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Xiao G, Xu A, Jiang J, Chen Z, Li Y, Li S, Chen W, Zhang J, Jia C, Zeng Z, Bi X. Metabolomics analysis delineates the therapeutic effects of Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule on triton WR-1339 -induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252146. [PMID: 37964876 PMCID: PMC10642944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism resulting from abnormal blood lipid metabolism and is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases that endanger people's health. Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule (YL) is a formulated TCM widely used to treat hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to discover biomarkers utilizing untargeted metabolomics techniques, as well as to analyze the mechanisms underlying the changes in metabolic pathways linked to lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation, and regulation of angiogenesis in hyperlipidemia mice. To assess the efficacy of YL, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were measured. Biochemical examinations showed that YL significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, Il6, Tnf-α, and Vegfa in hyperlipidemia mice (p < 0.01). YL also significantly increased the levels of HDL-c and Alb (p < 0.01). Twenty-seven potential serum biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were determined. These differential metabolites were related to the reduction of serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia mice, probably through metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Further correlation analysis showed that the serum lipid reduction through YL was related to the metabolites (amino acid metabolites, phospholipids metabolites, and fatty acids metabolites). The present study reveals that YL has a profound effect on alleviating triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and angiogenesis and that the positive effects of YL were primarily associated with the correction of metabolic abnormalities and the maintenance of metabolite dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Xiao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aili Xu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxue Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnian Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canchao Jia
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Zeng
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Andersen CJ, Huang L, Zhai F, Esposito CP, Greco JM, Zhang R, Woodruff R, Sloan A, Van Dyke AR. Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3747. [PMID: 37686779 PMCID: PMC10490185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs-particularly egg yolks-are a rich source of bioactive nutrients and dietary compounds that influence metabolic health, lipid metabolism, immune function, and hematopoiesis. We investigated the effects of consuming an egg-free diet, three egg whites per day, and three whole eggs per day for 4 weeks on comprehensive clinical metabolic, immune, and hematologic profiles in young, healthy adults (18-35 y, BMI < 30 kg/m2 or <30% body fat for men and <40% body fat for women, n = 26) in a 16-week randomized, crossover intervention trial. We observed that average daily macro- and micronutrient intake significantly differed across egg diet periods, including greater intake of choline during the whole egg diet period, which corresponded to increased serum choline and betaine without altering trimethylamine N-oxide. Egg white and whole egg intake increased serum isoleucine while whole egg intake reduced serum glycine-markers of increased and decreased risk of insulin resistance, respectively-without altering other markers of glucose sensitivity or inflammation. Whole egg intake increased a subset of large HDL particles (H6P, 10.8 nm) and decreased the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio and % monocytes in female participants using combined oral contraceptive (COC) medication (n = 11) as compared to female non-users (n = 10). Whole egg intake further increased blood hematocrit whereas egg white and whole egg intake reduced blood platelet counts. Changes in clinical immune cell counts between egg white and whole egg diet periods were negatively correlated with several HDL parameters yet positively correlated with measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the intake of whole eggs led to greater overall improvements in micronutrient diet quality, choline status, and HDL and hematologic profiles while minimally-yet potentially less adversely-affecting markers of insulin resistance as compared to egg whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Andersen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Lindsey Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Fangyi Zhai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Christa Palancia Esposito
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
| | - Julia M. Greco
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Rachael Woodruff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.H.); (F.Z.); (R.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Allison Sloan
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA; (J.M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aaron R. Van Dyke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA;
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Zhang F, Li J, Chang C, Gu L, Xiong W, Su Y, Yang Y. The Association of Dietary Cholesterol from Egg Consumption on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Varies from Person to Person. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14977-14988. [PMID: 36416372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The public and scientists remain skeptical about egg consumption, given that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in worldwide. This review mainly explained the recurrence of contradictory conclusions about relationships between egg consumption and CVD risk and discussed effects of egg cholesterol intake on cholesterol homeostasis. Factors including individual health status and cholesterol sensitivity, dietary pattern, region, and race should be distinguished when understanding generalized conclusions. Identified compensatory mechanisms in response to dietary cholesterol and the resulting balance in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, and efflux supported the view that moderate egg consumption had no substantial overall impacts on cholesterol homeostasis in healthy people. Excessive cholesterol intake is not recommended in individuals with distempered metabolism. More than cholesterol metabolism, impacts of egg consumption as a part of overall diet on CVD risk should be considered from aspects of nutrient intake, lipid metabolism, and energy supply in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, Hunan 415400, PR China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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Ge S, Liao C, Su D, Mula T, Gegen Z, Li Z, Tu Y. Wuwei Qingzhuo San Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed With HFD by Regulating Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Composition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842671. [PMID: 35833033 PMCID: PMC9272022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the most common metabolic disorders that threaten people’s health. Wuwei Qingzhuo San (WQS) is a traditional Mongolian medicine prescription, which is widely used in Mongolia for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Our previous studies found that it has hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects on hyperlipidemic hamsters. However, the underlying lipid-lowering mechanisms of WQS and its relationship with intestinal flora are not yet clear. In this study, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were performed to investigate the action mechanism of WQS on hyperlipidemic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). As a result, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the intervention of WQS had obviously modulated the metabolism of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid and the biosynthesis of bile acids. 16 S rRNA sequencing showed that WQS had altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice fed with HFD and, especially, adjusted the relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides. These findings provide new evidence that WQS can improve HFD-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating metabolic disorders and intestinal flora imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Ge
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing, China
- Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Liao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing, China
- Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Duna Su
- Chi Feng an Ding Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Tunuo Mula
- College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Zhula Gegen
- College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia medica, China Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Tu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing, China
- Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ya Tu,
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Andersen CJ, Vance TM. Sex-Specific Associations Between Serum Lipids, Antinuclear Antibodies, and Statin Use in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887741. [PMID: 35721098 PMCID: PMC9198832 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism contributes to the regulation of leukocyte activity and immune responses, and may serve as a therapeutic target in the pathophysiology and clinical management of autoimmune disorders. In addition to lipid-lowering properties, statins have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects within the context of autoimmunity. Importantly, autoimmune incidence and lipid markers differ between men and women, suggesting that the relationship between lipid metabolism and immune function may vary by sex. Therefore, we investigated whether a predictive, sex-specific relationship exists between serum lipids, statin use, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA)—a routine clinical marker of autoimmunity and immune dysfunction—in U.S. men and women (>20 years old; n = 1,526) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. Within this population, a greater proportion of women were positive for ANA (ANA+) and had higher ANA titers, as compared to men. While we did not observe statistical differences in average total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), or triglyceride levels in ANA positive (ANA+) vs. ANA negative (ANA–) men or women, we observed that a greater proportion of ANA+ women had high total cholesterol levels (>240 mg/dL) when compared to ANA+ men (13.0 vs. 9.0%), and that a greater percentage of ANA+ women had low HDL-C as compared to ANA+ men (29.2 vs. 19.6%). However, in logistic regression models, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were not able to predict ANA status, whereas elevated serum triglycerides (150 to < 200 mg/dL) were significantly less likely to be ANA+ vs. ANA– (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.11–0.92) in men only. Interestingly, women who reported taking statins have significantly lower odds of being ANA+ (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.76), whereas no significant association between statin use and ANA status was observed in men. Together, our findings provide novel insight into the relationship between lipid metabolism and autoimmunity by elucidating the limited, albeit sex-specific utility of routine clinical serum lipid levels to predict ANA status at the population level, while further identifying a sex-specific and protective role for statins in predicting ANA status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Andersen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Terrence M Vance
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The State University of New York Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, United States
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6
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Zhang T, Li N, Chen SI, Hou Z, Saito A. Effects of green tea extract combined with brisk walking on lipid profiles and the liver function in overweight and obese men: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-control trial. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191594. [PMID: 33206794 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) combined with brisk walking on lipid profiles and the liver function in overweight and obese men. Twenty-four participants were randomized to either the GTE group or the placebo group for 12 weeks with a 4-week follow-up. The walking program consisted of four 60-min-sessions/week and all participants were asked to consume two GTE (150mg) or placebo tablets daily. After 12-week intervention, GTE group resulted in a significant difference in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to placebo group (P < 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in the aspartate aminotransferase levels (P < 0.01) in the GTE group, but no change in the placebo group (P >0.05). There was no change in the triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the placebo group, but a significant reduction was noted in the HDL-C levels in the GTE group (P < 0.05). GTE combined with brisk walking resulted in a significant change in the LDL-C and TC levels, however, a significant reduce in HDL-C in the GTE group. The study has a more positive effect on the liver function than brisk walking alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhang
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 8190395, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Ningxia Li
- Luohe Central of Hospital, The center laboratory, 56 Renmin East road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - S I Chen
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 8190395, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- Luohe Central of Hospital, Assistant in Post-Doctoral Research Center, 56 Renmin East road, Luohe City 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 8190395, Fukuoka City, Japan
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Andersen CJ, Dupree L, Murray K, Ragonesi N, McMullen K, Cintrón-Rivera L, Doerr A. Low-Density Lipoproteins, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), and HDL-Associated Proteins Differentially Modulate Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Viability. Lipids 2020; 55:615-626. [PMID: 32558932 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism, lipoprotein interactions, and liver X receptor (LXR) activation have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of cancer, although findings vary across cancer models and by lipoprotein profiles. In this study, we investigated the effects of human-derived low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and HDL-associated proteins apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and serum amyloid A (SAA) on markers of viability, cholesterol flux, and differentiation in K562 cells-a bone marrow-derived, stem-like erythroleukemia cell model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We further evaluated whether lipoprotein-mediated effects were altered by concomitant LXR activation. We observed that LDL promoted higher K562 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased cellular cholesterol concentrations, while LXR activation by the agonist TO901317 ablated these effects. LXR activation in the presence of HDL, apoA1 and SAA-rich HDL suppressed K562 cell viability, while robustly inducing mRNA expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). HDL and its associated proteins additionally suppressed mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL), and the erythroid lineage marker 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), while SAA-rich HDL induced mRNA expression of the megakaryocytic lineage marker integrin subunit alpha 2b (ITGA2B). Together, these findings suggest that lipoproteins and LXR may impact the viability and characteristics of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Dupree
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Kristina Murray
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Nicholas Ragonesi
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Kaley McMullen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | | | - Adam Doerr
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
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Fernandez ML. Small HDL Particles Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes, Providing a Potential Early Identification Tool. J Nutr 2020; 150:8-9. [PMID: 31584080 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Zhu C, Wong M, Li Q, Sawrey - Kubicek L, Beals E, Rhodes CH, Sacchi R, Lebrilla CB, Zivkovic AM. Site-Specific Glycoprofiles of HDL-Associated ApoE are Correlated with HDL Functional Capacity and Unaffected by Short-Term Diet. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3977-3984. [PMID: 31545048 PMCID: PMC7480961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since high-density lipoprotein (HDL) glycoprofiles are associated with HDL functional capacity, we set out to determine whether diet can alter the glycoprofiles of key HDL-associated proteins, including ApoE, a potent driver of chronic disease risk. Ten healthy subjects consumed a fast food (FF) and a Mediterranean (Med) diet for 4 days in randomized order, with a 4-day wash-out between treatments. A multiple reaction monitoring method was used to characterize the site-specific glycoprofiles of HDL proteins, and HDL functional capacity was analyzed. We describe for the first time that ApoE has 7 mucin-type O-glycosylation sites, which were not affected by short-term diet. The glycoprofiles of other HDL-associated proteins were also unaffected, except that a disialylated ApoC-III glycan was enriched after Med diet, and a nonsialylated ApoC-III glycan was enriched after FF diet. Twenty-five individual glycopeptides were significantly correlated with cholesterol efflux capacity and 21 glycopeptides were correlated with immunomodulatory capacity. Results from this study indicate that the glycoprofiles of HDL-associated proteins including ApoE are correlated with HDL functional capacity but generally unaffected by diet in the short term, except ApoC-III sialylation. These results suggest that HDL protein glycoprofiles are affected by both acute and long-term factors and may be useful for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | | | - Elizabeth Beals
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Chris H. Rhodes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Romina Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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Zhu C, Sawrey-Kubicek L, Beals E, Hughes RL, Rhodes CH, Sacchi R, Zivkovic AM. The HDL lipidome is widely remodeled by fast food versus Mediterranean diet in 4 days. Metabolomics 2019; 15:114. [PMID: 31422486 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HDL is associated with increased longevity and protection from multiple chronic diseases. The major HDL protein ApoA-I has a half-life of about 4 days, however, the effects of diet on the composition of HDL particles at this time scale have not been studied. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the short term dietary effect on HDL lipidomic composition. METHODS In this randomized order cross-over study, ten healthy subjects consumed a Mediterranean (Med) and a fast food (FF) diet for 4 days, with a 4-day wash-out between treatments. Lipidomic composition was analyzed in isolated HDL fractions by an untargeted LC-MS method with 15 internal standards. RESULTS HDL phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content was increased by FF diet, and 41 out of 170 lipid species were differentially affected by diet. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) and odd chain FA were enriched after FF diet, while very-long chain FA and unsaturated FA were enriched after Med diet. The composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were significantly altered to reflect the FA composition of the diet whereas the composition of sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramides were generally unaffected. CONCLUSION Results from this study indicate that the HDL lipidome is widely remodeled within 4 days of diet change and that certain lipid classes are more sensitive markers of diet whereas other lipid classes are better indicators of non-dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth Beals
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Riley L Hughes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chris H Rhodes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Romina Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Xepapadaki E, Zvintzou E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Τhe Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2019; 71:112-121. [PMID: 31185723 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719854609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multistep process that progresses over a long period of time and displays a broad range of severity. In its final form, it manifests as a lesion of the intimal layer of the arterial wall. There is strong evidence supporting that oxidative stress contributes to coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and antioxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and prognosis of the disease. Indeed, certain subspecies of HDL may act as natural antioxidants preventing oxidation of lipids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biological membranes. The antioxidant function may be attributed to inhibition of synthesis or neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by HDL lipids and associated enzymes or transfer of oxidation prone lipids from LDL and biological membranes to HDL for catabolism. A limited number of clinical trials suggest that the increased antioxidant potential of HDL correlates with decreased risk for atherosclerosis. Some nutritional interventions to increase HDL antioxidant activity have been proposed with limited success so far. The limitations in measuring and understanding HDL antioxidant function in vivo are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
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12
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Chen H, Du Y, Liu S, Ge B, Ji Y, Huang G. Association between serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's disease in China: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:405-411. [PMID: 30624122 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1508426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between blood cholesterol concentrations and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Chinese elderly. A case-control study was implemented between November 2011 and November 2017. Elderly patients aged ≥ 55 years with (n = 117) and without AD (control participants; n = 117) were recruited from the Neurology Central Hospital of Tianjin, China. The associations between AD and blood parameters were assessed using multiple binary logistic regression analyses adjusted for multiple covariates. Higher serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels associated with AD risk in the models adjusted for (1) age, sex and education; and (2) further adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Increased serum TC and LDL-C levels and lower HDL-C levels were independently associated with the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- a School of Nursing , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yue Du
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Shuai Liu
- c Department of Neurology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases , Tianjin Huanhu Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Baojin Ge
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yong Ji
- c Department of Neurology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases , Tianjin Huanhu Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Guowei Huang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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Lemos BS, Medina-Vera I, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of 3 Eggs per Day When Compared to a Choline Bitartrate Supplement, Downregulates Cholesterol Synthesis without Changing the LDL/HDL Ratio. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020258. [PMID: 29495288 PMCID: PMC5852834 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipid concentrations still remains a concern. The effects of egg intake in comparison to choline bitartrate supplement was studied in a young, healthy population. Thirty participants were enrolled for a 13-week intervention. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomized to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline bitartrate supplement (~400 mg choline for both treatments) for 4-weeks each. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of regulatory genes for cholesterol homeostasis were assessed at the end of each intervention. Dietary intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fat were higher with the consumption of eggs compared to the choline period. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (7.5%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5%) and LDL-C (8.1%) were observed with egg consumption (p < 0.01), while no change was seen in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, a key marker of heart disease risk. Compared to choline supplementation, intake of eggs resulted in higher concentrations of plasma apoA-I (8%) and apoE (17%) with no changes in apoB. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression were lower with egg consumption by 18% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting a compensation to the increased dietary cholesterol load. Therefore, dietary cholesterol from eggs appears to regulate endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in such a way that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodologia de Investigacion, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, CD Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
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DiMarco DM, Missimer A, Murillo AG, Lemos BS, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population. Lipids 2017; 52:255-263. [PMID: 28091798 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2-3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amanda Missimer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Murillo AG, DiMarco DM, Fernandez ML. The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5040042. [PMID: 27834813 PMCID: PMC5192422 DOI: 10.3390/biology5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-associated spectrum of comorbidities defined by the presence of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. If left untreated, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is recognized as the most common liver disease in the United States, affecting around 30% of the population. Identification of dietary components capable of reducing or preventing NAFLD is therefore essential to battle this condition. Dietary carotenoids including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin have been demonstrated to be potent antioxidants as well as to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Many studies report the protective effect(s) of these carotenoids against different conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, age-related macular degeneration, and liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on the effects of these carotenoids in the prevention or reduction of NAFLD as seen in epidemiological observations and clinical trials, as well as the suggested mechanism of action derived from animal and cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Relationship between plasma lipids and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:146. [PMID: 27595570 PMCID: PMC5011904 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High lipid levels may constitute a more important risk factor for cognitive health in previous studies. However, the association of plasma lipids with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people had not been studied exactly. This study aims to explore the relationship between plasma lipids/lipoproteins and the risk of MCI in elderly Chinese individuals. Methods CSI-MCI study was a preliminary case-control study of the association of plasma lipids/lipoproteins with MCI in 112 MCI cases and 115 cognitively normal controls. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured in fasting blood samples. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between MCI and these factors. Statistical models were adjusted for multiple demographic and biological covariates. Results The subjects with MCI were significantly older, higher percentage of females and less educated than controls (P <0.05). As expected, subjects with MCI had lower MMSE score compared with controls (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher plasma TC level was associated with the risk of MCI in models adjusting for age, sex and education. However, This association was attenuated after adjusting for BMI, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease and hypertension. Plasma TG level was negatively associated with the risk of MCI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MCI was significantly reduced for the highest quartile of plasma TG level (OR: 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.48–0.97), but not for the second or third quartile, compared with the lowest quartile (adjusted models). Plasma HDL level was significantly negatively associated with the risk of MCI. There was no association between plasma LDL level and the risk of MCI, adjustment for demographics, vascular disorders did not change this relation. Conclusions Plasma TC was significantly higher in MCI subjects compared to cognitively normal controls, Elevated plasma HDL and triglyceride were associated with the occurrence of MCI. These findings need to be confirmed in further longitudinal studies.
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Fernandez ML, Murillo AG. Postmenopausal Women Have Higher HDL and Decreased Incidence of Low HDL than Premenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:E20. [PMID: 27417608 PMCID: PMC4934554 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that plasma lipids, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) increase following menopause. In addition, there is a perceived notion that plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations also decrease in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated plasma lipids, fasting glucose, anthropometrics and BP in 88 post and 100 pre-menopausal women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. No differences were observed in plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose or systolic and diastolic BP between groups. However, plasma HDL-C was higher (p < 0.01) in postmenopausal women and the percentage of women who had low HDL (<50 mg/dL) was higher (p < 0.01) among premenopausal women. In addition, negative correlations were found between WC and HDL-C (r = -0.148, p < 0.05) and BMI and HDL-C (r = -0.258, p < 0.01) for all subjects indicating that increases in weight and abdominal fat have a deleterious effect on plasma HDL-C. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between age and plasma HDL-C (r = 0.237 p < 0.01). The results from this study suggest that although HDL is decreased by visceral fat and overall weight, low HDL is not a main characteristic of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Further, HDL appears to increase, not decrease, with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Wärdig RE, Foldemo A, Hultsjö S, Lindström T, Bachrach-Lindström M. An Intervention with Physical Activity and Lifestyle Counseling Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and Shows Small Improvements in Metabolic Risks in Persons with Psychosis. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:43-52. [PMID: 26818932 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This research studied the effects of a lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and metabolic risk factors in persons with psychosis, using a longitudinal intervention design with a matched reference sample. In participants in the intervention group, scores on the EQ-VAS, which measured HRQoL, improved from 57.6 to 63.3 (SD = 17.8) (p = 0.05), and HDL cholesterol concentration increased from 1.03 to 1.11 (0.19) mmol/l. (p = 0.02). There was no significant change in body weight among participants. The results of this study indicate that a lifestyle intervention based on group meetings improves HRQoL in patients with psychosis and provides small improvements in metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Erik Wärdig
- a Linköpings University , Department of Nursing Sciences, Department of Health and Sciences , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Anniqa Foldemo
- a Linköpings University , Department of Nursing Sciences, Department of Health and Sciences , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Sally Hultsjö
- b Jönköping University , School of Welfare , Jönköping , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lindström
- c Linköpings University , Department of Internal Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Margareta Bachrach-Lindström
- a Linköpings University , Department of Nursing Sciences, Department of Health and Sciences , Linköping , Sweden
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disturbances that cause tissue stress and dysfunction. Obese individuals are at a greater risk for chronic disease and often present with clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, and systemic markers of chronic low-grade inflammation. It has been well established that cells of the immune system play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity- and MetS-related chronic diseases, as evidenced by leukocyte activation and dysfunction in metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the vasculature. However, recent findings have highlighted the substantial impact that obesity and MetS parameters have on immunity and pathogen defense, including the disruption of lymphoid tissue integrity; alterations in leukocyte development, phenotypes, and activity; and the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. These changes are associated with an overall negative impact on chronic disease progression, immunity from infection, and vaccine efficacy. This review presents an overview of the impact that obesity and MetS parameters have on immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey E Murphy
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT; and
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that lipid levels may be associated with cognitive function, particularly among women. We aimed to examine total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and HDL/LDL ratio in relation to cognitive performance, measured with six well-established cognitive domains and a composite cognitive score (CCS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, biomarkers and neuropsychological assessment were available for 141 adults with MMSE scores ≥ 24 (mean age = 69 years, 47% female, mean education = 14.4 years) attending a neuropsychological evaluation. Ordinary least squares regressions were adjusted for age, gender, education, and depressive symptoms in Model 1 and also for apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) status in Model 2. RESULTS High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with better CCS (β = 0.24; p = 0.014). This association was significant among women (β = 0.30; p = 0.026) and not among men (β = 0.20; p = 0.124). HDL-C was also related to attention/working memory (β = 0.24; p = 0.021), again only among women (β = 0.37; p = 0.012) and not men (β = 0.15; p = 0.271). Adjusting for APOE4 yielded significance for high HDL-C and CCS (β = 0.24; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS HDL-C was the main lipoprotein affecting cognitive function, with results somewhat more pronounced among women. Research should investigate the possibility of finding ways to boost HDL-C levels to potentially promote cognitive function.
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Bioactive Egg Components and Inflammation. Nutrients 2015; 7:7889-913. [PMID: 26389951 PMCID: PMC4586567 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal acute response of the immune system to pathogens and tissue injury. However, chronic inflammation is known to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of numerous chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Thus, the impact of dietary factors on inflammation may provide key insight into mitigating chronic disease risk. Eggs are recognized as a functional food that contain a variety of bioactive compounds that can influence pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, the effects of egg consumption on inflammation varies across different populations, including those that are classified as healthy, overweight, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetic. The following review will discuss the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of egg components, with a focus on egg phospholipids, cholesterol, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, and bioactive proteins. The effects of egg consumption of inflammation across human populations will additionally be presented. Together, these findings have implications for population-specific dietary recommendations and chronic disease risk.
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Martínez-López S, Sarriá B, Sierra-Cinos JL, Goya L, Mateos R, Bravo L. Realistic intake of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product increases HDL-cholesterol without inducing anthropometric changes in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Food Funct 2014; 5:364-74. [PMID: 24394704 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cardio-protective effects attributed to cocoa are achieved when regularly consuming moderate amounts of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product, a non-randomized, controlled, crossover, free-living study was carried out in healthy (n = 24; 25.9 ± 5.6 years) and moderately hypercholesterolemic (200-240 mg dL(-1); n = 20; 30.0 ± 10.3 years) volunteers. Participants consumed two servings per day (7.5 g per serving) of a soluble cocoa product (providing 45.3 mg flavanols per day) in milk, which was compared with consuming only milk during a 4 week period. The effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were determined, as well as on serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles, interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (CG), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS). During the study, the volunteers' diets and physical activity were also evaluated, as well as any changes in weight, skin folds, circumferences and related anthropometric parameters. Cocoa and certain polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables and their derivatives were restricted. After consuming the cocoa product positive effects were observed such as an increase in serum HDL-C (p < 0.001) and dietary fiber intake (p = 0.050), whereas IL-10 decreased (p = 0.022). Other cardiovascular-related biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were unaffected. We have therefore concluded that regular consumption of this cocoa product in a Spanish-Mediterranean diet may protect against cardiovascular disease in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects without producing any weight gain or other anthropometric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-López
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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