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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Muhammad K, Zhao J, Gao B, Feng Y. Polymeric nano-carriers for on-demand delivery of genes via specific responses to stimuli. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9621-9641. [PMID: 32955058 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nano-carriers have been developed as a most capable and feasible technology platform for gene therapy. As vehicles, polymeric nano-carriers are obliged to possess high gene loading capability, low immunogenicity, safety, and the ability to transfer various genetic materials into specific sites of target cells to express therapeutic proteins or block a process of gene expression. To this end, various types of polymeric nano-carriers have been prepared to release genes in response to stimuli such as pH, redox, enzymes, light and temperature. These stimulus-responsive nano-carriers exhibit high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. In particular, dual- and multi-stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers can respond to a combination of signals. Markedly, these combined responses take place either simultaneously or in a sequential manner. These dual-stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers can control gene delivery with high gene transfection both in vitro and in vivo. In this review paper, we highlight the recent exciting developments in stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers for gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Muhammad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Charge-convertible polymers for improved tumor targeting and enhanced therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang Y, Ji X, Ruan M, Liu W, Song R, Dai J, Xue W. Worm-Like Biomimetic Nanoerythrocyte Carrying siRNA for Melanoma Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803002. [PMID: 30334353 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in siRNA vectors is developing approaches that ensure that when administered in vivo, the vectors can target their requisite site of action. This study reports a third type of nanoworm, biomimetic nanoerythrocytes for siRNA delivery, except for filomicelle and nanoworm iron-oxide particle, which is the first approach that allows for targeted siRNA delivery by a process involving red blood cell (RBC) membrane cloaking of charge-reversible polyplexes of siRNA and polycation. RBC membrane cloaking protects siRNA from RNase A degradation. Moreover, the RBC membrane-cloaked charge-reversible siRNA vector (RBC-reversible polyplex (RP)) not only stays longer in the blood circulation than that of negatively charged bovine serum albumin (BSA) spheres and positively charged BSA, but is also able to escape from late endosomes/lysosomes, to achieve effective transfection for gene knockdown. The knockdown result in vivo is remarkably consistent with that of intracellular trafficking and transfection in vitro. Due to the outstanding biocompatibility and active targeting (cRGD), the 7 mg kg-1 dose siSurvivin in RGD-RBC-RP exhibits obviously superior anticancer effects at the animal level after two weeks. Therefore, the biomimetic worm-like nanoerythrocyte charge-reversible gene vector is a new and general method for highly efficient siRNA therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Miaoliang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongguang Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Design and development of a robust photo-responsive block copolymer framework for tunable nucleic acid delivery and efficient gene silencing. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sharifzadeh G, Hosseinkhani H. Biomolecule-Responsive Hydrogels in Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 29057617 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances and applications of biomolecule-responsive hydrogels, namely, glucose-responsive hydrogels, protein-responsive hydrogels, and nucleic-acid-responsive hydrogels are highlighted. However, achieving the ultimate purpose of using biomolecule-responsive hydrogels in preclinical and clinical areas is still at the very early stage and calls for more novel designing concepts and advance ideas. On the way toward the real/clinical application of biomolecule-responsive hydrogels, plenty of factors should be extensively studied and examined under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For example, biocompatibility, biointegration, and toxicity of biomolecule-responsive hydrogels should be carefully evaluated. From the living body's point of view, biocompatibility is seriously depended on the interactions at the tissue/polymer interface. These interactions are influenced by physical nature, chemical structure, surface properties, and degradation of the materials. In addition, the developments of advanced hydrogels with tunable biological and mechanical properties which cause no/low side effects are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbanali Sharifzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 Johor Malaysia
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Recent advance of pH-sensitive nanocarriers targeting solid tumors. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Greco CT, Andrechak JC, Epps TH, Sullivan MO. Anionic Polymer and Quantum Dot Excipients to Facilitate siRNA Release and Self-Reporting of Disassembly in Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarrier Formulations. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1814-1824. [PMID: 28441861 PMCID: PMC5672795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of anionic excipients into polyplexes is a promising strategy for modulating siRNA binding versus release and integrating diagnostic capabilities; however, specific design criteria and structure-function relationships are needed to facilitate the development of nanocarrier-based theranostics. Herein, we incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and quantum dot (QD) excipients into photolabile siRNA polyplexes to increase gene silencing efficiencies by up to 100% and enable self-reporting of nanocarrier disassembly. Our systematic approach identified the functional relationships between gene silencing and key parameters such as excipient loading fractions and molecular weights that facilitated the establishment of design rules for optimization of nanocarrier efficacy. For example, we found that PAA molecular weights ∼10-20× greater than that of the coencapsulated siRNA exhibited the most efficient release and silencing. Furthermore, siRNA release assays and RNAi modeling allowed us to generate a PAA "heat map" that predicted gene silencing a priori as a function of PAA molecular weight and loading fraction. QDs further promoted selective siRNA release and provided visual as well as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based monitoring of the dynamic changes in nanostructure in situ. Moreover, even with the addition of anionic components, our formulations exhibited substantially improved stability and shelf life relative to typical formulations, with complete stability after a week of storage and full activity in the presence of serum. Taken together, this study enabled synergistic improvements in siRNA release and diagnostic capabilities, along with the development of mechanistic insights that are critical for advancing the translation of nucleic acid theranostics into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Greco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Yang CL, Chen JP, Wei KC, Chen JY, Huang CW, Liao ZX. Release of Doxorubicin by a Folate-Grafted, Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticle. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040085. [PMID: 28406429 PMCID: PMC5408177 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In clinical tumor therapy, chemotherapeutic routes have caused severe side effects; current delivery methods are unsatisfactory. Successful design of a remotely folate (FA)-grafted chitosan (CS)-coated magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) with low toxicity, has been achieved. A chemotherapeutic drug such as doxorubicin (DOX), is loaded in the MNP-based matrix (FA-grafted CS-DOX-TPP-MNP), which is coated by an activated target tumor molecule of FA-grafted CS biopolymer with the inclusion of tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a linker. The resultant nano-complexes exhibited random aggregates (~240 nm) and zeta potential (−24.9 mV). In vivo experiments using athymic BALB/c nude mice with human glioblastoma U87 cells in a subcutaneous tumor model revealed that magnetic guidance of FA-grafted CS-DOX-TPP-MNP, injected via the tail vein, significantly decreased tumor growth. This manuscript demonstrates the feasibility of magnetizing control of FA-grafted CS-DOX-TPP-MNP to enhance the localization of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wen Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Zi-Xian Liao
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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11
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Chen X, Liu L, Jiang C. Charge-reversal nanoparticles: novel targeted drug delivery carriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:261-7. [PMID: 27471667 PMCID: PMC4951588 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spurred by significant progress in materials chemistry and drug delivery, charge-reversal nanocarriers are being developed to deliver anticancer formulations in spatial-, temporal- and dosage-controlled approaches. Charge-reversal nanoparticles can release their drug payload in response to specific stimuli that alter the charge on their surface. They can elude clearance from the circulation and be activated by protonation, enzymatic cleavage, or a molecular conformational change. In this review, we discuss the physiological basis for, and recent advances in the design of charge-reversal nanoparticles that are able to control drug biodistribution in response to specific stimuli, endogenous factors (changes in pH, redox gradients, or enzyme concentration) or exogenous factors (light or thermos-stimulation).
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Key Words
- Abs, integrin aVb3 mAbs
- B-PDEAEA, poly[(2-acryloyl) ethyl (p-boronic acid benzyl) diethylammonium bromide]
- BPS, bridged polysilsesquioxanexerogel
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CA4, combretastatin A4
- CAPL, charge reversible pullulan-based
- CHPNH2, cationic cholesteryl group–bearing pullulans
- CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose
- CPLAs, cationic polylactides
- Cancer therapy
- Charge-reversal nanoparticles
- Cit, citraconic anhydride
- Cya, cysteamine hydrochloride
- DAP, 2,3-diamino-propionate
- DCL, dimethyl maleamidic acid-ε-caprolactone
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DM, dimyristeroyl
- DMA, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride
- DMPA, dimethylol propionic acid
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Drug delivery carriers
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GO, graphene oxide
- GSH, glutathione
- Glu, glutamic acid
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HEP, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine
- HMP, p-hydroxylmethylenephenol
- His, histidine
- MG, microgels
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- MNP, magnetic nanoparticles
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanotechnology
- PAEP, poly(allyl ethylene phosphate)
- PAH, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride
- PBAE, poly(β-amino ester)
- PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone)
- PDADMAC, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PEO, poly(ethylene oxide)
- PK, protein kinase
- PLA, ploylactic acid
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLL, poly(l-lysine)
- PMA, poly(methacrylic acid)
- PS, pH sensitive
- PSS, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)
- PSSS, poly(styrene-co-4-styrene-sulfonate)
- PTX, paclitaxel
- PU, polyurethane
- PVPON, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stimuli responsive
- TMA, 2-(mercaptoethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
- TUNA, thioundecyl-tetraethyleneglycolester-o-nitrobenzy-lethyldimethyl ammonium bromide
- pA-F, fluorescein-labeled polyanion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Mehrotra N, Tripathi RM. Short interfering RNA therapeutics: nanocarriers, prospects and limitations. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 9:386-95. [PMID: 26647816 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first experiment depicting gene inhibition using RNA interference mechanism, extensive research has been carried out to design targeted delivery systems that use short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for gene expression regulation. Although several siRNAs loaded nanoparticle systems have reached clinical trial stage, cellular uptake, reticuloendothelial entrapment and endosomal escape still limit the efficacy of these drugs considerably. This review discusses about the RNA interference mechanism, nanostructures being used as non-viral vectors for targeted delivery, limitations of the common delivery systems and the current siRNA-loaded nanoparticle formulations undergoing clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehrotra
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Ravi Mani Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201303, India.
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Wang Y, Xiao H, Fang J, Yu X, Su Z, Cheng D, Shuai X. Construction of negatively charged and environment-sensitive nanomedicine for tumor-targeted efficient siRNA delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1194-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A siRNA delivery system with pH and reduction dual-sensitivity was developed for efficient target gene silencing in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hong Xiao
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Jing Fang
- Center of Biomedical Engineering
- Zhongshan School of Medicine
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Xingsu Yu
- Center of Biomedical Engineering
- Zhongshan School of Medicine
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Zhenwei Su
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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Environmental pH-sensitive polymeric nano-carriers for targeted tumor delivery. J Control Release 2015; 213:e46-7. [PMID: 27005174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaganathan S. Bioresorbable polyelectrolytes for smuggling drugs into cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1080-97. [PMID: 25961363 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that biodegradable polyelectrolyte nanocapsules are multifunctional vehicles which can smuggle drugs into cells, and release them upon endogenous activation. A large number of endogenous stimuli have already been tested in vitro, and in vivo research is escalating. Thus, the interest in the design of intelligent polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) drug delivery systems is clear. The need of the hour is a systematic translation of PEM-based drug delivery systems from the lab to clinical studies. Reviews on multifarious stimuli that can trigger the release of drugs from such systems already exist. This review summarizes the available literature, with emphasis on the recent progress in PEM-based drug delivery systems that are receptive in the presence of endogenous stimuli, including enzymes, glucose, glutathione, pH, and temperature, and addresses different active and passive drug targeting strategies. Insights into the current knowledge on the diversified endogenous approaches and methodological challenges may bring inspiration to resolve issues that currently bottleneck the successful implementation of polyelectrolytes into the catalog of third-generation drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripriya Jaganathan
- a SRM Research Institute, SRM University , Kattankulathur, 603203 , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
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16
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Highly specific in vivo gene delivery for p53-mediated apoptosis and genetic photodynamic therapies of tumour. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6456. [PMID: 25739372 PMCID: PMC4366491 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer therapies are often compromised by nonspecific effects and challenged by tumour environments’ inherent physicochemical and biological characteristics. Often, therapeutic effect can be increased by addressing multiple parameters simultaneously. Here we report on exploiting extravasation due to inherent vascular leakiness for the delivery of a pH-sensitive polymer carrier. Tumours’ acidic microenvironment instigates a charge reversal that promotes cellular internalization where endosomes destabilize and gene delivery is achieved. We assess our carrier with an aggressive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in vivo model and achieve >30% transfection efficiency via systemic delivery. Rejuvenation of the p53 apoptotic pathway as well as expression of KillerRed protein for sensitization in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is accomplished. A single administration greatly suppresses tumour growth and extends median animal survival from 28 days in control subjects to 68 days. The carrier has capacity for multiple payloads for greater therapeutic response where inter-individual variability can compromise efficacy. Alterations of p53 are associated with more than half of all human cancers. Here the authors present a new pH-sensitive nanoparticle that is delivered via systemic circulation and combines gene delivery to restore p53 with expression of Killerred protein to induce photosensitization.
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Li J, Yu X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Xiao H, Cheng D, Shuai X. A reduction and pH dual-sensitive polymeric vector for long-circulating and tumor-targeted siRNA delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:8217-8224. [PMID: 25363160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel reduction and pH dual-sensitive nonviral vector for long-circulating and tumor-targeted siRNA delivery is described. The nanomedicine is negatively charged at neutral pH of bloodstream whereas it is positively charged at lower pH of tumor tissue (ca. 6.8). Interlayer crosslinking with disulfide bonds stabilizes the nanomedicine during blood circulation and allows quick intracellular siRNA release after endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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An FF, Cao W, Liang XJ. Nanostructural systems developed with positive charge generation to drug delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1162-81. [PMID: 24550201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of a nanostructure plays a critical role in modulating blood circulation time, nanostructure-cell interaction, and intracellular events. It is unfavorable to have positive charges on the nanostructure surface before arriving at the disease site because positively charged nanostructures interact strongly with blood components, resulting in rapid clearance from the blood, and suboptimal targeted accumulation at the tumor site. Once at the tumor site, however, the positive charge on the nanostructure surface accelerates uptake by tumor cells and promotes the release of payloads from the lysosomes to the cytosol or nucleus inside cells. Thus, the ideal nanocarrier systems for drug delivery would maintain a neutral or negatively charged surface during blood circulation but would then generate a positive surface charge after accumulation at the tumor site or inside the cancer cells. This Progress Report focuses on the design and application of various neutral or negatively charged nanostructures that can generate a positive charge in response to the tumor microenvironment or an external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei An
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 11, First North Road Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 11, First North Road Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 11, First North Road Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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Guidry EN, Farand J, Soheili A, Parish CA, Kevin NJ, Pipik B, Calati KB, Ikemoto N, Waldman JH, Latham AH, Howell BJ, Leone A, Garbaccio RM, Barrett SE, Parmar RG, Truong QT, Mao B, Davies IW, Colletti SL, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Improving the in vivo therapeutic index of siRNA polymer conjugates through increasing pH responsiveness. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:296-307. [PMID: 24409989 DOI: 10.1021/bc400442p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer based carriers that aid in endosomal escape have proven to be efficacious siRNA delivery agents in vitro and in vivo; however, most suffer from cytotoxicity due in part to a lack of selectivity for endosomal versus cell membrane lysis. For polymer based carriers to move beyond the laboratory and into the clinic, it is critical to find carriers that are not only efficacious, but also have margins that are clinically relevant. In this paper we report three distinct categories of polymer conjugates that improve the selectivity of endosomal membrane lysis by relying on the change in pH associated with endosomal trafficking, including incorporation of low pKa heterocycles, acid cleavable amino side chains, or carboxylic acid pH sensitive charge switches. Additionally, we determine the therapeutic index of our polymer conjugates in vivo and demonstrate that the incorporation of pH responsive elements dramatically expands the therapeutic index to 10-15, beyond that of the therapeutic index (less than 3), for polymer conjugates previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Guidry
- Department of Process Chemistry and ∥Department of Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc. , , Rahway, New Jersey, United States
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Extracellular delivery of modified oligonucleotide and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from a degradable hydrogel triggered by tumor acidosis. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4387-93. [PMID: 23478033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotides (antagomir) offer promise for cancer therapies but suffer from poor therapeutic effect after systemic administration. Chemical modification or loading in degradable hydrogels can offer improvements in the accuracy and efficacy for sustained delivery at specific sites. In our approach, antagomir were entrapped with degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels, with and without incorporation of imidazole. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were simultaneously loaded with intent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incorporation of imidazole into the PEG hydrogels led to a tunable-pH-response that dictated hydrogel swelling ratio and release rate of antagomir and SPION. As a result, the PEG-imidazole hydrogel swelling ratio and degradation over a 5 week period changed up to 734% and 149% as the pH dropped from 7.4 to 6.7, respectively. The swelling ratio of PEG-imidazole hydrogels was completely reversible over repeatable cycles of pH change. The stimuli-responsive behavior of PEG-imidazole hydrogels was used for the release of antagomir and SPION under conditions consistent with tumor acidosis. This manuscript demonstrates feasibility in designing tunable-pH-responsive hydrogels for loading multimodality therapeutic and contrast agents to enhance the bioactivity of chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotide and SPION for acidosis-related tumor therapy and MRI imaging applications.
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