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Sinha S, Pal T. A comprehensive review of FET‐based pH sensors: materials, fabrication technologies, and modeling. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Sinha
- CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI) Pilani Rajasthan India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tapas Pal
- CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI) Pilani Rajasthan India
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2
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Jayakumar G, Legallais M, Hellström PE, Mouis M, Pignot-Paintrand I, Stambouli V, Ternon C, Östling M. Wafer-scale HfO 2 encapsulated silicon nanowire field effect transistor for efficient label-free DNA hybridization detection in dry environment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:184002. [PMID: 30654356 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaffa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Jayakumar
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electrum 229, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden
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Bartl JD, Scarbolo P, Brandalise D, Stutzmann M, Tornow M, Selmi L, Cattani-Scholz A. Role of Different Receptor-Surface Binding Modes in the Morphological and Electrochemical Properties of Peptide-Nucleic-Acid-Based Sensing Platforms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3272-3283. [PMID: 30735621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Label-free detection of charged biomolecules, such as DNA, has experienced an increase in research activity in recent years, mainly to obviate the need for elaborate and expensive pretreatments for labeling target biomolecules. A promising label-free approach is based on the detection of changes in the electrical surface potential on biofunctionalized silicon field-effect devices. These devices require a reliable and selective immobilization of charged biomolecules on the device surface. In this work, self-assembled monolayers of phosphonic acids are used to prepare organic interfaces with a high density of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) bioreceptors, which are a synthetic analogue to DNA, covalently bound either in a multidentate (∥PNA) or monodentate (⊥PNA) fashion to the underlying silicon native oxide surface. The impact of the PNA bioreceptor orientation on the sensing platform's surface properties is characterized in detail by water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the multidentate binding of the bioreceptor via attachment groups at the γ-points along the PNA backbone leads to the formation of an extended, protruding, and netlike three-dimensional metastructure. Typical "mesh" sizes are on the order of 8 ± 2.5 nm in diameter, with no preferential spatial orientation relative to the underlying surface. Contrarily, the monodentate binding provides a spatially more oriented metastructure comprising cylindrical features, of a typical size of 62 ± 23 × 12 ± 2 nm2. Additional cyclic voltammetry measurements in a redox buffer solution containing a small and highly mobile Ru-based complex reveal strikingly different insulating properties (ion diffusion kinetics) of these two PNA systems. Investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms that the binding mode has a significant impact on the electrochemical properties of the functional PNA layers represented by detectable changes of the conductance and capacitance of the underlying silicon substrate in the range of 30-50% depending on the surface organization of the bioreceptors in different bias potential regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D Bartl
- Walter Schottky Institute (WSI) and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Paolo Scarbolo
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA) , Università degli Studi di Udine , Via delle Scienze 206 , 33100 Udine , Italy
| | - Denis Brandalise
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA) , Università degli Studi di Udine , Via delle Scienze 206 , 33100 Udine , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari" , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Via Vivarelli 10 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institute (WSI) and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Marc Tornow
- Molecular Electronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Technische Universität München , Theresienstr. 90 , 80333 München , Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT) , Hansastr. 27d , 80686 München , Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 München , Germany
| | - Luca Selmi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari" , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Via Vivarelli 10 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Anna Cattani-Scholz
- Walter Schottky Institute (WSI) and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 München , Germany
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Xing Y, Dittrich PS. One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Microfluidic-Based Synthesis, Alignment and Integration towards Functional Sensing Devices. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010134. [PMID: 29303990 PMCID: PMC5795670 DOI: 10.3390/s18010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures offers tremendous advantages over bulk approaches e.g., the laminar flow, reduced sample consumption and control of self-assembly of nanostructures. In addition to the synthesis, the integration of 1D nanomaterials into microfluidic chips can enable the development of diverse functional microdevices. 1D nanomaterials have been used in applications such as catalysts, electronic instrumentation and sensors for physical parameters or chemical compounds and biomolecules and hence, can be considered as building blocks. Here, we outline and critically discuss promising strategies for microfluidic-assisted synthesis, alignment and various chemical and biochemical applications of 1D nanostructures. In particular, the use of 1D nanostructures for sensing chemical/biological compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Lee J, Wipf M, Mu L, Adams C, Hannant J, Reed MA. Metal-coated microfluidic channels: An approach to eliminate streaming potential effects in nano biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:447-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shanmugam NR, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Ultrasensitive and low-volume point-of-care diagnostics on flexible strips - a study with cardiac troponin biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33423. [PMID: 27634488 PMCID: PMC5025736 DOI: 10.1038/srep33423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a flexible, mechanically stable, and disposable electrochemical sensor platform for monitoring cardiac troponins through the detection and quantification of cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT). We designed and fabricated nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) sensing electrodes on flexible porous polyimide substrates. We demonstrate ultrasensitive detection is capable at very low sample volumes due to the confinement phenomenon of target species within the ZnO nanostructures leading to enhancement of biomolecular binding on the sensor electrode surface. The performance of the ZnO nanostructured sensor electrode was evaluated against gold and nanotextured ZnO electrodes. The electrochemical sensor functions on affinity based immunoassay principles whereby monoclonal antibodies for cTnT were immobilized on the sensor electrodes using thiol based chemistry. Detection of cTnT in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum (HS) buffers was achieved at low sample volumes of 20 μL using non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Limit of detection (LOD) of 1E-4 ng/mL (i.e. 1 pg/mL) at 7% CV (coefficient of variation) for cTnT in HS was demonstrated on nanostructured ZnO electrodes. The mechanical integrity of the flexible biosensor platform was demonstrated with cyclic bending tests. The sensor performed within 12% CV after 100 bending cycles demonstrating the robustness of the nanostructured ZnO electrochemical sensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Dev A, Horak J, Kaiser A, Yuan X, Perols A, Björk P, Karlström AE, Kleimann P, Jan Linnros. Electrokinetic effect for molecular recognition: A label-free approach for real-time biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen S, van Nieuwkasteele JW, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Ion-Step Method for Surface Potential Sensing of Silicon Nanowires. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7890-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Chen
- Department
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jan W. van Nieuwkasteele
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522NH Enschede, The Netherlands
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De A, Souchelnytskyi S, van den Berg A, Carlen ET. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-DNA duplexes: comparison of hybridization affinity between vertically and horizontally tethered PNA probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4607-4612. [PMID: 23668364 DOI: 10.1021/am4011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We compare the PNA-DNA duplex hybridization characteristics of vertically tethered and new horizontally tethered PNA probes on solid surfaces. The horizontal 15-mer PNA probe has been synthesized with linker molecules attached at three locations (γ-points) positioned along the PNA backbone that provides covalent attachment of the probe with the backbone aligned parallel to the surface, which is important for DNA hybridization assays that use electric field effect sensors for detection. A radioactive labeled assay and real-time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor are used to assess the probe surface density, nonspecific binding, and DNA hybridization affinity, respectively, of the new PNA probe configuration. The estimated equilibrium dissociation constants of the horizontally tethered duplex and the vertically tethered duplex are of the same order of magnitude (KD ≈ 5 nM), which indicates a sufficient hybridization affinity for many electronic biosensors that benefit from the horizontal alignment, which minimizes the effects of counterion screening.
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