common solution phase reaction conditions and experimentally validate theoretical predictions regarding electrostatic effects in reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Kelty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 929 E 57th St Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Andrew J McNeece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 929 E 57th St Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Josh W Kurutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 929 E 57th St Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 929 E 57th St Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 929 E 57th St Chicago IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Shen F, Yang T, Zhang J, Chen R, Wang K, Liu H. Carbene‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction of Benzofuran‐2‐ones and Enals: Construction of Spirobenzofuranone‐δ‐lactones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Fumin Shen
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Nursing College Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Kai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering Xinxiang 453003 P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial Technology Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dzieszkowski K, Słotwiński M, Rafińska K, Muzioł TM, Rafiński Z. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective C2-functionalization of 3-hydroxychromenones via α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9999-10002. [PMID: 34490868 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic method for enantioselective C2-functionalization of 3-hydroxychromenones promoted by N-heterocyclic carbenes via the formation of α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates, which occurs with Coates-Claisen rearrangement is established. This synthetic strategy enabled the rapid assembly of enantiomerically enriched δ-hydroxychromenone-derived esters/amides under mild conditions with good to excellent yields and broad substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Dzieszkowski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michał Słotwiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz M Muzioł
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Triazolium Salt Organocatalysis: Mechanistic Evaluation of Unusual Ortho-Substituent Effects on Deprotonation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes is normally initiated by the deprotonation of precursor azolium ions to form active nucleophilic species. Substituent effects on deprotonation have an impact on catalytic efficiency and provide insight into general catalytic mechanisms by commonly used azolium systems. Using an NMR kinetic method for the analysis of C(3)-H/D exchange, we determined log kex–pD profiles for three ortho-substituted N-aryl triazolium salts, which enables a detailed analysis of ortho-substituent effects on deprotonation. This includes N-5-methoxypyrid-2-yl triazolium salt 7 and di-ortho-methoxy and di-ortho-isopropoxyphenyl triazolium salts 8 and 9, and we acquired additional kinetic data to supplement our previously published analysis of N-pyrid-2-yl triazolium salt 6. For 2-pyridyl triazoliums 6 and 7, novel acid catalysis of C(3)-H/D exchange is observed under acidic conditions. These kinetic data were supplemented by DFT analyses of the conformational preferences of 6 upon N-protonation. A C(3) deprotonation mechanism involving intramolecular general base deprotonation by the pyridyl nitrogen of the N(1)-deuterated dicationic triazolium salt is most consistent with the data. We also report kDO values (protofugalities) for deuteroxide-catalyzed exchange for 6–9. The protofugalities for 8 and 9 are the lowest values to date in the N-aryl triazolium series.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pareek M, Reddi Y, Sunoj RB. Tale of the Breslow intermediate, a central player in N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis: then and now. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7973-7992. [PMID: 34194690 PMCID: PMC8208132 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) belong to the popular family of organocatalysts used in a wide range of reactions, including that for the synthesis of complex natural products and biologically active compounds. In their organocatalytic manifestation, NHCs are known to impart umpolung reactivity to aldehydes and ketones, which are then exploited in the generation of homoenolate, acyl anion, and enolate equivalents suitable for a plethora of reactions such as annulation, benzoin, Stetter, Claisen rearrangement, cycloaddition, and C-C and C-H bond functionalization reactions and so on. A common thread that runs through these NHC catalyzed reactions is the proposed involvement of an enaminol, also known as the Breslow intermediate, formed by the nucleophilic addition of an NHC to a carbonyl group of a suitable electrophile. In the emerging years of NHC catalysis, enaminol remained elusive and was largely considered a putative intermediate owing to the difficulties encountered in its isolation and characterization. However, in the last decade, synergistic efforts utilizing an array of computational and experimental techniques have helped in gaining important insights into the formation and characterization of Breslow intermediates. Computational studies have suggested that a direct 1,2-proton transfer within the initial zwitterionic intermediate, generated by the action of an NHC on the carbonyl carbon, is energetically prohibitive and hence the participation of other species capable of promoting an assisted proton transfer is more likely. The proton transfer assisted by additives (such as acids, bases, other species, or even a solvent) was found to ease the kinetics of formation of Breslow intermediates. These important details on the formation, in situ detection, isolation, and characterization of the Breslow intermediate are scattered over a series of reports spanning well over a decade, and we intend to consolidate them in this review and provide a critical assessment of these developments. Given the central role of the Breslow intermediate in organocatalytic reactions, this treatise is expected to serve as a valuable source of knowledge on the same.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Liu Q, Wang K, Liu M, Han Y, Sun A, Ma X. NHC‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes with Benzyl Ketones: Direct Access to 4,5,6‐Trisubstituted Dihydropyranones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Menghan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Han
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Aili Sun
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xueji Ma
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao J, Gillard R, Jahanbakhsh A, Breugst M, Lupton DW. Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via Acyl Azolium without Exogenous Oxidants. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillard
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Azar Jahanbakhsh
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800 Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu YT, Zhang R, Duan XY, Yu HF, Sun BY, Qi J. Access to dihydropyrano[3,2- b]pyrrol-5-ones skeletons by N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3+3] annulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9854-9857. [PMID: 32840527 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient NHC-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of enals with pyrrol-4-ones was developed, thus providing the dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-one core structures with broad scope and good to excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, this strategy could also expand to the synthesis of axially chiral compounds and polysubstituted indoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dzieszkowski K, Barańska I, Mroczyńska K, Słotwiński M, Rafiński Z. Organocatalytic Name Reactions Enabled by NHCs. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163574. [PMID: 32823580 PMCID: PMC7475904 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Giving reactions the names of their discoverers is an extraordinary tradition of organic chemistry. Nowadays, this phenomenon is much rarer, although already named historical reactions are still often developed. This is also true in the case of a broad branch of N-heterocyclic carbenes catalysis. NHCs allow many unique synthetic paths, including commonly known name reactions. This article aims to gather this extensive knowledge and compare historical reactions with current developed processes. Furthermore, this review is a great opportunity to highlight some of the unique applications of these procedures in the total synthesis of biologically active compounds. Hence, this concise article may also be a source of knowledge for scientists just starting their adventure with N-heterocyclic carbene chemistry.
Collapse
|
15
|
Funes-Ardoiz I, Schoenebeck F. Established and Emerging Computational Tools to Study Homogeneous Catalysis—From Quantum Mechanics to Machine Learning. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Dzieszkowski K, Barańska I, Rafiński Z. Construction of Dihydropyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine Scaffolds via Aza-Claisen Rearrangement Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6645-6662. [PMID: 32312044 PMCID: PMC7590975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyzing aza-Claisen rearrangement of α,β-unsaturated enals with cyclic vinylogous amides under oxidative conditions generating potentially biologically active dihydropyridinone-fused uracils have been developed. This strategy represents a unique NHC-activation-based path with the use of 6-aminouracils as stable α,β-diEWG cyclic vinylogous amides for the efficient synthesis of bicyclic N-unprotected lactams similar to those in many useful drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Dzieszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Izabela Barańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kennedy CR, Choi BY, Reeves MGR, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective Catalysis of an Anionic Oxy-Cope Rearrangement Enabled by Synergistic Ion Binding. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:461-474. [PMID: 33132416 PMCID: PMC7592710 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Charge-accelerated rearrangements present interesting challenges to enantioselective catalysis, due in large part to the competing requirements for maximizing reactivity (ion-pair separation) and stereochemical communication. Herein, we describe application of a synergistic ion-binding strategy to catalyze the anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement of a symmetric bis-styrenyl allyl alcohol in up to 75:25 e.r. Structure-reactivity-selectivity relationship studies, including linear free-energy-relationship analyses, with bifunctional urea catalysts indicate that H-bonding and cation-binding interactions act cooperatively to promote the chemo- and enantioselective [3,3]-rearrangement. Implications for catalyst designs applicable to other transformations involving oxyanionic intermediates are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Mary-Grace R Reeves
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Duan X, Tian Z, Zheng Y, Qi J. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Activation of Ynals for the Construction of Functional Pyridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of EducationHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao‐Hui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Fan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of EducationHebei University Baoding 071002 Hebei Province People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang ZY, Yang T, Wang KK, Chen R, Liu M, Liu H. Oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation reaction of enals with benzofuran-3-ones: efficient access to benzofuran-fused δ-lactones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile route to benzofuran-fused δ-lactones was developed via an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation reaction, giving the expected products in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinxiang University
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Medical College
- Xinxiang University
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinxiang University
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinxiang University
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Menghan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinxiang University
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P.R. China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial Technology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang K, Fuller J, Reath AH, Ziller JW, Alexandrova AN, Yang JY. Installation of internal electric fields by non-redox active cations in transition metal complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10135-10142. [PMID: 32015820 PMCID: PMC6968733 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Local electric fields contribute to the high selectivity and catalytic activity in enzyme active sites and confined reaction centers in zeolites by modifying the relative energy of transition states, intermediates and/or products. Proximal charged functionalities can generate equivalent internal electric fields in molecular systems but the magnitude of their effect and impact on electronic structure has been minimally explored. To generate quantitative insight into installing internal fields in synthetic systems, we report an experimental and computational study using transition metal (M1) Schiff base complexes functionalized with a crown ether unit containing a mono- or dicationic alkali or alkaline earth metal ion (M2). The synthesis and characterization of the complexes M1 = Ni(ii) and M2 = Na+ or Ba2+ are reported. The electronic absorption spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations establish that the cations generate a robust electric field at the metal, which stabilizes the Ni-based molecular orbitals without significantly changing their relative energies. The stabilization is also reflected in the experimental Ni(ii/i) reduction potentials, which are shifted 0.12 V and 0.34 V positive for M2 = Na+ and Ba2+, respectively, compared to a complex lacking a proximal cation. To compare with the cationic Ni complexes, we also synthesized a series of Ni(salen) complexes modified in the 5' position with electron-donating and -withdrawing functionalities (-CF3, -Cl, -H, -tBu, and -OCH3). Data from this series of compounds provides further evidence that the reduction potential shifts observed in the cationic complexes are not due to inductive ligand effects. DFT studies were also performed on the previously reported monocationic and dicatonic Fe(ii)(CH3CN) and Fe(iii)Cl analogues of this system to analyze the impact of an anionic chloride on the electrostatic potential and electronic structure of the Fe site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , USA .
| | - Jack Fuller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Alexander H Reath
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , USA .
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , USA .
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
- California NanoSystems Institute , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Putatunda S, Alegre-Requena JV, Meazza M, Franc M, Rohal'ová D, Vemuri P, Císařová I, Herrera RP, Rios R, Veselý J. Proline bulky substituents consecutively act as steric hindrances and directing groups in a Michael/Conia-ene cascade reaction under synergistic catalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4107-4115. [PMID: 31015949 PMCID: PMC6457335 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a highly stereoselective and versatile synthesis of spiro pyrazolones, promising motifs that are being employed as pharmacophores. The new synthetic strategy merges organocatalysis and metal catalysis to create a synergistic catalysis using proline derivatives and Pd catalysts. This protocol is suitable for late-stage functionalization, which is very important in drug discovery. Additionally, a thorough computational study proved to be very useful to elucidate the function of the different catalysts along the reaction, showing a peculiar feature: the -CPh2OSiMe3 group of the proline catalyst switches its role during the reaction. In the initial Michael reaction, this group plays its commonly-assumed role of bulky blocking group, but the same group generates π-Pd interactions and acts as a directing group in the subsequent Pd-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction. This finding might be very relevant especially for processes with many steps, such as cascade reactions, in which functional groups are assumed to play the same role during all reaction steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salil Putatunda
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic .
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain .
| | - Marta Meazza
- University of Southampton , School of Chemistry , Highfield Campus , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - Michael Franc
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic .
| | - Dominika Rohal'ová
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic .
| | - Pooja Vemuri
- University of Southampton , School of Chemistry , Highfield Campus , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain .
| | - Ramon Rios
- University of Southampton , School of Chemistry , Highfield Campus , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - Jan Veselý
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic .
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu L, Mohamed H, Yuan H, Zhang J. The control effects of different scaffolds in chiral phosphoric acids: a case study of enantioselective asymmetric arylation. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations disclosed that the sign of enantioselectivity in chiral-phosphoric-acid catalyzed reactions can be tuned by BINOL- or SPINOL-derived backbones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Hend Mohamed
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang J, Li Y, Sun J, Wang H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Benzylic Carbon to Unsaturated Acyl Azolium for Rapid Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Jun Sun
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Chantarojsiri T, Ziller JW, Yang JY. Incorporation of redox-inactive cations promotes iron catalyzed aerobic C-H oxidation at mild potentials. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2567-2574. [PMID: 29732136 PMCID: PMC5911827 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the Schiff base complexes Fe(ii) (2M) and Fe(iii)Cl (3M), where M is a K+ or Ba2+ ion incorporated into the ligand, are reported. The Fe(iii/ii) redox potentials are positively shifted by 440 mV (2K) and 640 mV (2Ba) compared to Fe(salen) (salen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine), and by 70 mV (3K) and 230 mV (3Ba) compared to Fe(Cl)(salen), which is likely due to an electrostatic effect (electric field) from the cation. The catalytic activity of 3M towards the aerobic oxidation of allylic C-H bonds was explored. Prior studies on iron salen complexes modified through conventional electron-donating or withdrawing substituents found that only the most oxidizing derivatives were competent catalysts. In contrast, the 3M complexes, which are significantly less oxidizing, are both active. Mechanistic studies comparing 3M to Fe(salen) derivatives indicate that the proximal cation contributes to the overall reactivity in the rate determining step. The cationic charge also inhibits oxidative deactivation through formation of the corresponding Fe2-μ-oxo complexes, which were isolated and characterized. This study demonstrates how non-redox active Lewis acidic cations in the secondary coordination sphere can be used to modify redox catalysts in order to operate at milder potentials with a minimal impact on the reactivity, an effect that was unattainable by tuning the catalyst through traditional substituent effects on the ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , 92697 , USA .
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , 92697 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vedachalam S, Murugesh N, Chakraborty P, Karvembu R, Liu XW. NHC catalyzed enantioselective Coates-Claisen rearrangement: a rapid access to the dihydropyran core for oleuropein based secoiridoids. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the synthesis of the dihydropyran core structure of secoiridoids using NHC catalyzed Coates-Claisen rearrangement is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nithya Murugesh
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli-620015
- India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli-620015
- India
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli-620015
- India
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin JB, Cheng XN, Tian XD, Xu GQ, Luo YC, Xu PF. A C1-symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene catalysed oxidative spiroannulation of isatin-derived enals: highly enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindole δ-lactones. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15444-15447. [PMID: 35539478 PMCID: PMC9080099 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A C1-symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed activation of isatin-derived enals under oxidative conditions was achieved. The in situ generated α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium species was efficiently trapped by 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via a Michael addition/spiroannualtion cascade, delivering a series of synthetically important spirooxindole δ-lactones with up to 96% enantioselectivity. A NHC-catalysed spiroannulation of isatin-derived enals and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed, enabling enantioselective synthesis of synthetically important spirooxindole δ-lactones.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xi-Na Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maji R, Champagne PA, Houk KN, Wheeler SE. Activation Mode and Origin of Selectivity in Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Oxacycle Formation by Intramolecular Oxetane Desymmetrizations. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
- Center
for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maji R, Wheeler SE. Importance of Electrostatic Effects in the Stereoselectivity of NHC-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolutions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12441-12449. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center
for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang C, Hooper JF, Lupton DW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via the α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Azolium. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joel F. Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li GT, Li ZK, Gu Q, You SL. Asymmetric Synthesis of 4-Aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Annulation of Phenols with Enals. Org Lett 2017; 19:1318-1321. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Catalytic Intermolecular Cross-Couplings of Azides and LUMO-Activated Unsaturated Acyl Azoliums. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
33
|
Lu S, Song X, Poh SB, Yang H, Wong MW, Zhao Y. Access to Enantiopure Triarylmethanes and 1,1-Diarylalkanes by NHC-Catalyzed Acylative Desymmetrization. Chemistry 2017; 23:2275-2281. [PMID: 28004424 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present herein an unprecedented, efficient and enantioselective synthesis of triarylmethanes and 1,1-diarylalkanes through N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed acylative desymmetrization of bisphenols. This method utilizes readily available substrates, reagents and a simple procedure to deliver the valuable products in excellent enantiopurity. DFT calculations reveal that the selectivity is governed by the C-C bond cleavage step of the tetrahedral intermediate leading to the ester product. A transition state model featuring a combination of intramolecular hydrogen bond and steric effect is developed to explain the enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenci Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Bei Poh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yuan H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Li W. A NHC-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of allyl ketones with azides: direct access to 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4286-4290. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00906b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A NHC-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of allyl ketones with azides has been developed. This strategy could generate 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields and regioselectivities in the presence of a 20 mol% N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst. A broad substrate scope of this process is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Krenske EH, Burns JM, McGeary RP. Claisen rearrangements of benzyl vinyl ethers: theoretical investigation of mechanism, substituent effects, and regioselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7887-7893. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations are reported which examine the mechanisms of Claisen rearrangements of benzyl vinyl ethers and the ways in which substituents influence reactivity and regioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Jed M. Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ross P. McGeary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mukherjee S, Joseph S, Bhunia A, Gonnade RG, Yetra SR, Biju AT. Enantioselective synthesis of spiro γ-butyrolactones by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] annulation of enals with 3-hydroxy oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2013-2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NHC-catalyzed enantioselective, oxidative formal [3 + 2] annulation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with 3-hydroxy oxindoles is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Sumi Joseph
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Anup Bhunia
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
| | | | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao LL, Li XS, Cao LL, Zhang R, Shi XQ, Qi J. Access to dihydropyridinones and spirooxindoles: application of N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of enals and oxindole-derived enals with 2-aminoacrylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5985-5988. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02753b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the NHC-catalyzed synthesis of dihydropyridinones and spirooxindoles has been developed via [3+3] annulation reactions of enals or isatin-derived enals with 2-aminoacrylates under oxidative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mou C, Wu J, Huang Z, Sun J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-catalyzed LUMO activation of alkyne esters for access to functional pyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13359-13362. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed activation of alkyne ester for quick access to functional pyridines is reported. The reaction involves a previously unexplored unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate bearing a carbon–carbon triple bond that shall exhibit rich chemical reactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Mou
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Huaxi District
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Jichang Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Huaxi District
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Jun Sun
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Huaxi District
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Huaxi District
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Huaxi District
- Guiyang 550025
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pareek M, Sunoj RB. Mechanism and Stereoselectivity in an Asymmetric N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Activation Reaction. Org Lett 2016; 18:5932-5935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zheng J, Zhu K, Yuan Y, Cheng J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Potassium Ion Cooperatively Catalyzed Phenylation Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Acylazoliums. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Kejie Zhu
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 2 Xueyuan Road 350116 Fuzhou P. R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Schoenebeck F. Computation and Experiment: A Powerful Combination to Understand and Predict Reactivities. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1311-9. [PMID: 27171796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry has become an established tool for the study of the origins of chemical phenomena and examination of molecular properties. Because of major advances in theory, hardware and software, calculations of molecular processes can nowadays be done with reasonable accuracy on a time-scale that is competitive or even faster than experiments. This overview will highlight broad applications of computational chemistry in the study of organic and organometallic reactivities, including catalytic (NHC-, Cu-, Pd-, Ni-catalyzed) and noncatalytic examples of relevance to organic synthesis. The selected examples showcase the ability of computational chemistry to rationalize and also predict reactivities of broad significance. A particular emphasis is placed on the synergistic interplay of computations and experiments. It is discussed how this approach allows one to (i) gain greater insight than the isolated techniques, (ii) inspire novel chemistry avenues, and (iii) assist in reaction development. Examples of successful rationalizations of reactivities are discussed, including the elucidation of mechanistic features (radical versus polar) and origins of stereoselectivity in NHC-catalyzed reactions as well as the rationalization of ligand effects on ligation states and selectivity in Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations. Beyond explaining, the synergistic interplay of computation and experiments is then discussed, showcasing the identification of the likely catalytically active species as a function of ligand, additive, and solvent in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These may vary between mono- or bisphosphine-bound or even anionic Pd complexes in polar media in the presence of coordinating additives. These fundamental studies also inspired avenues in catalysis via dinuclear Pd(I) cycles. Detailed mechanistic studies supporting the direct reactivity of Pd(I)-Pd(I) with aryl halides as well as applications of air-stable dinuclear Pd(I) catalysts are discussed. Additional combined experimental and computational studies are described for alternative metals, these include the discussion of the factors that control C-H versus C-C activation in the aerobic Cu-catalyzed oxidation of ketones, and ligand and additive effects on the nature and favored oxidation state of the active catalyst in Ni-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolations of aryl chlorides. Examples of successful computational reactivity predictions along with experimental verifications are then presented. This includes the design of a fluorinated ligand [(CF3)2P(CH2)2P(CF3)2] for the challenging reductive elimination of ArCF3 from Pd(II) as well as the guidance of substrate scope (functional group tolerance and suitable leaving group) in the Ni-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of C(sp(2))-O bonds. In summary, this account aims to convey the benefits of integrating computational studies in experimental research to increase understanding of observed phenomena and guide future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory
for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xia W, Yao H, Liu D, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Liu H. Enantioselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters with Methyl Ketoimine. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
43
|
Aurell MJ, Domingo LR, Arnó M, Zaragozá RJ. A DFT study of the mechanism of NHC catalysed annulation reactions involving α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums and β-naphthol. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8338-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of NHC catalysed annulation reactions involving an α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium and β-naphthol has been studied using DFT methods at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level in toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. José Aurell
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Manuel Arnó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Ramón J. Zaragozá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bera S, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted δ-Lactones by Cooperative Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Lewis Acid Catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:4940-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishna Bera
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Z, Zeng X, Xie D, Chen D, Ding L, Wang A, Yang L, Zhong G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Activation of Esters of N-Hydroxyphthalimide: A Highly Enantioselective Route to Chiral Dihydropyridinones Bearing an All Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Center. Org Lett 2015; 17:5052-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Danbo Xie
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Liyuan Ding
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Anna Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Flanigan DM, Romanov-Michailidis F, White NA, Rovis T. Organocatalytic Reactions Enabled by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9307-87. [PMID: 25992594 PMCID: PMC4986729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1416] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darrin M Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | - Nicholas A White
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li GT, Gu Q, You SL. Enantioselective annulation of enals with 2-naphthols by triazolium salts derived from l-phenylalanine. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4273-4278. [PMID: 29218195 PMCID: PMC5707468 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of chiral triazolium salts have been synthesized from methyl l-phenylalaninate hydrochloride. The NHCs derived from this class of novel triazolium salts were found to be highly efficient catalysts in the annulation reaction of enals and 2-naphthols. These reactions proceeded with high chemoselectivity and wide substrate scope affording enantioenriched β-arylsplitomicins in good yields with up to 96% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tai Li
- School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Shu-Li You
- School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng PC, Cheng J, Su S, Jin Z, Wang YH, Yang S, Jin LH, Song BA, Chi YR. Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed γ-Carbon Addition of Enals to Imines: Mechanistic Studies and Access to Antimicrobial Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:9984-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
49
|
Xie D, Yang L, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Chen D, Zeng X, Zhong G. Rapid Access to Spirocylic Oxindoles: Application of Asymmetric N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Imines to Oxindole-Derived Enals. Org Lett 2015; 17:2318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Xie
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Youqiang Lin
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yetra SR, Mondal S, Suresh E, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazoles by NHC-Catalyzed Reaction of Pyrazolones with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Org Lett 2015; 17:1417-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhivardhana Reddy Yetra
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Santigopal Mondal
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Analytical
Department and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|