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Patarroyo J, Bastús NG, Puntes V. Sculpting Windows onto AuAg Hollow Cubic Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2590. [PMID: 37764620 PMCID: PMC10538185 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Using surfactants in the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) offers a versatile approach to modulating hollow metal nanocrystal (NC) morphology and composition. Among the various surfactants available, quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants are commonly utilised. However, understanding how they precisely influence morphological features, such as the size and void distribution, is still limited. In this study, we aim to uncover how adding different surfactants-CTAB, CTAC, CTApTS, and PVP-can fine-tune the morphological characteristics of AuAg hollow NCs synthesised via GRR at room temperature. Our findings reveal that the halide counterion in the surfactant significantly controls void formation within the hollow structure. When halogenated surfactants, such as CTAB or CTAC, are employed, multichambered opened nanoboxes are formed. In contrast, with non-halogenated CTApTS, single-walled closed nanoboxes with irregularly thick walls form. Furthermore, when PVP, a polymer surfactant, is utilised, changes in concentration lead to the production of well-defined single-walled closed nanoboxes. These observations highlight the role of surfactants in tailoring the morphology of hollow NCs synthesised through GRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Patarroyo
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus G. Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Zhang H, Wang R, Sikdar D, Wu L, Sun J, Gu N, Chen Y. Plasmonic Superlattice Membranes Based on Bimetallic Nano-Sea Urchins as High-Performance Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platforms. ACS Sens 2022; 7:622-631. [PMID: 35157439 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of an abundance of elemental plasmonic nanocrystals identifiable by their unique morphology and intrinsic optoelectronic properties, it is necessary to rationally tailor the structural parameters to optimize the functionalities of nanoassemblies for application as plasmonic circuits/devices. Among them, the plasmonic superlattice membrane has emerged as a novel optically active metamaterial, which is constructed by nanocrystals at a two-dimensional (2D) plane with a highly ordered structure and strong plasmonic coupling interactions. Here, we report on the fabrication of a novel plasmonic superlattice membrane using bimetallic core-shell nano-sea urchins (Nano-SEUs) as meta-atoms. Under the guidance of soft-ligand balancing in conjugation with drying-mediated self-assembly at the air/water interface, well-defined giant 2D superlattices with total lateral dimensions of up to 5 mm wide and 80 nm thick have been synthesized, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 62 500. Programmable morphology control over the Nano-SEUs has been achieved in high yield by rationally tuning the spiky branches as well as the thickness of the silver shell, allowing systematic variation of the plasmonic properties of the membrane. Such superlattice membranes exhibited a strong and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal that originates from interparticle coupling and electric (E)-field enhancement, enabling an enhancement factor of up to 106. We also demonstrated that the fabricated membrane allows the label-free SERS detection of dopamine from 0.1 nM to 1 μM. Thus, this giant Nano-SEU assembled superlattice membrane can be used as a SERS substrate for on-spot biomarker detection, which paves a robust and inexpensive avenue for highly sensitive and reliable biomedical sensing and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Linyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiacen Sun
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Sun C, Wang W, Sun X, Chu W, Yang J, Dai J, Ju Y. An intrinsically thermogenic nanozyme for synergistic antibacterial therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8323-8334. [PMID: 34783326 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01390d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections with a high mortality rate have become serious health issues for human beings. As natural enzymes play an important role in the survival and proliferation of bacteria, effective inhibition of bacterial natural enzyme activities is important for antimicrobial therapy. Herein, a novel enzymatic antibacterial strategy, of enhancing nanozyme activity but reducing bacterial natural enzyme activity, is developed based on yolk-shell Fe2C@Fe3O4-PEG thermogenic nanozymes with highly magnetothermal properties and thermal-enhanced peroxidase-like activities. When applying an alternating magnetic field, the special yolk-shell Fe2C@Fe3O4-PEG nanozymes show a better magnetothermal effect than Fe2C (yolk) and Fe3O4 (shell) due to the increased value of their magnetic energy product, and the peroxidase-like activity of the nanozymes is further improved. Meanwhile, remarkably restrained by the enhanced magnetothermal effect from the nanozymes, typical natural enzyme activities of bacteria are detected with an inhibition rate of nearly 80%. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments exhibit superior synergistic antibacterial efficacy. The antimicrobial mechanisms are explained as the reduction of natural enzyme activities and the disruption of cell walls and membranes induced by the self-magnetothermal effect of nanozymes along with the production of abundant ˙OH radicals derived from the thermal-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of nanozymes. Overall, this work focuses on an intrinsically thermogenic nanozyme, which provides a potential platform for future synergistic antibacterial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Sun
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenqian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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4
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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5
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6
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Cheng MJ, Bal NN, Prabakaran P, Kumar R, Webster TJ, Sridhar S, Ebong EE. Ultrasmall gold nanorods: synthesis and glycocalyx-related permeability in human endothelial cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:319-333. [PMID: 30697044 PMCID: PMC6340363 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical data show shed endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) components in blood samples of atherosclerotic patients, linking atherosclerotic development to endothelial GCX integrity. Healthy GCX has pores no >7 nm, and shed GCX has even larger pores. Therefore, we suggest targeting and treating atherosclerosis-prone blood vessels by using nanoscale vehicles to deliver drugs via the nanoscale GCX as it becomes dysfunctional. Materials and methods To test our idea, we investigated permeability of nanoparticles in endothelium, as related to a GCX expression. The present work involves nanorods, which are expected to interact with larger portions of endothelial cell (EC) membranes, due to surface area of the nanorod long axis. Conventional nanorod diameters are orders of magnitude larger than the GCX pore size, so we adapted conventional synthesis methods to fabricate ultrasmall gold nanorods (GNRs). Our ultrasmall GNRs have an aspect ratio of 3.4, with a length of 27.9±3.1 nm and a diameter of 8.2±1.4 nm. In addition, we produced GNRs that are biocompatible and fluorescently visible, by coating the surface with functionalized polyethylene glycol and Alexa Fluor 647. To study GNR–GCX interactions, we used human ECs, for species relevance. Results Under life-like flow conditions, the human ECs are densely covered with a 1.3 µm thick layer of GCX, which coincides with minimal GNR permeability. When the GCX is weakened from lack of flow (static culture) or the presence of GCX degradation enzyme in the flow stream, the GCX shows 40% and 60% decreased thickness, respectively. GCX weakness due to lack of flow only slightly increases cellular permeability to GNRs, while GCX weakness due to the presence of enzyme in the flow leads to substantial increase in GNR permeability. Conclusion These results clarify that the GCX structure is an avenue through which drug-carrying nanoparticles can be delivered for targeting affected blood vessels to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming J Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA,
| | - Nandita N Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA,
| | - Priya Prabakaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA,
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Millipore Sigma, Milwaukee,WI, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA, .,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA, .,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston,MA, USA, .,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,
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7
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Li GG, Sun M, Villarreal E, Pandey S, Phillpot SR, Wang H. Galvanic Replacement-Driven Transformations of Atomically Intermixed Bimetallic Colloidal Nanocrystals: Effects of Compositional Stoichiometry and Structural Ordering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4340-4350. [PMID: 29566338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic replacement reactions dictated by deliberately designed nanoparticulate templates have emerged as a robust and versatile approach that controllably transforms solid monometallic nanocrystals into a diverse set of architecturally more sophisticated multimetallic hollow nanostructures. The galvanic atomic exchange at the nanoparticle/liquid interfaces induces a series of intriguing structure-transforming processes that interplay over multiple time and length scales. Using colloidal Au-Cu alloy and intermetallic nanoparticles as structurally and compositionally fine-tunable bimetallic sacrificial templates, we show that atomically intermixed bimetallic nanocrystals undergo galvanic replacement-driven structural transformations remarkably more complicated than those of their monometallic counterparts. We interpret the versatile structure-transforming behaviors of the bimetallic nanocrystals in the context of a unified mechanistic picture that rigorously interprets the interplay of three key structure-evolutionary pathways: dealloying, Kirkendall diffusion, and Ostwald ripening. By deliberately tuning the compositional stoichiometry and atomic-level structural ordering of the Au-Cu bimetallic nanocrystals, we have been able to fine-maneuver the relative rates of dealloying and Kirkendall diffusion with respect to that of Ostwald ripening through which an entire family of architecturally distinct complex nanostructures are created in a selective and controllable manner upon galvanic replacement reactions. The insights gained from our systematic comparative studies form a central knowledge framework that allows us to fully understand how multiple classic effects and processes interplay within the confinement by a colloidal nanocrystal to synergistically guide the structural transformations of complex nanostructures at both the atomic and nanoparticulate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfang Grace Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Esteban Villarreal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Shubham Pandey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Simon R Phillpot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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8
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Lin LS, Song J, Yang HH, Chen X. Yolk-Shell Nanostructures: Design, Synthesis, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704639. [PMID: 29280201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Yolk-shell nanostructures (YSNs) composed of a core within a hollow cavity surrounded by a porous outer shell have received tremendous research interest owing to their unique structural features, fascinating physicochemical properties, and widespread potential applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of YSNs is presented. The synthetic strategies toward YSNs are divided into four categories, including hard-templating, soft-templating, self-templating, and multimethod combination synthesis. For the hard- or soft-templating strategies, different types of rigid or vesicle templates are used for making YSNs. For the self-templating strategy, a number of unconventional synthetic methods without additional templates are introduced. For the multimethod combination strategy, various methods are applied together to produce YSNs that cannot be obtained directly by only a single method. The biomedical applications of YSNs including biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy are discussed in detail. Moreover, the potential superiority of YSNs for these applications is also highlighted. Finally, some perspectives on the future research and development of YSNs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sen Lin
- MOE key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- MOE key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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9
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Zhang Z, Bando K, Taguchi A, Mochizuki K, Sato K, Yasuda H, Fujita K, Kawata S. Au-Protected Ag Core/Satellite Nanoassemblies for Excellent Extra-/Intracellular Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44027-44037. [PMID: 29171749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their assembled nanostructures such as core/satellite nanoassemblies are quite attractive in plasmonic-based applications. However, one biggest drawback of the AgNPs is the poor chemical stability which also greatly limits their applications. We report fine Au coating on synthesized quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNSs) with few atomic layers to several nanometers by stoichiometric method. The fine Au coating layer was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping and aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The optimized minimal thickness of Au coating layer on different sized AgNSs (22 nm Ag@0.9 nm Au, 44 nm Ag@1.8 nm Au, 75 nm Ag@2.9 nm Au, and 103 nm Ag@0.9 nm Au) was determined by extreme chemical stability tests using H2O2, NaSH, and H2S gas. The thin Au coating layer on AgNSs did not affect their plasmonic-based applications. The core/satellite assemblies based on Ag@Au NPs showed the comparable SERS intensity and uniformity three times higher than that of noncoated Ag core/satellites. The Ag@Au core/satellites also showed high stability in intracellular SERS imaging for at least two days, while the SERS of the noncoated Ag core/satellites decayed significantly. These spherical Ag@Au NPs can be widely used and have great advantages in plasmon-based applications, intracellular SERS probes, and other biological and analytical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Kazuki Bando
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sato
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yasuda
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Sikdar D, Kornyshev AA. Theory of tailorable optical response of two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at dielectric interfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33712. [PMID: 27652788 PMCID: PMC5031966 DOI: 10.1038/srep33712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at interfaces are promising candidates for novel optical metamaterials. Such systems materialise from ‘top–down’ patterning or ‘bottom–up’ self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid/liquid or liquid/solid interfaces. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of an extended effective quasi-static four-layer-stack model for the description of plasmon-resonance-enhanced optical responses of such systems. We investigate in detail the effects of the size of nanoparticles, average interparticle separation, dielectric constants of the media constituting the interface, and the nanoparticle position relative to the interface. Interesting interplays of these different factors are explored first for normally incident light. For off-normal incidence, the strong effects of the polarisation of light are found at large incident angles, which allows to dynamically tune the reflectance spectra. All the predictions of the theory are tested against full-wave simulations, proving this simplistic model to be adequate within the quasi-static limit. The model takes seconds to calculate the system’s optical response and makes it easy to unravel the effect of each system parameter. This helps rapid rationalization of experimental data and understanding of the optical signals from these novel ‘metamaterials’, optimised for light reflection or harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhang J, Wang T, Chang X, Li A, Gong J. Fabrication of porous nanoflake BiMO x (M = W, V, and Mo) photoanodes via hydrothermal anion exchange. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6381-6386. [PMID: 28451093 PMCID: PMC5356035 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Bi-based photoelectrodes have suitable band gaps and can effectively promote the water oxidation reaction. However, simple preparation methods for Bi-based binary metal oxides as photoanodes are scarce. This paper describes a simple hydrothermal anion exchange method to synthesize Bi-based binary metal oxides with controlled morphologies. This synthesis process uses BiOI as the template and Bi source, which is eventually converted to Bi-based porous nanoflake photoanodes upon reaction with MO x (M = W, V, and Mo)-containing precursors. The photoanodes show well-shaped porous nanoflake morphologies and exhibit impressive photoelectrochemical properties compared to Bi-based photoanodes synthesized by conventional methods. These three samples possess long-term stability under solar irradiation and show considerable photocurrent for sulfite oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China .
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China .
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China .
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China .
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China .
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12
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Nan F, Xie FM, Liang S, Ma L, Yang DJ, Liu XL, Wang JH, Cheng ZQ, Yu XF, Zhou L, Wang QQ, Zeng J. Growth of metal-semiconductor core-multishell nanorods with optimized field confinement and nonlinear enhancement. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11969-75. [PMID: 27241031 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a facile method for the synthesis of Au/AuAg/Ag2S/PbS core-multishell nanorods with double trapping layers. The synthesis, in sequence, involved deposition of Ag shells onto the surfaces of Au nanorod seeds, formation of AuAg shells by a galvanic replacement reaction, and overgrowth of the Ag2S shells and PbS shells. The resulting core-multishell nanorod possesses an air gap between the Au core and the AuAg shell. Together with the Ag2S shell, the air gap can efficiently trap light, causing strong field confinement and nonlinear enhancement. The as-prepared Au/AuAg/Ag2S/PbS core-multishell nanorods display distinct localized surface plasmon resonance and nonlinear optical properties, demonstrating an effective pathway for maneuvering the optical properties of nanocavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Fang-Ming Xie
- School of the Gifted Young, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China. and Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Da-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Qu-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China. and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China.
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13
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Wang X, Feng J, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Yin Y. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Hollow Micro-/Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10983-1060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1044] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
Chromisms related to noble metal nanostructures are classified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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15
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Sikdar D, Hasan SB, Urbakh M, Edel JB, Kornyshev AA. Unravelling the optical responses of nanoplasmonic mirror-on-mirror metamaterials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20486-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-static effective medium theory for mirror-on-mirror platforms based on arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles coupled to a thin metallic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Shakeeb B. Hasan
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS)
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Michael Urbakh
- School of Chemistry
- University of Tel-Aviv
- Ramat-Aviv
- Israel
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
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16
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Lakhani PM, Rompicharla SVK, Ghosh B, Biswas S. An overview of synthetic strategies and current applications of gold nanorods in cancer treatment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:432001. [PMID: 26446935 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/43/432001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy, also referred to as optical hyperthermia or photothermal ablation, is an emerging strategy for treating solid tumours. Colloidal gold converts the absorbed light into localized heat via a non-radiative mechanism, surface plasmon resonance, which ablates the solid tumours. Several plasmon resonating nanostructures, including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), gold nanorods (AuNRs), gold nanoshells, gold nanocages, copper sulphide and carbon nanotubes, have shown potential for photo-activated cancer therapy. Generally, spherical AuNPs display absorption maxima between 500-550 nm, making them inefficient due to low tissue penetration. On the other hand, AuNRs absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) region that penetrates deeper with higher spatial precision, and causes no damage to the surrounding healthy tissues due to the low energy absorption of NIR light by normal tissue. Moreover, the absorption range of light can be fine-tuned to the NIR region by adjusting the aspect ratios of AuNRs. However, large-scale synthesis and stability of this colloidal system still poses challenges for clinical translation. In this review, we discuss various strategies applied up to now for the synthesis of AuNRs. Current trends in the pre-clinical development of multifunctional AuNRs with emphasis on preparation and application strategies in cancer therapy have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Manish Lakhani
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Telangana, 500078, India
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17
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Lin M, Wang Y, Sun X, Wang W, Chen L. "Elastic" property of mesoporous silica shell: for dynamic surface enhanced Raman scattering ability monitoring of growing noble metal nanostructures via a simplified spatially confined growth method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7516-25. [PMID: 25815901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Raman enhancing ability of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an important factor for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate screening, which is generally evaluated by simply mixing as-prepared NPs with Raman reporters for Raman signal measurements. This method usually leads to incredible results because of the NP surface coverage nonuniformity and reporter-induced NP aggregation. Moreover, it cannot realize in situ, continuous SERS characterization. Herein, we proposed a dynamic SERS monitoring strategy for NPs with precisely tuned structures based on a simplified spatially confined NP growth method. Gold nanorod (AuNR) seed NPs were coated with a mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shell. The permeability of mSiO2 for both reactive species and Raman reporters rendered the silver overcoating reaction and SERS indication of NP growth. Additionally, the mSiO2 coating ensured monodisperse NP growth in a Raman reporter-rich reaction system. Moreover, "elastic" features of mSiO2 were observed for the first time, which is crucial for holding the growing NP without breakage. This feature makes the mSiO2 coating adhere to metal NPs throughout the growing process, providing a stable Raman reporter distribution microenvironment near the NPs and ensuring that the substrate's SERS ability comparison is accurate. Three types of NPs, i.e., core-shell Au@AgNR@mSiO2, Au@AuNR@mSiO2, and yolk-shell Au@void@AuNR@mSiO2 NPs, were synthesized via core-shell overgrowth and galvanic replacement methods, showing the versatility of the approach. The living cell SERS labeling ability of Au@AgNR@mSiO2-based tags was also demonstrated. This strategy addresses the problems of multiple batch NP preparation, aggregation, and surface adsorption differentiation, which is a breakthrough for the dynamic comparison of SERS ability of metal NPs with precisely tuned structures and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- †School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
- §Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- §Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiuyan Sun
- †School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- §Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- §Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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18
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Xiong W, Sikdar D, Yap LW, Premaratne M, Li X, Cheng W. Multilayered core-satellite nanoassemblies with fine-tunable broadband plasmon resonances. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3445-52. [PMID: 25644681 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06756h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on a robust nanotemplating approach to synthesize plasmonic multilayered core-satellite (MCS) nanoassemblies. Templated with gold nanorods, ultrathin Au/Ag alloy cages and satellite gold nanoparticles can be constructed sequentially by galvanic replacement reactions and electrostatic self-assembly, respectively, forming structurally well-defined MCS. The MCS nanoassemblies exhibit strong broadband plasmon resonances from ∼440 to ∼1100 nm, and their resonant features can be fine-tuned by adjusting the size and number density of satellite nanoparticles and by adjusting the thickness of the silica spacer between cage and satellite particles. Such fine-engineered MCS nanoassemblies enable precise programming of the strength and distribution of "hot spots" to maximize the overall enhancement of surface enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Guo P, Sikdar D, Huang X, Si KJ, Xiong W, Gong S, Yap LW, Premaratne M, Cheng W. Plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles for SERS detection of the pesticide thiram: size- and shape-dependent Raman enhancement. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2862-8. [PMID: 25599516 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigated the size- and shape-dependent SERS activities of plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles towards detection of the pesticide thiram. Monodisperse Au@Ag nanocubes (NCs) and Au@Ag nanocuboids (NBs) were synthesized and their Ag shell thickness was precisely adjusted from ∼1 nm to ∼16 nm. All these nanoparticles were used as SERS substrates for thiram detection, and the Raman intensities with three different lasers (514 nm, 633 nm and 782 nm) were recorded and compared. Our results clearly show that: (1) the excitation wavelength discriminated particle shapes regardless of particle sizes, and the maximized Raman enhancement was observed when the excitation wavelength approaches the SERS peak (provided there is significant local electric field confinement on the plasmonic nanostructures at that wavelength); (2) at the optimized laser wavelength, the maximum Raman enhancement was achieved at a certain threshold of particle size (or silver coating thickness). By exciting particles at their optimized sizes with the corresponding optimized laser wavelengths, we achieved a detection limit of roughly around 100 pM and 80 pM for NCs and NBs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Guo
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150080, P.R. China.
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20
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Polavarapu L, Mourdikoudis S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J. Nanocrystal engineering of noble metals and metal chalcogenides: controlling the morphology, composition and crystallinity. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Li K, Wang Y, Cai F, Yu J, Wang S, Zhu Z, Chu L, Zhang H, Qian J, He S. Nonlinear optical properties of Au/Ag alloyed nanoboxes and their applications in both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging under long-wavelength femtosecond laser excitation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10752g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesize Au/Ag alloyed nanoboxes (ANBs) with different LSPR (localized surface plasmon resonance) peak wavelengths and observe their various nonlinear optical properties.
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22
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Xiong W, Mazid R, Yap LW, Li X, Cheng W. Plasmonic caged gold nanorods for near-infrared light controlled drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14388-14393. [PMID: 25333569 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new near-infrared light-controlled drug delivery system based on caged gold nanorods (CGNRs) is demonstrated. The loading and release process of drug payloads into/from CGNR nanocarriers were systematically investigated. The drug-loaded CGNR constructs could enable combined chemotherapy and photo-thermal effects in killing tumor cells upon light irradiation, therefore, enhance the killing efficiency. In conjunction with visibility under quenching-free dark-field imaging, CGNRs may serve as multifunctional theranostic reagents towards cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Ye X, Shi H, He X, Wang K, Li D, Qiu P. Gold nanorod-seeded synthesis of Au@Ag/Au nanospheres with broad and intense near-infrared absorption for photothermal cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3667-3673. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A shape-controllable and spectrum-adjustable synthesis strategy is proposed to develop Au@Ag/Au nanoparticles with intense NIR-absorption, efficacious thermotherapy and low dark-cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Pengchao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Biology
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
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