1
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Shibutani Y, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Trapping of a Cyclic Diborylcarbene, an Electrophilic Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37354094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A carbene bearing two geminal boryl substituents, called diborylcarbene (DBC), has been predicted to be highly Lewis acidic in sharp contrast to the well-studied persistent carbenes stabilized by π-donating substituents. Studies on DBC have been limited to either the base-trapping or theoretical calculations. Herein, we developed chemical equivalents for DBC, namely, K/X-diborylcarbenoids 2X (X = F or Cl). Treatment of 2F with Al(C6F5)3 yielded [AlF(C6F5)3]--stabilized DBC 1-FAl, which showed a significant low-field shift of the carbenoid carbon from 169 ppm (doublet, coupling with 19F) to 242 ppm (singlet). The loss of halogen was also detected through electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of 2X only in the presence of Al(C6F5)3. Generated DBC 1 from 1-FAl or 2Cl was successfully trapped with excess amounts of trialkylphosphines (PR3, R = Me or Et), which afforded the corresponding DBC-PR3 adducts. In addition, the Lewis acidity of DBC 1 was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically to reveal that 1 is one of the most Lewis acidic species among neutral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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3
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s-Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure-activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl-substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at -10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF-solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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4
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Fustier-Boutignon M, Nebra N, Mézailles N. Geminal Dianions Stabilized by Main Group Elements. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8555-8700. [PMID: 31194516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the chemistry of stable and isolable species that bear two lone pairs at the same C center, i.e., geminal dianions, stabilized by main group elements. Three cases can thus be considered: the geminal-dilithio derivative, for which the two substituents at C are neutral, the yldiide derivatives, for which one substituent is neutral while the other is charged, and finally the geminal bisylides, for which the two substituents are positively charged. In this review, the syntheses and electronic structures of the geminal dianions are presented, followed by the studies dedicated to their reactivity toward organic substrates and finally to their coordination chemistry and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Noel Nebra
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
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5
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Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Cooperative bond activation reactions with carbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6540-6553. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in the application of carbene complexes in bond activation reactions via metal–ligand cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Inorganic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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6
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Chlorine and Bromine Carbenoids: Their Thermal Stability and Structural Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12372-12379. [PMID: 28597985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of a series of M/X carbenoids of the type [Ph2 P(S)]2 CMX with M=Li, Na, and K and X=Cl and Br are reported, amongst the first isolated Na/Br and K/Br carbenoids. NMR spectroscopic as well as crystallographic studies showed distinct differences between the lithium carbenoids and their heavier congeners. In the solid state, all carbenoids showed no direct metal-carbon interaction, but an interaction between the metal and the halogen atom. This contact is only very weak in the case of the Li/Br carbenoid, but much more pronounced in the corresponding potassium and sodium compounds. Nevertheless, these interactions did not significantly influence the stability of the carbenoids by weakening the C-X bond and facilitating the MX elimination. As such all compounds were found to be stable up to approximately 60 °C in solution. Hence, M-X interactions-albeit being an essential feature for the structure formation of carbenoids-are not the only criterion determining the stability of such compounds. In the present systems, the stabilization by the thiophosphinoyl moieties is more important than the metal/halogen combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Synthesis, structure and thermal stability of a crown ether complexed K/Cl carbenoid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Taming Metal/Fluorine Carbenoids. Chemistry 2017; 23:2527-2531. [PMID: 27906492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Li/Cl carbenoids are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, the controlled handling of the extremely reactive and labile M/F carbenoids remains a challenge. We now show that even these compounds can be stabilized and isolated in solid state, as well as in solution. Particularly the sodium and potassium compounds exhibit a remarkable stability, thus allowing the first isolation of a room-temperature-stable fluorine carbenoid. Spectroscopic, as well as DFT studies confirmed the pronounced carbenoid character, showing M-F-C interactions with elongated C-F bonds. The different stabilities of the carbenoids was found to originate from the different strength of the M-F interaction. Hence, the lithium compounds are considerably more reactive than their heavier congeners. Reactivity studies showed that the nature of the metal also influences the reactivity, resulting in different selectivity in the addition to thioketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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9
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Gessner VH. Stability and reactivity control of carbenoids: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12011-12023. [PMID: 27498609 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbenoids such as lithium or Simmons-Smith-type reagents are widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in cyclopropanation and homologation reactions. These reagents are often highly reactive and thermally labile, thus limiting their isolation and hampering the development of new synthetic applications. Recent years however, have shown that by means of systematic stabilization a control of reactivity and the development of new applications is possible. This feature article documents recent developments in the control of carbenoid reactivity and stability and highlights structural and electronic properties as well as applications in main group element and transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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10
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Leung W, Chan Y, Choi T, Lee H. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Mono‐ and Bimetallic Rhodium(I), Iridium(I) and Gold(I) Methanide and Methandiide Complexes from 2‐Quinolyl‐Linked (Thiophosphoranyl)methane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Por Leung
- School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuk‐Chi Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637731 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Tsz‐Hei Choi
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hung‐Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
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11
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7712-6. [PMID: 27100278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the increased polarity of the metal-carbon bond when going down the group of the periodic table, the heavier alkali metal organyl compounds are generally more reactive and less stable than their lithium congeners. We now report a reverse trend for alkali metal carbenoids. Simple substitution of lithium by the heavier metals (Na, K) results in a significant stabilization of these usually highly reactive compounds. This allows their isolation and handling at room temperature and the first structure elucidation of sodium and potassium carbenoids. The control of stability was used to control reactivity and selectivity. Hence, the Na and K carbenoids act as selective carbene-transfer reagents, whereas the more labile lithium systems give rise to product mixtures. Additional fine tuning of the M-C interaction by means of crown ether addition further allows for control of the stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Ochiai T, Franz D, Wu XN, Irran E, Inoue S. A Tin Analogue of Carbenoid: Isolation and Reactivity of a Lithium Bis(imidazolin-2-imino)stannylenoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6983-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry; Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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13
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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14
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Ochiai T, Franz D, Wu XN, Irran E, Inoue S. A Tin Analogue of Carbenoid: Isolation and Reactivity of a Lithium Bis(imidazolin-2-imino)stannylenoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry; Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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15
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Weismann J, Waterman R, Gessner VH. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity in a Methandiide-Derived Iridium Carbene Complex. Chemistry 2016; 22:3846-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weismann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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16
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Molitor S, Schwarz C, Gessner VH. Mono- and Bis-Cyclometalated Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Feichtner KS, Englert S, Gessner VH. Preparation and Isolation of a Chiral Methandiide and Its Application as Cooperative Ligand in Bond Activation. Chemistry 2015; 22:506-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Weismann J, Gessner VH. Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with a Methandiide‐Based Carbene Complex: An Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2015; 21:16103-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weismann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, (Germany) http://www‐anorganik.chemie.uni‐wuerzburg.de/forschungsgruppen/dr_v_gessner/
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, (Germany) http://www‐anorganik.chemie.uni‐wuerzburg.de/forschungsgruppen/dr_v_gessner/
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19
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Ludwig G, Ströhl D, Schmidt H, Steinborn D. [Li2{CH2S(O)Ph}2(TMEDA)2] – An α-sulfinyl-functionalized methyllithium carbenoid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Gessner VH, Becker J, Feichtner KS. Carbene Complexes Based on Dilithium Methandiides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Guo JY, Chan YC, Li Y, Ganguly R, So CW. Oxo-Bridged Bis(group 4 metal unsymmetric phosphonium-stabilized carbene) Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5012962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Guo
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuk-Chi Chan
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
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22
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Ho SYF, So CW, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N. Formation of a zwitterionic boronium species from the reaction of a stable carbenoid with borane: CO2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:2107-10. [PMID: 25536124 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of Li2C(PPh2NMes)2 (1, Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) with hexachloroethane yielded the corresponding carbenoid 2 in good yields. The reactivity of 2 was studied with BH3·SMe2 to give a zwitterionic boronium species 4, also a stable carbenoid. Both carbenoid species were found to be excellent catalysts for the CO2 reduction by BH3·SMe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Y-F Ho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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23
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Molitor S, Becker J, Gessner VH. Selective dehydrocoupling of phosphines by lithium chloride carbenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15517-20. [PMID: 25322474 DOI: 10.1021/ja509381w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple, transition-metal-free approach for the formation of phosphorus-phosphorus bonds through dehydrocoupling of phosphines is presented. The reaction is mediated by electronically stabilized lithium chloride carbenoids and affords a variety of different diphosphines under mild reaction conditions. The developed protocol is simple and highly efficient and allows the isolation of novel functionalized diphosphines in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Waerder B, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Vishnevskiy YV, Hoge B, Mitzel NW. Solid-State Structure of a Li/F Carbenoid: Pentafluoroethyllithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11640-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Waerder B, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Vishnevskiy YV, Hoge B, Mitzel NW. Festkörperstruktur eines Li/F-Carbenoids: Pentafluorethyllithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Becker J, Modl T, Gessner VH. Methandiide as a Non-Innocent Ligand in Carbene Complexes: From the Electronic Structure to Bond Activation Reactions and Cooperative Catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 20:11295-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Kupper C, Gessner VH. Substitution effects on the formation of T-shaped palladium carbene and thioketone complexes from Li/Cl carbenoids. Chemistry 2014; 20:10752-62. [PMID: 24664573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of palladium thioketone and T-shaped carbene complexes by treatment of thiophosphoryl substituted Li/Cl carbenoids with a Pd(0) precursor is reported. Depending on the steric demand, the anion-stabilizing ability of the silyl moiety (by negative hyperconjugation effects) and the remaining negative charge at the carbenic carbon atom, isolation of a three-coordinate, T-shaped palladium carbene complex is possible. In contrast, insufficient charge stabilization results in the transfer of the sulfur of the thiophosphoryl moiety and thus in the formation of a thioketone complex. While the thioketones are stable compounds the carbene complexes are revealed to be highly reactive and decompose under elimination of Pd metal. Computational studies revealed that both complexes are formed by a substitution mechanism. While the ketone turned out to be the thermodynamically favored product, the carbene is kinetically favored and thus preferentially formed at low reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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28
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Gessner VH. Diphen-yl[(phenyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]-λ(5)-phosphane-thione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o374. [PMID: 24765055 PMCID: PMC3998441 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814004292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C19H17PS2, results from the direct deprotonation of diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide and subsequent reaction with diphenyl disulfide. The C—P and C—S bond lengths of 1.8242 (18) and 1.8009 (18) Å, respectively, of the central P—C—S linkage are comparable to those found in the sulfonyl analogue, but are considerably longer than those reported for the dimetallated sulfonyl compound. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the diphenylmethyl moiety is 69.46 (7)°. No distinct intermolecular interactions are present in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universitaet Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Becker J, Gessner VH. Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Carbene Complexes Based on a Sulfonyl-Substituted Dilithio Methandiide. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Becker
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Synthesis and stability of Li/Cl carbenoids based on bis(iminophosphoryl)methanes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14399-408. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(iminophosphoryl) substituted Li/Cl carbenoids – accessable via different preparation methods – show high thermal stabilities, which however depend on the N-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Kupper C, Molitor S, Gessner VH. Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Room-Temperature-Stable Lithium Chloride Carbenoids. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4010862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kupper
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Molitor
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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