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Boysen N, Wree JL, Zanders D, Rogalla D, Öhl D, Schuhmann W, Devi A. High-Performance Iridium Thin Films for Water Splitting by CVD Using New Ir(I) Precursors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:52149-52162. [PMID: 36351209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of iridium can be utilized in a wide range of applications and are particularly interesting for catalytic transformations. For the scalable deposition of functional Ir thin films, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is the method of choice, for which organometallic precursors that embody a high volatility and thermal stability need to be specifically tailored. Herein, we report the synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of new volatile Ir(I)-1,5-cyclooctadiene complexes bearing all-nitrogen coordinating guanidinate (N,N'-diisopropyl-2-dimethylamido-guanidinate (DPDMG)), amidinate (N,N'-diisopropyl-amidinate (DPAMD)), and formamidinate (N,N'-diisopropyl-formamidinate (DPfAMD)) ligands. The amidinate-based Ir complex [Ir(COD)(DPAMD)] together with O2 was implemented in MOCVD experiments resulting in highly crystalline, dense, and conductive Ir films on a variety of substrate materials. The Ir deposits achieved outstanding electrochemical performance with overpotentials in the range of 50 mV at -10 mA·cm-2 for catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution. The ability to deposit Ir layers via MOCVD exhibiting promising functional properties is a significant step toward large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Boysen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry (IMC), Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Lucas Wree
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry (IMC), Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - David Zanders
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry (IMC), Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry─Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry─Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry (IMC), Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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2
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Zhang J, Quast T, He W, Dieckhöfer S, Junqueira JRC, Öhl D, Wilde P, Jambrec D, Chen YT, Schuhmann W. In Situ Carbon Corrosion and Cu Leaching as a Strategy for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Multimetal Electrocatalysts. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109108. [PMID: 35062041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of active sites and their intrinsic activity are key factors in designing high-performance catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synthesis, properties, and in-depth characterization of a homogeneous CoNiFeCu catalyst are reported, demonstrating that multimetal synergistic effects improve the OER kinetics and the intrinsic activity. In situ carbon corrosion and Cu leaching during the OER lead to an enhanced electrochemically active surface area, providing favorable conditions for improved electronic interaction between the constituent metals. After activation, the catalyst exhibits excellent activity with a low overpotential of 291.5 ± 0.5 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 43.9 mV dec-1 . It shows superior stability compared to RuO2 in 1 m KOH, which is even preserved for 120 h at 500 mA cm-2 in 7 m KOH at 50 °C. Single particles of this CoNiFeCu after their placement on nanoelectrodes combined with identical location transmission electron microscopy before and after applying cyclic voltammetry are investigated. The improved catalytic performance is due to surface carbon corrosion and Cu leaching. The proposed catalyst design strategy combined with the unique single-nanoparticle technique contributes to the development and characterization of high-performance catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenhui He
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Wilde
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daliborka Jambrec
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Center for Solvation Science (ZEMOS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Sikdar N, Junqueira JRC, Öhl D, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Braun M, Aiyappa HB, Seisel S, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. Redox Replacement of Silver on MOF-Derived Cu/C Nanoparticles on Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104249. [PMID: 35040207 PMCID: PMC9304169 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic tandem catalysts have emerged as a promising strategy to locally increase the CO flux during electrochemical CO2 reduction, so as to maximize the rate of conversion to C-C-coupled products. Considering this, a novel Cu/C-Ag nanostructured catalyst has been prepared by a redox replacement process, in which the ratio of the two metals can be tuned by the replacement time. An optimum Cu/Ag composition with similarly sized particles showed the highest CO2 conversion to C2+ products compared to non-Ag-modified gas-diffusion electrodes. Gas chromatography and in-situ Raman measurements in a CO2 gas diffusion cell suggest the formation of top-bound linear adsorbed *CO followed by consumption of CO in the successive cascade steps, as evidenced by the increasingνC-H bands. These findings suggest that two mechanisms operate simultaneously towards the production of HCO2 H and C-C-coupled products on the Cu/Ag bimetallic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Braun
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration, University Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz Straße 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Harshitha B Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration, University Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz Straße 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Sikdar N, Junqueira JRC, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Braun M, Song Y, Aiyappa HB, Seisel S, Weidner J, Öhl D, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. A Metal-Organic Framework derived Cu x O y C z Catalyst for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction and Impact of Local pH Change. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23427-23434. [PMID: 34355835 PMCID: PMC8597168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction to produce value-added chemicals has been intensively pursued. We report a series of Cux Oy Cz nanostructured electrocatalysts derived from a Cu-based MOF as porous self-sacrificial template. Blending catalysts with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) suppressed the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. 25 to 50 wt % teflonized GDEs exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of ≈54 % for C2+ products at -80 mA cm-2 . The local OH- ions activity of PTFE-modified GDEs was assessed by means of closely positioning a Pt-nanoelectrode. A substantial increase in the OH- /H2 O activity ratio due to the locally generated OH- ions at increasing current densities was determined irrespective of the PTFE amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Michael Braun
- Chemical Technology III; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for NanointegrationUniversity Duisburg-EssenCarl-Benz Straße 19947057DuisburgGermany
| | - Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences99 Haike RoadShanghai201203People's Republic of China
| | - Harshitha B. Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Jonas Weidner
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for NanointegrationUniversity Duisburg-EssenCarl-Benz Straße 19947057DuisburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
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5
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Sikdar N, Junqueira JRC, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Braun M, Song Y, Aiyappa HB, Seisel S, Weidner J, Öhl D, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. Ein MOF‐basierter Cu
x
O
y
C
z
‐Katalysator für die elektrochemische CO
2
‐Reduktion und die Auswirkungen der lokalen pH‐Änderung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Michael Braun
- Chemical Technology III Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 99 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Harshitha B. Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Jonas Weidner
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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6
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Song Y, Junqueira JRC, Sikdar N, Öhl D, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Seisel S, Masa J, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO 2 Electroreduction to C 2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9135-9141. [PMID: 33559233 PMCID: PMC8048895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products has attracted considerable attention as it provides an avenue to high-density renewable energy storage. However, the selectivity and stability under high current densities are rarely reported. Herein, B-doped Cu (B-Cu) and B-Cu-Zn gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) were developed for highly selective and stable CO2 conversion to C2+ products at industrially relevant current densities. The B-Cu GDE exhibited a high Faradaic efficiency of 79 % for C2+ products formation at a current density of -200 mA cm-2 and a potential of -0.45 V vs. RHE. The long-term stability for C2+ formation was substantially improved by incorporating an optimal amount of Zn. Operando Raman spectra confirm the retained Cu+ species under CO2 reduction conditions and the lower overpotential for *OCO formation upon incorporation of Zn, which lead to the excellent conversion of CO2 to C2+ products on B-Cu-Zn GDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences99 Haike RoadShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Justus Masa
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology IIIFaculty of Chemistry and CENIDECenter for Nanointegration University Duisburg EssenCarl-Benz-Strasse 19947057DuisburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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7
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Song Y, Junqueira JRC, Sikdar N, Öhl D, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Seisel S, Masa J, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. B‐Cu‐Zn‐Gasdiffusionselektroden für die elektrokatalytische CO
2
‐Reduktion zu C
2+
‐Produkten bei hohen Stromdichten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 99 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 VR China
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Justus Masa
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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8
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Dieckhöfer S, Öhl D, Junqueira JRC, Quast T, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Probing the Local Reaction Environment During High Turnover Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Ag-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5906-5912. [PMID: 33527522 PMCID: PMC8048634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the influence of electrochemical reactions on the electrode microenvironment is an unavoidable topic for electrochemical reactions that involve the production of OH− and the consumption of water. That is particularly true for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which together with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exert changes in the local OH− and H2O activity that in turn can possibly affect activity, stability, and selectivity of the CO2RR. We determine the local OH− and H2O activity in close proximity to a CO2‐converting Ag‐based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with product analysis using gas chromatography. A Pt nanosensor is positioned in the vicinity of the working GDE using shear‐force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves, which allows monitoring changes invoked by reactions proceeding within an otherwise inaccessible porous GDE by potentiodynamic measurements at the Pt‐tip nanosensor. We show that high turnover HER/CO2RR at a GDE lead to modulations of the alkalinity of the local electrolyte, that resemble a 16 m KOH solution, variations that are in turn linked to the reaction selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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9
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Röhe M, Botz A, Franzen D, Kubannek F, Ellendorff B, Öhl D, Schuhmann W, Turek T, Krewer U. The Key Role of Water Activity for the Operating Behavior and Dynamics of Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Röhe
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität Braunschweig Franz-Liszt-Str. 35 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical SciencesFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process EngineeringTechnische Universität Clausthal Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Fabian Kubannek
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität Braunschweig Franz-Liszt-Str. 35 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Barbara Ellendorff
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process EngineeringTechnische Universität Clausthal Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical SciencesFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical SciencesFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process EngineeringTechnische Universität Clausthal Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität Braunschweig Franz-Liszt-Str. 35 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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10
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Öhl D, Franzen D, Paulisch M, Dieckhöfer S, Barwe S, Andronescu C, Manke I, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Catalytic Reactivation of Industrial Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes by in situ Generation of Atomic Hydrogen. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:2732-2739. [PMID: 30908849 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytically active materials on the industrial as well as on the laboratory scale may suffer from chemical instability during operation, air exposure, or storage in the electrolyte. A strategy to recover the loss of electrocatalytic activity is presented. Oxygen-depolarized cathodes (ODC), analogous to those that are utilized in industrial brine electrolysis, are analyzed: the catalytic activity of the electrodes upon storage (4 weeks) under industrial process conditions (30 wt % NaOH, without operation) diminishes. This phenomenon occurs as a consequence of surface oxidation and pore blockage, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam milling, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic cycling of the oxidized electrodes to highly reductive potentials and the formation of "nascent" hydrogen re-reduces the electrode material, ultimately recovering the former catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Paulisch
- Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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11
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Wintrich D, Öhl D, Barwe S, Ganassin A, Möller S, Tarnev T, Botz A, Ruff A, Clausmeyer J, Masa J, Schuhmann W. Enhancing the Selectivity between Oxygen and Chlorine towards Chlorine during the Anodic Chlorine Evolution Reaction on a Dimensionally Stable Anode. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wintrich
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alberto Ganassin
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sandra Möller
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Justus Masa
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr.150 44780 Bochum Germany
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12
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Öhl D, Kayran YU, Junqueira JRC, Eßmann V, Bobrowski T, Schuhmann W. Optimized Ag Nanovoid Structures for Probing Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Langmuir 2018; 34:12293-12301. [PMID: 30247044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool and a strongly surface structure-dependent process. Importantly, it can be coupled with electrochemistry to simultaneously record vibrational spectroscopic information during electrocatalytic reactions. Highest Raman enhancements are obtained using precisely tuned nanostructures. The fabrication and evaluation of a high number of different nanostructures with slightly different properties is time-consuming. We present a strategy to systematically determine optimal nanostructure properties of electrochemically generated Ag void structures in order to find the void size providing highest signal enhancement for Raman spectroscopy. Ag-coated Si wafers were decorated with a monolayer of differently sized polymer nanospheres using a Langmuir-Blodgett approach. Subsequently, bipolar electrochemistry was used to electrodeposit a gradient of differently sized void structures. The gradient structures were locally evaluated using Raman spectroscopy of a surface-adsorbed Raman probe, and the surface regions exhibiting the highest Raman enhancement were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. High-throughput scanning droplet cell experiments were utilized to determine suitable conditions for the electrodeposition of the found highly active structure in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. This structure was subsequently employed as the working electrode in operando surface-enhanced Raman measurements to verify its viability as the signal amplifier and to spectroscopically rationalize the complex electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Yasin U Kayran
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Vera Eßmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Tim Bobrowski
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
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13
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Botz A, Clausmeyer J, Öhl D, Tarnev T, Franzen D, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Die lokalen Aktivitäten von Hydroxidionen und Wasser bestimmen die Funktionsweise von auf Silber basierenden Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - David Franzen
- Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität Clausthal; Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität Clausthal; Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry -, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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14
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Botz A, Clausmeyer J, Öhl D, Tarnev T, Franzen D, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Local Activities of Hydroxide and Water Determine the Operation of Silver-Based Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12285-12289. [PMID: 30073732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Local ion activity changes in close proximity to the surface of an oxygen depolarized cathode (ODC) were measured by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). While the operating ODC produces OH- ions and consumes O2 and H2 O through the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), local changes in the activity of OH- ions and H2 O are detected by means of a positioned Pt microelectrode serving as an SECM tip. Sensing at the Pt tip is based on the pH-dependent reduction of PtO and obviates the need for prior electrode modification steps. It can be used to evaluate the coordination numbers of OH- ions and H2 O, and the method was exploited as a novel approach of catalyst activity assessment. We show that the electrochemical reaction on highly active catalysts can have a drastic influence on the reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Öhl D, Clausmeyer J, Barwe S, Botz A, Schuhmann W. Oxygen Reduction Activity and Reversible Deactivation of Single Silver Nanoparticles during Particle Adsorption Events. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
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16
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Alzahrani H, Antoine C, Aoki K, Baker L, Balme S, Bentley C, Bhattacharya G, Bohn PW, Cai Q, Cao C, Commandeur D, Crooks RM, Edwards M, Ewing A, Fu K, Galeyeva A, Gao R, Hersbach T, Hillman R, Hu YX, Jiang L, Kanoufi F, Kranz C, Liu S, Löffler T, Long Y, MacPherson J, McKelvey K, Minteer S, Mirkin M, Mount A, Nichols R, Nogala W, Öhl D, Qiu K, Ren H, Rudd J, Schuhmann W, Siwy Z, Tian Z, Unwin P, Wang Y, Wilde P, Wu Y, Yang Z, Ying Y. Processes at nanoelectrodes: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2018; 210:235-265. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd90024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Alzahrani H, Bentley C, Bohn PW, Chikere C, Commandeur D, Crooks RM, Ehi-Eromosele C, Ewing A, Galeyeva A, Hersbach T, Hillman R, Kanoufi F, Koper M, Kranz C, Löffler T, Long Y, MacPherson J, McKelvey K, Minteer S, Mirkin M, Nichols R, Nogala W, Öhl D, Pelta J, Ren H, Rudd J, Schuhmann W, Tian Z, Unwin P, Vezzoli A, Willets K, Wu Y, Yang Z, Zhan D, Zhao C. Energy conversion at nanointerfaces: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2018; 210:333-351. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd90025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Löffler T, Wilde P, Öhl D, Chen YT, Tschulik K, Schuhmann W. Evaluation of the intrinsic catalytic activity of nanoparticles without prior knowledge of the mass loading. Faraday Discuss 2018; 210:317-332. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method enabling the evaluation of intrinsic catalytic activity of nanoparticles based on the diffusion-limited steady-state current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Löffler
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Patrick Wilde
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
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19
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Clausmeyer J, Botz A, Öhl D, Schuhmann W. The oxygen reduction reaction at the three-phase boundary: nanoelectrodes modified with Ag nanoclusters. Faraday Discuss 2016; 193:241-250. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters are deposited on bifunctional Θ-shaped nanoelectrodes consisting of a carbon nanoelectrode combined with a hollow nanopipette. The Θ-nanoelectrodes are used as model systems to study interfacial mass transport in gas diffusion electrodes and in particular oxygen-depolarized cathodes (ODC) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in chlor-alkali electrolysers. By local delivery of O2 gas to the electroactive Ag nanoclusters through the adjacent nanopipette, enhanced currents for the ORR at the Ag nanoparticles are recorded which are not accountable when considering the low solubility and slow diffusion of O2 in highly alkaline media. Instead, local oversaturation of O2 leads to current enhancement at the Ag nanoclusters. Due to the intrinsic high mass transport rates at the nanometric electrodes accompanied by local delivery of reactants, the method generally allows to study electrochemical reactions at single nanoparticles beyond the limitations induced by slow diffusion and low reactant concentration. Kinetic and mechanistic information, for instance derived from Tafel slopes, can be obtained from kinetic regimes not accessible to standard techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
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