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Müller DH, Börger M, Thien J, Koß HJ. Bioprocess in-line monitoring and control using Raman spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM). Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2225-2233. [PMID: 38678541 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Process in-line monitoring and control are crucial to optimize the productivity of bioprocesses. A frequently applied Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool for bioprocess in-line monitoring is Raman spectroscopy. However, evaluating bioprocess Raman spectra is complex and calibrating state-of-the-art statistical evaluation models is effortful. To overcome this challenge, we developed an Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) prediction model in a previous study. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and the IHM prediction model enables non-invasive in-line monitoring of glucose and ethanol mass fractions during yeast fermentations with significantly less calibration effort than comparable approaches based on statistical models. In this study, we advance this IHM-based approach and successfully demonstrate that the combination of Raman spectroscopy and IHM is capable of not only bioprocess monitoring but also bioprocess control. For this purpose, we used this combination's in-line information as input of a simple on-off glucose controller to control the glucose mass fraction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations. When we performed two of these fermentations with different predefined glucose set points, we achieved similar process control quality as approaches using statistical models, despite considerably smaller calibration effort. Therefore, this study reaffirms that the combination of Raman spectroscopy and IHM is a powerful PAT tool for bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke Börger
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Thien
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Koß
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Sanaeifar A, Ye D, Li X, Luo L, Tang Y, He Y. A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Cellular Biopolymers on Leaf Blight-Infected Tea Plants Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846484. [PMID: 35519809 PMCID: PMC9062664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the temporal and spatial variation of biopolymers in cells infected by the tea leaf blight using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. We investigated the biopolymers on serial sections of the infection part, and four sections corresponding to different stages of infection were obtained for analysis. Raman spectra extracted from four selected regions (circumscribing the vascular bundle) were analyzed in detail to enable a semi-quantitative comparison of biopolymers on a micron-scale. As the infection progressed, lignin and other phenolic compounds decreased in the vascular bundle, while they increased in both the walls of the bundle sheath cells as well as their intracellular components. The amount of cellulose and other polysaccharides increased in all parts as the infection developed. The variations in the content of lignin and cellulose in different tissues of an individual plant may be part of the reason for the plant's disease resistance. Through wavelet-based data mining, two-dimensional chemical images of lignin, cellulose and all biopolymers were quantified by integrating the characteristic spectral bands ranging from 1,589 to 1,607 cm-1, 1,087 to 1,100 cm-1, and 2,980 to 2,995 cm-1, respectively. The chemical images were consistent with the results of the semi-quantitative analysis, which indicated that the distribution of lignin in vascular bundle became irregular in sections with severe infection, and a substantial quantity of lignin was detected in the cell wall and inside the bundle sheath cell. In serious infected sections, cellulose was accumulated in vascular bundles and distributed within bundle sheath cells. In addition, the distribution of all biopolymers showed that there was a tylose substance produced within the vascular bundles to prevent the further development of pathogens. Therefore, confocal Raman microspectroscopy can be used as a powerful approach for investigating the temporal and spatial variation of biopolymers within cells. Through this method, we can gain knowledge about a plant's defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanaeifar
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Ye
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liubin Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Schleusener J, Guo S, Darvin ME, Thiede G, Chernavskaia O, Knorr F, Lademann J, Popp J, Bocklitz TW. Fiber-based SORS-SERDS system and chemometrics for the diagnostics and therapy monitoring of psoriasis inflammatory disease in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1123-1135. [PMID: 33680562 PMCID: PMC7901339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.413922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered a widespread dermatological disease that can strongly affect the quality of life. Currently, the treatment is continued until the skin surface appears clinically healed. However, lesions appearing normal may contain modifications in deeper layers. To terminate the treatment too early can highly increase the risk of relapses. Therefore, techniques are needed for a better knowledge of the treatment process, especially to detect the lesion modifications in deeper layers. In this study, we developed a fiber-based SORS-SERDS system in combination with machine learning algorithms to non-invasively determine the treatment efficiency of psoriasis. The system was designed to acquire Raman spectra from three different depths into the skin, which provide rich information about the skin modifications in deeper layers. This way, it is expected to prevent the occurrence of relapses in case of a too short treatment. The method was verified with a study of 24 patients upon their two visits: the data is acquired at the beginning of a standard treatment (visit 1) and four months afterwards (visit 2). A mean sensitivity of ≥85% was achieved to distinguish psoriasis from normal skin at visit 1. At visit 2, where the patients were healed according to the clinical appearance, the mean sensitivity was ≈65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schleusener
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
- Correspondence regarding medical questions should be sent to
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisela Thiede
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Chernavskaia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Knorr
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence for technical issues should be sent to
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Guo S, Chernavskaia O, Popp J, Bocklitz T. Spectral reconstruction for shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS). Talanta 2018; 186:372-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Qin J, Chao K, Kim M. Raman Scattering for Food Quality and Safety Assessment. LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD PROPERTY, QUALITY AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b20220-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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De Luca AC, Dholakia K, Mazilu M. Modulated Raman Spectroscopy for Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis at the Cellular Level. SENSORS 2015; 15:13680-704. [PMID: 26110401 PMCID: PMC4507596 DOI: 10.3390/s150613680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising and novel biophotonics tool for non-invasive, real-time diagnosis of tissue and cell abnormalities. However, the presence of a strong fluorescence background is a key issue that can detract from the use of Raman spectroscopy in routine clinical care. The review summarizes the state-of-the-art methods to remove the fluorescence background and explores recent achievements to address this issue obtained with modulated Raman spectroscopy. This innovative approach can be used to extract the Raman spectral component from the fluorescence background and improve the quality of the Raman signal. We describe the potential of modulated Raman spectroscopy as a rapid, inexpensive and accurate clinical tool to detect the presence of bladder cancer cells. Finally, in a broader context, we show how this approach can greatly enhance the sensitivity of integrated Raman spectroscopy and microfluidic systems, opening new prospects for portable higher throughput Raman cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara De Luca
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Michael Mazilu
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK.
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Schleusener J, Gluszczynska P, Reble C, Gersonde I, Helfmann J, Cappius HJ, Fluhr JW, Meinke MC. Perturbation factors in the clinical handling of a fiber-coupled Raman probe for cutaneous in vivo diagnostic Raman spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:243-256. [PMID: 25588117 DOI: 10.1366/14-07482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of fiber-coupled Raman probes for the discrimination of cancerous and normal skin has the advantage of a non-invasive in vivo application, easy clinical handling, and access to the majority of body sites, which would otherwise be limited by stationary Raman microscopes. Nevertheless, including optical fibers and miniaturizing optical components, as well as measuring in vivo, involves the sensibility to external perturbation factors that could introduce artifacts to the acquired Raman spectra and thereby potentially reduce classification performance. In this study, typical perturbation factors of Raman measurements with a Raman fiber probe, optimized for clinical in vivo discrimination of skin cancer, were investigated experimentally. Measurements were performed under standardized conditions in clinical settings in vivo on human skin, as well as ex vivo on porcine ears. Raman spectra were analyzed in the fingerprint region between 1150 and 1730 cm(-1) using principal component analysis. The largest artifacts in the Raman spectra were found in measurements performed under the influence of strong ambient light conditions as well as after miscellaneous pre-treatments to the skin, such as use of a permanent marker or a sunscreen. Minor influences were also found in measurements using H2O immersion and when varying the probe contact force. The effect of reasonable variation of the fiber-bending radius was found to be of negligible impact. The influence of measurements on hairy or sun-exposed body sites, as well as inter-subject variation, was also investigated. The presented results may serve as a guide to avoid negative effects during the process of data acquisition and so avoid misclassification in tumor discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schleusener
- Laser- und Medizin- Technologie Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstrasse 60-62, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Analytical devices based on light-emitting diodes--a review of the state-of-the-art. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:46-58. [PMID: 25467449 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A general overview of the development of the uses of light-emitting diodes in analytical instrumentation is given. Fundamental aspects of light-emitting diodes, as far as relevant for this usage, are covered in the first part. The measurement of light intensity is also discussed, as this is an essential part of any device based on light-emitting diodes as well. In the second part, applications are discussed, which cover liquid and gas-phase absorbance measurements, flow-through detectors for chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, sensors, as well as some less often reported methods such as photoacoustic spectroscopy.
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Williamson AP, Kiefer J. Automatic Low-Cost Method to Determine the Solubility of Liquid-Liquid Mixtures by Continuous-Flow Cloud Point Titration. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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