1
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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2
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Dyba A, Wiącek E, Nowak M, Janczak J, Nartowski KP, Braun DE. Metronidazole Cocrystal Polymorphs with Gallic and Gentisic Acid Accessed through Slurry, Atomization Techniques, and Thermal Methods. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:8241-8260. [PMID: 37937188 PMCID: PMC10626573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, key features of metronidazole (MNZ) cocrystal polymorphs with gallic acid (GAL) and gentisic acid (GNT) were elucidated. Solvent-mediated phase transformation experiments in 30 solvents with varying properties were employed to control the polymorphic behavior of the MNZ cocrystal with GAL. Solvents with relative polarity (RP) values above 0.35 led to cocrystal I°, the thermodynamically stable form. Conversely, solvents with RP values below 0.35 produced cocrystal II, which was found to be only 0.3 kJ mol-1 less stable in enthalpy. The feasibility of electrospraying, including solvent properties and process conditions required, and spray drying techniques to control cocrystal polymorphism was also investigated, and these techniques were found to facilitate exclusive formation of the metastable MNZ-GAL cocrystal II. Additionally, the screening approach resulted in a new, high-temperature polymorph I of the MNZ-GNT cocrystal system, which is enantiotropically related to the already known form II°. The intermolecular energy calculations, as well as the 2D similarity between the MNZ-GAL polymorphs and the 3D similarity between MNZ-GNT polymorphs, rationalized the observed transition behaviors. Furthermore, the evaluation of virtual cocrystal screening techniques identified molecular electrostatic potential calculations as a supportive tool for coformer selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra
J. Dyba
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wiącek
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, Okolna 2, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol P. Nartowski
- Department
of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K.
| | - Doris E. Braun
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Deng Y, Liu S, Jiang Y, Martins ICB, Rades T. Recent Advances in Co-Former Screening and Formation Prediction of Multicomponent Solid Forms of Low Molecular Weight Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2174. [PMID: 37765145 PMCID: PMC10538140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent solid forms of low molecular weight drugs, such as co-crystals, salts, and co-amorphous systems, are a result of the combination of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a pharmaceutically acceptable co-former. These solid forms can enhance the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of APIs, making them increasingly interesting and important in recent decades. Nevertheless, predicting the formation of API multicomponent solid forms in the early stages of formulation development can be challenging, as it often requires significant time and resources. To address this, empirical and computational methods have been developed to help screen for potential co-formers more efficiently and accurately, thus reducing the number of laboratory experiments needed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current screening and prediction methods for the formation of API multicomponent solid forms, covering both crystalline states (co-crystals and salts) and amorphous forms (co-amorphous). Furthermore, it discusses recent advances and emerging trends in prediction methods, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yanbin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Inês C. B. Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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4
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Malik A, Tahir MN, Ali A, Ashfaq M, Ibrahim M, Kuznetsov AE, Assiri MA, Sameeh MY. Preparation, Crystal Structure, Supramolecular Assembly, and DFT Studies of Two Organic Salts Bearing Pyridine and Pyrimidine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25034-25047. [PMID: 37483210 PMCID: PMC10357529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The effective preparation of two new pyrimidine- and pyridine-based organic crystalline salts with substituted acidic moieties (i.e., (Z)-4-(naphthalen-2-ylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (DCNO) and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (PCNP)) using methanol as a solvent has been reported. These molecular salts have ionic interactions that are responsible for their structural stabilization in their solid-state assemblies. The crystal structures of DCNO and PCNP were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique. The SCXRD study inferred that cations and anions are strongly packed due to N-H···O, N-H···N, and C-H···O noncovalent interactions in DCNO, whereas in PCNP, N-H···N noncovalent interactions are absent. The noncovalent interactions in both organic crystalline salts were comprehensively investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Further, a detailed density functional theory (DFT) study of both compounds was performed. The optimized structures of both compounds supported the existence of the H-bonding and weak dispersion interactions in the synthesized organic crystalline salt structures. Both compounds were shown to have large and noticeably different HOMO/LUMO energy gaps. The atomic charge analysis results supported the SCXRD and HSA results, showing the formation of intermolecular noncovalent interactions in both organic crystalline salts. The results of the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis confirmed the existence of (relatively weak) noncovalent interactions between the cation and anion moieties of their organic crystalline salts. The global reactivity parameters (GRPs) analysis showed that both organic crystalline salts' compounds should be quite thermodynamically stable and that DCNO should be less reactive than PCNP. For both compounds, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis results support the existence of intermolecular electrostatic interactions in their organic crystalline salts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Government College
University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aleksey E. Kuznetsov
- Departamento
de Química, Campus Santiago Vitacura, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa María, Av. Santa María 6400, Vitacura 7660251, Chile
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Al Lieth University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmadi S, Rohani S. Overcoming the Hydrophobic Nature of Zinc Phenylacetate Through Co-Crystallization with Isonicotinamide. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1929-1938. [PMID: 36893962 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc phenylacetate (Zn-PA), a substitute for sodium phenylacetate as an ammonia-scavenging drug is hydrophobic, which poses problems for drug dissolution and solubility. We were able to co-crystallize the zinc phenylacetate with isonicotinamide (INAM) and produce a novel crystalline compound (Zn-PA-INAM). The single crystal of this new crystal was obtained, and its structure is reported here for the first time. Zn-PA-INAM was characterized computationally by ab initio, Hirshfeld calculations, CLP-PIXEL lattice energy calculation, and BFDH morphology analysis, and experimentally by PXRD, Sc-XRD, FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses. Structural and vibrational analyses showed a major modification in intermolecular interaction of Zn-PA-INAM compared to Zn-PA. The dispersion-based pi-stacking in Zn-PA is replaced by coulomb-polarization effect of hydrogen bonds. As a result, Zn-PA-INAM is hydrophilic, improving the wettability and powder dissolution of the target compound in an aqueous solution. Morphology analysis revealed, unlike Zn-PA, Zn-PA-INAM has polar groups exposed on its prominent crystalline faces, reducing the hydrophobicity of the crystal. The shift in average water droplet contact angle from 128.1° (Zn-PA) to 27.1° (Zn-PA-INAM) is strong evidence of a marked decrease in hydrophobicity of the target compound. Finally, HPLC was used to obtain the dissolution profile and solubility of Zn-PA-INAM compared to Zn-PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Ahmadi
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Sohrab Rohani
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Racher F, Petrick TL, Braun DE. Exploring the Supramolecular Interactions and Thermal Stability of Dapsone:Bipyridine Cocrystals by Combining Computational Chemistry with Experimentation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:4638-4654. [PMID: 37304396 PMCID: PMC10251420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of computational screening methodologies based on H-bond propensity scores, molecular complementarity, molecular electrostatic potentials, and crystal structure prediction has guided the discovery of novel cocrystals of dapsone and bipyridine (DDS:BIPY). The experimental screen, which included mechanochemical and slurry experiments as well as the contact preparation, resulted in four cocrystals, including the previously known DDS:4,4'-BIPY (2:1, CC44-B) cocrystal. To understand the factors governing the formation of the DDS:2,2'-BIPY polymorphs (1:1, CC22-A and CC22-B) and the two DDS:4,4'-BIPY cocrystal stoichiometries (1:1 and 2:1), different experimental conditions (such as the influence of solvent, grinding/stirring time, etc.) were tested and compared with the virtual screening results. The computationally generated (1:1) crystal energy landscapes had the experimental cocrystals as the lowest energy structures, although distinct cocrystal packings were observed for the similar coformers. H-bonding scores and molecular electrostatic potential maps correctly indicated cocrystallization of DDS and the BIPY isomers, with a higher likelihood for 4,4'-BIPY. The molecular conformation influenced the molecular complementarity results, predicting no cocrystallization for 2,2'-BIPY with DDS. The crystal structures of CC22-A and CC44-A were solved from powder X-ray diffraction data. All four cocrystals were fully characterized by a range of analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, hot-stage microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The two DDS:2,2'-BIPY polymorphs are enantiotropically related, with form B being the stable polymorph at room temperature (RT) and form A being the higher temperature form. Form B is metastable but kinetically stable at RT. The two DDS:4,4'-BIPY cocrystals are stable at room conditions; however, at higher temperatures, CC44-A transforms to CC44-B. The cocrystal formation enthalpy order, derived from the lattice energies, was calculated as follows: CC44-B > CC44-A > CC22-A.
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7
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Surov AO, Ramazanova AG, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL. Virtual Screening, Structural Analysis, and Formation Thermodynamics of Carbamazepine Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030836. [PMID: 36986697 PMCID: PMC10052035 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the existing set of carbamazepine (CBZ) cocrystals was extended through the successful combination of the drug with the positional isomers of acetamidobenzoic acid. The structural and energetic features of the CBZ cocrystals with 3- and 4-acetamidobenzoic acids were elucidated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by QTAIMC analysis. The ability of three fundamentally different virtual screening methods to predict the correct cocrystallization outcome for CBZ was assessed based on the new experimental results obtained in this study and data available in the literature. It was found that the hydrogen bond propensity model performed the worst in distinguishing positive and negative results of CBZ cocrystallization experiments with 87 coformers, attaining an accuracy value lower than random guessing. The method that utilizes molecular electrostatic potential maps and the machine learning approach named CCGNet exhibited comparable results in terms of prediction metrics, albeit the latter resulted in superior specificity and overall accuracy while requiring no time-consuming DFT computations. In addition, formation thermodynamic parameters for the newly obtained CBZ cocrystals with 3- and 4-acetamidobenzoic acids were evaluated using temperature dependences of the cocrystallization Gibbs energy. The cocrystallization reactions between CBZ and the selected coformers were found to be enthalpy-driven, with entropy terms being statistically different from zero. The observed difference in dissolution behavior of the cocrystals in aqueous media was thought to be caused by variations in their thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem O Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Anna G Ramazanova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Ksenia V Drozd
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - German L Perlovich
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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8
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Cocrystal Prediction of Bexarotene by Graph Convolution Network and Bioavailability Improvement. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102198. [PMID: 36297633 PMCID: PMC9611166 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene (BEX) was approved by the FDA in 1999 for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The poor aqueous solubility causes the low bioavailability of the drug and thereby limits the clinical application. In this study, we developed a GCN-based deep learning model (CocrystalGCN) for in-silico screening of the cocrystals of BEX. The results show that our model obtained high performance relative to baseline models. The top 30 of 109 coformer candidates were scored by CocrystalGCN and then validated experimentally. Finally, cocrystals of BEX-pyrazine, BEX-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, BEX-methyl isonicotinate, and BEX-ethyl isonicotinate were successfully obtained. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were utilized to characterize these multi-component forms. All cocrystals present superior solubility and dissolution over the parent drug. The pharmacokinetic studies show that the plasma exposures (AUC0−8h) of BEX-pyrazine and BEX-2,5-dimethylpyrazine are 1.7 and 1.8 times that of the commercially available BEX powder, respectively. This work sets a good example for integrating virtual prediction and experimental screening to discover the new cocrystals of water-insoluble drugs.
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Formation Thermodynamics of Carbamazepine with Benzamide, Para-Hydroxybenzamide and Isonicotinamide Cocrystals: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091881. [PMID: 36145629 PMCID: PMC9501737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation thermodynamic parameters for three cocrystals of carbamazepine (CBZ) with structurally related coformers (benzamide (BZA), para-hydroxybenzamide (4-OH-BZA) and isonicotinamide (INAM)) were determined by experimental (cocrystal solubility and competitive reaction methods) and computational techniques. The experimental solubility values of cocrystal components at eutectic points and solubility product of cocrystals [CBZ + BZA], [CBZ + 4-OH-BZA], and [CBZ + INAM] in acetonitrile at 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K were measured. All the thermodynamic functions (Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) of cocrystals formation were evaluated from the experimental data. The crystal structure of [CBZ + BZA] (1:1) cocrystal was solved and analyzed by the single crystal X-ray diffractometry. A correlation between the solubility products and pure coformers solubility values has been found for CBZ cocrystals. The relationship between the entropy term and the molecular volume of the cocrystal formation has been revealed. The effectiveness of the estimation of the cocrystal formation thermodynamic parameters, based on the knowledge of the melting temperatures of active pharmaceutical ingredients, coformers, cocrystals, as well as the sublimation Gibbs energies and enthalpies of the individual components, was proven. A new method for the comparative assessment of the cocrystal stability based on the H-bond propensity analysis was proposed. The experimental and theoretical results on the thermodynamic parameters of the cocrystal formation were shown to be in good agreement. According to the thermodynamic stability, the studied cocrystals can be arranged in the following order: [CBZ + 4-OH-BZA] > [CBZ + BZA] > [CBZ + INAM].
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Alaa Eldin Refat L, O’Malley C, Simmie JM, McArdle P, Erxleben A. Differences in Coformer Interactions of the 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines Pyrimethamine and Trimethoprim. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3163-3173. [PMID: 35529062 PMCID: PMC9073935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The identification and study of supramolecular synthons is a fundamental task in the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals. The malaria drug pyrimethamine (pyr) and the antibiotic trimethoprim (tmp) are both 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives, providing the same C-NH2/N=C/C-NH2 and C-NH2/N=C interaction sites. In this article, we analyze and compare the synthons observed in the crystal structures of tmp and pyr cocrystals and molecular salts with sulfamethazine (smz), α-ketoglutaric acid (keto), oxalic acid (ox), sebacic acid (seb), and azeliac acid (az). We show that the same coformer interacts with different binding sites of the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ring in the respective tmp and pyr cocrystals or binds at the same site but gives H bonding patterns with different graph set notions. Pyr·smz·CH3OH is the first crystal structure in which the interaction of the sulfa drug at the C-NH2/N=C/C-NH2 site with three parallel NH2···N, N···NHsulfonamide, and NH2···O=S H bonds is observed. The main synthon in (tmp+)(keto-).0.5H2O and (tmp+)2(ox2-)·2CH3OH is the motif of fused R 2 1(6) and R 1 2(5) rings instead of the R 2 2(8) motif typically observed in tmp+ and pyr+ carboxylates. Tmp/az is a rare example of cocrystal-salt polymorphism where the two solid-state forms have the same composition, stoichiometry, and main synthon. Theoretical calculations were performed to understand the order of stability, which is tmp·az cocrystal > (tmp+)(az-) salt. Finally, two three-component tmp/sulfa drug/carboxylate cocrystals with a unique ternary synthon are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Alaa Eldin Refat
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O’Malley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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11
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Ali A, Khalid M, Ashfaq M, Malik AN, Tahir MN, Assiri MA, Imran M, AlcântaraMorais SF, Braga AAC. Preparation, QTAIM and Single‐Crystal Exploration of the Pyrimethamine‐Based Co‐Crystal Salts with Substituted Benzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Figueirêdo AlcântaraMorais
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. LineuPrestes 748 São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. LineuPrestes 748 São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
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12
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New Co-Crystals/Salts of Gallic Acid and Substituted Pyridines: An Effect of Ortho-Substituents on the Formation of an Acid–Pyridine Heterosynthon. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of gallic acid with pyridines and their polyaromatic analogue, quinoline, ortho-substituted by various proton-donating groups able to form hydrogen bonds, produced the only reported co-crystal of gallic acid with an ortho-substituted pyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, as its preferred pyridone-2 tautomer, and four new crystalline products of gallic acid. These co-crystals, or gallate salts depending on the choice of the pyridine-containing compound, as predicted by the pKa rule, were identified by X-ray diffraction to feature the popular acid–pyridine heterosynthon found in most of the two-component systems of gallic acid that lack ortho-substituents in the pyridine-containing compound. This single-point heterosynthon is, however, modified by one or two proton-donating ortho-substituents, which sometimes may transform into the proton acceptors in an adopted tautomer or zwitterion, to produce its two- or other multi-point variants, including a very rare four-point heterosynthon. The hydrogen bonds they form with the gallic acid species in the appropriate co-crystals/salts strongly favors the formation of the acid–pyridine heterosynthon over the acid–acid homosynthon. In the competitive conditions of multi-component systems, such a modification might be used to reduce supramolecular-synthon-based polymorphism to produce new pharmaceuticals and other crystalline materials with designed properties.
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Kumar V, Goswami PK, Balendra, Tewari S, Ramanan A. Multicomponent Solids of Niflumic and Mefenamic Acids Based on Acid-Pyridine Synthon. Front Chem 2022; 10:729608. [PMID: 35433637 PMCID: PMC9009247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.729608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study discusses comparative structural features of fourteen multicomponent solids of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Niflumic and Mefenamic acids, with amine and pyridine-based coformers. All the solids were structurally characterized through PXRD, SCXRD, DSC, and the monophasic nature of some of the solids was established through Rietveld refinement. The solid forms include salt, cocrystal, hydrate, and solvate. Except for two, all the solids reported here showed relatively higher solubility compared to the acids. The difference in pKa and similarity in structural features of both the molecules enabled us to study the effect of ΔpKa on crystallization outcome systematically. The structures of all the solids are described through acid-pyridine synthon perspective.
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Sarathi P, Padhi S. Insight of the various in silico screening techniques developed for assortment of cocrystal formers and their thermodynamic characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1523-1534. [PMID: 35164621 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2042554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the widely used drugs have problems associated with their oral bioavailability either due to their poor aqueous solubility or due to their poor permeability. Co-crystallization is an efficient and economically feasible approach that offers a great opportunity for improvement in physicochemical properties such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability of such type of therapeutic agent. Selection of the best co-former plays a major role in co-crystallization. Various approaches have been developed for the selection of suitable co-formers with API. In recent years in silico screening, a computational tool paying more attention for screening of co-formers has been developed. Numerous approaches can be used for in silico screening such as the Autodocking tool, COSMORS, COSMOTHERM, etc. Autodocking can predict several numbers of co-former effectively screened in silico method to identify a suitable co-former with an API. Prediction of solubility and dissolution is also important for the development of co-crystal. In this review, we discuss in silico screening of coformer and thermodynamic approaches to determine the dissolution and solubility of co-crystal specially with reference to the drugs belonging to BCS class II group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sarathi
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Swarupanjali Padhi
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
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Suresh S, Kandasamy S, Balasubramanian H, Ramakrishnan J, Poomani K. Insights on structure and interactions of 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidinium salts with 4-aminosalicylate and 5-chlorosalicylate: a combined experimental and theoretical charge–density analysis. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 78:181-191. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The proton-transfer complexes 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidinium (2A4M6MP) 4-aminosalicylate (4AMSA), C6H10N3O+·C7H6NO3
−, I, and 5-chlorosalicylate (5ClSA), C6H10N3O+·C7H4ClO3
−, II, were synthesized by slow evaporation and crystallized. The crystal structures of both I and II were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The crystal structures of both salts exhibit O—H...O, N—H...O, N—H...N and C—H...O interactions in their crystals. The 4AMSA and 5ClSA anions in combination with the 2A4M6MP cations form distinct synthons, which are represented by the graph-set notations R
2
2(8), R
4
2(8) and R
2
2(8). Furthermore, the ΔpK
a
values were calculated and clearly demonstrate that 2A4M6MP is a good salt former when combined with carboxylic acids. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to quantify the weak and strong interactions in the solid state, and energy framework calculations showed the stability of the hydrogen-bonding interactions. QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) analysis revealed the nature of the chemical bonding in I and II, and the charge–density distribution in the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structures.
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Tomar D, Lodagekar A, Gunnam A, Allu S, Chavan RB, Tharkar M, Ajithkumar TG, Nangia AK, Shastri NR. The effects of cis and trans butenedioic acid on the physicochemical behavior of lumefantrine. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of the differences in the effects of cis (maleic acid) and trans (fumaric acid) isomers of butenedioic acid on the crystallinity, amorphous nature, and pharmaceutical behaviour of the antimalarial drug lumefantrine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendrasingh Tomar
- Solid-State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Anurag Lodagekar
- Solid-State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Anilkumar Gunnam
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Suryanarayana Allu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Rahul B. Chavan
- Solid-State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Minakshi Tharkar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - T. G. Ajithkumar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Ashwini K. Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Nalini R. Shastri
- Solid-State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
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Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors: The Pharmacophore as a Guide for Co-Crystal Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216721. [PMID: 34771128 PMCID: PMC8587188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, co-crystal screening was carried out for two important dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, trimethoprim (TMP) and pyrimethamine (PMA), and for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAP), which is the pharmacophore of these active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The isomeric pyridinecarboxamides and two xanthines, theophylline (THEO) and caffeine (CAF), were used as co-formers in the same experimental conditions, in order to evaluate the potential for the pharmacophore to be used as a guide in the screening process. In silico co-crystal screening was carried out using BIOVIA COSMOquick and experimental screening was performed by mechanochemistry and supported by (solid + liquid) binary phase diagrams, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The in silico prediction of low propensities for DAP, TMP and PMA to co-crystallize with pyridinecarboxamides was confirmed: a successful outcome was only observed for DAP + nicotinamide. Successful synthesis of multicomponent solid forms was achieved for all three target molecules with theophylline, with DAP co-crystals revealing a greater variety of stoichiometries. The crystalline structures of a (1:2) TMP:THEO co-crystal and of a (1:2:1) DAP:THEO:ethyl acetate solvate were solved. This work demonstrated the possible use of the pharmacophore of DHFR inhibitors as a guide for co-crystal screening, recognizing some similar trends in the outcome of association in the solid state and in the molecular aggregation in the co-crystals, characterized by the same supramolecular synthons.
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Kendall T, Stratford S, Patterson AR, Lunt RA, Cruickshank D, Bonnaud T, Scott CD. An industrial perspective on co-crystals: Screening, identification and development of the less utilised solid form in drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:345-442. [PMID: 34147205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are commonly marketed as a solid form due to ease of transport, storage and administration. In the design of a drug formulation, the selection of the solid form is incredibly important and is traditionally based on what polymorphs, hydrates or salts are available for that compound. Co-crystals, another potential solid form available, are currently not as readily considered as a viable solid form for the development process. Even though co-crystals are gaining an ever-increasing level of interest within the pharmaceutical community, their acceptance and application is still not as standard as other solid forms such as the ubiquitous pharmaceutical salt and stabilised amorphous formulations. Presented in this chapter is information that would allow for a co-crystal screen to be planned and conducted as well as scaled up using solution and mechanochemistry based methods commonly employed in both the literature and industry. Also presented are methods for identifying the formation of a co-crystal using a variety of analytical techniques as well as the importance of confirming the formation of co-crystals from a legal perspective and demonstrating the legal precedent by looking at co-crystalline products already on the market. The benefits of co-crystals have been well established, and presented in this chapter are a selection of examples which best exemplify their potential. The goal of this chapter is to increase the understanding of co-crystals and how they may be successfully exploited in early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kendall
- Technobis Crystallization Systems, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Stratford
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth A Lunt
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Drozd KV, Manin AN, Voronin AP, Boycov DE, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL. A combined experimental and theoretical study of miconazole salts and cocrystals: crystal structures, DFT computations, formation thermodynamics and solubility improvement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12456-12470. [PMID: 34037030 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical screening of multi-component crystal forms of miconazole (MCL), an antifungal drug, with ten aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was performed. Seven multi-component molecular crystals were isolated and identified by different analytical techniques, including the powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and solubility methods. The crystal structures of the MCL hemihydrate, two cocrystals with succinic ([MCL + SucAc] (2 : 1)) and fumaric acids ([MCL + FumAc] (2 : 1)) and one salt with maleic acid ([MCL + MleAc] (1 : 1)) were redetermined. The new cocrystal of MCL with adipic acid ([MCL + AdpAc] (2 : 1)) was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. It was found that the AdpAc molecule in the cocrystal has an unusual anticlinal conformation. The combination of periodic density functional theory (DFT) computations and quantum topology analysis confirmed the structure-directing role of the acid-imidazole heterosynthon for the considered crystals. The melting temperatures of all the studied multi-component crystals are between the values of the corresponding individual components except [MCL + MleAc] (1 : 1). A thermal analysis has shown that the thermodynamic and thermophysical characteristics of the considered two-component molecular crystals are strongly dependent both on specific interactions (presence of sites of donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bond formation) and on nonspecific interactions - molecule polarizability. Based on the sublimation thermodynamics database of molecular crystals, the standard sublimation thermodynamic functions of MCL were evaluated. The thermodynamic functions of multi-component crystal formation based on MCL were calculated and analyzed. Solubility experiments on the MCL multi-component crystals were carried out in isotonic aqueous buffer solutions at pH 1.2 and 6.8 and compared with the solubility of the MCL free base and its nitrate salt. It was found that the salt/cocrystal formation of MCL with dicarboxylic acids considerably increased the MCL solubility in pH 6.8 buffer. The biggest MCL solubility enhancement was observed in the [MCL + TartAc] (1 : 1) salt. The solubility value of MCL in the [MCL + TartAc] (1 : 1) salt is commensurate with the commercial MCL nitrate salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Drozd
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - A N Manin
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - A P Voronin
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - D E Boycov
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - A V Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - G L Perlovich
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
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20
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In-silico methods of cocrystal screening: A review on tools for rational design of pharmaceutical cocrystals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Goloveshkin AS, Korlyukov AA, Vologzhanina AV. Novel Polymorph of Favipiravir-An Antiviral Medication. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:139. [PMID: 33494498 PMCID: PMC7911870 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various solid forms of pharmaceutically important compounds exhibit different physical properties and bioactivity; thus, knowledge of the structural landscape and prediction of spontaneous polymorph transformations for an active pharmaceutical ingredient is of practical value for the pharmaceutical industry. By recrystallization from ethyl acetate, a novel polymorph of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (trademark favipiravir, RNA polymerase inhibitor) was obtained and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infra-red spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The favipiravir molecule in two polymorphs realizes similar H-bonding motifs, but the overall H-bonded networks differ. Based on periodic density functional theory calculations, the novel tetragonal polymorph with two interpenetrated H-bonded networks is slightly less stable than the orthorhombic one with the zst topology of the underlying H-bonded net that is in accord with experimentally observed powder XRD patterns of slow conversion of the tetragonal phase to the orthorhombic one. However, topological analysis of net relations revealed that no transformations can be applied to convert H-bonded networks in the experimental unit cells, and DSC data indicate no solid-state reactions at heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Goloveshkin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.M. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Vologzhanina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.K.)
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22
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Li C, Wu D, Li J, Ji X, Qi L, Sun Q, Wang A, Xie C, Gong J, Chen W. Multicomponent crystals of clotrimazole: a combined theoretical and experimental study. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00934f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared with clotrimazole, some multicomponent crystals showed an improvement in solubility and dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiulong Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Luguang Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qin Sun
- Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110021 P. R. China
| | - Aiyu Wang
- Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, Shandong, 272104, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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23
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Single crystal investigation, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT exploration of the pyrimethamine-based novel organic salt: 2, 4-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidin-1-ium 3-carboxybenzoate hydrate (1:1:1). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Saikia B, Pathak D, Sarma B. Variable stoichiometry cocrystals: occurrence and significance. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric variation in organic cocrystals, their synthesis, structure elucidation and properties are discussed. Accountable reasons for the occurrence of such cocrystals are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
| | - Debabrat Pathak
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
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25
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Hanif M, Khan E, Khalid M, Tahir MN, Morais SFDA, Braga AAC. 2-Amino-3-methylpyridinium, 2-amino-4-methylbenzothiazolium and 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium salts. Experimental and theoretical findings. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Intermolecular Interactions in Crystal Structures of Imatinib-Containing Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238970. [PMID: 33255944 PMCID: PMC7731260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib, one of the most used therapeutic agents to treat leukemia, is an inhibitor that specifically blocks the activity of tyrosine kinases. The molecule of imatinib is flexible and contains several functional groups able to take part in H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Analysis of molecular conformations for this drug was carried out using density functional theory calculations of rotation potentials along single bonds and by analyzing crystal structures of imatinib-containing compounds taken from the Cambridge Structural Database and the Protein Data Bank. Rotation along the N-C bond in the region of the amide group was found to be the reason for two relatively stable molecular conformations, an extended and a folded one. The role of various types of intermolecular interactions in stabilization of the particular molecular conformation was studied in terms of (i) the likelihood of H-bond formation, and (ii) their contribution to the Voronoi molecular surface. It is shown that experimentally observed hydrogen bonds are in accord with the likelihood of their formation. The number of H-bonds in ligand-receptor complexes surpasses that in imatinib salts due to the large number of donors and acceptors of H-bonding within the binding pocket of tyrosine kinases. Contribution of hydrophilic intermolecular interactions to the Voronoi molecular surface is similar for both conformations, while π...π stacking is more typical for the folded conformation of imatinib.
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Devogelaer J, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, Gelder R. Co‐crystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Joris Devogelaer
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - René Gelder
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Devogelaer J, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, de Gelder R. Co-crystal Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21711-21718. [PMID: 32797658 PMCID: PMC7756866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of attention has been given to the design and synthesis of co-crystals by both industry and academia because of its potential to change a molecule's physicochemical properties. Yet, difficulties arise when searching for adequate combinations of molecules (or coformers) to form co-crystals, hampering the efficient exploration of the target's solid-state landscape. This paper reports on the application of a data-driven co-crystal prediction method based on two types of artificial neural network models and co-crystal data present in the Cambridge Structural Database. The models accept pairs of coformers and predict whether a co-crystal is likely to form. By combining the output of multiple models of both types, our approach shows to have excellent performance on the proposed co-crystal training and validation sets, and has an estimated accuracy of 80 % for molecules for which previous co-crystallization data is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Joris Devogelaer
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - René de Gelder
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Wang X, Du S, Zhang R, Jia X, Yang T, Zhang X. Drug-drug cocrystals: Opportunities and challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:307-317. [PMID: 34276820 PMCID: PMC8261079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, drug-drug cocrystal attracts more and more attention. It offers a low risk, low-cost but high reward route to new and better medicines and could improve the physiochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of a medicine by addition of a suitable therapeutically effective component without any chemical modification. Having so many advantages, to date, the reported drug-drug cocrystals are rare. Here we review the drug-drug cocrystals that reported in last decade and shed light on the opportunities and challenges for the development of drug-drug cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xuedong Jia
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Phamacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Manin AN, Drozd KV, Surov AO, Churakov AV, Volkova TV, Perlovich GL. Identification of a previously unreported co-crystal form of acetazolamide: a combination of multiple experimental and virtual screening methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20867-20879. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an approach of trying multiple methods in a more comprehensive search for co-crystals of acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N. Manin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- 153045 Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Drozd
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- 153045 Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Artem O. Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- 153045 Ivanovo
- Russia
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31
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Sarkar N, Mitra J, Vittengl M, Berndt L, Aakeröy CB. A user-friendly application for predicting the outcome of co-crystallizations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An automated application, CoForm, was used for predicting the outcomes of attempted co-crystallizations between two active pharmaceutical ingredients, loratadine and desloratadine, and 41 potential co-formers from the general interest (OGI) list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Joydeep Mitra
- Department of Computer Science
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - Molly Vittengl
- Department of Chemistry
- Truman State University
- Kirksville
- USA
| | - Lexi Berndt
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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32
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Sarkar N, Aakeröy CB. Evaluating hydrogen-bond propensity, hydrogen-bond coordination and hydrogen-bond energy as tools for predicting the outcome of attempted co-crystallisations. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1693043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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33
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Jagia M, Daptardar R, Patel K, Bansal AK, Patel S. Role of Structure, Microenvironmental pH, and Speciation To Understand the Formation and Properties of Febuxostat Eutectics. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4610-4620. [PMID: 31573811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization studies were undertaken to improve the solubility of a highly water-insoluble drug, febuxostat (FXT), used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. A liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method was successfully employed, starting with the screening of various coformers for obtaining cocrystals. However, in this process, three eutectic systems with coformers (probenecid, adipic acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid) were formed. Affinities of the different functional groups to form a hydrogen bond and ΔpKa differences, leading to the eutectic formation, were discussed. The eutectic systems thus formed were further characterized and analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Binary thermal phase diagrams were plotted using different ratios of the systems to confirm the formation of eutectics, and pH-dependent solubility studies exhibited a significant decrease in the solubility in comparison to that of the drug for all three eutectic systems. The solubility of FXT reduced from 46.53 μg/mL (pH 5.63) to 46.03 μg/mL, 28.53 μg/mL, and 18.88 μg/mL; 770.58 μg/mL (pH 8.21) to 307.574 μg/mL, 116.63 μg/mL, 113.40 μg/mL; and from 13165.97 μg/mL (pH 10.13) to 1409.737 μg/mL, 854.51 μg/mL, and 1218.99 μg/mL for FXT-probenecid, FXT-adipic acid, and FXT-α-ketoglutaric acid eutectic systems, respectively. Furthermore, the microenvironmental pH studies were carried out to understand the effect of the microenvironment on the solubility of these eutectic systems. The contribution to solubility from lattice and nonlattice forces considering the microenvironment was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moksh Jagia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Long Island University , 75 Dekalb Avenue , HS Building 612, Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Ruchi Daptardar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Long Island University , 75 Dekalb Avenue , HS Building 612, Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Kinjalben Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Long Island University , 75 Dekalb Avenue , HS Building 612, Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67 , S.A.S. Nagar , Punjab 160062 , India
| | - Sarsvatkumar Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Long Island University , 75 Dekalb Avenue , HS Building 612, Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
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34
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Tahir MN, Ashfaq M, de la Torre AF, Caballero J, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Ali A. Rationalizing the stability and interactions of 2,4-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidin-1-ium 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate salt. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Intermolecular Interactions in Functional Crystalline Materials: From Data to Knowledge. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions of organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds are the key to many composition–structure and structure–property networks. In this review, some of these relations and the tools developed by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) to analyze them and design solid forms with desired properties are described. The potential of studies supported by the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)-Materials tools for investigation of dynamic processes in crystals, for analysis of biologically active, high energy, optical, (electro)conductive, and other functional crystalline materials, and for the prediction of novel solid forms (polymorphs, co-crystals, solvates) are discussed. Besides, some unusual applications, the potential for further development and limitations of the CCDC software are reported.
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Taylor R, Wood PA. A Million Crystal Structures: The Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9427-9477. [PMID: 31244003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The founding in 1965 of what is now called the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has reaped dividends in numerous and diverse areas of chemical research. Each of the million or so crystal structures in the database was solved for its own particular reason, but collected together, the structures can be reused to address a multitude of new problems. In this Review, which is focused mainly on the last 10 years, we chronicle the contribution of the CSD to research into molecular geometries, molecular interactions, and molecular assemblies and demonstrate its value in the design of biologically active molecules and the solid forms in which they are delivered. Its potential in other commercially relevant areas is described, including gas storage and delivery, thin films, and (opto)electronics. The CSD also aids the solution of new crystal structures. Because no scientific instrument is without shortcomings, the limitations of CSD research are assessed. We emphasize the importance of maintaining database quality: notwithstanding the arrival of big data and machine learning, it remains perilous to ignore the principle of garbage in, garbage out. Finally, we explain why the CSD must evolve with the world around it to ensure it remains fit for purpose in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Taylor
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Wood
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , United Kingdom
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37
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Devogelaer JJ, Meekes H, Vlieg E, de Gelder R. Cocrystals in the Cambridge Structural Database: a network approach. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:371-383. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a better understanding of which coformers to combine for the successful formation of a cocrystal, techniques from data mining and network science are used to analyze the data contained in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). A network of coformers is constructed based on cocrystal entries present in the CSD and its properties are analyzed. From this network, clusters of coformers with a similar tendency to form cocrystals are extracted. The popularity of the coformers in the CSD is unevenly distributed: a small group of coformers is responsible for most of the cocrystals, hence resulting in an inherently biased data set. The coformers in the network are found to behave primarily in a bipartite manner, demonstrating the importance of combining complementary coformers for successful cocrystallization. Based on our analysis, it is demonstrated that the CSD coformer network is a promising source of information for knowledge-based cocrystal prediction.
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38
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Santiago de Oliveira Y, Saraiva Costa W, Ferreira Borges P, Silmara Alves de Santana M, Ayala AP. The design of novel metronidazole benzoate structures: exploring stoichiometric diversity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:483-495. [PMID: 31062703 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of supramolecular synthons as a strategy to control crystalline structure is a crucial factor in developing new solid forms with physicochemical properties optimized by design. However, to achieve this objective, it is necessary to understand the intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing. The feasibility of a given synthon depends on its flexibility to combine the drug with a variety of coformers. In the present work, the imidazole-hydroxy synthon is investigated using as the target molecule benzoylmetronidazole [BZMD; systematic name 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate], whose imidazole group seems to be a suitable acceptor for hydrogen bonds. Thus, coformers with carboxylic acid and phenol groups were chosen. According to the availability of binding sites presented in the coformer, and considering the proposed synthon and hydrogen-bond complementarity as major factors, different drug-coformer stoichiometric ratios were explored (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1). Thirteen new solid forms (two salts and eleven cocrystals) were produced, namely BZMD-benzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H6O2, BZMD-β-naphthol (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C10H8O, BZMD-4-methoxybenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C8H8O3, BZMD-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H4N2O6, BZMD-3-aminobenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H7NO2, BZMD-salicylic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H6O3, BZMD-maleic acid (1/1) {as the salt 1-[2-(benzoyloxy)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate}, C13H14N3O4+·C4H3O4-, BZMD-isophthalic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C8H6O4, BZMD-resorcinol (2/1), 2C13H13N3O4·C6H6O2, BZMD-fumaric acid (2/1), C13H13N3O4·0.5C4H4O4, BZMD-malonic acid (2/1), 2C13H13N3O4·C3H2O4, BZMD-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1/1) {as the salt 1-[2-(benzoyloxy)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate}, C13H14N3O4+·C7H5O4-, and BZMD-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3/1), 3C13H13N3O4·C7H6O4, and their crystalline structures elucidated, confirming the robustness of the selected synthon.
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39
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Multiple conformations and supramolecular synthons in almost fifty crystal structures of the anti-HIV/HBV drug lamivudine. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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40
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Synthesis, single crystal analysis and DFT based computational studies of 2,4-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrim idin-1-ium 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate -methanol (DETM). J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Devogelaer JJ, Brugman SJT, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, de Gelder R. Cocrystal design by network-based link prediction. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals are predicted using a network of coformers extracted from the CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud University
- 6525AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud University
- 6525AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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42
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Sathisaran I, Dalvi SV. Engineering Cocrystals of PoorlyWater-Soluble Drugs to Enhance Dissolution in Aqueous Medium. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E108. [PMID: 30065221 PMCID: PMC6161265 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs suffer from poor aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. Most of these drugs are hydrophobic and cannot be developed into a pharmaceutical formulation due to their poor aqueous solubility. One of the ways to enhance the aqueous solubility of poorlywater-soluble drugs is to use the principles of crystal engineering to formulate cocrystals of these molecules with water-soluble molecules (which are generally called coformers). Many researchers have shown that the cocrystals significantly enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this review, we present a consolidated account of reports available in the literature related to the cocrystallization of poorly water-soluble drugs. The current practice to formulate new drug cocrystals with enhanced solubility involves a lot of empiricism. Therefore, in this work, attempts have been made to understand a general framework involved in successful (and unsuccessful) cocrystallization events which can yield different solid forms such as cocrystals, cocrystal polymorphs, cocrystal hydrates/solvates, salts, coamorphous solids, eutectics and solid solutions. The rationale behind screening suitable coformers for cocrystallization has been explained based on the rules of five i.e., hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding (and in general non-covalent bonding), length of carbon chain, molecular recognition points and coformer aqueous solubility. Different techniques to screen coformers for effective cocrystallization and methods to synthesize cocrystals have been discussed. Recent advances in technologies for continuous and solvent-free production of cocrystals have also been discussed. Furthermore, mechanisms involved in solubilization of these solid forms and the parameters influencing dissolution and stability of specific solid forms have been discussed. Overall, this review provides a consolidated account of the rationale for design of cocrystals, past efforts, recent developments and future perspectives for cocrystallization research which will be extremely useful for researchers working in pharmaceutical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Sameer Vishvanath Dalvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
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43
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Rehman A, Delori A, Hughes DS, Jones W. Structural studies of crystalline forms of triamterene with carboxylic acid, GRAS and API molecules. IUCRJ 2018; 5:309-324. [PMID: 29755747 PMCID: PMC5929377 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical salt solvates (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) of the drug triamterene with the coformers acetic, succinic, adipic, pimelic, azelaic and nicotinic acid and ibuprofen are prepared by liquid-assisted grinding and solvent-evaporative crystallization. The modified ΔpKa rule as proposed by Cruz-Cabeza [(2012 ▸). CrystEngComm, 14, 6362-6365] is in close agreement with the results of this study. All adducts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal analytical techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Hydrogen-bonded motifs combined to form a variety of extended tapes and sheets. Analysis of the crystal structures showed that all adducts existed as salt solvates and contained the amino-pyridinium-carboxyl-ate heterodimer, except for the solvate containing triamterene, ibuprofen and DMSO, as a result of the presence of a strong and stable hemitriamterenium duplex. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD 5.36, Version 1.18) to determine the frequency of occurrence of the putative supramolecular synthons found in this study showed good agreement with previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EW, England
| | - Amit Delori
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - David S. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EW, England
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1EW, England
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44
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Drug‑Drug and Drug‑Nutraceutical Cocrystal/Salt as Alternative Medicine for Combination Therapy: A Crystal Engineering Approach. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Ross SA, Lamprou DA, Douroumis D. Engineering and manufacturing of pharmaceutical co-crystals: a review of solvent-free manufacturing technologies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:8772-86. [PMID: 27302311 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals have received great interest in recent years. Cocrystallization of drug substances offers a tremendous opportunity for the development of new drug products with superior physical and pharmacological properties such as solubility, stability, hydroscopicity, dissolution rates and bioavailability. It is now possible to engineer and develop cocrystals via 'green chemistry' and environmentally friendly approaches such as solid-state synthesis in the absence of organic solvents. In addition, significant efforts have been directed towards computational screening, cocrystal manufacturing in a continuous manner and real-time monitoring for quality purposes by using various analytical tools. Pharmaceutical cocrystals are not fully exploited yet and there is a lot of ground to cover before they can be successfully utilized as medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - D A Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS)s, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK. and EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1 RD, UK
| | - D Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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46
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Taylor C, Day GM. Evaluating the Energetic Driving Force for Cocrystal Formation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:892-904. [PMID: 29445316 PMCID: PMC5806084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a periodic density functional theory study of the stability of 350 organic cocrystals relative to their pure single-component structures, the largest study of cocrystals yet performed with high-level computational methods. Our calculations demonstrate that cocrystals are on average 8 kJ mol-1 more stable than their constituent single-component structures and are very rarely (<5% of cases) less stable; cocrystallization is almost always a thermodynamically favorable process. We consider the variation in stability between different categories of systems-hydrogen-bonded, halogen-bonded, and weakly bound cocrystals-finding that, contrary to chemical intuition, the presence of hydrogen or halogen bond interactions is not necessarily a good predictor of stability. Finally, we investigate the correlation of the relative stability with simple chemical descriptors: changes in packing efficiency and hydrogen bond strength. We find some broad qualitative agreement with chemical intuition-more densely packed cocrystals with stronger hydrogen bonding tend to be more stable-but the relationship is weak, suggesting that such simple descriptors do not capture the complex balance of interactions driving cocrystallization. Our conclusions suggest that while cocrystallization is often a thermodynamically favorable process, it remains difficult to formulate general rules to guide synthesis, highlighting the continued importance of high-level computation in predicting and rationalizing such systems.
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47
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Gunawardana CA, Aakeröy CB. Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14047-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies for driving co-crystal synthesis using a variety of competing non-covalent interactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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48
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Tanida S, Takata N, Takano R, Sakon A, Ueto T, Shiraki K, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Ishigai M. Cocrystal structure design for CH5134731 based on isomorphism. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal engineering approach based on isomorphism succeeded in crystallizing a pharmaceutical cocrystal in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tanida
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - N. Takata
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - R. Takano
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - A. Sakon
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - T. Ueto
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - K. Shiraki
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - K. Kadota
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Takatsuki
- Japan
| | - Y. Tozuka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Takatsuki
- Japan
| | - M. Ishigai
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
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49
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Kumar V, Goswami PK, Thaimattam R, Ramanan A. Multicomponent solids of uracil derivatives – orotic and isoorotic acids. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00486b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of two multifunctional structural isomers viz. orotic and isoorotic acids was explored with a series of amine and pyridine-based coformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Pramod Kumar Goswami
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | | | - Arunachalam Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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Surov AO, Churakov AV, Proshin AN, Dai XL, Lu T, Perlovich GL. Cocrystals of a 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based potent neuroprotector with gallic acid: solubility, thermodynamic stability relationships and formation pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14469-14481. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic stability relationships and the formation pathways of the cocrystals of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based neuroprotector with gallic acid were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem O. Surov
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- 153045 Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Alexey N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
| | - Xia-Lin Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Tongbu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - German L. Perlovich
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- 153045 Ivanovo
- Russia
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