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Shen Y, de Hoogh K, Schmitz O, Clinton N, Tuxen-Bettman K, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Geels C, Karssenberg D, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Monthly average air pollution models using geographically weighted regression in Europe from 2000 to 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170550. [PMID: 38320693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Detailed spatial models of monthly air pollution levels at a very fine spatial resolution (25 m) can help facilitate studies to explore critical time-windows of exposure at intermediate term. Seasonal changes in air pollution may affect both levels and spatial patterns of air pollution across Europe. We built Europe-wide land-use regression (LUR) models to estimate monthly concentrations of regulated air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5) between 2000 and 2019. Monthly average concentrations were collected from routine monitoring stations. Including both monthly-fixed and -varying spatial variables, we used supervised linear regression (SLR) to select predictors and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to estimate spatially-varying regression coefficients for each month. Model performance was assessed with 5-fold cross-validation (CV). We also compared the performance of the monthly LUR models with monthly adjusted concentrations. Results revealed significant monthly variations in both estimates and model structure, particularly for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The 5-fold CV showed generally good performance of the monthly GWR models across months and years (5-fold CV R2: 0.31-0.66 for NO2, 0.4-0.79 for O3, 0.4-0.78 for PM10, 0.46-0.87 for PM2.5). Monthly GWR models slightly outperformed monthly-adjusted models. Correlations between monthly GWR model were generally moderate to high (Pearson correlation >0.6). In conclusion, we are the first to develop robust monthly LUR models for air pollution in Europe. These monthly LUR models, at a 25 m spatial resolution, enhance epidemiologists to better characterize Europe-wide intermediate-term health effects related to air pollution, facilitating investigations into critical exposure time windows in birth cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Shen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick Clinton
- Google, Inc, Mountain View, California, United States
| | | | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Zhang L, Wang P, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Li J, Xiao X, Yin C, Li J, Meng X, Zhang Y. Associations of ozone exposure with gestational diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis: Evidence from a birth cohort in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159184. [PMID: 36202368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between individual exposure to ozone (O3) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have rarely been investigated, and critical windows of O3 exposure for GDM have not been identified. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the associations of gestational O3 exposure with GDM and glucose homeostasis as well as to identify the potential critical windows. METHODS A total of 7834 pregnant women were included. Individual O3 exposure concentrations were evaluated using a high temporal-spatial resolution model. Each participant underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to screen for GDM between 24 and 28 gestational weeks. Multiple logistic and multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of O3 with GDM risks and with blood glucose levels of OGTT, respectively. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were used to estimate the critical windows of O3 exposure for GDM. RESULTS Nearly 13.29 % of participants developed GDM. After controlling for covariates, we observed increased GDM risks per IQR increment of O3 exposure in the first trimester (OR = 1.738, 95 % CI: 1.002-3.016) and the first two trimesters (OR = 1.576, 95 % CI: 1.005-2.473). Gestational O3 exposure was positively associated with increased fasting blood glucose (the first trimester: β = 2.964, 95 % CI: 1.529-4.398; the first two trimesters: β = 1.620, 95 % CI: 0.436-2.804) and 2 h blood glucose (the first trimester: β = 6.569, 95 % CI: 1.775-11.363; the first two trimesters: β = 6.839, 95 % CI: 2.896-10.782). We also observed a concentration-response relationship of gestational O3 exposure with GDM risk, as well as fasting and 2 h blood glucose levels. Additionally, 5-10 gestational weeks was identified as a critical window of O3 exposure for GDM development. CONCLUSION In summary, we found that gestational O3 exposure disrupts glucose homeostasis and increases the risk of GDM in pregnant women. Furthermore, 5-10 gestational weeks could be a critical window for the effects of O3 exposure on GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yukai Cheng
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chuanmin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yi L, Xu Y, Eckel SP, O'Connor S, Cabison J, Rosales M, Chu D, Chavez TA, Johnson M, Mason TB, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Dunton GF, Wilson JP, Habre R. Time-activity and daily mobility patterns during pregnancy and early postpartum - evidence from the MADRES cohort. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2022; 41:100502. [PMID: 35691658 PMCID: PMC9198358 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnant women's daily time-activity and mobility patterns determine their environmental exposures and subsequently related health effects. Most studies ignore these and assess pregnancy exposures using static residential measures. METHODS We conducted 4-day continuous geo-location monitoring in 62 pregnant Hispanic women, during pregnancy and early post-partum then derived trips by mode and stays, classified by context (indoor/outdoor, type). Generalized mixed-effect models were used to examine whether these patterns changed over time. RESULTS Women spent on average 17.3 h/day at home. Commercial and service locations were the most popular non-home destinations, while parks and open spaces were seldom visited. Women made 3.5 daily trips (63.7 min/day and approximately 25% were pedestrian-based). Women were less likely to visit commercial and services locations and make vehicle-based trips postpartum compared to the 3rd trimester. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest time-activity patterns vary across pregnancy and postpartum, thus assessing exposures at stationary locations might introduce measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States; Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Computer Science and Sociology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States.
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Lamichhane DK, Jung DY, Shin YJ, Lee KS, Lee SY, Ahn K, Kim KW, Shin YH, Suh DI, Hong SJ, Kim HC. Association of ambient air pollution with depressive and anxiety symptoms in pregnant women: A prospective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113823. [PMID: 34364017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in the general population. However, this relationship among pregnant women remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pregnancy air pollution exposure and maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the third trimester assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scales, respectively. METHODS We analyzed 1481 pregnant women from a cohort study in Seoul. Maternal exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10), as well as to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) for each trimester and the entire pregnancy was assessed at participant's residential address by land use regression models. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI) of the depressive and anxiety symptoms associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS In single-pollutant models, an IQR increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 during the second trimester was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (PM2.5 RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27; PM10 RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23; NO2 RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.29) after adjusting for relevant covariates. Similarly, an IQR increase in O3 during the third trimester was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18), while the IQR increase in O3 during the first trimester was associated with a decreased risk (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96). Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 during the second trimester was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. The associations with PM2.5 and O3 in single-and multi-pollutant models were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that increased levels of particulate matter, NO2, and O3 during pregnancy may elevate the risk of depression or anxiety in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Young Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee-Jin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hanshin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Richtwerte für Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) in der Innenraumluft. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:664-676. [PMID: 30805672 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Franklin P, Tan M, Hemy N, Hall GL. Maternal Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1364. [PMID: 30995726 PMCID: PMC6518425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of research on the association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. However, people in high income countries spend most of their time indoors. Pregnant women spend much of that time at home. The aim of this study was to investigate if indoor air pollutants were associated with poor birth outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited prior to 18 weeks gestation. They completed a housing questionnaire and household chemical use survey. Indoor pollutants, formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were monitored in the women's homes at 34 weeks gestation. Gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and length (BL) and head circumference (HC) were collected from birth records. The associations between measured pollutants, and pollution surrogates, were analysed using general linear models, controlling for maternal age, parity, maternal health, and season of birth. Only HCHO was associated with any of the birth outcomes. There was a 0.044 decrease in BW z-score (p = 0.033) and 0.05 decrease in HC z-score (p = 0.06) for each unit increase in HCHO. Although HCHO concentrations were very low, this finding is consistent with other studies of formaldehyde and poor birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Franklin
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mark Tan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Naomi Hemy
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Graham L Hall
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
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Tsui HC, Chen CH, Wu YH, Chiang HC, Chen BY, Guo YL. Lifetime exposure to particulate air pollutants is negatively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:953-961. [PMID: 29153727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function is known to be affected by acute and subacute exposure to ambient air pollution. However, the impacts of lifetime exposure to air pollution on the pulmonary function of children have been inconsistent. The present study investigated the impact of lifetime residential exposure to intermediate levels of air pollution on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren. METHODS In 2011, a survey of children aged 6-15 years was conducted in 44 schools in Taiwan. Atopic history, residential history, and environmental factors were recorded. Spirograms were obtained from a random sample of children without asthma. A total of 535 girls and 481 boys without a history of asthma were enrolled. Lifetime residential exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), was estimated using the kriging method, based on monitored data from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between lifetime air pollution exposure and pulmonary function, after adjustment for potential confounders and recent exposure. RESULTS After adjustment for 7-day average air pollutant levels, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was related to reductions in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (-2.00%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.09% to -0.90%), forced vital capacity (-1.86%; CI: -2.96% to -0.75%), and maximal midexpiratory flow (-2.28%; CI: -4.04% to -0.51%). These associations were independent of the other pollutants. CONCLUSION Lifetime exposure to 25-85 μg/m3 of PM10 has negative impacts on the pulmonary function of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Tsui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Breton CV, Mack WJ, Yao J, Berhane K, Amadeus M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, McConnell R, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Early Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Young Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150825. [PMID: 26950592 PMCID: PMC4780745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollutants increases risk for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in adults. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of prenatal air pollutant exposure to cardiovascular health, which has not been thoroughly evaluated. The Testing Responses on Youth (TROY) study consists of 768 college students recruited from the University of Southern California in 2007–2009. Participants attended one study visit during which blood pressure, heart rate and carotid artery arterial stiffness (CAS) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed. Prenatal residential addresses were geocoded and used to assign prenatal and postnatal air pollutant exposure estimates using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System (AQS) database. The associations between CAS, CIMT and air pollutants were assessed using linear regression analysis. Prenatal PM10 and PM2.5 exposures were associated with increased CAS. For example, a 2 SD increase in prenatal PM2.5 was associated with CAS indices, including a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10) in carotid stiffness index beta, a 5% increase (β = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10) in Young’s elastic modulus and a 5% decrease (β = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99) in distensibility. Mutually adjusted models of pre- and postnatal PM2.5 further suggested the prenatal exposure was most relevant exposure period for CAS. No associations were observed for CIMT. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to elevated air pollutants may increase carotid arterial stiffness in a young adult population of college students. Efforts aimed at limiting prenatal exposures are important public health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Wendy J Mack
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.,University of Southern California, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 132, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Jin Yao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Kiros Berhane
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Milena Amadeus
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., 1455 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite D, Petaluma, California, 94954-6503, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Rob McConnell
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
| | - Howard N Hodis
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America.,University of Southern California, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 132, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1 CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ed Avol
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St., Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States of America
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Hu H, Ha S, Henderson BH, Warner TD, Roth J, Kan H, Xu X. Association of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Ozone with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:853-9. [PMID: 25794412 PMCID: PMC4559952 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, evidence of the association is very limited, and no study has estimated the effects of ozone. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the association of prenatal exposures to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) with GDM. METHODS We used Florida birth vital statistics records to investigate the association between the risk of GDM and two air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) among 410,267 women who gave birth in Florida between 2004 and 2005. Individual air pollution exposure was assessed at the woman's home address at time of delivery using the hierarchical Bayesian space-time statistical model. We further estimated associations between air pollution exposures during different trimesters and GDM. RESULTS After controlling for nine covariates, we observed increased odds of GDM with per 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (ORTrimester1 = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.21; ORTrimester2 = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.20; ORPregnancy = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26) and per 5-ppb increase in O3 (ORTrimester1 = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11; ORTrimester2 = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.14; ORPregnancy = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.21) during both the first trimester and second trimester as well as the full pregnancy in single-pollutant models. Compared with the single-pollutant model, the ORs for O3 were almost identical in the co-pollutant model. However, the ORs for PM2.5 during the first trimester and the full pregnancy were attenuated, and no association was observed for PM2.5 during the second trimester in the co-pollutant model (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07). CONCLUSION This population-based study suggests that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of GDM in Florida, USA. CITATION Hu H, Ha S, Henderson BH, Warner TD, Roth J, Kan H, Xu X. 2015. Association of atmospheric particulate matter and ozone with gestational diabetes mellitus. Environ Health Perspect 123:853-859; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408456.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine
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Benor S, Alcalay Y, Domany KA, Gut G, Soferman R, Kivity S, Fireman E. Ultrafine particle content in exhaled breath condensate in airways of asthmatic children. J Breath Res 2015; 9:026001. [PMID: 25830607 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution triggers and exacerbates airway inflammation. Particulate material (PM) in ambient is characterized as being coarse (PM 10, aerodynamic diameter range 2.5-10 µm), fine (PM 2.5, 2.5-0.1 µm) and ultrafine (UFP, nano-sized, <0.1 µm). It is known that smaller inhaled PM produced more inflammation than larger ones. Most data on human exposure to PM are based on environmental monitoring. We evaluated the effect of individual exposure to UFP on functional respiratory parameters and airway inflammation in 52 children aged 6-18 years referred to the Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Laboratory due to respiratory symptoms. Spirometry, bronchial provocation challenge, induced sputum (IS), exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and franctional exhaled nitric oxide evaluations were performed by conventional methods. UFP content in EBC was analyzed by using a NanoSight Light Microscope LM20. The total EBC UFP content correlated with wheezing (r = 0.28, p = 0.04), breath symptom score (r = 0.3, p = 0.03), and sputum eosinophilia (R = 0.64, p = 0.005). The percent of EBC particles in the nano-sized range also correlated with wheezing (r = 0.36, p = 0.007), breath symptom score (r = 0.33, p ≤ 0.02), and sputum eosinophilia (r = 0.72, p = 0.001). Respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation positively correlated to UFP content in EBC of symptomatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Benor
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
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Hwang BF, Chen YH, Lin YT, Wu XT, Leo Lee Y. Relationship between exposure to fine particulates and ozone and reduced lung function in children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:382-90. [PMID: 25614339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have reported an association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and lung function growth among children, with inconclusive results. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between air pollutant exposure and lung function growth, and to examine potential sex differences in the susceptibility of lung function growth to air pollution. METHODS We conducted a two-year prospective cohort study of Taiwanese children aged 12 at baseline who were followed from October 1, 2007 to November 31, 2009. The study population comprised 2941 non-smoking children who completed pulmonary function tests at both baseline and follow-up surveys. We applied spatial modeling for individual-level exposure assessment to capture relevant exposures and also attempted to eliminate potential community-level confounding. The exposure parameters were annual averages and values calculated from 24-hourly PM2.5 and 8-hourly ozone (O3) concentrations, corresponding to the residential addresses over the study period. The effect estimates were presented as lung function growth deficits per interquartile range (IQR) for PM2.5 and O3. RESULTS In a multiple linear mixed effect model, adjusted for confounding, growth deficits in the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiration volume in 1s (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between the 25th and 75th percentiles of the FVC were associated with increased exposure to PM2.5 and O3. For example, greater exposure to PM2.5 (IQR, 17.92μg/m(3)) was associated with an annual deficit in FVC growth of 75mL in boys and 61mL in girls (p for interaction <0.05). Similar associations were found for O3. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3 may have a detrimental effect on the development of lung function in children. The estimated deficits were generally larger in boys, compared to girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Tang Wu
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17 Xu-Zhou Road, 516R, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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