1
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Pruchnik BC, Fidelus JD, Gacka E, Mika K, Zaraska L, Sulka GD, Gotszalk TP. Atomic force microscopy in mechanical measurements of single nanowires. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 263:113985. [PMID: 38759603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2024.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of mechanical measurement of single nanowires (NWs) in a repeatable manner. Substrates with specifically designed mechanical features were used for NW placement and localization for measurements of properties such as Young's modulus or tensile strength of NW with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) system. Dense arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were obtained by one-step anodic oxidation of metallic Zn foil in a sodium bicarbonate electrolyte and thermal post-treatment. ZnO NWs with a hexagonal wurtzite structure were fixed to the substrates using focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) and were annealed at different temperatures in situ. We show a 10-fold change in the properties of annealed materials as well as a difference in the properties of the NW materials from their bulk values with pre-annealed Young modulus at the level of 20 GPa and annealed reaching 200 GPa. We found the newly developed method to be much more versatile, allowing for in situ operations of NWs, including measurements with different methods of scanning probe microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz C Pruchnik
- Department of Nanometrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Janusz D Fidelus
- Time and Length Department, Central Office of Measures, Elektoralna 2, Warsaw 00-139, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Gacka
- Department of Nanometrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Krystyna Mika
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Leszek Zaraska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Grzegorz D Sulka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Teodor P Gotszalk
- Department of Nanometrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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2
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Fernandez-Alberti S, Long R. Resolving the Puzzle of Charge Carrier Lifetime in ZnO by Revisiting the Role of Oxygen Vacancy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1-8. [PMID: 38126721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap prototypical n-type semiconductor due to the presence of intrinsic oxygen vacancies (VO). The VO can readily transfer to the most energetically favorable +2 charged VO (VO2+) by losing two electrons mediated by the metastable VO1+ defect. Nevertheless, the influence of charged VO on the charge dynamics in ZnO and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By performing nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of the charge trapping and recombination processes, we show that both VO1+ and VO2+ slow down the nonradiative electron-hole recombination via assisted defect states and, thus, extending charge carrier lifetime compared to pristine ZnO. Our study contributes to identifying the different recombination pathways that take place in VO1+ and VO2+ of n-type ZnO systems, providing useful guidance for designing high-performance ZnO-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, P. R. China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | | | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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3
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Fukuda I, Moritsugu K, Higo J, Fukunishi Y. A cutoff-based method with charge-distribution-data driven pair potentials for efficiently estimating electrostatic interactions in molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:234116. [PMID: 38112509 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a simple cutoff-based method for precise electrostatic energy calculations in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of point-particle systems. Our method employs a theoretically derived smooth pair potential function to define electrostatic energy, offering stability and computational efficiency in MD simulations. Instead of imposing specific physical conditions, such as dielectric environments or charge neutrality, we focus on the relationship represented by a single summation formula of charge-weighted pair potentials. This approach allows an accurate energy approximation for each particle, enabling a straightforward error analysis. The resulting particle-dependent pair potential captures the charge distribution information, making it suitable for heterogeneous systems and ensuring an enhanced accuracy through distant information inclusion. Numerical investigations of the Madelung constants of crystalline systems validate the method's accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8231, Japan
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8073, Japan
| | - Kei Moritsugu
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8231, Japan
| | - Junichi Higo
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo650-0047, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Fukunishi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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4
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Barettin D. State of the Art of Continuous and Atomistic Modeling of Electromechanical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1820. [PMID: 37368250 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The main intent of this paper is to present an exhaustive description of the most relevant mathematical models for the electromechanical properties of heterostructure quantum dots. Models are applied both to wurtzite and zincblende quantum dot due to the relevance they have shown for optoelectronic applications. In addition to a complete overview of the continuous and atomistic models for the electromechanical fields, analytical results will be presented for some relevant approximations, some of which are unpublished, such as models in cylindrical approximation or a cubic approximation for the transformation of a zincblende parametrization to a wurtzite one and vice versa. All analytical models will be supported by a wide range of numerical results, most of which are also compared with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Barettin
- Daniele Barettin of Electronic Engineering, Università Niccoló Cusano, 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Paul S, Schwen D, Short MP, Momeni K. A Modified Embedded-Atom Method Potential for a Quaternary Fe-Cr-Si-Mo Solid Solution Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2825. [PMID: 37049119 PMCID: PMC10096159 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferritic-martensitic steels, such as T91, are candidate materials for high-temperature applications, including superheaters, heat exchangers, and advanced nuclear reactors. Considering these alloys' wide applications, an atomistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for their excellent mechano-chemical properties is crucial. Here, we developed a modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potential for the Fe-Cr-Si-Mo quaternary alloy system-i.e., four major elements of T91-using a multi-objective optimization approach to fit thermomechanical properties reported using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental measurements. Elastic constants calculated using the proposed potential for binary interactions agreed well with ab initio calculations. Furthermore, the computed thermal expansion and self-diffusion coefficients employing this potential are in good agreement with other studies. This potential will offer insightful atomistic knowledge to design alloys for use in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiddartha Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel Schwen
- Department of Computational Mechanics and Materials, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83402, USA
| | - Michael P. Short
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kasra Momeni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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6
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Fukuda I, Nakamura H. Non-Ewald methods for evaluating the electrostatic interactions of charge systems: similarity and difference. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1315-1340. [PMID: 36659982 PMCID: PMC9842848 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular simulations, it is essential to properly calculate the electrostatic interactions of particles in the physical system of interest. Here we consider a method called the non-Ewald method, which does not rely on the standard Ewald method with periodic boundary conditions, but instead relies on the cutoff-based techniques. We focus on the physicochemical and mathematical conceptual aspects of the method in order to gain a deeper understanding of the simulation methodology. In particular, we take into account the reaction field (RF) method, the isotropic periodic sum (IPS) method, and the zero-multipole summation method (ZMM). These cutoff-based methods are based on different physical ideas and are completely distinguishable in their underlying concepts. The RF and IPS methods are "additive" methods that incorporate information outside the cutoff region, via dielectric medium and isotropic boundary condition, respectively. In contrast, the ZMM is a "subtraction" method that tries to remove the artificial effects, generated near the boundary, from the cutoff sphere. Nonetheless, we find physical and/or mathematical similarities between these methods. In particular, the modified RF method can be derived by the principle of neutralization utilized in the ZMM, and we also found a direct relationship between IPS and ZMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Fukuda
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima, Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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7
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Paisrisarn P, Yasui T, Zhu Z, Klamchuen A, Kasamechonchung P, Wutikhun T, Yordsri V, Baba Y. Tailoring ZnO nanowire crystallinity and morphology for label-free capturing of extracellular vesicles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4484-4494. [PMID: 35234770 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07237d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have shown their potential in isolation of cancer-related biomolecules such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), RNAs, and DNAs for early diagnosis and therapeutic development of diseases. Since the function of inorganic nanowires changes depending on their morphology, previous studies have established strategies to control the morphology and have demonstrated attainment of improved properties for gas and organic compound detection, and for dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectric conversion performance. Nevertheless, crystallinity and morphology of ZnO nanowires for capturing EVs, an important biomarker of cancer, have not yet been discussed. Here, we fabricated ZnO nanowires with different crystallinities and morphologies using an ammonia-assisted hydrothermal method, and we comprehensively analyzed the crystalline nature and oriented growth of the synthesized nanowires by X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In evaluating the performance of label-free EV capture in a microfluidic device platform, we found both the crystallinity and morphology of ZnO nanowires affected EV capture efficiency. In particular, the zinc blende phase was identified as important for crystallinity, while increasing the nanowire density in the array was important for morphology to improve EV capture performance. These results highlighted that the key physicochemical properties of the ZnO nanowires were related to the EV capture performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Paisrisarn
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zetao Zhu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Annop Klamchuen
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panita Kasamechonchung
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tuksadon Wutikhun
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Visittapong Yordsri
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Tang L, Jia Y, Zhu Z, Hua Y, Wu J, Zou Z, Zhou Y. Effects of Co Doping on the Growth and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Particles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030833. [PMID: 35164099 PMCID: PMC8840763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work reports on the synthesis of ZnO photocatalysts with different Co-doping levels via a facile one-step solution route. The structural and optical properties were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The morphology of Co-doped ZnO depends on the reaction temperature and the amount of Co and counter-ions in the solution. Changes with the c-axis lattice constant and room temperature redshift show the replacement of Zn with Co ions without changing the wurtzite structure. Photocatalytic activities of Co-doped ZnO on the evolution of H2 and the degradation of methylene blue (MB) reduce with the doping of Co ions. As the close ionic radii of Co and Zn, the reducing photocatalytic activity is not due to the physical defects but the formation of deep bandgap energy levels. Photocurrent response experiments further prove the formation of the recombination centers. Mechanistic insights into Co-ZnO formation and performance regulation are essential for their structural adaptation for application in catalysis, energy storage, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, China; (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, China; (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhishang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, China; (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yue Hua
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, China; (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, China; (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (Y.Z.)
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9
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Dai B, Biesold GM, Zhang M, Zou H, Ding Y, Wang ZL, Lin Z. Piezo-phototronic effect on photocatalysis, solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13646-13691. [PMID: 34821246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The piezo-phototronic effect (a coupling effect of piezoelectric, photoexcitation and semiconducting properties, coined in 2010) has been demonstrated to be an ingenious and robust strategy to manipulate optoelectronic processes by tuning the energy band structure and photoinduced carrier behavior. The piezo-phototronic effect exhibits great potential in improving the quantum yield efficiencies of optoelectronic materials and devices and thus could help increase the energy conversion efficiency, thus alleviating the energy shortage crisis. In this review, the fundamental principles and challenges of representative optoelectronic materials and devices are presented, including photocatalysts (converting solar energy into chemical energy), solar cells (generating electricity directly under light illumination), photodetectors (converting light into electrical signals) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs, converting electric current into emitted light signals). Importantly, the mechanisms of how the piezo-phototronic effect controls the optoelectronic processes and the recent progress and applications in the above-mentioned materials and devices are highlighted and summarized. Only photocatalysts, solar cells, photodetectors, and LEDs that display piezo-phototronic behavior are reviewed. Material and structural design, property characterization, theoretical simulation calculations, and mechanism analysis are then examined as strategies to further enhance the quantum yield efficiency of optoelectronic devices via the piezo-phototronic effect. This comprehensive overview will guide future fundamental and applied studies that capitalize on the piezo-phototronic effect for energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Haiyang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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10
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Attariani H, Momeni K, Adkins K. Defect Engineering: A Path toward Exceeding Perfection. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:663-669. [PMID: 31457463 PMCID: PMC6641029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moving to nanoscale is a path to get perfect materials with superior properties. Yet defects, such as stacking faults (SFs), are still forming during the synthesis of nanomaterials and, according to common notion, degrade the properties. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of engineering defects to, surprisingly, achieve mechanical properties beyond those of the corresponding perfect structures. We show that introducing SFs with high density increases the Young's Modulus and the critical stress under compressive loading of the nanowires above those of a perfect structure. The physics can be explained by the increase in intrinsic strain due to the presence of SFs and overlapping of the corresponding strain fields. We have used the molecular dynamics technique and considered ZnO as our model material due to its technological importance for a wide range of electromechanical applications. The results are consistent with recent experiments and propose a novel approach for the fabrication of stronger materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Attariani
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
- Engineering
Program, Wright State University - Lake
Campus, Celina, Ohio 45822, United States
| | - Kasra Momeni
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana Tech
University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Kyle Adkins
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
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11
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Yan Z, Jiang L. Modified Continuum Mechanics Modeling on Size-Dependent Properties of Piezoelectric Nanomaterials: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7020027. [PMID: 28336861 PMCID: PMC5333012 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanomaterials (PNs) are attractive for applications including sensing, actuating, energy harvesting, among others in nano-electro-mechanical-systems (NEMS) because of their excellent electromechanical coupling, mechanical and physical properties. However, the properties of PNs do not coincide with their bulk counterparts and depend on the particular size. A large amount of efforts have been devoted to studying the size-dependent properties of PNs by using experimental characterization, atomistic simulation and continuum mechanics modeling with the consideration of the scale features of the nanomaterials. This paper reviews the recent progresses and achievements in the research on the continuum mechanics modeling of the size-dependent mechanical and physical properties of PNs. We start from the fundamentals of the modified continuum mechanics models for PNs, including the theories of surface piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity and non-local piezoelectricity, with the introduction of the modified piezoelectric beam and plate models particularly for nanostructured piezoelectric materials with certain configurations. Then, we give a review on the investigation of the size-dependent properties of PNs by using the modified continuum mechanics models, such as the electromechanical coupling, bending, vibration, buckling, wave propagation and dynamic characteristics. Finally, analytical modeling and analysis of nanoscale actuators and energy harvesters based on piezoelectric nanostructures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- Department of Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Liying Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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12
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Ghosh M, Ghosh S, Attariani H, Momeni K, Seibt M, Mohan Rao G. Atomic Defects Influenced Mechanics of II-VI Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5969-5974. [PMID: 27580339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of nanocrystals are influenced by atomic defects. Here, we demonstrate the effect of planar defects on the mechanics of ZnO nanorods using atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and large-scale atomistic simulation. We study two different conditionally grown single nanorods. One contains extended I1-type stacking fault (SF) and another is defect free. The SF containing nanorods show buckling behaviors with reduced critical loading, whereas the other kinds show linear elastic behavior. We also studied the size dependence of elastic modulus and yield strength. The elastic modulus in both nanorods is inversely proportional to their size. Similar trend is observed for yield strength in the SF containing nanorods; however, the opposite is observed in the SF-free nanorods. This first experimental and theoretical study will guide toward the development of reliable electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
- IVth Institute of Physics - Solids and Nanostructures, Georg-August-Universität-Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Siddharth Ghosh
- IIIrd Institute of Physics - Biophysics and Complex Systems, Georg-August-Universität-Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Hamed Attariani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wright State University , Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Kasra Momeni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Louisiana Tech University , Ruston, Louisiana 16802, United States
| | - Michael Seibt
- IVth Institute of Physics - Solids and Nanostructures, Georg-August-Universität-Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Gowravaram Mohan Rao
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
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13
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Momeni K, Attariani H, LeSar RA. Structural transformation in monolayer materials: a 2D to 1D transformation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19873-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excess energy of surface atoms along with the surface stresses can be the source of structural instabilities in low dimensional materials, which here we revealed the 2D to 1D transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Momeni
- Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- State College
- USA
- Louisiana Tech University
| | - Hamed Attariani
- Wright State University-Lake Campus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Celina
- USA
| | - Richard A. LeSar
- Iowa State University
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ames
- USA
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14
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Soldano GJ, Zanotto FM, Mariscal MM. Mechanochemical stability of sub-nm ZnO chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7688-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07797d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of monoatomic chains by axial stretching of zinc oxide nanowires is investigated using molecular dynamics and supported by density functional calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Soldano
- INFIQC – Departamento de Matemática y Física – Facultad de Ciencias
- Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - Franco M. Zanotto
- INFIQC – Departamento de Matemática y Física – Facultad de Ciencias
- Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - Marcelo M. Mariscal
- INFIQC – Departamento de Matemática y Física – Facultad de Ciencias
- Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
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15
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Soldano GJ, Zanotto FM, Mariscal MM. Mechanical stability of zinc oxide nanowires under tensile loading: is wurtzite stable at the nanoscale? RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New theoretical evidence suggests that ZnO wurtzite nanowires transform to a body-centered-tetragonal structure under tensile loading at 600 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Soldano
- INFIQC-Departamento de Matemática y Física-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - Franco M. Zanotto
- INFIQC-Departamento de Matemática y Física-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
| | - Marcelo M. Mariscal
- INFIQC-Departamento de Matemática y Física-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Argentina
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16
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Lu X, Wang H, Wei Y, Wen J, Niu M, Jia S. Extreme strain rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of nano silicon nitride thin layers in a basal plane under tension: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15551-7. [PMID: 24953138 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to clarify the extreme strain rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical behaviors of nano silicon nitride thin layers in a basal plane under tension. It is found that fracture stresses show almost no change with increasing strain rate. However, fracture strains decrease gradually due to the appearance of additional N(2c)-Si bond breaking defects in the deformation process. With increasing loading temperature, there is a noticeable drop in fracture stress and fracture strain. In the low temperature range, roughness phases can be observed owing to a combination of factors such as configuration evolution and energy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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