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Elishav O, Stone D, Tsyganok A, Jayanthi S, Ellis DS, Yeshurun T, Maor II, Levi A, Beilin V, Shter GE, Yerushalmi R, Rothschild A, Banin U, Grader GS. Composite Indium Tin Oxide Nanofibers with Embedded Hematite Nanoparticles for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41851-41860. [PMID: 36094823 PMCID: PMC9501920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematite is a classical photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting due to its stability, performance, and low cost. However, the effect of particle size is still a question due to the charge transfer to the electrodes. In this work, we addressed this subject by the fabrication of a photoelectrode with hematite nanoparticles embedded in close contact with the electrode substrate. The nanoparticles were synthesized by a solvothermal method and colloidal stabilization with charged hydroxide molecules, and we were able to further use them to prepare electrodes for water photo-oxidation. Hematite nanoparticles were embedded within electrospun tin-doped indium oxide nanofibers. The fibrous layer acted as a current collector scaffold for the nanoparticles, supporting the effective transport of charge carriers. This method allows better contact of the nanoparticles with the substrate, and also, the fibrous scaffold increases the optical density of the photoelectrode. Electrodes based on nanofibers with embedded nanoparticles display significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical performance compared to their flat nanoparticle-based layer counterparts. This nanofiber architecture increases the photocurrent density and photon-to-current internal conversion efficiency by factors of 2 and 10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Elishav
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - David Stone
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anton Tsyganok
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Swetha Jayanthi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S. Ellis
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Tamir Yeshurun
- Faculty
of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Itzhak I. Maor
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vadim Beilin
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Gennady E. Shter
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Roie Yerushalmi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Rothschild
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon S. Grader
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
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Li S, Wang H, Wang J, Chen H, Shao L. Control of light-valley interactions in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with nanophotonic structures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6357-6372. [PMID: 33885520 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic valley in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) offers a new degree of freedom for information storage and processing. The valley pseudospin can be optically encoded by photons with specific helicity, enabling the construction of electronic information devices with both high performance and low power consumption. Robust detection, manipulation and transport of the valley pseudospins at room temperature are still challenging because of the short lifetime of valley-polarized carriers and excitons. Integrating 2D TMDCs with nanophotonic objects such as plasmonic nanostructures provides a competitive solution to address the challenge. The research in this field is of practical interest and can also present rich physics of light-matter interactions. In this minireview, recent progress on using nanophotonic strategies to enhance the valley polarization degree, especially at room temperature, is highlighted. Open questions, major challenges, and interesting future developments in manipulating the valley information in 2D semiconductors with the help of nanophotonic structures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Tao L, Guo P, Zhu W, Li T, Zhou X, Fu Y, Yu C, Ji H. Highly efficient mixed-metal spinel cobaltite electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Singh AP, Tossi C, Tittonen I, Hellman A, Wickman B. Synergies of co-doping in ultra-thin hematite photoanodes for solar water oxidation: In and Ti as representative case. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33307-33316. [PMID: 35515023 PMCID: PMC9056703 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04576d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar energy induced water splitting in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells is one of the most sustainable ways of hydrogen production. The challenge is to develop corrosion resistant and chemically stable semiconductors that absorb sunlight in the visible region and, at the same time, have the band edges matching with the redox level of water. In this work, hematite (α-Fe2O3) thin films were prepared onto an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO; In:SnO2) substrate by e-beam evaporation of Fe, followed by air annealing at two different temperatures: 350 and 500 °C. The samples annealed at 500 °C show an in situ diffusion of indium from the ITO substrate to the surface of α-Fe2O3, where it acts as a dopant and enhances the photoelectrochemical properties of hematite. Structural, optical, chemical and photoelectrochemical analysis reveal that the diffusion of In at 500 °C enhances the optical absorption, increases the electrode-electrolyte contact area by changing the surface topology, improves the carrier concentration and shifts the flat band potential in the cathodic direction. Further enhancement in photocurrent density was observed by ex situ diffusion of Ti, deposited in the form of nanodisks, from the top surface to the bulk. The in situ In diffused α-Fe2O3 photoanode exhibits an improved photoelectrochemical performance, with a photocurrent density of 145 μA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, compared to 37 μA cm-2 for the photoanode prepared at 350 °C; it also decreases the photocurrent onset potential from 1.13 V to 1.09 V. However, the In/Ti co-doped sample exhibits an even higher photocurrent density of 290 μA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE and the photocurrent onset potential decreases to 0.93 VRHE, which is attributed to the additional doping and to the surface becoming more favorable to charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadesh P Singh
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden +46 31 772 51 79
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University P. O. Box 13500 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Camilla Tossi
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University P. O. Box 13500 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Ilkka Tittonen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University P. O. Box 13500 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Anders Hellman
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden +46 31 772 51 79
| | - Björn Wickman
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden +46 31 772 51 79
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Peter LM, Wong LH, Abdi FF. Revealing the Influence of Doping and Surface Treatment on the Surface Carrier Dynamics in Hematite Nanorod Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41265-41272. [PMID: 29099583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation is considered to be the rate-limiting step of the two half-reactions in light-driven water splitting. Consequently, considerable effort has focused on improving the performance of photoanodes for water oxidation. While these efforts have met with some success, the mechanisms responsible for improvements resulting from photoanode modifications are often difficult to determine. This is mainly caused by the entanglement of numerous properties that influence the PEC performance, particularly processes that occur at the photoanode/electrolyte interface. In this study, we set out to elucidate the effects on the surface carrier dynamics of hematite photoanodes of introducing manganese (Mn) into hematite nanorods and of creating a core-shell structure. Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) measurements reveal that the introduction of Mn into hematite not only increases the rate constant for hole transfer but also reduces the rate constant for surface recombination. In contrast, the core-shell architecture evidently passivates the surface states where recombination occurs; no change is observed for the charge transfer rate constant, whereas the surface recombination rate constant is suppressed by ∼1 order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia H Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Fatwa F Abdi
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
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Zhang D, Shi J, Zi W, Wang P, Liu SF. Recent Advances in Photoelectrochemical Applications of Silicon Materials for Solar-to-Chemicals Conversion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4324-4341. [PMID: 28977741 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for the conversion of solar energy into chemicals requires cost-effective photoelectrodes to efficiently and stably drive anodic and/or cathodic half-reactions to complete the overall reactions for storing solar energy in chemical bonds. The shared properties among semiconducting photoelectrodes and photovoltaic (PV) materials are light absorption, charge separation, and charge transfer. Earth-abundant silicon materials have been widely applied in the PV industry, and have demonstrated their efficiency as alternative photoabsorbers for photoelectrodes. Many efforts have been made to fabricate silicon photoelectrodes with enhanced performance, and significant progress has been achieved in recent years. Herein, recent developments in crystalline and thin-film silicon-based photoelectrodes (including amorphous, microcrystalline, and nanocrystalline silicon) immersed in aqueous solution for PEC hydrogen production from water splitting are summarized, as well as applications in PEC CO2 reduction and PEC regeneration of discharged species in redox flow batteries. Silicon is an ideal material for the cost-effective production of solar chemicals through PEC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Wei Zi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
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7
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Wickman B, Bastos Fanta A, Burrows A, Hellman A, Wagner JB, Iandolo B. Iron Oxide Films Prepared by Rapid Thermal Processing for Solar Energy Conversion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40500. [PMID: 28091573 PMCID: PMC5238422 DOI: 10.1038/srep40500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematite is a promising and extensively investigated material for various photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes for energy conversion and storage, in particular for oxidation reactions. Thermal treatments during synthesis of hematite are found to affect the performance of hematite electrodes considerably. Herein, we present hematite thin films fabricated via one-step oxidation of Fe by rapid thermal processing (RTP). In particular, we investigate the effect of oxidation temperature on the PEC properties of hematite. Films prepared at 750 °C show the highest activity towards water oxidation. These films show the largest average grain size and the highest charge carrier density, as determined from electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy analysis. We believe that the fast processing enabled by RTP makes this technique a preferred method for investigation of novel materials and architectures, potentially also on nanostructured electrodes, where retaining high surface area is crucial to maximize performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Wickman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-42196 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A. Bastos Fanta
- Center for electron nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. Burrows
- Center for electron nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-42196 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J. B. Wagner
- Center for electron nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B. Iandolo
- Center for electron nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Klotz D, Grave DA, Rothschild A. Accurate determination of the charge transfer efficiency of photoanodes for solar water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20383-20392. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02419c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The charge transfer efficiency,ηt, is important to distinguish between bulk and surface recombination losses, but it is difficult to determine it accurately. We provide a comparison of methods and give recommendations, how to obtain reliable values forηt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Klotz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Daniel A. Grave
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
| | - Avner Rothschild
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
- Israel
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9
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Klotz D, Ellis DS, Dotan H, Rothschild A. Empirical in operando analysis of the charge carrier dynamics in hematite photoanodes by PEIS, IMPS and IMVS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23438-57. [PMID: 27524381 PMCID: PMC5310524 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we introduce intensity modulated photocurrent/voltage spectroscopy (IMPS and IMVS) as powerful tools for the analysis of charge carrier dynamics in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar water splitting, taking hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes as a case study. We complete the picture by including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and linking the trio of PEIS, IMPS and IMVS, introduced here as photoelectrochemical immittance triplets (PIT), both mathematically and phenomenologically, demonstrating what conclusions can be extracted from these measurements. A novel way of analyzing the results by an empirical approach with minimal presumptions is introduced, using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) function. The DRT approach is compared to conventional analysis approaches that are based on physical models and therefore come with model presumptions. This work uses a thin film hematite photoanode as a model system, but the approach can be applied to other PEC systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Klotz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
- Institute for Applied Materials – Materials for Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IAM-WET) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - David Shai Ellis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
| | - Hen Dotan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
| | - Avner Rothschild
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion – Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel . ;
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Iandolo B, Wickman B, Svensson E, Paulsson D, Hellman A. Tailoring Charge Recombination in Photoelectrodes Using Oxide Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2381-2386. [PMID: 26978576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing semiconductor devices for solar energy conversion requires an explicit control of the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here we show how the recombination of charge carriers can be controlled in semiconductor thin films by surface patterning with oxide nanodisks. The control mechanism relies on the formation of dipole-like electric fields at the interface that, depending on the field direction, attract or repel minority carriers from underneath the disks. The charge recombination rate can be controlled through the choice of oxide material and the surface coverage of nanodisks. We provide proof-of-principle demonstration of this approach by patterning the surface of Fe2O3, one of the most studied semiconductors for light-driven water splitting, with TiO2 and Cu2O nanodisks. We expect this method to be generally applicable to a range of semiconductor-based solar energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Iandolo
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Björn Wickman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elin Svensson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Paulsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Wang L, Zhou X, Nguyen NT, Schmuki P. Plasmon-enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using au nanoparticles decorated on hematite nanoflake arrays. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:618-22. [PMID: 25581403 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematite nanoflake arrays were decorated with Au nanoparticles through a simple solution chemistry approach. We show that the photoactivity of Au-decorated Fe2 O3 electrodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation can be effectively enhanced in the UV/Visible region compared with the bare Fe2 O3 . Au-nanoparticle-decorated Fe2 O3 nanoflake electrodes exhibit a significant cathodic shift of the onset potential up to 0.6 V [vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)], and a two times increase in the water oxidation photocurrent is achieved at 1.23 VRHE . A maximum photocurrent of 2.0 mA cm(-2) at 1.6 VRHE is obtained in 1 M KOH under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm(-2) ) conditions. The enhancement in photocurrent can be attributed to the Au nanoparticles acting as plasmonic photosensitizers that increase the optical absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
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Iandolo B, Zhang H, Wickman B, Zorić I, Conibeer G, Hellman A. Correlating flat band and onset potentials for solar water splitting on model hematite photoanodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing oxidation time during fabrication of hematite (Fe2O3) films reduces the amount of grain boundaries, resulting in lower flat band potential and onset potential for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Iandolo
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Björn Wickman
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Igor Zorić
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Gavin Conibeer
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
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Dotan H, Mathews N, Hisatomi T, Grätzel M, Rothschild A. On the Solar to Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency of Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3330-3334. [PMID: 26278440 DOI: 10.1021/jz501716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hen Dotan
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Nripan Mathews
- ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Avner Rothschild
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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