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Esteruelas MA, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. N,C,N-Pincers in Platinum Bimetallic Complexes: Influence of the Pincer and Bridging Ligands on the Metal-Metal Bond and the Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39028899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Precursors PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (1), PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (2), Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (3), and Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (4) were used to prepare d8-platinum bimetallic complexes. Precursors 1 and 2 react with AgBF4 and 7-azaindole (Haz) to give [Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]}{κ1-N-[Haz]}]BF4 (5) and [Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]}{κ1-N-[Haz]}]BF4 (6) and 3 and 4 with indolo[2,3-b]indole (H2ii) to generate Pt{κ1-N-[Hii]}{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (7) and Pt{κ1-N-[Hii]}{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (8). Subsequent addition of 3 and 4 to 5-7 affords bimetallic derivatives [{Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-C6HMe2-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[az]}]BF4 (9), [{Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-O-C6H3-O-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[az]}]BF4 (10), and {Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-C6HMe2-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[ii]} (11). X-ray structures of 9-11 reveal separations between the metals in sequence 9 (3.0515(4) Å) < 10 (3.2689(9) Å) < 11 (3.2949(2) Å). DFT calculations support σ overlap of the dz2 orbitals of platinum atoms, for 9 and 10. Accordingly, their absorption spectra show a MMLCT transition. Complex 9 is a red emitter. The excited state has 3MMLCT characteristics and a Pt-Pt separation of 2.763 Å. Complex 11 is a dual emitter in the red and NIR regions, in solid. Both excited states have a 3LC/LMCT characteristic and platinum-platinum separations of 3.290 and 3.202 Å. Intermediate 5 is a green emitter that achieves quantum yields close to unity, when diluted in PMMA and 1,2-dichloroethane at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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2
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Shilov RA, Podkorytov IS, Kisel KS, Galenko EE, Karpitskaya DO, Rodionov IA, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP. DPPM-Bridged Binuclear Pt(II) Pincer Complexes: Chemistry, Structure, and Photophysics in Solution Revisited. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11194-11208. [PMID: 38836300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of luminescent binuclear ([dppm{Pt(NNC)}2]2+) and mononuclear ([PPh3Pt(NNC)]+) complexes containing pincer ligands were synthesized and characterized. Photophysical characteristics of both types of complexes were studied in dichloromethane solution. In the solid phase, the binuclear compounds adopt a syn configuration where the {Pt(NNC)} fragments are held together due to intramolecular Pt-Pt bonding and π-stacking of the pincer ligand aromatic systems. Analysis of the complexes' molecular structure in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy showed that the stacked intramolecular configuration is retained in fluid media, which is in complete agreement with a considerable red shift of the emission wavelength due to formation of the intramolecular Pt-Pt bond, leading to the transformation of an emissive excited state to 3MMLCT. It was also found that triethylamine quenches the emission of both types of complexes; the mechanism of quenching is a combination of dynamic and static channels of excited-state deactivation. In the case of binuclear complexes, deprotonation of the dppm methylene bridge by triethylamine also contributes to the chromophore quenching. To explain the observed chemistry of binuclear complex interactions with Et3N, a chemical equilibrium scheme was suggested, which was confirmed by quantitative monitoring of the 31P signal variations as a function of triethylamine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Shilov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Podkorytov
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria O Karpitskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan A Rodionov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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A small molecule M1 promotes optic nerve regeneration to restore target-specific neural activity and visual function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121273119. [PMID: 36306327 PMCID: PMC9636930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121273119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is an energy-demanding process that requires active mitochondrial transport. In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), axonal mitochondrial transport in regenerating axons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) increases within hours and sustains for weeks after injury. Yet, little is known about targeting mitochondria in nervous system repair. Here, we report the induction of sustained axon regeneration, neural activities in the superior colliculus (SC), and visual function recovery after optic nerve crush (ONC) by M1, a small molecule that promotes mitochondrial fusion and transport. We demonstrated that M1 enhanced mitochondrial dynamics in cultured neurons and accelerated in vivo axon regeneration in the PNS. Ex vivo time-lapse imaging and kymograph analysis showed that M1 greatly increased mitochondrial length, axonal mitochondrial motility, and transport velocity in peripheral axons of the sciatic nerves. Following ONC, M1 increased the number of axons regenerating through the optic chiasm into multiple subcortical areas and promoted the recovery of local field potentials in the SC after optogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in complete recovery of the pupillary light reflex, and restoration of the response to looming visual stimuli was detected. M1 increased the gene expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins and major axonal transport machinery in both the PNS and CNS neurons without inducing inflammatory responses. The knockdown of two key mitochondrial genes,
Opa1
or
Mfn2
, abolished the growth-promoting effects of M1 after ONC, suggesting that maintaining a highly dynamic mitochondrial population in axons is required for successful CNS axon regeneration.
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5
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Wu C, Kisel KS, Thangavel MK, Chen Y, Chang K, Tsai M, Chu C, Shen Y, Wu P, Zhang Z, Liu T, Jänis J, Grachova EV, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO, Chou P. Functionalizing Collagen with Vessel-Penetrating Two-Photon Phosphorescence Probes: A New In Vivo Strategy to Map Oxygen Concentration in Tumor Microenvironment and Tissue Ischemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102788. [PMID: 34414696 PMCID: PMC8529487 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation and/or surface modification can stabilize and protect the phosphorescence bio-probes but impede their intravenous delivery across biological barriers. Here, a new class of biocompatible rhenium (ReI ) diimine carbonyl complexes is developed, which can efficaciously permeate normal vessel walls and then functionalize the extravascular collagen matrixes as in situ oxygen sensor. Without protective agents, ReI -diimine complex already exhibits excellent emission yield (34%, λem = 583 nm) and large two-photon absorption cross-sections (σ2 = 300 GM @ 800 nm) in water (pH 7.4). After extravasation, remarkably, the collagen-bound probes further enhanced their excitation efficiency by increasing the deoxygenated lifetime from 4.0 to 7.5 µs, paving a way to visualize tumor hypoxia and tissue ischemia in vivo. The post-extravasation functionalization of extracellular matrixes demonstrates a new methodology for biomaterial-empowered phosphorescence sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Ham Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Kristina S. Kisel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu80101Finland
- St.‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya nabSt.‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | | | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Kai‐Hsin Chang
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Rung Tsai
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Yu Chu
- Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei10002Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichung City41354Taiwan
- 3D Printing Medical Research InstituteAsia UniversityTaichung City41354Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Chun Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesMinistry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesMinistry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078China
| | - Tzu‐Ming Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesMinistry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau999078China
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu80101Finland
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St.‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya nabSt.‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- St.‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya nabSt.‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- St.‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya nabSt.‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu80101Finland
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
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Tang J, Huang D, Meng F, Li P, Peng F, Huang J. Novel Platinum(II) Complex-based Luminescent Probe for Detection of Hypochlorite in Cancer Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:317-326. [PMID: 33078394 DOI: 10.1111/php.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO⁻) is of great importance either for the metabolism of living organisms or as disinfectant in daily life. However, improper concentration levels of ClO⁻ lead to serious health problems including erythrocyte damage, cardiovascular problems, neuron degeneration, lung/kidney injury and cancer. Therefore, a sensitive and selective detection method is required for the visualization and measurement of ClO⁻. In this work, a novel platinum(II) complex-based luminescent probe Pt-CHO was synthesized and utilized to detect ClO⁻. This "turn-off" probe exhibits high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, good pH stability, low limit of detection and instantaneous response ability. Moreover, the luminescent response is caused by the oxidation of aldehyde into carboxyl groups combined with the coordination of hydroxyl groups at the Pt center, which is rarely reported. The cell imaging of HeLa cells proved the considerable potential of the probe for ClO⁻ imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongting Huang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Huang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Müller HP, Roselli F, Rasche V, Kassubek J. Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Based Studies at the Group-Level Applied to Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:734. [PMID: 32982659 PMCID: PMC7487414 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of human and non-human microstructural brain alterations in the course of neurodegenerative diseases has substantially improved by the non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Animal models (including disease or knockout models) allow for a variety of experimental manipulations, which are not applicable to humans. Thus, the DTI approach provides a promising tool for cross-species cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of the neurobiological targets and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This overview with a systematic review focuses on the principles of DTI analysis as used in studies at the group level in living preclinical models of neurodegeneration. The translational aspect from in-vivo animal models toward (clinical) applications in humans is covered as well as the DTI-based research of the non-human brains' microstructure, the methodological aspects in data processing and analysis, and data interpretation at different abstraction levels. The aim of integrating DTI in multiparametric or multimodal imaging protocols will allow the interrogation of DTI data in terms of directional flow of information and may identify the microstructural underpinnings of neurodegeneration-related patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Qiu K, Zhu H, Rees TW, Ji L, Zhang Q, Chao H. Recent advances in lysosome-targeting luminescent transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Chine VB, Au NPB, Ma CHE. Therapeutic benefits of maintaining mitochondrial integrity and calcium homeostasis by forced expression of Hsp27 in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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10
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Ozmen S, Altinkaynak K, Aydin MD, Ahiskalioglu A, Demirci T, Özlü C, Kanat A, Aydin N. Toward understanding the causes of blood pH irregularities and the roles of newly described binuclear neurons of carotid bodies on blood pH regulation during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study. Neuropathology 2019; 39:259-267. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Ozmen
- Department of PathologyMedical Faculty of Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Konca Altinkaynak
- Department of BiochemistryErzurum Research Training Hospital Erzurum Turkey
| | - Mehmet D. Aydin
- Department of NeurosurgeryAtaturk University, Medical Faculty Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of AnesthesiologyMedical Faculty of Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Department of HistologyMedical Faculty of Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Can Özlü
- Department of HematologyErzurum Research Training Hospital Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kanat
- Department of NeurosurgeryRecep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydin
- Department of PsychiatryBakirkoy Mental Diseases Education Hospital İstanbul Turkey
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11
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Zheng X, Zhu W, Ni F, Ai H, Gong S, Zhou X, Sessler JL, Yang C. Simultaneous dual-colour tracking lipid droplets and lysosomes dynamics using a fluorescent probe. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2342-2348. [PMID: 30881662 PMCID: PMC6385674 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After entering a cell, most small molecule fluorescent probes are dispersed in the cytoplasm before they then accumulate in a specific organelle or subcellular zone. Molecules that can enter two or more organelles with high selectivity are all but unknown. In this work, we report a naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe, NIM-7, that allows lipid droplets and lysosomes to be labelled simultaneously and with high specificity. These subcellular entities can then be visualized readily through yellow and red fluorescence, using different excitation and detection channels. NIM-7 allows 3D imaging and quantitative visualizing of lipid droplets and lysosomes. It is also able to track simultaneously the movement of lipid droplets and lysosomes in real-time. We also report here that NIM-7 can be used to image both different cell lines and zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China .
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology , College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Fan Ni
- Department of Chemistry , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China .
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Department of Chemistry , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China .
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology , College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , P. R. China
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Savage JC, Carrier M, Tremblay MÈ. Morphology of Microglia Across Contexts of Health and Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2034:13-26. [PMID: 31392674 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9658-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, are incredibly plastic and dynamic cells. In this chapter, we aim to describe and classify the many morphological changes they can display in normal development, aging, and disease. Although microglia in healthy adult brain tissue are often ramified with small somas, they can undergo massive and rapid morphological shifts in response to stimuli, becoming amoeboid or hypertrophic. Older animals occasionally contain dystrophic, senescent, and gitter cell-like microglia, and brain injury can be accompanied by an increase in rod cells. By a careful study of microglial morphology, coupled with ultrastructural insights gleaned using electron microscopy, insights can be provided into the functions performed by these various morphological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Savage
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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13
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Han Y, Liu X, Tian Z, Ge X, Li J, Gao M, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Half-sandwich Iridium(III) Benzimidazole-Appended Imidazolium-Based N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Antitumor Application. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3697-3705. [PMID: 30276978 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of half-sandwich iridium(III) benzimidazole-appended imidazolium-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) antitumor complexes [(η5 -Cpx )Ir(C^N)Cl]Cl, where Cpx is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) or its biphenyl derivative (Cpxbiph ) and C^N is a NHC chelating ligand, were successfully synthesized and characterized. The IrIII complexes showed potential antitumor activity against A549 cells, at most three times more potent than cis-platin under the same conditions. Complexes could bind to BSA by a static quenching mode, catalyzing the change of NADH to NAD+ and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (maximum turnover number, 9.8), which play an important role in regulating cell apoptosis. Confocal microscopy showed that the complexes could specifically target lysosomes in cells with a Pearson's co-localization coefficient 0.76 and 0.72 after 1 h and 6 h, respectively, followed an energy-dependent cellular uptake mechanism and damaged the integrity of lysosomes. At the same time, complexes caused a marked loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of, Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
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15
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Zhu W, Zheng X, Huang Y, Lu Z, Ai H. Super-resolution imaging and real-time tracking lysosome in living cells by a fluorescent probe. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Wu J, Li Y, Tan C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Song J, Qu J, Wong WY. Aggregation-induced near-infrared emitting platinum(ii) terpyridyl complex: cellular characterisation and lysosome-specific localisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11144-11147. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aggregation-induced near-infrared emitting terpyridyl Pt(ii) complex with excellent biocompatibility shows high specificity to lysosomes in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Shijiazhuang People's Medical College
- Shijiazhuang 050091
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
| | - Jun Song
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hung Hom
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17
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Liu S, Zhou N, Chen Z, Wei H, Zhu Y, Guo S, Zhao Q. Using a redox-sensitive phosphorescent probe for optical evaluation of an intracellular redox environment. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:13-16. [PMID: 28059208 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A reducing intracellular environment is necessary for living cells. Here a redox-sensitive phosphorescent probe Ir-NO has been developed for evaluating the redox environment in living cells. Upon addition of reducing molecules, such as glutathione and ascorbic acid, the phosphorescent intensity of the probe is turned on, and the emission lifetime is elongated evidently. Furthermore, this probe has been used for optical imaging of the intracellular reducing environment by utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
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18
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Du E, Hu X, Roy S, Wang P, Deasy K, Mochizuki T, Zhang Y. Taurine-modified Ru(ii)-complex targets cancerous brain cells for photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6033-6036. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03337k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical taurine modification not only enhances the intracellular affinity of a polypyridyl Ru-complex to cancer cells, but also boosts the quantum yield in a pH-independent manner without sacrificing water solubility for cytosolic photosensitizers of photodynamic therapy, with prominent efficacy in cancerous brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Du
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
- Onna-son
- Japan
| | - Xunwu Hu
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
- Onna-son
- Japan
| | - Sona Roy
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
- Onna-son
- Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kieran Deasy
- Mechanical Engineering & Microfabrication Support Section
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
- Onna-son
- Japan
| | | | - Ye Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
- Onna-son
- Japan
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19
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Lou X, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Organic Dots Based on AIEgens for Two-Photon Fluorescence Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6430-6450. [PMID: 27356782 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescence imaging technique is a powerful bioanalytical approach in terms of high photostability, low photodamage, high spatiotemporal resolution. Recently, fluorescent organic dots comprised of organic emissive cores and a polymeric matrix are emerging as promising contrast reagents for two-photon fluorescence imaging, owing to their numerous merits of high and tunable fluorescence, good biocompatibility, strong photobleaching resistance, and multiple surface functionality. The emissive core is crucial for organic dots to get high brightness but many conventional chromophores often encounter a severe problem of fluorescence quenching when they form aggregates. To solve this problem, fluorogens featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) can fluoresce strongly in aggregates, and thus become ideal candidates for fluorescent organic dots. In addition, two-photon absorption property of the dots can be readily improved by just increase loading contents of AIE fluorogen (AIEgen). Hence, organic dots based on AIEgens have exhibited excellent performances in two-photon fluorescence in vitro cellular imaging, and in vivo vascular architecture visualization of mouse skin, muscle, brain and skull bone. In view of the rapid advances in this important research field, here, we highlight representative fluorescent organic dots with an emissive core of AIEgen aggregate, and discuss their great potential in bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Chen Y, Guan R, Zhang C, Huang J, Ji L, Chao H. Two-photon luminescent metal complexes for bioimaging and cancer phototherapy. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Chi S, Li L, Wu Y. Novel mono-cationic fluorescent probes based on different central π-conjugated bridges for two-photon bioimaging of cellular nuclei. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pyridine mono-cationic two-photon fluorescent probes based on different central π-conjugated bridges, fluorenone (W-pyI), dibenzothiophene (S-pyI), and dibenzofuran (F-pyI), were prepared and studied for improving photostability in bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Material Science and Technology for High Power Lasers
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Science and Technology for High Power Lasers
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- PR China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Science and Technology for High Power Lasers
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- PR China
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22
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George TM, Krishna MS, Reddy MLP. A lysosome targetable luminescent bioprobe based on a europium β-diketonate complex for cellular imaging applications. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18719-18729. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03833f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A unique bright luminescent europium coordination compound with excellent biocompatibility has been developed that serves as a selective bioprobe for particular organelles within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. George
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
| | - Mahesh S. Krishna
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Lab
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - M. L. P. Reddy
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
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23
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Reddy G U, A AH, Ali F, Taye N, Chattopadhyay S, Das A. FRET-Based Probe for Monitoring pH Changes in Lipid-Dense Region of Hct116 Cells. Org Lett 2015; 17:5532-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Upendar Reddy G
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anila H. A
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Firoj Ali
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Nandaraj Taye
- Chromatin
and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Chromatin
and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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24
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Gibbs KL, Kalmar B, Sleigh JN, Greensmith L, Schiavo G. In vivo imaging of axonal transport in murine motor and sensory neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 257:26-33. [PMID: 26424507 PMCID: PMC4666412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal transport is essential for neuronal function and survival. Defects in axonal transport have been identified as an early pathological feature in several disorders of the nervous system. The visualisation and quantitative analysis of axonal transport in vivo in rodent models of neurological disease is therefore crucial to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and for the identification of novel therapeutics. NEW METHOD Here, we describe a method for the in vivo imaging of axonal transport of signalling endosomes in the sciatic nerve of live, anaesthetised mice. RESULTS This method allows the multiparametric, quantitative analysis of in vivo axonal transport in motor and sensory neurons of adult mice in control conditions and during disease progression. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previous in vivo imaging of the axonal transport of signalling endosomes has been limited to studies in nerve explant preparations or non-invasive approaches using magnetic resonance imaging; techniques that are hampered by major drawbacks such as tissue damage and low temporal and spatial resolution. This new method allows live imaging of the axonal transport of single endosomes in the sciatic nerve in situ and a more sensitive analysis of axonal transport kinetics than previous approaches. CONCLUSIONS The method described in this paper allows an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of axonal transport in both motor and sensory neurons in vivo. It enables the detailed study of alterations in axonal transport in rodent models of neurological diseases and can be used to identify novel pharmacological modifiers of axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Gibbs
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1 N 3BG, UK.
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1 N 3BG, UK.
| | - James N Sleigh
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1 N 3BG, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1 N 3BG, UK.
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1 N 3BG, UK.
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25
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He L, Li Y, Tan CP, Ye RR, Chen MH, Cao JJ, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as lysosome-targeted photodynamic anticancer and real-time tracking agents. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5409-5418. [PMID: 29861886 PMCID: PMC5947539 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the rational design and photodynamic anticancer mechanism studies of iridium(iii) complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties.
Stimuli-activatable photosensitizers (PSs) are highly desirable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to selectively demolish tumor cells. On the other hand, lysosomes are emerging as attractive anticancer targets. Herein, four cyclometalated iridium(iii)–β-carboline complexes with pH-responsive singlet oxygen (1O2) production and lysosome-specific imaging properties have been designed and synthesized. Upon visible light (425 nm) irradiation, they show highly selective phototoxicities against cancer cells. Notably, complex 2 ([Ir(N^C)2(N^N)](PF6) in which N^C = 2-phenylpyridine and N^N = 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-β-carboline) displays a remarkably high phototoxicity index (PI = IC50 in the dark/IC50 in light) of >833 against human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Further studies show that 2-mediated PDT induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal damage. The pH-responsive phosphorescence of complex 2 can be utilized to monitor the lysosomal integrity upon PDT, which provides a reliable and convenient method for in situ monitoring of therapeutic effect and real-time assessment of treatment outcome. Our work provides a strategy for the construction of highly effective multifunctional subcellular targeted photodynamic anticancer agents through rational structural modification of phosphorescent metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China . ;
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26
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Bipolar/rod-shaped microglia are proliferating microglia with distinct M1/M2 phenotypes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7279. [PMID: 25452009 PMCID: PMC4250916 DOI: 10.1038/srep07279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are generally considered the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that regulate the primary events of neuroinflammatory responses. Microglia also play key roles in repair and neurodegeneration of the CNS after injury. Recent studies showed that trains of bipolar/rod-shaped microglia align end-to-end along the CNS injury site during the initial recovery phase. However, the cellular characteristics of bipolar/rod-shaped microglia remain largely unknown. Here, we established a highly reproducible in vitro culture model system to enrich and characterize bipolar/rod-shaped microglia by simply generating multiple scratches on a poly-d-lysine/laminin-coated culture dish. Trains of bipolar/rod-shaped microglia formed and aligned along the scratches in a manner that morphologically resembled microglial trains observed in injured brain. These bipolar/rod-shaped microglia were highly proliferative and expressed various M1/M2 markers. Further analysis revealed that these bipolar/rod-shaped microglia quickly transformed into amoeboid microglia within 30 minutes of lipopolysaccharide treatment, leading to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and the activation of Jak/Stat. In summary, our culture system provides a model to further characterize this highly dynamic cell type. We suggest that bipolar/rod-shaped microglia are crucial for repairing the damaged CNS and that the molecular mechanisms underlying their morphological changes may serve as therapeutic biomarkers.
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27
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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Factors Affecting the Cycloplatination of the Chiral Ferrocenylaldimine (SC)-[(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4)–C(H)=N–CH(Me)(C6H5)}]. INORGANICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics2040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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28
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He L, Tan CP, Ye RR, Zhao YZ, Liu YH, Zhao Q, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Theranostic Iridium(III) Complexes as One- and Two-Photon Phosphorescent Trackers to Monitor Autophagic Lysosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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He L, Tan CP, Ye RR, Zhao YZ, Liu YH, Zhao Q, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Theranostic Iridium(III) Complexes as One- and Two-Photon Phosphorescent Trackers to Monitor Autophagic Lysosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12137-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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