1
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Rivero DS, Pérez-Pérez Y, Perretti MD, Santos T, Scoccia J, Tejedor D, Carrillo R. Kinetic Control of Complexity in Multiple Dynamic Libraries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406654. [PMID: 38660925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiple dynamic libraries of compounds are generated when more than one reversible reaction comes into play. Commonly, two or more orthogonal reversible reactions are used, leading to non-communicating dynamic libraries which share no building blocks. Only a few examples of communicating libraries have been reported, and in all those cases, building blocks are reversibly exchanged from one library to the other, constituting an antiparallel dynamic covalent system. Herein we report that communication between two different dynamic libraries through an irreversible process is also possible. Indeed, alkyl amines cancel the dynamic regime on the nucleophilic substitution of tetrazines, generating kinetically inert compounds. Interestingly, such amine can be part of another dynamic library, an imine-amine exchange. Thus, both libraries are interconnected with each other by an irreversible process which leads to kinetically inert structures that contain parts from both libraries, causing a collapse of the complexity. Additionally, a latent irreversible intercommunication could be developed. In such a way, a stable molecular system with specific host-guest and fluorescence properties, could be irreversibly transformed when the right stimulus was applied, triggering the cancellation of the original supramolecular and luminescent properties and the emergence of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Marcelle D Perretti
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Tanausú Santos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jimena Scoccia
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
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2
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Lin X, Jia S, Ye H, He P, You L. Neighboring Effects of Sulfur Oxidation State on Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. Org Lett 2024; 26:3640-3645. [PMID: 38635892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The impact of a varied sulfur oxidation state (sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone) on imine dynamic covalent chemistry is presented. The role of noncovalent interactions, including chalcogen bonds and CH hydrogen bonds, on aldehyde/imine structures and imine exchange reactions was elucidated through experimental and computational evidence. The change in the sulfur oxidation state and diamine linkage further allowed the regulation of imine macrocycles, providing a platform for controlling molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Lu H, Ye H, You L. Photoswitchable Cascades for Allosteric and Bidirectional Control over Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38620077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies of complex systems and emerging properties to mimic biosystems are at the forefront of chemical research. Dynamic multistep cascades, especially those exhibiting allosteric regulation, are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile platform of photoswitchable covalent cascades toward remote and bidirectional control of reversible covalent bonds and ensuing assemblies. The relay of a photochromic switch, keto-enol equilibrium, and ring-chain equilibrium allows light-mediated reversible allosteric structural changes. The accompanying distinct reactivity further enables photoswitchable dynamic covalent bonding and release of substrates bidirectionally through alternating two wavelengths of light, essentially realizing light-mediated signaling cycles. The downfall of energy by covalent bond formation/scission upon photochemical reactions offers the driving force for the controlled direction of the cascade. To show the molecular diversity, photoswitchable on-demand assembly/disassembly of covalent polymers, including structurally reconfigurable polymers, was realized. This work achieves photoswitchable allosteric regulation of covalent architectures within dynamic multistep cascades, which has rarely been reported before. The results resemble allosteric control within biological signaling networks and should set the stage for many endeavors, such as dynamic assemblies, molecular motors, responsive polymers, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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4
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You L. Dual reactivity based dynamic covalent chemistry: mechanisms and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12943-12958. [PMID: 37772969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) focuses on the reversible formation, breakage, and exchange of covalent bonds and assemblies, setting a bridge between irreversible organic synthesis and supramolecular chemistry and finding wide utility. In order to enhance structural and functional diversity and complexity, different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are placed in one vessel, encompassing orthogonal DCC without crosstalk and communicating DCC with a shared reactive functional group. As a means of adding tautomers, widespread in chemistry, to interconnected DCRs and combining the features of orthogonal and communicating DCRs, a concept of dual reactivity based DCC and underlying structural and mechanistic insights are summarized. The manipulation of the distinct reactivity of structurally diverse ring-chain tautomers allows selective activation and switching of reaction pathways and corresponding DCRs (C-N, C-O, and C-S) and assemblies. The coupling with photoswitches further enables light-mediated formation and scission of multiple types of reversible covalent bonds. To showcase the capability of dual reactivity based DCC, the versatile applications in dynamic polymers and luminescent materials are presented, paving the way for future functionalization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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5
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Wayment LJ, Wang X, Huang S, McCoy MS, Chen H, Hu Y, Jin Y, Sharma S, Zhang W. 3D Covalent Organic Framework as a Metastable Intermediate in the Formation of a Double-Stranded Helical Covalent Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37406308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of intricate artificial architectures have been pursued for decades. Helical covalent polymer (HCP) was recently reported as an unexpected topology that consists of chiral 1D polymers assembled through weak hydrogen bonds from achiral building blocks. However, many questions remained about the formation, driving force, and the single-handedness observed in each crystal. In this work, we reveal a metastable, racemic, fully covalently cross-linked, 3D covalent organic framework (COF) as an intermediate in the early stage of polymerization, which slowly converts into single-handed HCP double helices through partial fragmentation and self-sorting with the aid of a series of hydrogen bonding. Our work provides an intriguing example where weak noncovalent bonds serve as the determining factor of the overall product structure and facilitate the formation of a sophisticated polymeric architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xubo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew S McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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6
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Bartus É, Tököli A, Mag B, Bajcsi Á, Kecskeméti G, Wéber E, Kele Z, Fenteany G, Martinek TA. Light-Fueled Primitive Replication and Selection in Biomimetic Chemical Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of chemically evolvable replicators is central to abiogenesis. Chemical evolvability requires three essential components: energy-harvesting mechanisms for nonequilibrium dissipation, kinetically asymmetric replication and decomposition pathways, and structure-dependent selective templating in the autocatalytic cycles. We observed a UVA light-fueled chemical system displaying sequence-dependent replication and replicator decomposition. The system was constructed with primitive peptidic foldamer components. The photocatalytic formation-recombination cycle of thiyl radicals was coupled with the molecular recognition steps in the replication cycles. Thiyl radical-mediated chain reaction was responsible for the replicator death mechanism. The competing and kinetically asymmetric replication and decomposition processes led to light intensity-dependent selection far from equilibrium. Here, we show that this system can dynamically adapt to energy influx and seeding. The results highlight that mimicking chemical evolution is feasible with primitive building blocks and simple chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bartus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Tököli
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Mag
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Bajcsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kecskeméti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Fenteany
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A Martinek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Crystallization- and Metal-Driven Selection of Discrete Macrocycles/Cages and Their Metallosupramolecular Polymers from Dynamic Systemic Networks. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible imine- and metal-coordination reactions are dynamic enough to produce complex libraries of macrocycles, cages, and supramolecular polymers in solution, from which amplification effects have been identified in solution or during crystallization in response to ligand- and metal-driven selection modes. Crystallization-driven selection can lead to the amplification of unexpected metallosupramolecular architectures. The addition of Ag+ triggered the change of the optimal components, so that the crystallization process showed different ligand preferences than in solution. The most packed constituents are amplified in the solid state, taking into account the optimal coordination of metal ions together with non-specific non-covalent interactions between the macrocycle packed in dimers or trimers in the solid state.
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8
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Zhang S, Fang N, Ji X, Gu Y, Xu Z, Jin S, Zhao Y. Dispersive 2D Triptycene-Based Crystalline Polymers: Influence of Regioisomerism on Crystallinity and Morphology. JACS AU 2022; 2:1638-1650. [PMID: 35911452 PMCID: PMC9326824 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The merging of good crystallinity and high dispersibility into two-dimensional (2D) layered crystalline polymers (CPs) still represents a challenge because a high crystallinity is often accompanied by intimate interlayer interactions that are detrimental to the material processibility. We herein report a strategy to address this dilemma using rationally designed three-dimensional (3D) monomers and regioisomerism-based morphology control. The as-synthesized CPs possess layered 2D structures, where the assembly of layers is stabilized by relatively weak van der Waals interactions between C-H bonds other than the usual π-π stackings. The morphology and dispersibility of the CPs are finely tuned via regioisomerism. These findings shed light on how to modulate the crystallinity, morphology, and ultimate function of crystalline polymers using the spatial arrangements of linking groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nie Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaonan Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuefei Gu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Qin S, Zou H, Hai Y, You L. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens and tunable multicolor polymer networks modulated by dynamic covalent chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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11
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Shi B, Zhou Y, Li X. Recent advances in DNA-encoded dynamic libraries. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:407-419. [PMID: 35441147 PMCID: PMC8985084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) has emerged as a powerful technology platform in drug discovery and is also gaining momentum in academic research. The rapid development of DNA-/DEL-compatible chemistries has greatly expanded the chemical space accessible to DELs. DEL technology has been widely adopted in the pharmaceutical industry and a number of clinical drug candidates have been identified from DEL selections. Recent innovations have combined DELs with other legacy and emerging techniques. Among them, the DNA-encoded dynamic library (DEDL) introduces DNA encoding into the classic dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) and also integrates the principle of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), making DEDL a novel approach with distinct features from static DELs. In this Review, we provide a summary of the recently developed DEDL methods and their applications. Future developments in DEDLs are expected to extend the application scope of DELs to complex biological systems with unique ligand-discovery capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272067 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Health@InnoHK, Innovation and Technology Commission Units 1503-1511 15/F. Building 17W Hong Kong SAR China
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12
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Triazine 2D Nanosheets as a New Class of Nanomaterials: Crystallinity, Properties and Applications. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the recent (2015–2021) literature data, the authors analyze the mutual dependence of crystallinity/amorphism and specific surface area and porosity in covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), taking into account thermodynamic and kinetic control in the synthesis of these 2D nanosheets. CTFs have now become a promising new class of high-performance porous organic materials. They can be recycled and reused easily, and thus have great potential as sustainable materials. For 2D CTFs, numerous examples are given to support the known rule that the structure and properties of any material with a given composition depend on the conditions of its synthesis. The review may be useful for elder students, postgraduate students, engineers and research fellows dealing with chemical synthesis and modern nanotechnologies based on 2D covalent triazine frameworks.
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13
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Abstract
![]()
Natural products
are the result of Nature’s exploration
of biologically relevant chemical space through evolution and an invaluable
source of bioactive small molecules for chemical biology and medicinal
chemistry. Novel concepts for the discovery of new bioactive compound
classes based on natural product structure may enable exploration
of wider biologically relevant chemical space. The pseudo-natural
product concept merges the relevance of natural product structure
with efficient exploration of chemical space by means of fragment-based
compound development to inspire the discovery of new bioactive chemical
matter through de novo combination of natural product
fragments in unprecedented arrangements. The novel scaffolds retain
the biological relevance of natural products but are not obtainable
through known biosynthetic pathways which can lead to new chemotypes
that may have unexpected or unprecedented bioactivities. Herein, we
cover the workflow of pseudo-natural product design and development,
highlight recent examples, and discuss a cheminformatic analysis in
which a significant portion of biologically active synthetic compounds
were found to be pseudo-natural products. We compare the concept to
natural evolution and discuss pseudo-natural products as the human-made
equivalent, i.e. the chemical evolution of natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grigalunas
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Brakmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Crystal structures of rare earth cyamelurates obtained under kinetic and thermodynamic controls. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Li Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zha D, Hai Y, You L. Dynamic Covalent Reactions Controlled by Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of 2‐Formylbenzoic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
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16
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Jia S, Ye H, You L. Interplay between chalcogen bonds and dynamic covalent bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of chalcogen bonds, one type of emerging non-covalent bonding force, and imine bonds, allow the control of the dynamic covalent chemistry with orbital interactions and the reversal of kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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17
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Jiang G, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Constrained Diphenylethenes: Control over Reactivity and Luminescence in both Solution and Solid State. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethenes (DAEs) are an important class of building blocks in chemistry and materials science, and hence, their modulation and functionalization are of critical significance. Here we demonstrate a general strategy...
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18
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Hai Y, Ye H, Li Z, Zou H, Lu H, You L. Light-Induced Formation/Scission of C-N, C-O, and C-S Bonds Enables Switchable Stability/Degradability in Covalent Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20368-20376. [PMID: 34797658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of covalent bonds could be directed toward degradable, recyclable, and sustainable materials. However, there is an intrinsic conflict between properties of stability and degradability. Here we report light-controlled formation/scission of three types of covalent bonds (C-N, C-O, and C-S) through photoswitching between equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of dynamic covalent systems, achieving dual benefits of photoaddressable stability and cleavability. The photocyclization of dithienylethene fused aldehyde ring-chain tautomers turns on the reactivity, incorporating/releasing amines, alcohols, and thiols reversibly with high efficiency, respectively. Upon photocycloreversion the system is shifted to kinetically locked out-of-equilibrium form, enabling remarkable robustness of covalent assemblies. Reaction coupling allows remote and directional control of a diverse range of equilibria and further broadens the scope. Through locking and unlocking covalent linkages with light when needed, the utility is demonstrated with capture/release of bioactive molecules, modification of surfaces, and creation of polymers exhibiting tailored stability and degradability/recyclability. The versatile toolbox for photoswitchable dynamic covalent reactions to toggle matters on and off should be appealing to many endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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19
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Alabugin IV, Kuhn L, Medvedev MG, Krivoshchapov NV, Vil' VA, Yaremenko IA, Mehaffy P, Yarie M, Terent'ev AO, Zolfigol MA. Stereoelectronic power of oxygen in control of chemical reactivity: the anomeric effect is not alone. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10253-10345. [PMID: 34263287 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon is the central element of organic chemistry, oxygen is the central element of stereoelectronic control in organic chemistry. Generally, a molecule with a C-O bond has both a strong donor (a lone pair) and a strong acceptor (e.g., a σ*C-O orbital), a combination that provides opportunities to influence chemical transformations at both ends of the electron demand spectrum. Oxygen is a stereoelectronic chameleon that adapts to the varying situations in radical, cationic, anionic, and metal-mediated transformations. Arguably, the most historically important stereoelectronic effect is the anomeric effect (AE), i.e., the axial preference of acceptor groups at the anomeric position of sugars. Although AE is generally attributed to hyperconjugative interactions of σ-acceptors with a lone pair at oxygen (negative hyperconjugation), recent literature reports suggested alternative explanations. In this context, it is timely to evaluate the fundamental connections between the AE and a broad variety of O-functional groups. Such connections illustrate the general role of hyperconjugation with oxygen lone pairs in reactivity. Lessons from the AE can be used as the conceptual framework for organizing disjointed observations into a logical body of knowledge. In contrast, neglect of hyperconjugation can be deeply misleading as it removes the stereoelectronic cornerstone on which, as we show in this review, the chemistry of organic oxygen functionalities is largely based. As negative hyperconjugation releases the "underutilized" stereoelectronic power of unshared electrons (the lone pairs) for the stabilization of a developing positive charge, the role of orbital interactions increases when the electronic demand is high and molecules distort from their equilibrium geometries. From this perspective, hyperconjugative anomeric interactions play a unique role in guiding reaction design. In this manuscript, we discuss the reactivity of organic O-functionalities, outline variations in the possible hyperconjugative patterns, and showcase the vast implications of AE for the structure and reactivity. On our journey through a variety of O-containing organic functional groups, from textbook to exotic, we will illustrate how this knowledge can predict chemical reactivity and unlock new useful synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Patricia Mehaffy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
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21
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18783-18791. [PMID: 34085747 PMCID: PMC8457238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines (SN Tz) is presented herein. It combines all the advantages of dynamic covalent chemistry with the versatility of the tetrazine moiety. Indeed, libraries of compounds or sophisticated molecular structures can be easily obtained, which are susceptible to post-functionalization by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction, which also locks the exchange. Additionally, the structures obtained can be disassembled upon the application of the right stimulus, either UV irradiation or a suitable chemical reagent. Moreover, SN Tz is compatible with the imine chemistry of anilines. The high potential of this methodology has been proved by building two responsive supramolecular systems: A macrocycle that displays a light-induced release of acetylcholine; and a truncated [4+6] tetrahedral shape-persistent fluorescent cage, which is disassembled by thiols unless it is post-stabilized by IEDDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL)Departamento de FísicaUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL)38206La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
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22
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Schaufelberger F, Ramström O. Activated Self-Resolution and Error-Correction in Catalytic Reaction Networks*. Chemistry 2021; 27:10335-10340. [PMID: 33780566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of function in complex reaction networks is a primary goal of systems chemistry and origin-of-life studies. Especially challenging is to create systems that simultaneously exhibit several emergent functions that can be independently tuned. In this work, a multifunctional complex reaction network of nucleophilic small molecule catalysts for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction is demonstrated. The dynamic system exhibited triggered self-resolution, preferentially amplifying a specific catalyst/product set out of a many potential alternatives. By utilizing selective reversibility of the products of the reaction set, systemic thermodynamically driven error-correction could also be introduced. To achieve this, a dynamic covalent MBH reaction based on adducts with internal H-transfer capabilities was developed. By careful tuning of the substituents, rate accelerations of retro-MBH reactions of up to four orders of magnitude could be obtained. This study thus demonstrates how efficient self-sorting of catalytic systems can be achieved through an interplay of several complex emergent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden).,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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23
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL) Departamento de Física Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
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24
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Diez‐Castellnou M, Suo R, Marro N, Matthew SAL, Kay ER. Rapidly Adaptive All-covalent Nanoparticle Surface Engineering. Chemistry 2021; 27:9948-9953. [PMID: 33871124 PMCID: PMC8362155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnologies demand the manipulation of nanoscale components with the same predictability and programmability as is taken for granted in molecular synthetic methodologies. Yet installing appropriately reactive chemical functionality on nanomaterial surfaces has previously entailed compromises in terms of reactivity scope, functionalization density, or both. Here, we introduce an idealized dynamic covalent nanoparticle building block for divergent and adaptive post-synthesis modification of colloidal nanomaterials. Acetal-protected monolayer-stabilized gold nanoparticles are prepared via operationally simple protocols and are stable to long-term storage. Tunable surface densities of reactive aldehyde functionalities are revealed on-demand, leading to a wide range of adaptive surface engineering options from one nanoscale synthon. Analytically tractable with molecular precision, interfacial reaction kinetics and dynamic surface constitutions can be probed in situ at the ensemble level. High functionalization densities combined with rapid equilibration kinetics enable environmentally adaptive surface constitutions and rapid nanoparticle property switching in response to simple chemical effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongtian Suo
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Saphia A. L. Matthew
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Euan R. Kay
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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25
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Zou YQ, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Tarzia A, Lu Z, Jelfs KE, Nitschke JR. Sterics and Hydrogen Bonding Control Stereochemistry and Self-Sorting in BINOL-Based Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9009-9015. [PMID: 34124891 PMCID: PMC8227477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate how the hydrogen-bonding ability of a BINOL-based dialdehyde subcomponent dictated the stereochemical outcome of its subsequent self-assembly into one diastereomeric helicate form when bearing free hydroxy groups, and another in the case of its methylated congener. The presence of methyl groups also altered the self-sorting behavior when mixed with another, short linear dialdehyde subcomponent, switching the outcome of the system from narcissistic to integrative self-sorting. In all cases, the axial chirality of the BINOL building block also dictated helicate metal center handedness during stereospecific self-assembly. A new family of stereochemically pure heteroleptic helicates were thus prepared using the new knowledge gained. We also found that switching from FeII to ZnII, or the incorporation of a longer linear ligand, favored heteroleptic structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zifei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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26
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Huang S, Lei Z, Jin Y, Zhang W. By-design molecular architectures via alkyne metathesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9591-9606. [PMID: 34349932 PMCID: PMC8293811 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-persistent purely organic molecular architectures have attracted tremendous research interest in the past few decades. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCvC), which deals with reversible covalent bond formation reactions, has emerged as an efficient synthetic approach for constructing these well-defined molecular architectures. Among various dynamic linkages, the formation of ethynylene linkages through dynamic alkyne metathesis is of particular interest due to their high chemical stability, linearity, and rigidity. In this review, we focus on the synthetic strategies of discrete molecular architectures (e.g., macrocycles, molecular cages) containing ethynylene linkages using alkyne metathesis as the key step, and their applications. We will introduce the history and challenges in the synthesis of those architectures via alkyne metathesis, the development of alkyne metathesis catalysts, the reported novel macrocycle structures, molecular cage structures, and their applications. In the end, we offer an outlook of this field and remaining challenges. The recent synthesis of novel shape-persistent 2D and 3D molecular architectures via alkyne metathesis is reviewed and the critical role of catalysts is also highlighted.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 USA
| | - Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder 80309 USA
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27
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He M, Lehn JM. Metal Cation-Driven Dynamic Covalent Formation of Imine and Hydrazone Ligands Displaying Synergistic Co-catalysis and Auxiliary Amine Effects. Chemistry 2021; 27:7516-7524. [PMID: 33909937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing C=N bond formation and C/N component exchange has major significance in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC). Imine and hydrazone generation from their aldehyde, amine and hydrazine components showed large accelerations in presence of AgOTf or Zn(OTf)2 , up to 104 for the Zn(II)-(p-anisidine)imine complex. Zn(OTf)2 and auxiliary p-anisidine together accelerated 630 times the formation of the Zn(II)-hydrazone complex, revealing a strong synergistic effect, traced to very fast initial formation of the reactive Zn(II)-imine complex presenting a C=N bond metallo-activated towards reaction with the hydrazine component. Reactions involving more entities showed kinetically faster and thermodynamically simpler outputs due to dynamic competition within a mixture of higher complexity. Catalytic amounts of metal salts and auxiliary amine gave similar marked rate accelerations and turnover, indicating true catalysis. The synergistic effect achieved by combining metallo- and organo-catalysis points to a powerful co-catalysis strategy of bond-formation in DCC through interconnected chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia He
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Drożdż W, Walczak A, Stefankiewicz AR. Simultaneous Formation of a Fully Organic Triply Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Org Lett 2021; 23:3641-3645. [PMID: 33904751 PMCID: PMC8289287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here we report the
simultaneous formation of doubly and triply
dynamic libraries as a result of exchange reactions between functionalized
organic building blocks. A combination of three different reversible
covalent linkages involving a boronate ester transesterification along
with an imine and disulfide exchange was employed to generate a new
type of fully organic triply dynamic molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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29
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Markwell-Heys AW, Schneider ML, Madridejos JML, Metha GF, Bloch WM. Self-sorting of porous Cu 4L 2L' 2 metal-organic cages composed of isomerisable ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2915-2918. [PMID: 33616581 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-sorting of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of metal-organic cages composed of a rotationally isomerisable ligand. Convergence of the DCL occurs upon crystallisation and leads to low-symmetry Cu4L2L'2 cages that display differing porosities based on their overall shape and ligand configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew L Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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30
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Sattar F, Feng Z, Zou H, Ye H, Zhang Y, You L. Dynamic covalent bond constrained ureas for multimode fluorescence switching, thermally induced emission, and chemical signaling cascades. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of organic ureas and dynamic covalent chemistry was demonstrated for multistate switching, thermally induced fluorescence, and signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Sattar
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zelin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan
- China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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31
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Schaufelberger F, Seigel K, Ramström O. Hydrogen-Bond Catalysis of Imine Exchange in Dynamic Covalent Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:15581-15588. [PMID: 32427370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of imine bonds has been exploited to great effect in the field of dynamic covalent chemistry, with applications such as preparation of functional systems, dynamic materials, molecular machines, and covalent organic frameworks. However, acid catalysis is commonly needed for efficient equilibration of imine mixtures. Herein, it is demonstrated that hydrogen bond donors such as thioureas and squaramides can catalyze the equilibration of dynamic imine systems under unprecedentedly mild conditions. Catalysis occurs in a range of solvents and in the presence of many sensitive additives, showing moderate to good rate accelerations for both imine metathesis and transimination with amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines. Furthermore, the catalyst proved simple to immobilize, introducing both reusability and extended control of the equilibration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Seigel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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32
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Gambaro S, Talotta C, Della Sala P, Soriente A, De Rosa M, Gaeta C, Neri P. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modulation of Dynamic Imine Libraries Driven by the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14914-14923. [PMID: 32786766 PMCID: PMC8010792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
composition of dynamic covalent imine libraries (DCL) adapts
to the presence of the hexameric resorcinarene capsule. In the presence
of the self-assembled capsule, a kinetic and thermodynamic modulation
of the imine constituents of the DCLs was observed, which was induced
by an unusual predatory action of the capsule on specific imine constituents.
More complex 2 × 2 DCLs also adapt to the presence of the hexameric
capsule, showing a thermodynamic and kinetic modulation of the constituents
induced by the predatory action of the capsule. By cross-referencing
experimental data, a good selectivity (up to 66%) for one constituent
can be induced in a 2 × 2 DCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gambaro
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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33
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Puangsamlee T, Miljanić OŠ. Three-Way Chemoselectivity Switching through Coupled Equilibria. Org Lett 2020; 22:5900-5904. [PMID: 32663404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the chemoselectivity of reactions operating on complex mixtures, including those found in biological and petrochemical feedstocks or in the primordial soup from which life emerged, is generally challenging. The selectivity of imine oxidation can be controlled in dynamic combinatorial libraries, wherein coupled equilibria of imine exchange and the diaza-Cope rearrangement determine whether and when the oxidizable precursor is made available to the oxidant. Adjusting the rate of oxidant addition allows the isolation of three dominant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamon Puangsamlee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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34
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Ayme J, Dhers S, Lehn J. Triple Self-Sorting in Constitutional Dynamic Networks: Parallel Generation of Imine-Based Cu I , Fe II , and Zn II Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12484-12492. [PMID: 32286724 PMCID: PMC7383593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three imine-based metal complexes, having no overlap in terms of their compositions, have been simultaneously generated from the self-sorting of a constitutional dynamic library (CDL) containing three amines, three aldehydes, and three metal salts. The hierarchical ordering of the stability of the three metal complexes assembled and the leveraging of the antagonistic and agonistic relationships existing between the constituents within the constitutional dynamic network corresponding to the CDL were pivotal in achieving the sorting. Examination of the process by NMR spectroscopy showed that the self-sorting of the FeII and ZnII complexes depended on an interplay between the thermodynamic driving forces and a kinetic trap involved in their assembly. These results also exemplify the concept of "simplexity"-the fact that the output of a self-assembling system may be simplified by increasing its initial compositional complexity-as the two complexes could self-sort only in the presence of the third pair of organic components, those of the CuI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Ayme
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Laboratoire de Chimie SupramoléculaireInstitut de Science et d'Ingénierie SupramoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Laboratoire de Chimie SupramoléculaireInstitut de Science et d'Ingénierie SupramoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Jean‐Marie Lehn
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Laboratoire de Chimie SupramoléculaireInstitut de Science et d'Ingénierie SupramoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
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35
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Ayme J, Dhers S, Lehn J. Triple Self‐Sorting in Constitutional Dynamic Networks: Parallel Generation of Imine‐Based Cu
I
, Fe
II
, and Zn
II
Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Ayme
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Marie Lehn
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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36
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Löw H, Mena-Osteritz E, Mullen KM, Jäger CM, von Delius M. Self-Assembly, Adaptive Response, and in,out-Stereoisomerism of Large Orthoformate Cryptands. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1008-1012. [PMID: 32347636 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on triethylene glycol-based orthoformate cryptands, which adapt their bridgehead configurations in response to metal templates and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a complex manner. In contrast to smaller 1.1.1-orthoformate cryptands, the inversion from out,out-2.2.2 to in,in-2.2.2 occurs spontaneously by thermal homeomorphic isomerization, i. e., without bond breakage. The global thermodynamic minimum of the entire network, which includes an unprecedented third isomer (in,out-2.2.2), could only be reached under conditions that facilitate dynamic covalent exchange. Both inversion processes were studied in detail, including DFT calculations and MD simulations, which were particularly helpful for explaining differences between equilibrium compositions in solvents chloroform and acetonitrile. Unexpectedly, the system could be driven to the in,out-2.2.2 state by using a metal template with a size mismatch with respect to the out,out-2.2.2 cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löw
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Mullen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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37
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Jia C, Qi D, Zhang Y, Rissanen K, Li J. Strategies for Exploring Functions from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunman Jia
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Dawei Qi
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Yucang Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jianwei Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
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38
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Mao J, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Adaptive Covalent Networks Enabled by Dual Reactivity: The Evolution of Reversible Covalent Bonds, Their Molecular Assemblies, and Guest Recognition. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5351-5361. [PMID: 32250630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive chemistry allows transformation and selection within molecular networks, and adaptive systems composed of different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate dual reactivity-based covalent networks encompassing the regulation of and switching between C-N- and C-S-based reversible covalent assemblies. The creation and exchange of C-N- or C-S-derived assemblies exhibiting diverse architectures, including linear structures, macrocycles, and cages, were achieved. The shift of reactivity then permitted the interconversion between C-N- and C-S-containing assemblies. Moreover, the adaption of intramolecular and intermolecular scaffolds was feasible via linker design. The latent hemiaminal chirality center offered a pathway for the induction of chirality within assemblies. Finally, switchable structural change and controlled extraction of ions were realized with Hg2+ as a guest for macrocycles. The remarkable complexity of networks described herein could open the door for the utility in sophisticated functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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39
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Feng Z, Jia S, Chen H, You L. Modulation of imine chemistry with intramolecular hydrogen bonding: Effects from ortho-OH to NH. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Chen H, Ye H, Hai Y, Zhang L, You L. n → π* interactions as a versatile tool for controlling dynamic imine chemistry in both organic and aqueous media. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2707-2715. [PMID: 34084329 PMCID: PMC8157614 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The imine bond holds a prominent place in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, and one issue is the stability of imines due to their electrophilic nature. Here we introduced ortho-carboxylate groups into a series of aromatic aldehydes/imines for dictating imine dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) through n → π* interactions, one class of widespread and yet underused non-covalent interactions. The thermodynamically stabilizing role of carboxylate-aldehyde/imine n → π* interactions in acetonitrile was elucidated by the movement of the imine exchange equilibrium and further supported by crystal analysis. Computational studies provided mechanistic insights for n → π* interactions, the strength of which can surpass that of CH hydrogen bonding and is dependent on the orientation of interacting sites based on natural bond orbital analysis. Moreover, the substituent effect and the combination of recognition sites allowed additional means for modulation. Finally, to show the relevance of our findings ortho-carboxylate containing aldehydes were used to regulate imine formation/exchange in water, and modification of the N-terminus of amino acids and peptides was achieved in a neutral buffer. This work represents the latest example of weak interactions governing DCC and sets the stage for assembly and application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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41
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Khan I, Wang J, Zou H, Ye H, Zha D, Zhang Y, You L. Noncovalent and Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Strategies for Driving Thermoresponsive Phase Transition with Multistimuli and Controlled Encapsulation/Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2962-2973. [PMID: 31867942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of multiresponsive thermally sensitive polymers through both supramolecular and reversible covalent strategies as well as their use in controlled encapsulation and release. Novel acylhydrazone-based dynamic covalent polymers displaying lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or upper critical solution temperature (UCST) were synthesized. A remarkable control over thermal phase transition can be tuned through multimodes, such as anions, cations, solvent, pH, and competing components. In particular, anion recognition allowed disassembly and thus led to a significant decrease of UCST in dimethyl sulfoxide, and the combination of anion and solvent effects offered additional handle for control. Moreover, the use of anions, cations, as well as pH change was employed for the modulation of LCST-type polymer in water. Furthermore, switching on/off thermoresponsiveness was readily achieved by dynamic covalent exchange. Mechanistic studies also shed light on stimuli-induced changes in aggregation behaviors. Finally, thermally controlled encapsulation and release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes were realized with great repeatability and reversibility, respectively, showing potential in delivery and sensing. The results and strategies described should provide opportunities for many aspects, including dynamic assemblies, complex systems, and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong 528000 , China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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42
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Ayme JF, Lehn JM. Self-sorting of two imine-based metal complexes: balancing kinetics and thermodynamics in constitutional dynamic networks. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1114-1121. [PMID: 34084368 PMCID: PMC8146771 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hurdle in the development of complex constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) is the lack of strategies to simultaneously control the output of two (or more) interconnected dynamic processes over several species, namely reversible covalent imine bond formation and dynamic metal–ligand coordination. We have studied in detail the self-sorting process of 11 constitutional dynamic libraries containing two different amines, aldehydes and metal salts into two imine-based metal complexes, having no overlap in terms of their compositions. This study allowed us to determine the factors influencing the fidelity of this process (concentration, electronic and steric parameters of the organic components, and nature of the metal cations). In all 11 systems, the outcome of the process was primarily determined by the ability of the octahedral metal ion to select its pair of components from the initial pool of components, with the composition of the weaker tetrahedral complex being imposed by the components rejected by the octahedral metal ions. Different octahedral metal ions required different levels of precision in the “assembling instructions” provided by the organic components of the CDN to guide it towards a sorted output. The concentration of the reaction mixture, and the electronic and steric properties of the initial components of the library were all found to influence the lifetime of unwanted metastable intermediates formed during the assembling of the two complexes. Constitutional dynamic networks have been developed to simultaneously control the output of two interconnected dynamic processes over several species of the same reaction mixture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany.,Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany.,Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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43
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Kathan M, Jurissek C, Kovaříček P, Hecht S. Imine‐based dynamic polymer networks as photoprogrammable amine sensing devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin & IRIS Adlershof Brook‐Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Jurissek
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin & IRIS Adlershof Brook‐Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Petr Kovaříček
- Department of Low‐Dimensional Systems J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Praha 8 Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin & IRIS Adlershof Brook‐Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin Germany
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Technicial and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen Germany
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44
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He M, Lehn JM. Time-Dependent Switching of Constitutional Dynamic Libraries and Networks from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18560-18569. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia He
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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45
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Zou H, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Switches and Communicating Networks for Tunable Multicolor Luminescent Systems and Vapor-Responsive Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16344-16353. [PMID: 31547653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switches are an intensive area of research, and in particular, the control of multistate switching is challenging. Herein we introduce a general and versatile strategy of dynamic covalent switches and communicating networks, wherein distinct states of reversible covalent systems can induce addressable fluorescence switching. The regulation of intramolecular ring/chain equilibrium, intermolecular dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) with amines, and both permitted the activation of optical switches. The variation in electron-withdrawing competition between the fluorophore and 2-formylbenzenesulfonyl unit afforded diverse signaling patterns. The combination of switches in situ further enabled the creation of communicating networks for multistate color switching, including white emission, through the delicate control of DCRs in complex mixtures. Finally, reversible and recyclable multiresponsive luminescent materials were achieved with molecular networks on the solid support, allowing visualization of different types of vapors and quantification of primary amine vapors with high sensitivity and wide detection range. The results reported herein should be appealing for future studies of dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, intelligent materials, and biological labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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46
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Osypenko A, Dhers S, Lehn JM. Pattern Generation and Information Transfer through a Liquid/Liquid Interface in 3D Constitutional Dynamic Networks of Imine Ligands in Response to Metal Cation Effectors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12724-12737. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Osypenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Dhers
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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47
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Das RJ, Mahata K. Mutualistic benefit in the self-sorted co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5282-5286. [PMID: 31232407 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence enhancement for all the members of a self-sorted co-aggregate was observed for the first time by successfully amalgamating AIEE and social self-sorting. Intermolecular H-bonding and π-π stacking were utilised to prepare several co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo (PNI) and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative dye, NH2-NMI. In the heteromeric aggregates, photoluminescence intensities were increased by 28% for the imide and more than 400% for PNI. Due to spectral overlap between the emission of the imide and the absorption of PNI, energy transfer took place from the former to the latter. The heteromeric aggregates are dual emissive and the relative intensities of the emissions can easily be tuned by varying the stoichiometry of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Kingsuk Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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48
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Zheng H, Ni C, Chen H, Zha D, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Regulation of Axial Chirality through Dynamic Covalent Bond Constrained Biaryls. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10273-10278. [PMID: 31460119 PMCID: PMC6648723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A strategy of dynamic covalent chemistry within constrained biaryls was developed for the modulation of axial chirality. The ring fusion partners of amide and aldehyde allowed the manipulation of ring/chain equilibrium and chirality transfer within cyclic diastereomeric hemiaminal. Dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) with alcohols, thiols, and secondary amines further enabled the reversal of chirality relay and thereby regulation of axial chirality. Moreover, a combination of NMR, X-ray, and density functional theory results shed light on the structural basis of chirality transfer, exhibiting modest to excellent diastereoselectivity under thermodynamic control. The critical role of the amide unit in the modulation of axial chirality was also corroborated. Finally, the chiroptical signal was controlled through changing solvents, DCRs, and stimuli-responsive switching of DCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian
Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Cailing Ni
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Hai
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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49
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Acharyya K, Mukherjee PS. Organic Imine Cages: Molecular Marriage and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Acharyya
- Department of Inorganic & Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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50
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Zheng H, Ye H, Yu X, You L. Interplay between n→π* Interactions and Dynamic Covalent Bonds: Quantification and Modulation by Solvent Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8825-8833. [PMID: 31075197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Orbital donor-acceptor interactions play critical roles throughout chemistry, and hence, their regulation and functionalization are of great significance. Herein we demonstrate for the first time the investigation of n→π* interactions through the strategy of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC), and we further showcase its use in the stabilization of imine. The n→π* interaction between donor X and acceptor aldehyde/imine within 2-X-2'-formylbiphenyl derivatives was found to significantly influence the thermodynamics of imine exchange. The orbital interaction was then quantified through imine exchange, the equilibrium of which was successfully correlated with the difference in natural bond orbital stabilization energy of n→π* interactions of aldehyde and its imine. Moreover, the examination of solvent effects provided insights into the distinct feature of the modulation of n→π* interaction with aprotic and protic solvents. The n→π* interaction involving imine was enhanced in protic solvents due to hydrogen bonding with the solvent. This finding further enabled the stabilization of imine in purely aqueous solution. The strategies and results reported should find application in many fields, including molecular recognition, biological labeling, and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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