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Ino K, Wachi M, Utagawa Y, Konno A, Takinoue M, Abe H, Shiku H. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for determining oxygen consumption rates of cells in hydrogel fibers fabricated using an extrusion 3D bioprinter. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342539. [PMID: 38637037 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-cultured cells have attracted the attention of researchers in tissue engineering- and drug screening-related fields. Among them, 3D cellular fibers have attracted significant attention because they can be stacked to prepare more complex tissues and organs. Cellular fibers are widely fabricated using extrusion 3D bioprinters. For these applications, it is necessary to evaluate cellular activities, such as the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which is one of the major metabolic activities. We previously reported the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to evaluate the OCRs of cell spheroids. However, the SECM approach has not yet been applied to hydrogel fibers prepared using the bioprinters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the OCR of cellular fibers printed by extrusion 3D bioprinters. First, the diffusion theory was discussed to address this issue. Next, diffusion models were simulated to compare realistic models with this theory. Finally, the OCRs of MCF-7 cells in the printed hydrogel fibers were evaluated as a proof of concept. Our proposed approach could potentially be used to evaluate the OCRs of tissue-engineered fibers for organ transplantation and drug screening using in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Mana Wachi
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - An Konno
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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Poderyte M, Ramanavicius A, Valiūnienė A. Exploring the Living Cell: Applications and Advances of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38557222 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2328135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A living cell is a complex network of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes. Cellular activities, such as ion transport, metabolic processes, and cell-cell interactions can be determined electrochemically by detecting the electrons or ions exchanged in these processes. Electrochemical methods often are noninvasive, and they can enable the real-time monitoring of cellular processes. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an advanced scanning probe electroanalysis technique that can map the surface topography and local reactivity of a substrate with high precision at the micro- or nanoscale. By measuring electrochemical signals, such as redox reactions, ion fluxes, and pH changes, SECM can provide valuable insights into cellular activity. As a result of its compatibility with liquid medium measurements and its nondestructive nature, SECM has gained popularity in living cell research. This review aims to furnish an overview of SECM, elucidating its principles, applications, and its potential to contribute significantly to advancements in cell biology, electroporation, and biosensors. As a multidisciplinary tool, SECM is distinguished by its ability to unravel the intricacies of living cells and offers promising avenues for breakthroughs in our understanding of cellular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Poderyte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Centre of Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Valiūnienė
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Cremin K, Meloni GN, Valavanis D, Soyer OS, Unwin PR. Can Single Cell Respiration be Measured by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)? ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:361-370. [PMID: 37868362 PMCID: PMC10588932 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultramicroelectrode (UME), or, equivalently, microelectrode, probes are increasingly used for single-cell measurements of cellular properties and processes, including physiological activity, such as metabolic fluxes and respiration rates. Major challenges for the sensitivity of such measurements include: (i) the relative magnitude of cellular and UME fluxes (manifested in the current); and (ii) issues around the stability of the UME response over time. To explore the extent to which these factors impact the precision of electrochemical cellular measurements, we undertake a systematic analysis of measurement conditions and experimental parameters for determining single cell respiration rates via the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in single HeLa cells. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with a platinum UME as the probe, we employ a self-referencing measurement protocol, rarely employed in SECM, whereby the UME is repeatedly approached from bulk solution to a cell, and a short pulse to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) potential is performed near the cell and in bulk solution. This approach enables the periodic tracking of the bulk UME response to which the near-cell response is repeatedly compared (referenced) and also ensures that the ORR near the cell is performed only briefly, minimizing the effect of the electrochemical process on the cell. SECM experiments are combined with a finite element method (FEM) modeling framework to simulate oxygen diffusion and the UME response. Taking a realistic range of single cell OCR to be 1 × 10-18 to 1 × 10-16 mol s-1, results from the combination of FEM simulations and self-referencing SECM measurements show that these OCR values are at, or below, the present detection sensitivity of the technique. We provide a set of model-based suggestions for improving these measurements in the future but highlight that extraordinary improvements in the stability and precision of SECM measurements will be required if single cell OCR measurements are to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Cremin
- Bio-Electrical
Engineering Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), School of Life Sciences, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel N. Meloni
- Bio-Electrical
Engineering Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), School of Life Sciences, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Valavanis
- Bio-Electrical
Engineering Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), School of Life Sciences, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Orkun S. Soyer
- Bio-Electrical
Engineering Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), School of Life Sciences, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Bio-Electrical
Engineering Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral Training (MAS CDT), School of Life Sciences, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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4
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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5
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Li Y, Ye Z, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Song J, Xu F, Li F. In Situ and Quantitative Monitoring of Cardiac Tissues Using Programmable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10515-10523. [PMID: 35822575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cardiac tissue model holds great potential as a powerful platform for drug screening. Respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 levels are the three key parameters for determining the physiological functions of cardiac tissues, which are technically challenging to be monitored in an in situ and quantitative manner. Herein, we constructed an in vitro cardiac tissue model on polyacrylamide gels and applied a pulsatile electrical field to promote the maturation of the cardiac tissue. Then, we built a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) platform with programmable pulse potentials to in situ characterize the dynamic changes in the respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 level of cardiac tissues under both normal physiological and drug (isoproterenol and propranolol) treatment conditions using oxygen, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), and H2O2 as the corresponding redox mediators. The SECM results showed that isoproterenol treatment induced enhanced oxygen consumption, accelerated contractile frequency, and increased released H2O2 level, while propranolol treatment induced dynamically decreased oxygen consumption and contractile frequency and no obvious change in H2O2 levels, suggesting the effects of activation and inhibition of β-adrenoceptor on the metabolic and electrophysiological activities of cardiac tissues. Our work realizes the in situ and quantitative monitoring of respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and secreted H2O2 level of living cardiac tissues using SECM for the first time. The programmable SECM methodology can also be used to real-time and quantitatively monitor electrochemical and electrophysiological parameters of cardiac tissues for future drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovasology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710077, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Development of a Versatile, Low-Cost Electrochemical System to Study Biofilm Redox Activity at the Micron Scale. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0043422. [PMID: 35758758 PMCID: PMC9328185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00434-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially resolving chemical landscapes surrounding microbial communities can provide insight into chemical interactions that dictate cellular physiology. Electrochemical techniques provide an attractive option for studying these interactions due to their robustness and high sensitivity. Unfortunately, commercial electrochemical platforms that are capable of measuring chemical activity on the micron scale are often expensive and do not easily perform multiple scanning techniques. Here, we report development of an inexpensive electrochemical system that features a combined micromanipulator and potentiostat component capable of scanning surfaces while measuring molecular concentrations or redox profiles. We validate this experimental platform for biological use with a two-species biofilm model composed of the oral bacterial pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii. We measure consumption of H2O2 by A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms temporally and spatially, providing new insights into how A. actinomycetemcomitans responds to this S. gordonii-produced metabolite. We advance our platform to spatially measure redox activity above biofilms. Our analysis supports that redox activity surrounding biofilms is species specific, and the region immediately above an S. gordonii biofilm is highly oxidized compared to that above an A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. This work provides description and validation of a versatile, quantitative framework for studying bacterial redox-mediated physiology in an integrated and easily adaptable experimental platform. IMPORTANCE Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy methods can provide information of the chemical environment along a spatial surface with micron-scale resolution. These methods often require expensive instruments that perform optimized and highly sensitive niche techniques. Here, we describe a novel system that combines a micromanipulator that scans micron-sized electrodes across the surface of bacterial biofilms and a potentiostat, which performs various electrochemical techniques. This platform allows for spatial measurement of chemical gradients above live bacteria in real time, and as proof of concept, we utilize this setup to map H2O2 detoxification above an oral pathogen biofilm. We increased the versatility of this platform further by mapping redox potentials of biofilms in real time on the micron scale. Together, this system provides a technical framework for studying chemical interactions among microbes.
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7
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Qin X, Jin HJ, Li X, Li J, Pan JB, Wang K, Liu S, Xu JJ, Xia XH. Label-Free Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single-Cell Adhesions by Using Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103964. [PMID: 34850460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A label-free and fast approach for positive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of single cells by bipolar nanoelectrode array is proposed. The reduction of oxygen at a platinized gold nanoelectrode array in a closed bipolar electrochemical system is coupled with an oxidative ECL process at the anodic side. For elevating the ECL imaging contrast of single cells, a driving voltage of -2.0 V is applied to in situ generate oxygen confined beneath cells that is subsequently used for ECL imaging at 1.1 V. High oxygen concentration in the confined space resulting from steric hindrance generates prominent oxygen reduction current at the cathodic side and higher ECL intensity at the anodic side, allowing positive ECL imaging of the cells adhesion region with excellent contrast. Cell morphology and adhesion strength can be successfully imaged with high image acquisition rate. This approach opens a new avenue for label-free imaging of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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8
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Utagawa Y, Hiramoto K, Nashimoto Y, Ino K, Shiku H. In vitro electrochemical assays for vascular cells and organs. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
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9
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Gwon HJ, Lim D, Ahn HS. Bioanalytical chemistry with scanning electrochemical microscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Gwon
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Donghoon Lim
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyun S. Ahn
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
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10
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Dieckhöfer S, Öhl D, Junqueira JRC, Quast T, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Probing the Local Reaction Environment During High Turnover Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Ag-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5906-5912. [PMID: 33527522 PMCID: PMC8048634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the influence of electrochemical reactions on the electrode microenvironment is an unavoidable topic for electrochemical reactions that involve the production of OH− and the consumption of water. That is particularly true for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which together with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exert changes in the local OH− and H2O activity that in turn can possibly affect activity, stability, and selectivity of the CO2RR. We determine the local OH− and H2O activity in close proximity to a CO2‐converting Ag‐based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with product analysis using gas chromatography. A Pt nanosensor is positioned in the vicinity of the working GDE using shear‐force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves, which allows monitoring changes invoked by reactions proceeding within an otherwise inaccessible porous GDE by potentiodynamic measurements at the Pt‐tip nanosensor. We show that high turnover HER/CO2RR at a GDE lead to modulations of the alkalinity of the local electrolyte, that resemble a 16 m KOH solution, variations that are in turn linked to the reaction selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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11
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Henrotte O, Boudet A, Limani N, Bergonzo P, Zribi B, Scorsone E, Jousselme B, Cornut R. Steady‐State Electrocatalytic Activity Evaluation with the Redox Competition Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Gold Probe and a Boron‐Doped Diamond Substrate. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Henrotte
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Alice Boudet
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Ndrina Limani
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Philippe Bergonzo
- Diamond Sensors Laboratory LIST CEA CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
- Current address: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London 17-19 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AH United Kingdom
| | - Bacem Zribi
- Diamond Sensors Laboratory LIST CEA CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Emmanuel Scorsone
- Diamond Sensors Laboratory LIST CEA CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Renaud Cornut
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA CNRS NIMBE LICSEN CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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12
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Atomic force microscopy - Scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) for nanoscale topographical and electrochemical characterization: Principles, applications and perspectives. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy in the development of enzymatic sensors and immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111411. [PMID: 31228730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is very useful, non-invasive tool for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with biomolecules or by whole cells. This review focuses on the application of SECM technique for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose oxidase) or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates. The working principles and operating modes of SECM are outlined. The applicability of feedback, generation-collection and redox competition modes of SECM on surfaces modified by enzymes or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates is discussed. SECM is important in the development of miniaturized bioanalytical systems with enzymes, since it can provide information about the local enzyme activity. Technical challenges and advantages of SECM, experimental parameters, used enzymes and redox mediators, immunoassay formats and analytical parameters of enzymatic SECM sensors and immunosensors are reviewed.
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14
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Okumura S, Hirano Y, Maki Y, Komatsu Y. Analysis of time-course drug response in rat cardiomyocytes cultured on a pattern of islands. Analyst 2019; 143:4083-4089. [PMID: 30083681 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the kinetics analysis of cardiomyocyte beating using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In this study, a stage-top incubator and a capillary micropipette (MP) for delivering drugs were assembled with an SECM instrument, and the responses of rat cardiomyocytes were analyzed under a culture environment after drug stimulation. When adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was delivered to synchronously beating cardiomyocytes, the beating acceleration effect of ATP was counteracted by the synchronously beating network in the culture dish. In contrast, cardiomyocytes cultured on a pattern of islands in a culture dish showed fluctuations in the duration of beating upon the addition of ATP. We also examined the effect of the cardiotoxic agent astemizole on cardiomyocytes and successfully detected motion fluctuations. Therefore, drug stimulation via MPs and beating measurement by SECM are effective routes for the evaluation of drug candidates through the analysis of time-course beating motion fluctuations of the cardiomyocytes.
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Botz A, Clausmeyer J, Öhl D, Tarnev T, Franzen D, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Die lokalen Aktivitäten von Hydroxidionen und Wasser bestimmen die Funktionsweise von auf Silber basierenden Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - David Franzen
- Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität Clausthal; Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität Clausthal; Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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16
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Botz A, Clausmeyer J, Öhl D, Tarnev T, Franzen D, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Local Activities of Hydroxide and Water Determine the Operation of Silver-Based Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12285-12289. [PMID: 30073732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Local ion activity changes in close proximity to the surface of an oxygen depolarized cathode (ODC) were measured by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). While the operating ODC produces OH- ions and consumes O2 and H2 O through the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), local changes in the activity of OH- ions and H2 O are detected by means of a positioned Pt microelectrode serving as an SECM tip. Sensing at the Pt tip is based on the pH-dependent reduction of PtO and obviates the need for prior electrode modification steps. It can be used to evaluate the coordination numbers of OH- ions and H2 O, and the method was exploited as a novel approach of catalyst activity assessment. We show that the electrochemical reaction on highly active catalysts can have a drastic influence on the reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Lin TE, Rapino S, Girault HH, Lesch A. Electrochemical imaging of cells and tissues. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4546-4554. [PMID: 29899947 PMCID: PMC5969511 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This minireview summarizes the recent achievements of electrochemical imaging platforms to map cellular functions in biological specimens using electrochemical scanning nano/micro-probe microscopy and 2D chips containing microelectrode arrays.
The technological and experimental progress in electrochemical imaging of biological specimens is discussed with a view on potential applications for skin cancer diagnostics, reproductive medicine and microbial testing. The electrochemical analysis of single cell activity inside cell cultures, 3D cellular aggregates and microtissues is based on the selective detection of electroactive species involved in biological functions. Electrochemical imaging strategies, based on nano/micrometric probes scanning over the sample and sensor array chips, respectively, can be made sensitive and selective without being affected by optical interference as many other microscopy techniques. The recent developments in microfabrication, electronics and cell culturing/tissue engineering have evolved in affordable and fast-sampling electrochemical imaging platforms. We believe that the topics discussed herein demonstrate the applicability of electrochemical imaging devices in many areas related to cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Chemistry Department "Giacomo Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédéderale de Lausanne , EPFL Valais Valais , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CP 440 , 1951 Sion , Switzerland .
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Weiz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics; Chemnitz University of Technology; Reichenhainer Straße 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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19
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Single Cell Oxygen Mapping (SCOM) by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Uncovers Heterogeneous Intracellular Oxygen Consumption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11428. [PMID: 28900258 PMCID: PMC5596008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a highly sensitive oxygen consumption scanning microscopy system using platinized platinum disc microelectrodes. The system is capable of reliably detecting single-cell respiration, responding to classical regulators of mitochondrial oxygen consumption activity as expected. Comparisons with commercial multi-cell oxygen detection systems show that the system has comparable errors (if not smaller), with the advantage of being able to monitor inter and intra-cell heterogeneity in oxygen consumption characteristics. Our results uncover heterogeneous oxygen consumption characteristics between cells and within the same cell´s microenvironments. Single Cell Oxygen Mapping (SCOM) is thus capable of reliably studying mitochondrial oxygen consumption characteristics and heterogeneity at a single-cell level.
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20
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Selim HMM, Kamal AM, Ali DMM, Hassan RYA. Bioelectrochemical Systems for Measuring Microbial Cellular Functions. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hend M. M. Selim
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | | | - Dina M. M. Ali
- Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry Depart; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y. A. Hassan
- Microanalysis Lab; Applied Organic Chemistry; Department, National Research Centre (NRC); El Bohouth st. Dokki 12622-Giza Egypt
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21
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Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO2/C as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction to H2O2. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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23
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Holzinger A, Steinbach C, Kranz C. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Fundamentals and Applications in Life Sciences. ELECTROCHEMICAL STRATEGIES IN DETECTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622529-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has made significant contributions to the life sciences. Innovative developments focusing on high-resolution imaging, developing novel operation modes, and combining SECM with complementary optical or scanning probe techniques renders SECM an attractive analytical approach. This chapter gives an introduction to the essential instrumentation and operation principles of SECM for studying biologically-relevant systems. Particular emphasis is given to applications aimed at imaging the activity of biochemical constituents such as enzymes, antibodies, and DNA, which play a pivotal role in biomedical diagnostics. Furthermore, the unique advantages of SECM and combined techniques for studying live cells is highlighted by discussion of selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Holzinger
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Charlotte Steinbach
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm 89069 Ulm Germany
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24
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Electrochemical evidence for asialoglycoprotein receptor – mediated hepatocyte adhesion and proliferation in three dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 890:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Chen CH, Jacobse L, McKelvey K, Lai SCS, Koper MTM, Unwin PR. Voltammetric Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Dynamic Imaging of Hydrazine Electro-oxidation on Platinum Electrodes. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5782-9. [PMID: 25942527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Voltammetric scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) incorporates cyclic voltammetry measurements in the SECCM imaging protocol, by recording electrochemical currents in a wide potential window at each pixel in a map. This provides much more information compared to traditional fixed potential imaging. Data can be represented as movies (hundreds of frames) of current (over a surface region) at a series of potentials and are highly revealing of subtle variations in electrode activity. Furthermore, by combining SECCM data with other forms of microscopy, e.g. scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction data, it is possible to directly relate the current-voltage characteristics to spatial position and surface structure. In this work we use a "hopping mode", where the SECCM pipet probe is translated toward the surface at a series of positions until meniscus contact. Small amounts of residue left on the surface, upon probe retraction, demark the precise area of each measurement. We use these techniques to study hydrazine oxidation on a polycrystalline platinum substrate both in air and in a deaerated environment. In both cases, the detected faradaic current shows a structural dependence on the surface crystallographic orientation. Significantly, in the presence of oxygen (aerated solution) the electrochemical current decreases strongly for almost all grains (crystallographic orientations). The results highlight the flexibility of voltammetric SECCM for electrochemical imaging and present important implications for hydrazine electroanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Leon Jacobse
- ‡Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kim McKelvey
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Stanley C S Lai
- §MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- ‡Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Abstract
Carbon nanoelectrodes with tip diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers are fabricated by pyrolitic deposition of carbon films along the entire inner surfaces of pulled-glass pipettes. The pulled end of each glass pipette is then etched to expose a desired length (typically, a few micrometers) of carbon pipe. The carbon film provides an electrically conductive path from the nanoscopic carbon tip to the distal, macroscopic end of the pipette, bridging between the nanoscale tip and the macroscale handle, without a need for assembly. We used our nanoelectrodes to penetrate into individual cells and cell nuclei and measured the variations in the electrode impedance upon cell and nucleus penetration as well as the electrode impedance as a function of cell penetration depth. Theoretical predictions based on a simple circuit model were in good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Anderson
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Haim H. Bau
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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27
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Vasdekis AE, Stephanopoulos G. Review of methods to probe single cell metabolism and bioenergetics. Metab Eng 2015; 27:115-135. [PMID: 25448400 PMCID: PMC4399830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single cell investigations have enabled unexpected discoveries, such as the existence of biological noise and phenotypic switching in infection, metabolism and treatment. Herein, we review methods that enable such single cell investigations specific to metabolism and bioenergetics. Firstly, we discuss how to isolate and immobilize individuals from a cell suspension, including both permanent and reversible approaches. We also highlight specific advances in microbiology for its implications in metabolic engineering. Methods for probing single cell physiology and metabolism are subsequently reviewed. The primary focus therein is on dynamic and high-content profiling strategies based on label-free and fluorescence microspectroscopy and microscopy. Non-dynamic approaches, such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Vasdekis
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 56-469, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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28
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Nebel M, Erichsen T, Schuhmann W. Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:141-51. [PMID: 24600538 PMCID: PMC3943292 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional shearforce-based constant-distance mode scanning electrochemical microscopy (4D SF/CD-SECM) was utilized for the investigation of the activity distribution of oxygen reduction catalysts. Carbon-supported Pt model catalyst powders have been immobilized in recessed microelectrodes and compared to a spot preparation technique. Microcavities serve as platform for the binder-free catalyst sample preparation exhibiting beneficial properties for constant-distance mode SECM imaging concerning modified surface area and catalyst loading. The integration of the redox competition mode of SECM into the detection scheme of the 4D SF/CD mode is demonstrated for specifically adapting high-resolution SECM experiments to powder-based catalyst preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nebel
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum
- Sensolytics GmbH, Universitätsstr 142, D-44799 Bochum
| | | | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum
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29
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Actis P, Tokar S, Clausmeyer J, Babakinejad B, Mikhaleva S, Cornut R, Takahashi Y, López Córdoba A, Novak P, Shevchuck AI, Dougan JA, Kazarian SG, Gorelkin PV, Erofeev AS, Yaminsky IV, Unwin PR, Schuhmann W, Klenerman D, Rusakov DA, Sviderskaya EV, Korchev YE. Electrochemical nanoprobes for single-cell analysis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:875-84. [PMID: 24377306 DOI: 10.1021/nn405612q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of key molecules in individual cells with minimal disruption to the biological milieu is the next frontier in single-cell analyses. Nanoscale devices are ideal analytical tools because of their small size and their potential for high spatial and temporal resolution recordings. Here, we report the fabrication of disk-shaped carbon nanoelectrodes whose radius can be precisely tuned within the range 5-200 nm. The functionalization of the nanoelectrode with platinum allowed the monitoring of oxygen consumption outside and inside a brain slice. Furthermore, we show that nanoelectrodes of this type can be used to impale individual cells to perform electrochemical measurements within the cell with minimal disruption to cell function. These nanoelectrodes can be fabricated combined with scanning ion conductance microscopy probes, which should allow high resolution electrochemical mapping of species on or in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Actis
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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