1
|
Maiti S, Roh S, Cohen I, Abbott NL. Non-equilibrium ordering of liquid crystalline (LC) films driven by external gradients in surfactant concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:134-146. [PMID: 36696789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Gradients in the concentration of amphiphiles play an important role in many non-equilibrium processes involving complex fluids. Here we explore if non-equilibrium interfacial behaviors of thermotropic (oily) liquid crystals (LCs) can amplify microscopic gradients in surfactant concentration into macroscopic optical signals. EXPERIMENTS We use a milli-fluidic system to generate gradients in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and optically quantify the dynamic ordering of micrometer-thick nematic LC films that contact the gradients. FINDINGS We find that the reordering of the LCs is dominated by interfacial shearing by Marangoni flows, thus providing simple methods for rapid mapping of interfacial velocities from a single optical image and investigating the effects of confinement of surfactant-driven interfacial flows. Additionally, we establish that surface advection and surfactant desorption are the two key processes that regulate the interfacial flows, revealing that the dynamic response of the LC can provide rapid and potentially high throughput approaches to measurement of non-equilibrium interfacial properties of amphiphiles. We also observe flow-induced assemblies of microparticles to form at the LC interface, hinting at new non-equilibrium approaches to microparticle assembly. We conclude that dynamic states adopted by LCs in the presence of surfactant concentration gradients provide new opportunities for engineering complex fluids beyond equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Maiti
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Itai Cohen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei M, Darcie T, Xu W, Gao Y, Mundel H, Aitchison JS, Zhang X, Serpe MJ. Enhancing the Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurements Utilizing Polymer Film/Au Assemblies. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16718-16726. [PMID: 34851626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to infer information about a sample that is in contact with an Au-coated glass slide coupled to the SPR prism. Shifts in the angle of the "SPR minimum reflection" can be related to changes in the refractive index (and/or thickness) of the sample that is in contact with the Au film, which can then be used to determine the concentration of an analyte in that sample. Here, we show that by depositing a layer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [p(NIPAm-co-AAc)] microgel on the SPR's Au film, with a subsequent layer of Au deposited on top of the microgels, the sensitivity of SPR to changes in solution properties can be enhanced. We investigated the sensitivity of the SPR to changes in the temperature of water in contact with the SPR's Au film as a function of the microgel immobilization density and the thickness of the Au layer deposited on the microgel layer. The data revealed that the SPR's Au film densely coated with microgels, with 5 nm of Au deposited, exhibited the maximal enhancement. The plasmon coupling effect between the additional Au film on the microgels and the SPR's Au film was further confirmed by 3D finite difference time domain simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd Darcie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hannah Mundel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G4, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Stewart Aitchison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3G4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kyrey T, Witte J, Lutzki J, Zamponi M, Wellert S, Holderer O. Mobility of bound water in PNIPAM microgels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14252-14259. [PMID: 34159987 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01823j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-solvent interactions play a crucial role in the stimuli-responsive behaviour of polymer networks. They influence the swelling/deswelling behaviour as well as the dynamics of the polymer chains. Scattering experiments provide insight into the polymer-water interaction of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) in dried and humidified state. The water mobility is studied by means of neutron spin-echo spectroscopy and neutron backscattering spectroscopy. The residual water amount has been determined with Karl Fischer titration. For both degrees of humidification, the relaxation time of the water molecules is much larger than that of free water due to the strong interactions with the polymer network and is only weakly depending on temperature and length scale of observation. The possible influence of the water on methyl group rotations is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kyrey
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Garching, Germany.
| | - Judith Witte
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Lutzki
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Garching, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wellert
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Holderer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Gao Y, Carvalho WSP, Fang C, Serpe MJ. Microgel-Based Stretchable Reservoir Devices for Elongation Enhanced Small Molecule Release Rate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19062-19068. [PMID: 32255333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-10% AAc) microgel-based reservoir devices were fabricated and used to control the release rate of the small molecule model drug tris(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylium chloride (crystal violet, CV) to solution by varying the Au layer thickness coating the microgels and device elongation. Specifically, we showed that CV could be loaded into the microgel layer of the devices via electrostatic interactions at pH 6.5, and the release could be triggered upon exposure to a pH 3.0 solution, which breaks the microgel-CV electrostatic interactions. We demonstrated that the rate of release could be increased by decreasing the Au layer thickness coating microgels and by stretching, that is, thin Au and high elongation promoted the relatively fast release of CV from the device. We found that the Au overlayer thickness (and porosity) dominated the observed release rate profiles when the device was not stretched (or at low elongation), while elongation-induced cracks dominated the release rate at high elongation. We also showed that the CV release kinetics could transition from low ("off") to high ("on"), which enhanced when the devices are stretched. This behavior could be exploited in the future for autonomous release systems that release small molecules when stretched by natural processes, for example, movement of joints and muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Changhao Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giussi JM, Martínez Moro M, Iborra A, Cortez ML, Di Silvio D, Llarena Conde I, Longo GS, Azzaroni O, Moya S. A study of the complex interaction between poly allylamine hydrochloride and negatively charged poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) microgels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:881-890. [PMID: 31942906 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Negatively charged poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (P(NIPAm-co-MAA)) microgels undergo size changes in response to changes in temperature and pH. Complexation of these microgels with positively charged polyelectrolytes can greatly affect their physical properties and their capacity for encapsulating active molecules. Here we study the interaction between (P(NIPAm-co-MAA)) microgels and a model positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly allylamine hydrochloride (PAH), with different molecular weights. Experiments were conducted at temperatures below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the microgel (30-32 °C), at 20 and 40 °C, respectively, and for PAH at molecular weights of 15, 50, and 140 kDa. Below the LCST, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements with molecular simulation show that for the 15 kDa PAH there is preferential accumulation of PAH inside the microgel, whereas for the higher molecular weight PAH, the polyelectrolyte deposits mainly on the microgel surface. Above the LCST, PAH is preferentially located on the surface of the microgels for all molecular weights studied as a result of charge segregation in the hydrogels. Confocal scanning laser microscopy and flow cytometry were used to quantify rhodamine labelled PAH associated with the microgel. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies give insight into the thermodynamics of the interaction of PAH with the hydrogels, and how this interaction is affected by the molecular weight of PAH. Finally, microgels with encapsulated doxorubicin were exposed to PAH, revealing that the drug is displaced from the microgel by the PAH chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marta Martínez Moro
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Agustín Iborra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - M Lorena Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Desiré Di Silvio
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Irantzu Llarena Conde
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Gabriel S Longo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teoricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nathani A, Sharma CS. Electrospun Mesoporous Poly(Styrene‐Block‐Methyl‐ Methacrylate) Nanofibers as Biosensing Platform: Effect of Fibers Porosity on Sensitivity. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Nathani
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials (CARBON) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad Kandi, Telangana 502285 India
| | - Chandra S. Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials (CARBON) LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad Kandi, Telangana 502285 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kyrey T, Witte J, Feoktystov A, Pipich V, Wu B, Pasini S, Radulescu A, Witt MU, Kruteva M, von Klitzing R, Wellert S, Holderer O. Inner structure and dynamics of microgels with low and medium crosslinker content prepared via surfactant-free precipitation polymerization and continuous monomer feeding approach. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6536-6546. [PMID: 31355828 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels via classical precipitation polymerization (batch method) and a continuous monomer feeding approach (feeding method) leads to different internal crosslinker distributions, i.e., from core-shell-like to a more homogeneous one. The internal structure and dynamics of these microgels with low and medium crosslinker concentrations are studied with dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering in a wide q-range below and above the volume phase transition temperature. The influence of the preparation method, and crosslinker and initiator concentration on the internal structure of the microgels is investigated. In contrast to the classical conception where polymer microgels possess a core-shell structure with the averaged internal polymer density distribution within the core part, a detailed view of the internal inhomogeneities of the PNIPAM microgels and the presence of internal domains even above the volume phase transition temperature, when polymer microgels are in the deswollen state, are presented. The correlation between initiator concentration and the size of internal domains that appear inside the microgel with temperature increase is demonstrated. Moreover, the influence of internal inhomogeneities on the dynamics of the batch- and feeding-microgels studied with neutron spin-echo spectroscopy is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kyrey
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany. and Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany and Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Judith Witte
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefano Pasini
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcus U Witt
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Department of Physics, Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wellert
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olaf Holderer
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentzum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Korde JM, Kandasubramanian B. Fundamentals and Effects of Biomimicking Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineering Functions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Korde
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Witte J, Kyrey T, Lutzki J, Dahl AM, Houston J, Radulescu A, Pipich V, Stingaciu L, Kühnhammer M, Witt MU, von Klitzing R, Holderer O, Wellert S. A comparison of the network structure and inner dynamics of homogeneously and heterogeneously crosslinked PNIPAM microgels with high crosslinker content. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1053-1064. [PMID: 30663759 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles were prepared via a "classical" surfactant-free precipitation polymerization and a continuous monomer feeding approach. It is anticipated that this yields microgel particles with different internal structures, namely a dense core with a fluffy shell for the classical approach and a more even crosslink distribution in the case of the continuous monomer feeding approach. A thorough structural investigation of the resulting microgels with dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and small angle neutron scattering was conducted and related to neutron spin echo spectroscopy data. In this way a link between structural and dynamic features of the internal polymer network was made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Witte
- Institute of Chemistry, TU Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MR, Azimi S, Teimoory F, Loppnow G, Serpe MJ. Isolation of RNA from a mixture and its detection by utilizing a microgel-based optical device. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we show that RNA can be separated from a solution containing DNA and RNA and the isolated RNA can be detected using poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride) microgel-based optical devices (etalons). The isolation of RNA was accomplished by using hairpin-functionalized magnetic beads (MMPDNA) and differential melting, based on the fact that the DNA–RNA hybrid duplex is stronger (i.e., high melting temperature) than the DNA–DNA duplex (i.e., low melting temperature). By performing concurrent etalon sensing and fluorescent studies, we found that the MMPDNA combined with differential melting was capable of selectively separating RNA from DNA. This selective separation and simple colorimetric detection of RNA from a mixture will help lead to future RNA-based disease diagnostic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Shakiba Azimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Faranak Teimoory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Glen Loppnow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sigolaeva LV, Pergushov DV, Oelmann M, Schwarz S, Brugnoni M, Kurochkin IN, Plamper FA, Fery A, Richtering W. Surface Functionalization by Stimuli-Sensitive Microgels for Effective Enzyme Uptake and Rational Design of Biosensor Setups. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E791. [PMID: 30960716 PMCID: PMC6403641 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight microgel/enzyme thin films that were deposited onto solid interfaces via two sequential steps, the adsorption of temperature- and pH-sensitive microgels, followed by their complexation with the enzyme choline oxidase, ChO. Two kinds of functional (ionic) microgels were compared in this work in regard to their adsorptive behavior and interaction with ChO, that is, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide), P(NIPAM-co-APMA), bearing primary amino groups, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]methacrylamide), P(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA), bearing tertiary amino groups. The stimuli-sensitive properties of the microgels in the solution were characterized by potentiometric titration, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and laser microelectrophoresis. The peculiarities of the adsorptive behavior of both the microgels and the specific character of their interaction with ChO were revealed by a combination of surface characterization techniques. The surface charge was characterized by electrokinetic analysis (EKA) for the initial graphite surface and the same one after the subsequent deposition of the microgels and the enzyme under different adsorption regimes. The masses of wet microgel and microgel/enzyme films were determined by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) upon the subsequent deposition of the components under the same adsorption conditions, on a surface of gold-coated quartz crystals. Finally, the enzymatic responses of the microgel/enzyme films deposited on graphite electrodes to choline were tested amperometrically. The presence of functional primary amino groups in the P(NIPAM-co-APMA) microgel enables a covalent enzyme-to-microgel coupling via glutar aldehyde cross-linking, thereby resulting in a considerable improvement of the biosensor operational stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Sigolaeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina Oelmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Monia Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ilya N Kurochkin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Felix A Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technical University of Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Combination of responsive microgels and photonic resonant nanostructures represents an intriguing technological tool for realizing tunable and reconfigurable platforms, especially useful for biochemical sensing applications. Interaction of light with microgel particles during their swelling/shrinking dynamics is not trivial because of the inverse relationships between their size and refractive index. In this work, we propose a reliable analytical model describing the optical properties of closed-packed assembly of surface-attached microgels, as a function of the external stimulus applied. The relationships between the refractive index and thickness of the equivalent microgel slab are derived from experimental observations based on conventional morphological analysis. The model is first validated in the case of temperature responsive microgels integrated on a plasmonic lab-on-fiber optrode, and also implemented in the same case study for an optical responsivity optimization problem. Overall, our model can be extended to other photonic platforms and different kind of microgels, independently from the nature of the stimulus inducing their swelling.
Collapse
|
13
|
Keidel R, Ghavami A, Lugo DM, Lotze G, Virtanen O, Beumers P, Pedersen JS, Bardow A, Winkler RG, Richtering W. Time-resolved structural evolution during the collapse of responsive hydrogels: The microgel-to-particle transition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao7086. [PMID: 29740608 PMCID: PMC5938240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive hydrogels, often termed smart materials, are macromolecules whose structure adjusts to external stimuli. Responsive micro- and nanogels are particularly interesting because the small length scale enables very fast response times. Chemical cross-links provide topological constraints and define the three-dimensional structure of the microgels, whereas their porous structure permits fast mass transfer, enabling very rapid structural adaption of the microgel to the environment. The change of microgel structure involves a unique transition from a flexible, swollen finite-size macromolecular network, characterized by a fuzzy surface, to a colloidal particle with homogeneous density and a sharp surface. In this contribution, we determine, for the first time, the structural evolution during the microgel-to-particle transition. Time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering experiments and computer simulations unambiguously reveal a two-stage process: In a first, very fast process, collapsed clusters form at the periphery, leading to an intermediate, hollowish core-shell structure that slowly transforms to a globule. This structural evolution is independent of the type of stimulus and thus applies to instantaneous transitions as in a temperature jump or to slower stimuli that rely on the uptake of active molecules from and/or exchange with the environment. The fast transitions of size and shape provide unique opportunities for various applications as, for example, in uptake and release, catalysis, or sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Keidel
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Ghavami
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dersy M. Lugo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lotze
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), ID02–Time-Resolved Ultra Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Otto Virtanen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Beumers
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andre Bardow
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Schinkelstrasse 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland G. Winkler
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.R.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.R.); (R.G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aliberti A, Ricciardi A, Giaquinto M, Micco A, Bobeico E, La Ferrara V, Ruvo M, Cutolo A, Cusano A. Microgel assisted Lab-on-Fiber Optrode. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14459. [PMID: 29089550 PMCID: PMC5663859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is continuously demanding for novel point of care systems, potentially exploitable also for in-vivo analysis. Biosensing probes based on Lab-On-Fiber Technology have been recently developed to meet these challenges. However, devices exploiting standard label-free approaches (based on ligand/target molecule interaction) suffer from low sensitivity in all cases where the detection of small molecules at low concentrations is needed. Here we report on a platform developed through the combination of Lab-On-Fiber probes with microgels, which are directly integrated onto the resonant plasmonic nanostructure realized on the fiber tip. In response to binding events, the microgel network concentrates the target molecule and amplifies the optical response, leading to remarkable sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, by acting on the microgel degrees of freedom such as concentration and operating temperature, it is possible to control the limit of detection, tune the working range as well as the response time of the probe. These unique characteristics pave the way for advanced label-free biosensing platforms, suitably reconfigurable depending on the specific application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aliberti
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Ricciardi
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - M Giaquinto
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Micco
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - E Bobeico
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - V La Ferrara
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, I-80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Cutolo
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Cusano
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng L, Liu S, Feng A, Yuan J. Polymeric Nanocarriers Based on Cyclodextrins for Drug Delivery: Host–Guest Interaction as Stimuli Responsive Linker. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2475-2486. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liao Peng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Senyang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Anchao Feng
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. This review highlights their use for sensing and biosensing, drug delivery, and artificial muscles/actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Star amphiphilic supramolecular copolymer based on host–guest interaction for electrochemical controlled drug delivery. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
18
|
Stimuli-Responsive Assemblies for Sensing Applications. Gels 2016; 2:gels2010008. [PMID: 30674140 PMCID: PMC6318645 DOI: 10.3390/gels2010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm)-based hydrogels and hydrogel particles (microgels) have been extensively studied since their discovery a number of decades ago. While their utility seems to have no limit, this feature article is focused on their development and application for sensing small molecules, macromolecules, and biomolecules. We highlight hydrogel/microgel-based photonic materials that have order in one, two, or three dimensions, which exhibit optical properties that depend on the presence and concentration of various analytes. A particular focus is put on one-dimensional materials developed in the Serpe Group.
Collapse
|
19
|
Späth A, Graf-Zeiler BA, Paradossi G, Ghugare S, Tzvetkov G, Fink RH. Quantitative X-ray microscopic analysis of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependent phase transition of individual thermoresponsive microgel particles in aqueous solution has been studied by high resolution soft X-ray transmission microscopy (STXM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Späth
- Physikalische Chemie II
- ICMM
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Birgit A. Graf-Zeiler
- Physikalische Chemie II
- ICMM
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | - Shivkumar Ghugare
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | - George Tzvetkov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Sofia
- 1164 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Rainer H. Fink
- Physikalische Chemie II
- ICMM
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Islam MR, Xie S, Huang D, Smyth K, Serpe MJ. Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) microgel-based optical devices for humidity sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 898:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Li X, Gao Y, Serpe MJ. Reductant-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels and microgel-based optical materials. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) based hydrogel particles (microgels) crosslinked with N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine were prepared using free-radical precipitation polymerization. By coating a single layer of microgels on a gold-coated glass substrate followed by the addition of another gold layer, an optical device (etalon) was fabricated. The devices were shown to exhibit optical properties that are typical of microgel-based etalons, i.e., they exhibit visual color and unique multipeak reflectance spectra. Unique to the devices here are their ability to change their optical properties in the presence of thiols. Specifically, in the presence of dithiothreitol, the microgel crosslinks were reduced, leading to microgel swelling, which ultimately changes the optical properties of the etalon. We observed a linear relationship between the shift in the position of the reflectance peaks and the concentration of dithiothreitol, which suggests that they can be used to quantify thiols in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Gao Y, Serpe MJ. Responsive Polymer-Based Assemblies for Sensing Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1382-92. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Responsive polymers have found numerous applications over the years. This review highlights their use as components of photonic materials, with emphasis on responsive polymer-based etalons. The use of these materials for sensing and biosensing is detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peng L, Zhang H, Feng A, Huo M, Wang Z, Hu J, Gao W, Yuan J. Electrochemical redox responsive supramolecular self-healing hydrogels based on host–guest interaction. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Guo S, Gao Y, Wei M, Zhang QM, Serpe MJ. Controlled release kinetics from a surface modified microgel-based reservoir device. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2516-2521. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01964d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of Si-based layers on top of a polymer-based “drug” delivery device allows fine-tuning of “drug” release kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sigolaeva LV, Gladyr SY, Gelissen APH, Mergel O, Pergushov DV, Kurochkin IN, Plamper FA, Richtering W. Dual-Stimuli-Sensitive Microgels as a Tool for Stimulated Spongelike Adsorption of Biomaterials for Biosensor Applications. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3735-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5010349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhana Yu. Gladyr
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arjan P. H. Gelissen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga Mergel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Kurochkin
- Department
of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Islam MR, Serpe MJ. A novel label-free colorimetric assay for DNA concentration in solution. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 843:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Gao Y, Ahiabu A, Serpe MJ. Controlled drug release from the aggregation-disaggregation behavior of pH-responsive microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13749-13756. [PMID: 25118818 DOI: 10.1021/am503200p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this submission, two independent sets of microgels were synthesized that exhibit pH responsivity over different solution pH ranges. The microgels were synthesized by copolymerizing two different comonomers with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm). The microgels copolymerized with acrylic acid exhibit a negative charge above pH 4.25, while the microgels copolymerized with N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide exhibit a positive charge below pH 8.4; these microgels are neutral outside of these pH ranges. We show that aggregates form when the two independent sets of microgels are exposed to one another in a solution that renders them both charged. Furthermore, in solutions of pH outside of this range, the microgels disaggregate because one of the microgels becomes neutralized. This behavior was exploited to load (aggregation) and release (disaggregation) a small-molecule model drug, methylene blue. This aggregate-based system is one example of how pNIPAm-based microgels can be used for controlled/triggered drug delivery, which can have implications for therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Islam MR, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang QM, Wei M, Serpe MJ. Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials for human health applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Peng L, Feng A, Huo M, Yuan J. Ferrocene-based supramolecular structures and their applications in electrochemical responsive systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13005-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
31
|
Islam MR, Ahiabu A, Li X, Serpe MJ. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel-based optical devices for sensing and biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:8984-95. [PMID: 24854361 PMCID: PMC4063031 DOI: 10.3390/s140508984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Responsive polymer-based materials have found numerous applications due to their ease of synthesis and the variety of stimuli that they can be made responsive to. In this review, we highlight the group's efforts utilizing thermoresponsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) microgel-based optical devices for various sensing and biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Andrews Ahiabu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Islam MR, Serpe MJ. Polymer-based devices for the label-free detection of DNA in solution: low DNA concentrations yield large signals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4777-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Islam MR, Gao Y, Li X, Serpe MJ. Responsive polymers for biosensing and protein delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2444-2451. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21657h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Responsive polymers have found their way into numerous sensing and drug delivery platforms; some examples of biosensing and protein delivery are highlighted here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Islam MR, Serpe MJ. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel-based thin film actuators for humidity sensing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this submission we fabricated a humidity-responsive polymer-based actuator by layering negatively charged poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgels and positively charged poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) on top of a flexible plastic substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng L, Feng A, Zhang H, Wang H, Jian C, Liu B, Gao W, Yuan J. Voltage-responsive micelles based on the assembly of two biocompatible homopolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
36
|
Jiang MY, Ju XJ, Fang L, Liu Z, Yu HR, Jiang L, Wang W, Xie R, Chen Q, Chu LY. A novel, smart microsphere with K(+)-induced shrinking and aggregating properties based on a responsive host-guest system. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19405-15. [PMID: 25325533 DOI: 10.1021/am505506v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of smart microspheres with K(+)-induced shrinking and aggregating properties is designed and developed on the basis of a K(+)-recognition host-guest system. The microspheres are composed of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acryloylamidobenzo-15-crown-5) (P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5)) networks. Due to the formation of stable 2:1 "sandwich-type" host-guest complexes between 15-crown-5 units and K(+) ions, the P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) microspheres significantly exhibit isothermally and synchronously K(+)-induced shrinking and aggregating properties at a low K(+) concentration, while other cations (e.g., Na(+), H(+), NH4(+), Mg(2+), or Ca(2+)) cannot trigger such response behaviors. Effects of chemical compositions of microspheres on the K(+)-induced shrinking and aggregating behaviors are investigated systematically. The K(+)-induced aggregating sensitivity of the P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) microspheres can be enhanced by increasing the content of crown ether units in the polymeric networks; however, it is nearly not influenced by varying the monomer and cross-linker concentrations in the microsphere preparation. State diagrams of the dispersed-to-aggregated transformation of P(NIPAM-co-AAB15C5) microspheres in aqueous solutions as a function of temperature and K(+) concentration are constructed, which provide valuable information for tuning the dispersed/aggregated states of microspheres by varying environmental K(+) concentration and temperature. The microspheres with synchronously K(+)-induced shrinking and aggregating properties proposed in this study provide a brand-new model for designing novel targeted drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu L, Serpe MJ. The influence of deposition solution pH and ionic strength on the quality of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel-based thin films and etalons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11977-11983. [PMID: 24191757 DOI: 10.1021/am403745k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel-based thin films and etalons were fabricated via "painting" a pNIPAm-co-AAc microgel monolayer on a Au-coated substrate, followed by the deposition of another Au overlayer. Herein, in situ observation of how the pH and ionic strength (I.S.) of the painting solution influenced microgel deposition and, ultimately, the optical homogeneity and pH sensitivity of the etalon was carried out. It was shown that microgels closely pack on the Au substrate when they are deposited at pH 3.0, leading to a good optical homogeneity. Additionally, increasing the painting solution I.S. leads to a slight decrease in microgel packing density on the substrate, but enhances the ability of the microgel layer to swell, exhibiting thicker polymer layers when immersed in pH 3.0 solutions. When painting at pH 7.5, the optical homogeneity of the etalon is improved at the expense of swellability, exaggerated high I.S. We also determined the device's sensitivity to pH changes and found a maximum sensitivity when the microgels were deposited at pH 7.5 with an I.S. of 10 mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao Y, Zago GP, Jia Z, Serpe MJ. Controlled and triggered small molecule release from a confined polymer film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9803-9808. [PMID: 24063561 DOI: 10.1021/am4029894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A device composed of a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel layer sandwiched between two thin Au layers (all on a glass support) was used as a novel platform for controlled and triggered small molecule delivery. Tris (4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylium chloride (Crystal Violet, CV), which is positively charged, was loaded into the microgel layer of the device and released in a pH dependent fashion, at a rate that could be controlled by the thickness of the Au layer coating the microgels. Specifically, at pH 6.5 (above the pKa for AAc) the microgels were negatively charged, promoting the strong interaction between the CV and the microgels, hindering its release from the layer. At pH 3.0 the microgel's AAc groups are protonated making the microgel mostly neutral, allowing CV to be released from the microgel layer at a rate that depends on the thickness of the Au covering the microgels. Specifically, devices with thin Au overlayers on the microgel layer allow CV to be released from the device faster than devices with thick Au overlayers. The ability to tune the release rate with pH and Au layer thickness is advantageous for developing implantable devices that are capable of releasing small molecule drugs in a triggered and controlled fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Islam MR, Li X, Smyth K, Serpe MJ. Polymer-Based Muscle Expansion and Contraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
40
|
Islam MR, Li X, Smyth K, Serpe MJ. Polymer-Based Muscle Expansion and Contraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10330-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Responsive polymers for analytical applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:17-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|