1
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Meisner QJ, Hurley JJM, Guo P, Blood AR, Schaller RD, Gosztola DJ, Wiederrecht GP, Zhu L. Triple Emission of 5'-( para-R-Phenylene)vinylene-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (PVHBO). Part I: Dual Emission from the Neutral Species. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1033-1061. [PMID: 35143188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5'-(para-R-phenylene)vinylene (PV) substituents on the emission properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) are analyzed using steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies in addition to quantum chemical calculations. All members in the series of PVHBOs are capable of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with a solvent sensitivity that is typical of a HBO derivative to produce a normal (aka enol) emission and an excited-state tautomer (aka keto) emission. These two emission bands of the neutral dyes are discussed in the current paper. The intermolecular proton transfer, i.e., the deprotonation, of a PVHBO results in the third band of the triple emission, which is described in the succeeding paper. The placement of an electron-withdrawing substituent R on the PVHBO scaffold increases the intensity of the keto emission relative to the enol emission in hydrogen-bonding solvents. The R substituents do not significantly alter the wavelengths of the enol and keto emission bands, which are located in the blue and green regions, respectively, of the visible spectrum. The ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations offer explanations on how the R group and the solvent affect the enol and keto emission properties (i.e., wavelength, lifetime, fluorescence quantum yield, and relative ratio of their emissions). The key findings include the following: (1) the emission energies of both enol and keto forms are not sensitively dependent on the R substituent and (2) the solvent-engaged enol excited state is quenched more efficiently as the R substituent becomes more electron-withdrawing. A PVHBO acts as a fusion of HBO and stilbenoid that intersect at the hydroxyphenyl moiety. Depending on the solvent and other environmental conditions, PVHBOs may exhibit the ESIPT property of HBO or the substituent-dependent emission of stilbenoid. This paper and the succeeding article provide a photophysical model of PVHBOs to explain the wavelengths and relative abundances of the three emission bands (enol, keto, and anion) that these compounds are able to produce. Judicial selection of the environmental factors may drive the emission of a PVHBO into the spectral regions of blue, green, and, in a couple of cases, orange or red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J Meisner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Joseph J M Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anna R Blood
- New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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2
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Shekhovtsov NA, Ryadun AA, Bushuev MB. Luminescence of a Zinc(II) Complex with a Protonated 1‐Hydroxy‐1
H
‐imidazole ESIPT Ligand: Direct Excitation of a Tautomeric Form. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexey A. Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Mark B. Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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3
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Shekhovtsov NA, Nikolaenkova EB, Berezin AS, Plyusnin VF, Vinogradova KA, Naumov DY, Pervukhina NV, Tikhonov AY, Bushuev MB. A 1-Hydroxy-1H-imidazole ESIPT Emitter Demonstrating anti-Kasha Fluorescence and Direct Excitation of a Tautomeric Form. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1436-1441. [PMID: 34648233 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 1-hydroxy-1H-imidazoles to exist in the form of two prototropic tautomers, the N-hydroxy and the N-oxide forms, can be utilized in the design of new types of ESIPT-fluorophores (ESIPT=excited state intramolecular proton transfer). Here we report the first example of 1-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-based ESIPT-fluorophores, 1-hydroxy-5-methyl-2,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (HL), featuring a short intramolecular hydrogen bond O-H⋅⋅⋅N (O⋅⋅⋅N 2.56 Å) as a pre-requisite for ESIPT. The emission of HL originates from the anti-Kasha S2 →S0 fluorescence in the N-oxide form as a result of a large S2 -S1 energy gap slowing down the S2 →S1 internal conversion. Due to an energy barrier between the N-hydroxy and N-oxide forms in the ground state, the HL molecules can be trapped and photoexcited in the N-oxide form leading to the Stokes shift of ca. 60 nm which is the smallest among known ESIPT-fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena B Nikolaenkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Victor F Plyusnin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Katerina A Vinogradova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Naumov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia V Pervukhina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexsei Ya Tikhonov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mark B Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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4
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Zhang W, Suzuki S, Sakurai T, Yoshida H, Tsutsui Y, Ozaki M, Seki S. Extended conjugation of ESIPT-type dopants in nematic liquid crystalline phase for enhancing fluorescence efficiency and anisotropy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28393-28400. [PMID: 33305298 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds capable of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) show fluorescence with a large Stokes shift and serve as solid-state emitters, luminescent dopants, and fluorescence-based sensing materials. Fluorescence of ESIPT molecules is usually increased in the solid state, but is weak in solvents due to the accelerated non-radiative decays by rotational motions of a part of the molecular core in these environments. Here we report, using a representative ESIPT motif 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), the extended-conjugation strategy of keeping sufficient fluorescence efficiency both in the solid state and in organic media. The introduction of an alkyl-terminated phenylene-ethynylene group into the HBT molecule dramatically enhances the fluorescence quantum yield from 0.01 to 0.20 in toluene and from 0.07 to 0.32 in a representative room-temperature nematic liquid crystal, 4-pentyl-4'-cyano biphenyl (5CB). The newly-synthesized CnP-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-HBT (n = 5 or 8) serves as a fluorescent dopant in 5CB and exhibits anisotropic fluorescence with the order parameter of 0.48, where the luminescence is controlled by the applied electric-field. The enhanced emission efficiency is rationalized by the larger height of energy barrier for the ESIPT process due to the introduction of phenylene-ethynylene groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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5
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Natural Born Laser Dyes: Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Emitters and Their Use in Random Lasing Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081093. [PMID: 31366091 PMCID: PMC6723810 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of five excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) emitters based on a 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole (HBO) scaffold, functionalized with a mono-or bis-(trialkylsilyl) acetylene extended spacer are presented. Investigation of their photophysical properties in solution and in the solid-state in different matrix, along with ab initio calculations gave useful insights into their optical behavior. Random lasing studies were conducted on a series of PMMA doped thin films, showing the presence of stimulated emission above the threshold of pumping energy density (ρth ≈ 0.5–2.6 mJ cm−2). In this work, the similarity of four level laser systems is discussed in light of the ESIPT photocycle.
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6
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Mohan M, Satyanarayan MN, Trivedi DR. Photophysics of proton transfer in hydrazides: a combined theoretical and experimental analysis towards OLED device application. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of conjugation to support ESIPT with impossible double proton transfer in structurally favored species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makesh Mohan
- Optoelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal
- Mangalore – 575025
- India
| | - M. N. Satyanarayan
- Optoelectronics Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal
- Mangalore – 575025
- India
| | - Darshak R. Trivedi
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal
- Mangalore – 575025
- India
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7
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Yang Y, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Ma F, Li Y. Reaction Mechanism of Photodeamination Induced by Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of the Anthrol Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5409-5417. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
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8
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Takagi K, Yamada Y, Fukuda R, Ehara M, Takeuchi D. ESIPT emission behavior of methoxy-substituted 2-hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole isomers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Double intramolecular hydrogen bonding enables efficient ESIPT emission both in solution and solid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Research Center for Computational Science and Institute for Molecular Science
- Okazaki 444-8585
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries
- Kyoto University
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science and Institute for Molecular Science
- Okazaki 444-8585
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries
- Kyoto University
| | - Daisuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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9
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Takagi K, Ito K, Yamada Y, Nakashima T, Fukuda R, Ehara M, Masu H. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Active π-Conjugated Benzimidazole Compounds: Influence of Structural Rigidification by Ring Fusion. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12173-12180. [PMID: 29090911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) active benzimidazole derivatives (1 and 2) were synthesized by acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The steady-state fluorescence spectrum in THF revealed that ring-fused derivative 1 exhibits a dual emission, namely, the major emission was from the K* (keto) form (ESIPT emission) at 515 nm with a large Stokes shift of 11 100 cm-1 and the minor emission was from the E* (enol) form at below 400 nm. In contrast, the normal emission from the E* form was dominant and the fluorescence quantum yield was very low (Φ ∼ 0.002) for nonfused derivative 2. The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of 1 suggested that ESIPT effectively occurs due to the restricted conformational transition to the S1-TICT state, and the averaged radiative and nonradiative decay rate constants were estimated as ⟨kf⟩ = 0.15 ns-1 and ⟨knr⟩ = 0.60 ns-1, respectively. The fluorescence emission of 1 was influenced by the measurement conditions, such as solvent polarity and basicity, as well as the presence of Lewis base. The ESIPT process and solvatochromic behavior were nicely reproduced by the DFT/TDDFT calculation using the PCM model. In the single-crystal fluorescent spectra, the ESIPT emissions were exclusively observed for both fused and nonfused compounds as a result of hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kaede Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Research Center for Computational Science and Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University , 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science and Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University , 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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10
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The new competitive mechanism of hydrogen bonding interactions and transition process for the hydroxyphenyl imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine in mixed liquid solution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1574. [PMID: 28484223 PMCID: PMC5431498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new competitive mechanism of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond can be proposed with an improved mixed model. Upon the photoinduced process, the twisting intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) structure of the hydroxyphenyl imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine (HPIP) can be obtained. TICT character prompts the fluorescent inactivation via non-radiative decay process. For exploring the photochemical and photophysical properties, the electronic spectra and the infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of titled compounds have been detailedly investigated. In addition, the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) analysis visually reveals that the unbalanced electron population can give rise to the torsion of molecular structure. To further give an attractive insight into the non-radiative decay process, the potential energy curves have been depicted on the ground state (S0), the first excited state (S1) and the triple excited state (T1). Minimum energy crossing point (MECP) has been found in the S1 and T1 state. On the MECP, the intersystem crossing (ISC) might be dominant channel. The density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods have been throughout employed in the S0 state, T1 state and S1 state, respectively. The theoretical results are consistent with experiment in mixed and PCM model.
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11
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Light-Induced Direct Arylation in the Solid Crystalline State as a Strategy Towards π-Expanded Imidazoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2513-7. [PMID: 27452918 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Expanded imidazoles bearing the 2-iodophenyl substituent at position 2 undergo direct photoinduced intramolecular arylation in the solid, crystalline state leading to large non-planar heterocycles. An analogous reaction employing 2-bromophenyl and 2-chlorophenyl substituents is considerably slower. Such processes have never before been demonstrated to occur in crystals and have allowed the efficient synthesizes of structurally unique compounds containing either the phenanthro[9',10':4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine moiety or structurally related skeletons. The reaction occurs in the thin crystalline layers irradiated with UV photons in an almost quantitative manner over 48-72 h. Several previously unknown architectures have been prepared using this methodology. Furthermore, the optical properties of these π-expanded imidazoles can be altered with the addition of heteroatoms and/or electron-donating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Skonieczny K, Yoo J, Larsen JM, Espinoza EM, Barbasiewicz M, Vullev VI, Lee CH, Gryko DT. How To Reach Intense Luminescence for Compounds Capable of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer? Chemistry 2016; 22:7485-96. [PMID: 27062363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced intramolecular direct arylation allows structurally unique compounds containing phenanthro[9',10':4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine and imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine skeletons, which mediate excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), to be efficiently synthesized. The developed polycyclic aromatics demonstrate that the combination of five-membered ring structures with a rigid arrangement between a proton donor and a proton acceptor provides a means for attaining large fluorescence quantum yields, exceeding 0.5, even in protic solvents. Steady-state and time-resolved UV/Vis spectroscopy reveals that, upon photoexcitation, the prepared protic heteroaromatics undergo ESIPT, converting them efficiently into their excited-state keto tautomers, which have lifetimes ranging from about 5 to 10 ns. The rigidity of their structures, which suppresses nonradiative decay pathways, is believed to be the underlying reason for the nanosecond lifetimes of these singlet excited states and the observed high fluorescence quantum yields. Hydrogen bonding with protic solvents does not interfere with the excited-state dynamics and, as a result, there is no difference between the occurrences of ESIPT processes in MeOH versus cyclohexane. Acidic media has a more dramatic effect on suppressing ESIPT by protonating the proton acceptor. As a result, in the presence of an acid, a larger proportion of the fluorescence of ESIPT-capable compounds originates from their enol excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jaeduk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 23417, Republic of Korea
| | - Jillian M Larsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Eli M Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 23417, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Azarias C, Budzák Š, Laurent AD, Ulrich G, Jacquemin D. Tuning ESIPT fluorophores into dual emitters. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3763-3774. [PMID: 29997864 PMCID: PMC6008603 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using first-principle approaches, we show how ESIPT can be controlled by fine-tuning of substituents, hence leading to new dual emitters.
Dyes undergoing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are known to present large Stokes shifts as a result of the important geometrical reorganisation following photon absorption. When the ESIPT process is not quantitative, one can obtain dual emitters characterised by two distinct fluorescence bands, observed due to emissions from both the canonical and ESIPT isomers. However, dual emission generally requires to maintain a very specific balance, as the relative excited-state free energies of the two tautomers have to be within a narrow window to observe the phenomenon. Consequently, simple chemical intuition is insufficient to optimise dual emission. In the present contribution, we investigate, with the help of quantum-mechanical tools and more precisely, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC), a wide panel of possible ESIPT/dual emitters with various substituents. The selected protocol is first shown to be very robust on a series of structures with known experimental behaviour, and next is applied to novel derivatives with various substituents located at different positions. This work encompasses the largest chemical library of potential ESIPT compounds studied to date. We pinpoint the most promising combinations for building dual emitters, highlight unexpected combination effects and rationalise the impact of the different auxochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Azarias
- CEISAM , UMR CNRS 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 , France . ; Tel: +33-2-51-12-55-64
| | - Šimon Budzák
- CEISAM , UMR CNRS 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 , France . ; Tel: +33-2-51-12-55-64
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- CEISAM , UMR CNRS 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 , France . ; Tel: +33-2-51-12-55-64
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie , l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS Université de Strasbourg , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 , France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM , UMR CNRS 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 , France . ; Tel: +33-2-51-12-55-64.,Institut Universitaire de France , 1, rue Descartes , F-75005 Paris Cedex 05 , France
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14
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Li Y, Wang L, Guo X, Zhang J. A CASSCF/CASPT2 insight into excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of four imidazole derivatives. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:2374-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xugeng Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
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15
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Photochemical Conversion of Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles into π-Expanded Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5753-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Stasyuk AJ, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT, Solà M. Acidic C–H Bond as a Proton Donor in Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:1046-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ct501100t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. Stasyuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Nano A, Gullo MP, Ventura B, Armaroli N, Barbieri A, Ziessel R. Panchromatic luminescence from julolidine dyes exhibiting excited state intramolecular proton transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3351-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09832c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The panchromatic emission from julolidine dyes modified for ESIPT is modulated by the substituent on the phenyl ring (R = I, CCH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Nano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA)
- UMR 7515
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - Maria Pia Gullo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna BO
- Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna BO
- Italy
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna BO
- Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna BO
- Italy
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA)
- UMR 7515
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
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18
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Huang L, Gu B, Su W, yin P, Li H. Proton donor modulating ESIPT-based fluorescent probes for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel ESIPT-based fluorescent probes for Cu2+ detection were developed. Altering the linker in probe molecules reversed their sensing behavior. Both probes exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+, and can be used for cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Biao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Peng yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
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19
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Krzeszewski M, Thorsted B, Brewer J, Gryko DT. Tetraaryl-, pentaaryl-, and hexaaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: synthesis and optical properties. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3119-28. [PMID: 24655027 DOI: 10.1021/jo5002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient conditions for the synthesis of tetra-, penta-, and hexasubstituted derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole were developed. The tetraaryl derivatives were obtained in a novel one-pot reaction among aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines, and butane-2,3-dione. After a thorough examination of various reaction parameters (solvent, acid, temperature) p-toluenesulfonic acid was identified as the crucial catalyst. As a result, 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were obtained in the highest yields reported to date. The scope and limitation studies showed that this new method was particularly efficient for sterically hindered aldehydes (yields 45-49%). Pentaaryl- and hexaaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were prepared from tetraaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles via direct arylation by employing both electron-poor and electron-rich aromatic and heteroaromatic haloarenes. Strategic placement of electron-withdrawing substituents at the 2-, 3-, 5-, and 6-positions produced an acceptor-donor-acceptor type fluorophore. The resulting multiply substituted heteropentalenes displayed intriguing optical properties. The relationship between the structure and photophysical properties for all compounds were directly compared and thoroughly elucidated. All synthesized products displayed strong blue fluorescence and exhibited moderate to large Stokes shifts (3000-7300 cm(-1)) as well as high quantum yields of fluorescence up to 88%. Two-photon absorption cross-section values measured in the near-IR region were surprisingly high (hundreds of GM), given the limited conjugation in these propeller-shaped dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 00-224 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Stasyuk AJ, Banasiewicz M, Ventura B, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Benzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizines – a new class of molecules displaying excited state intramolecular proton transfer. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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