1
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Chatterjee A, Mondal P, Chakraborty P, Kumar B, Mandal S, Rizzoli C, Saha R, Adhikary B, Dey SK. Strategic Synthesis of Heptacoordinated Fe III Bifunctional Complexes for Efficient Water Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307832. [PMID: 37477221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this research, highly efficient heterogeneous bifunctional (BF) electrocatalysts (ECs) have been strategically designed by Fe coordination (CR ) complexes, [Fe2 L2 (H2 O)2 Cl2 ] (C1) and [Fe2 L2 (H2 O)2 (SO4 )].2(CH4 O) (C2) where the high seven CR number synergistically modifies the electronic environment of the Fe centre for facilitation of H2 O electrolysis. The electronic status of Fe and its adjacent atomic sites have been further modified by the replacement of -Cl- in C1 by -SO4 2- in C2. Interestingly, compared to C1, the O-S-O bridged C2 reveals superior BF activity with extremely low overpotential (η) at 10 mA cm-2 (140 mVOER , 62 mVHER ) and small Tafel slope (120.9 mV dec-1 OER , 45.8 mV dec-1 HER ). Additionally, C2 also facilitates a high-performance alkaline H2 O electrolyzer with cell voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm-2 and exhibits remarkable long-term stability. Thus, exploration of the intrinsic properties of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based ECs opens up a new approach to the rational design of a wide range of molecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Papri Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Engineering Science and Technology, 711103, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Bidyapati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Sourav Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Dipartimento S.C.V.S.A., Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Rajat Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, 713340, Asansol, WB, India
| | - Bibhutosh Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Engineering Science and Technology, 711103, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Subrata K Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
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2
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Zhang H, Su X, Xie F, Liao R, Zhang M. Iron‐Catalyzed Water Oxidation: O–O Bond Formation via Intramolecular Oxo–Oxo Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Tao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiao‐Jun Su
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Rong‐Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ming‐Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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4
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Zhang HT, Su XJ, Xie F, Liao RZ, Zhang MT. Iron-Catalyzed Water Oxidation: O-O Bond Formation via Intramolecular Oxo-Oxo Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12467-12474. [PMID: 33769654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the importance of structure regulation on the O-O bond formation process in binuclear iron catalysts. Three complexes, [Fe2 (μ-O)(OH2 )2 (TPA)2 ]4+ (1), [Fe2 (μ-O)(OH2 )2 (6-HPA)]4+ (2) and [Fe2 (μ-O)(OH2 )2 (BPMAN)]4+ (3), have been designed as electrocatalysts for water oxidation in 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution (pH 8.4). We found that 1 and 2 are molecular catalysts and that O-O bond formation proceeds via oxo-oxo coupling rather than by the water nucleophilic attack (WNA) pathway. In contrast, complex 3 displays negligible catalytic activity. DFT calculations suggested that the anti to syn isomerization of the two high-valent Fe=O moieties in these catalysts takes place via the axial rotation of one Fe=O unit around the Fe-O-Fe center. This is followed by the O-O bond formation via an oxo-oxo coupling pathway at the FeIV FeIV state or via oxo-oxyl coupling pathway at the FeIV FeV state. Importantly, the rigid BPMAN ligand in complex 3 limits the anti to syn isomerization and axial rotation of the Fe=O moiety, which accounts for the negligible catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Su
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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5
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Li J, Triana CA, Wan W, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Zhao Y, Balaghi SE, Heidari S, Patzke GR. Molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts: recent progress and joint perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2444-2485. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent synthetic and mechanistic progress in molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts highlights the new, overarching strategies for knowledge transfer and unifying design concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. A. Triana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - W. Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. E. Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. Heidari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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6
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Reckziegel A, Pietzonka C, Kraus F, Werncke CG. C-H Bond Activation by an Imido Cobalt(III) and the Resulting Amido Cobalt(II) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8527-8531. [PMID: 32119164 PMCID: PMC7318117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 3d-metal mediated nitrene transfer is under intense scrutiny due to its potential as an atom economic and ecologically benign way for the directed amination of (un)functionalised C-H bonds. Here we present the isolation and characterisation of a rare, trigonal imido cobalt(III) complex, which bears a rather long cobalt-imido bond. It can cleanly cleave strong C-H bonds with a bond dissociation energy of up to 92 kcal mol-1 in an intermolecular fashion, unprecedented for imido cobalt complexes. This resulted in the amido cobalt(II) complex [Co(hmds)2 (NHt Bu)]- . Kinetic studies on this reaction revealed an H atom transfer mechanism. Remarkably, the cobalt(II) amide itself is capable of mediating H atom abstraction or stepwise proton/electron transfer depending on the substrate. A cobalt-mediated catalytic application for substrate dehydrogenation using an organo azide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Clemens Pietzonka
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich 15/ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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7
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Reckziegel A, Pietzonka C, Kraus F, Werncke CG. C‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung durch einen Imidocobalt(III)‐ und den resultierenden Amidocobalt(II)‐Komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Clemens Pietzonka
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich 15/Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
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8
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Zahran ZN, Tsubonouchi Y, Mohamed EA, Yagi M. Recent Advances in the Development of Molecular Catalyst-Based Anodes for Water Oxidation toward Artificial Photosynthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1775-1793. [PMID: 30793506 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic water oxidation represents a bottleneck for developing artificial photosynthetic systems that store solar energy as renewable fuels. A variety of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) have been reported over the last two decades. In view of their applications in artificial photosynthesis devices, it is essential to immobilize molecular catalysts onto the surfaces of conducting/semiconducting supports for fabricating efficient and stable water oxidation anodes/photoanodes. Molecular WOC-based anodes are essential for developing photovoltaic artificial photosynthesis devices and, moreover, the performance of molecular WOC on anodes will provide important insight into designing extended molecular WOC-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. This Review concerns recent progress in the development of molecular WOC-based anodes over the last two decades and looks at the prospects for using such anodes in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
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9
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Lloret-Fillol J, Costas M. Water oxidation at base metal molecular catalysts. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Huang B, Shi C, Yang C, Xia W. Visible-Light-Mediated Ring-Opening Strategy for the Regiospecific Allylation/Formylation of Cycloalkanols. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9696-9706. [PMID: 30067027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a straightforward and efficient approach for regiospecific introduction of an allyl group into cycloalkanol molecules employing a visible-light-mediated ring-opening strategy. A wide range of distally allylated or formylated ketones is furnished from 1-aryl cycloalkanol precursors of variable ring sizes, providing a concise and practical access for the modification of complex natural products. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the key O-centered radicals mediate the sequential ring cleavage and allylation/formylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Binbin Huang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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11
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Kottrup KG, D’Agostini S, van Langevelde PH, Siegler MA, Hetterscheid DGH. Catalytic Activity of an Iron-Based Water Oxidation Catalyst: Substrate Effects of Graphitic Electrodes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:1052-1061. [PMID: 29430332 PMCID: PMC5805403 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical studies of
the dinuclear complex [(MeOH)Fe(Hbbpya)-μ-O-(Hbbpya)Fe(MeOH)](OTf)4 (1) (with Hbbpya = N,N-bis(2,2′-bipyrid-6-yl)amine)
are described. With the help of online electrochemical mass spectrometry,
the complex is demonstrated to be active as a water oxidation catalyst.
Comparing the results obtained for different electrode materials shows
a clear substrate influence of the electrode, as the complex shows
a significantly lower catalytic overpotential on graphitic working
electrodes in comparison to other electrode materials. Cyclic voltammetry
experiments provide evidence that the structure of complex 1 undergoes reversible changes under high-potential conditions, regenerating
the original structure of complex 1 upon returning to
lower potentials. Results from electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance
experiments rule out that catalysis proceeds via deposition of catalytically
active material on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Kottrup
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia D’Agostini
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Phebe H. van Langevelde
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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12
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Li J, Banerjee A, Preston DR, Shay BJ, Adhikary A, Sevilla MD, Loloee R, Staples RJ, Chavez FA. Thermally Induced Oxidation of [Fe II(tacn) 2](OTf) 2 (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017; 2017:5529-5535. [PMID: 30416372 PMCID: PMC6221196 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the spin-crossover (SC) properties of [FeII(tacn)2](OTf)2 (1) (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) [Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 2115]. Upon heating under dynamic vacuum, 1 undergoes oxidation to generate a low spin iron(III) complex. The oxidation of the iron center was found to be facilitated by initial oxidation of the ligand via loss of an H atom. The resulting complex was hypothesized to have the formulation [FeIII(tacn)(tacn-H)](OTf)2 (2) where tacn-H is N-deprotonated tacn. The formulation was confirmed by ESI-MS. The powder EPR spectrum of the oxidized product at 77 K reveals the formation of a low-spin iron(III) species with rhombic spectrum (g = 1.98, 2.10, 2.19). We have indirectly detected H2 formation during the heating of 1 by reacting the headspace with HgO. Formation of water (1HNMR in anhydrous d6-DMSO) and elemental mercury were observed. To further support this claim, we independently synthesized [FeIII(tacn)2](OTf)3 (3) and treated it with one equiv base yielding 2. The structures of 3 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 2 also exhibits a low spin iron(III) rhombic signal (g = 1.97, 2.11, 2.23) in DMF at 77 K. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that 3 undergoes gradual spin increase from 2 to 400 K. DFT studies indicate that the deprotonated nitrogen in 2 forms a bond to iron(III) exhibiting double bond character (Fe-N, 1.807 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Atanu Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Debra R Preston
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Brian J Shay
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0632, USA
| | - Amitiva Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Michael D Sevilla
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
| | - Reza Loloee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1044, USA
| | - Ferman A Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4477, USA
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13
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Ansari A, Ansari M, Singha A, Rajaraman G. Interplay of Electronic Cooperativity and Exchange Coupling in Regulating the Reactivity of Diiron(IV)-oxo Complexes towards C−H and O−H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2017; 23:10110-10125. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry; CUH Haryana; Haryana 123031 India
| | | | - Asmita Singha
- Department of Chemistry; IIT Bombay; Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076 India
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14
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15
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Yayla HG, Wang H, Tarantino KT, Orbe HS, Knowles RR. Catalytic Ring-Opening of Cyclic Alcohols Enabled by PCET Activation of Strong O-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10794-7. [PMID: 27515494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new photocatalytic protocol for the redox-neutral isomerization of cyclic alcohols to linear ketones via C-C bond scission. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that key alkoxy radical intermediates in this reaction are generated via the direct homolytic activation of alcohol O-H bonds in an unusual intramolecular PCET process, wherein the electron travels to a proximal radical cation in concert with proton transfer to a weak Brønsted base. Effective bond strength considerations are shown to accurately forecast the feasibility of alkoxy radical generation with a given oxidant/base pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice G Yayla
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Huaiju Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kyle T Tarantino
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hudson S Orbe
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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16
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Miller DC, Tarantino KT, Knowles RR. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis: Fundamentals, Applications, and Opportunities. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:30. [PMID: 27573270 PMCID: PMC5107260 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfers (PCETs) are unconventional redox processes in which both protons and electrons are exchanged, often in a concerted elementary step. While PCET is now recognized to play a central a role in biological redox catalysis and inorganic energy conversion technologies, its applications in organic synthesis are only beginning to be explored. In this chapter, we aim to highlight the origins, development, and evolution of the PCET processes most relevant to applications in organic synthesis. Particular emphasis is given to the ability of PCET to serve as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation that is complimentary to more traditional hydrogen atom transfer processes, enabling the direct generation of valuable organic radical intermediates directly from their native functional group precursors under comparatively mild catalytic conditions. The synthetically advantageous features of PCET reactivity are described in detail, along with examples from the literature describing the PCET activation of common organic functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kyle T Tarantino
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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Nguyen LQ, Knowles RR. Catalytic C–N Bond-Forming Reactions Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Activation of Amide N–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Prakash J, Que L. Formation of the syn isomer of [FeIV(Oanti)(TMC)(NCMe)]2+ in the reaction of Lewis acids with the side-on bound peroxo ligand in [FeIII(η2-O2)(TMC)]+. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8146-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the reactions of [FeIII(η2-O2)(TMC)]+ (TMC = tetramethylcyclam) with Lewis acids (H+ and NO+) afford the recently described syn isomer of [FeIV(O)(TMC)(NCMe)]2+ (and not the anti isomer as had been tacitly assumed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Metals in Biocatalysis
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Metals in Biocatalysis
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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19
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Kottrup KG, Hetterscheid DGH. Evaluation of iron-based electrocatalysts for water oxidation – an on-line mass spectrometry approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2643-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using on-line mass spectrometry in combination with classical electroanalytical techniques makes it possible to reliably determine onset potentials and to distinguish between competing reactions such as oxygen evolution and carbon dioxide formation.
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20
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To WP, Wai-Shan Chow T, Tse CW, Guan X, Huang JS, Che CM. Water oxidation catalysed by iron complex of N, N'-dimethyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane. Spectroscopy of iron-oxo intermediates and density functional theory calculations. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5891-5903. [PMID: 29861914 PMCID: PMC5950833 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01680k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrocyclic [FeIII(L1)Cl2]+ (1, L1 = N,N'-dimethyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane) complex is an active catalyst for the oxidation of water to oxygen using [NH4]2[CeIV(NO3)6] (CAN), NaIO4, or Oxone as the oxidant. The mechanism of 1-catalysed water oxidation was examined by spectroscopic methods and by 18O-labelling experiments, revealing that FeIV 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O and/or FeV 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O species are likely to be involved in the reaction. The redox behaviour of 1 and these high-valent Fe 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O species of L1 has been examined by both cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In aqueous solutions, the cyclic voltammograms of 1 at different pH show a pH-dependent reversible couple (E1/2 = +0.46 V vs. SCE at pH 1) and an irreversible anodic wave (Epa = +1.18 V vs. SCE at pH 1) assigned to the FeIII/FeII couple and the FeIII to FeIV oxidation, respectively. DFT calculations showed that the E value of the half reaction involving [FeV(L1)(O)(OH)]2+/[FeIV(L1)(O)(OH2)]2+ is +1.42 V vs. SCE at pH 1. Using CAN as the oxidant at pH 1, the formation of an FeIV 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O reaction intermediate was suggested by ESI-MS and UV-vis absorption spectroscopic measurements, and the rate of oxygen evolution was linearly dependent on the concentrations of both 1 and CAN. Using NaIO4 or Oxone as the oxidant at pH 1, the rate of oxygen evolution was linearly dependent on the concentration of 1, and a reactive FeV 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O species with formula [FeV(L1)(O)2]+ generated by oxidation with NaIO4 or Oxone was suggested by ESI-MS measurements. DFT calculations revealed that [FeV(L1)(O)2]+ is capable of oxidizing water to oxygen with a reaction barrier of 15.7 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Pong To
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Toby Wai-Shan Chow
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Chun-Wai Tse
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . ; .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053 , China
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21
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Acuña-Parés F, Costas M, Luis JM, Lloret-Fillol J. Theoretical Study of the Water Oxidation Mechanism with Non-heme Fe(Pytacn) Iron Complexes. Evidence That the FeIV(O)(Pytacn) Species Cannot React with the Water Molecule To Form the O–O Bond. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5474-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Acuña-Parés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Poater A, Chaitanya Vummaleti SV, Cavallo L. The "innocent" role of Sc(3+) on a non-heme Fe catalyst in an O2 environment. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11190-4. [PMID: 24740434 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been used to investigate the reaction mechanism proposed for the formation of an oxoiron(iv) complex [Fe(IV)(TMC)O](2+) (P) (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethylcyclam) starting from a non-heme reactant complex [Fe(II)(TMC)](2+) (R) and O2 in the presence of acid H(+) and reductant BPh4(-). We also addressed the possible role of redox-inactive Sc(3+) as a replacement for H(+) acid in this reaction to trigger the formation of P. Our computational results substantially confirm the proposed mechanism and, more importantly, support that Sc(3+) could trigger the O2 activation, mainly dictated by the availability of two electrons from BPh4(-), by forming a thermodynamically stable Sc(3+)-peroxo-Fe(3+) core that facilitates O-O bond cleavage to generate P by reducing the energy barrier. These insights may pave the way to improve the catalytic reactivity of metal-oxo complexes in O2 activation at non-heme centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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