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Dai Z, Cai R, Zeng H, Zhu H, Dou Y, Sun S. Exosome may be the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2345940. [PMID: 38714324 PMCID: PMC11086043 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2345940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent capacity being biocompatible, non-toxic, which make them a more desirable candidate for vaccines. However, research on exosomes are in their infancy and the barriers of low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit their applications in vaccines. Accordingly, further exploration is necessary to improve these problems and subsequently facilitate the functional studies of exosomes. In this study, we reviewed the origin, classification, functions, modifications, separation and purification, and characterization methods of exosomes. Meanwhile, we focused on the role and mechanism of exosomes for cancer and COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiru Cai
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailian Zhu
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Dou
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Yan S, Liu Q, Liang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang C, Xing D. Airborne microbes: sampling, detection, and inactivation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-35. [PMID: 39128871 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2377191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The human living environment serves as a habitat for microorganisms and the presence of ubiquitous airborne microbes significantly impacts the natural material cycle. Through ongoing experimentation with beneficial microorganisms, humans have greatly benefited from airborne microbes. However, airborne pathogens endanger human health and have the potential to induce fatal diseases. Tracking airborne microbes is a critical prerequisite for a better understanding of bioaerosols, harnessing their potential advantages, and mitigating associated risks. Although technological breakthroughs have enabled significant advancements in accurately monitoring airborne pathogens, many puzzles about these microbes remain unanswered due to their high variability and environmental diffusibility. Consequently, advanced techniques and strategies for special identification, early warning, and efficient eradication of microbial contamination are continuously being sought. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research status of airborne microbes, concentrating on the recent advances and challenges in sampling, detection, and inactivation. Particularly, the fundamental design principles for the collection and timely detection of airborne pathogens are described in detail, as well as critical factors for eliminating microbial contamination and enhancing indoor air quality. In addition, future research directions and perspectives for controlling airborne microbes are also suggested to promote the translation of basic research into real products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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3
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Fan X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Shao M, Gong Y, Wang T, Xue S, Nian R. A comprehensive review of engineered exosomes from the preparation strategy to therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3500-3521. [PMID: 38828621 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit high bioavailability, biological stability, targeted specificity, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity in shuttling various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Natural exosomes, however, have limited production, targeting abilities, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. On the other hand, engineered exosomes have demonstrated long-term circulation, high stability, targeted delivery, and efficient intracellular drug release, garnering significant attention. The engineered exosomes bring new insights into developing next-generation drug delivery systems and show enormous potential in therapeutic applications, such as tumor therapies, diabetes management, cardiovascular disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements associated with engineered exosomes by focusing on the state-of-the-art strategies for cell engineering and exosome engineering. Exosome isolation methods, including traditional and emerging approaches, are systematically compared along with advancements in characterization methods. Current challenges and future opportunities are further discussed in terms of the preparation and application of engineered exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mingzheng Shao
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
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4
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Mousavian Z, Fahimi-Kashani E, Nafisi V, Fahimi-Kashani N. Recent Advances in Development of Biosensors for Monitoring of Airborne Microorganisms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3722. [PMID: 39220332 PMCID: PMC11364924 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.399314.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The early detection of infectious microorganisms is crucial for preventing and controlling the transmission of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of biosensors based on various diagnostic methods for measuring airborne pathogens. Objective This article aims to explore recent advancements in the field of biosensors tailored for the detection and monitoring of airborne microorganisms, offering insights into emerging technologies and their potential applications in environmental surveillance and public health management. Materials and Methods The study summarizes the research conducted on novel methods of detecting airborne microorganisms using different biological sensors, as well as the application of signal amplification technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassay reactions, molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) technique, lectin and cascade reactions, and nanomaterials. Results Antibody and PCR detection methods are effective for specific microbial strains, but they have limitations including limited stability, high cost, and the need for skilled operators with basic knowledge of the target structure. Biosensors based on MIP and lectin offer a low-cost, stable, sensitive, and selective alternative to antibodies and PCR. However, challenges remain, such as the detection of small gas molecules by MIP and the lower sensitivity of lectins compared to antibodies. Additionally, achieving high sensitivity in complex environments poses difficulties for both methods. Conclusion The development of sensitive, reliable, accessible, portable, and inexpensive biosensors holds great potential for clinical and environmental applications, including disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and point-of-care testing, offering a promising future in this field. This review presents an overview of biosensor detection principles, covering component identification, energy conversion principles, and signal amplification. Additionally, it summarizes the research and applications of biosensors in the detection of airborne microorganisms. The latest advancements and future trends in biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavian
- Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Fahimi-Kashani
- Bachelor student, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer International University, Hamedan
| | - Vahidreza Nafisi
- Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Fahimi-Kashani
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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5
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Zhou X, Liu X, Zhao H, Guo G, Jiang X, Liu S, Sun X, Yang H. Research advances in microfluidic collection and detection of virus, bacterial, and fungal bioaerosols. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:132. [PMID: 38351367 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are airborne suspensions of fine solid or liquid particles containing biological substances such as viruses, bacteria, cellular debris, fungal spores, mycelium, and byproducts of microbial metabolism. The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the previous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza have increased the need for reliable and effective monitoring tools for bioaerosols. Bioaerosol collection and detection have aroused considerable attention. Current bioaerosol sampling and detection techniques suffer from long response time, low sensitivity, and high costs, and these drawbacks have forced the development of novel monitoring strategies. Microfluidic technique is considered a breakthrough for high performance analysis of bioaerosols. In recent years, several emerging methods based on microfluidics have been developed and reported for collection and detection of bioaerosols. The unique advantages of microfluidic technique have enabled the integration of bioaerosol collection and detection, which has a higher efficiency over conventional methods. This review focused on the research progress of bioaerosol collection and detection methods based on microfluidic techniques, with special attention on virus aerosols and bacterial aerosols. Different from the existing reviews, this work took a unique perspective of the targets to be collected and detected in bioaerosols, which would provide a direct index of bioaerosol categories readers may be interested in. We also discussed integrated microfluidic monitoring system for bioaerosols. Additionally, the application of bioaerosol detection in biomedicine was presented. Finally, the current challenges in the field of bioaerosol monitoring are presented and an outlook given of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guanqi Guo
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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Vosough P, Khatami SH, Hashemloo A, Tajbakhsh A, Karimi-Fard F, Taghvimi S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Soltani Fard E, Savardashtaki A, Movahedpour A. Exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117216. [PMID: 36592922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, these cancers are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages due to lack of reliable biomarkers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive in early disease. There has been growing evidence that circulating exosomes can be used to diagnose cancer non-invasively with limited risks and side effects. Furthermore, exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of promising biomarkers in cancer. This review provides an overview of the extraction and detection of exosomal lncRNAs with a focus on their potential role in GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Chen S, Sun Y, Fan F, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Meng X, Lin JM. Present status of microfluidic PCR chip in nucleic acid detection and future perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Wang J, Yang L, Wang H, Wang L. Application of Microfluidic Chips in the Detection of Airborne Microorganisms. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1576. [PMID: 36295928 PMCID: PMC9611547 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spread of microorganisms in the air, especially pathogenic microorganisms, seriously affects people's normal life. Therefore, the analysis and detection of airborne microorganisms is of great importance in environmental detection, disease prevention and biosafety. As an emerging technology with the advantages of integration, miniaturization and high efficiency, microfluidic chips are widely used in the detection of microorganisms in the environment, bringing development vitality to the detection of airborne microorganisms, and they have become a research highlight in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Microfluidic chips can be used for the detection and analysis of bacteria, viruses and fungi in the air, mainly for the detection of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, H1N1 virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus, Aspergillus niger, etc. The high sensitivity has great potential in practical detection. Here, we summarize the advances in the collection and detection of airborne microorganisms by microfluidic chips. The challenges and trends for the detection of airborne microorganisms by microfluidic chips was also discussed. These will support the role of microfluidic chips in the prevention and control of air pollution and major outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpei Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-Aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710077, China
- Applied Research Center for Life Science, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-Aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710077, China
- Applied Research Center for Life Science, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Hanghui Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
- Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an 710100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-Aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710077, China
- Applied Research Center for Life Science, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
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Liu M, Zhang M, Chen J, Yang R, Huang Z, Liu Z, Li N, Shui L. Liquid crystal-based optical aptasensor for the sensitive and selective detection of Gram-negative bacteria. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, Du L. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811971. [PMID: 35071216 PMCID: PMC8766409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable of transferring cell-specific constituents of the source cell to the recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact and pure exosomes samples is the first step to both exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer from operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes and low purity, posing significant challenges for exosomal downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, and affordable methods to isolate exosomes are crucial to carrying out relevant researches. In the last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies for exosome isolation and exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews have overviewed various methods, a compressive review including updated/improved methods for exosomal isolation is indispensable. Herein, we first overview exosomal properties, biogenesis, contents, and functions. Then, we briefly outline the conventional technologies and discuss the challenges of clinical applications of these technologies. Finally, we review emerging exosomal isolation strategies and large-scale GMP production of engineered exosomes to open up future perspectives of next-generation Exo-devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang Q. Review of microchip analytical methods for the determination of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Talanta 2021; 232:122410. [PMID: 34074400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain the principal cause of mortality worldwide, making the detection of pathogenic bacteria highly important, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli). Current E. coli detection methods are labour-intensive, time-consuming, or require expensive instrumentation, making it critical to develop new strategies that are sensitive and specific. Microchips are an automated analytical technique used to analyse food based on their separation efficiency and low analyte consumption, which make them the preferred method to detect pathogenic bacteria. This review presents an overview of microchip-based analytical methods for analysing E. coli, which were published in recent years. Specifically, this review focuses on current research based on microchips for the detection of E. coli and reviews the limitations of microchip-based methods and future perspectives for the analysis of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xianzhi Hu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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12
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Microchip for continuous DNA analysis based on gel electrophoresis coupled with co-injection of size markers and in-channel staining. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5685-5694. [PMID: 34345950 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A continuous-flow microchip enabling high-accuracy DNA analysis was developed. Serial consecutive analysis for multiple amplified DNA samples was demonstrated. The sample segments were continuously introduced to the microchip from the PCR device which was interfaced to the microchip through capillary tubing. Electrokinetic co-injection of the DNA samples with size marker enabled reproducible and reliable injection of the DNAs into the gel-filled separation channel providing accurate size determination of the DNA samples. Cross-contamination between serially introduced DNA samples was minimized by plugging a washing solution segment following the previous sample segment between two sample plugs. Using this microchip, continuous separation of multiple samples was performed without any inconvenient and labor-intensive sample preparation steps such as sample mixing, staining, and gel loading which are necessary for conventional gel electrophoresis. It has taken about 4 min to separate single DNA sample and taken 37 min for three serially injected samples which implies that this microchip can be a platform device for fast as well as highly accurate DNA analysis.
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13
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Wang L, Qi W, Liu Y, Essien D, Zhang Q, Lin J. Recent Advances on Bioaerosol Collection and Detection in Microfluidic Chips. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9013-9022. [PMID: 34160193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioaerosols containing pathogenic microorganisms have posed a great threat to human and animal health. Effective monitoring of bioaerosols containing pathogenic viruses and bacteria is of great significance to prevent and control infectious diseases. This Feature summarizes recent advances on bioaerosol collection and detection based on microfluidic chips. Besides, the challenges and trends for bioaerosol collection and detection were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Wuzhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Desmond Essien
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Huang F, Zhang Y, Lin J, Liu Y. Biosensors Coupled with Signal Amplification Technology for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:190. [PMID: 34207580 PMCID: PMC8227973 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne disease caused by foodborne pathogens is a very important issue in food safety. Therefore, the rapid screening and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens is of great significance for ensuring food safety. At present, many research works have reported the application of biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria. Thus, this review summarized the use of biosensors coupled with signal amplification technology for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, including (1) the development, concept, and principle of biosensors; (2) types of biosensors, such as electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, microfluidic biosensors, and so on; and (3) different kinds of signal amplification technologies applied in biosensors, such as enzyme catalysis, nucleic acid chain reaction, biotin-streptavidin, click chemistry, cascade reaction, nanomaterials, and so on. In addition, the challenges and future trends for pathogenic bacteria based on biosensor and signal amplification technology were also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Huang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhan Lin
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
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15
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Bhardwaj SK, Bhardwaj N, Kumar V, Bhatt D, Azzouz A, Bhaumik J, Kim KH, Deep A. Recent progress in nanomaterial-based sensing of airborne viral and bacterial pathogens. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106183. [PMID: 33113463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens are small microbes that can cause a multitude of diseases (e.g., the common cold, flu, asthma, anthrax, tuberculosis, botulism, and pneumonia). As pathogens are transmitted from infected hosts via a number of routes (e.g., aerosolization, sneezing, and coughing), there is a great demand to accurately monitor their presence and behavior. Despite such need, conventional detection methods (e.g., colony counting, immunoassays, and various molecular techniques) generally suffer from a number of demerits (e.g., complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive nature). To help overcome such limitations, nanomaterial-based biosensors have evolved as alternative candidates to realize portable, rapid, facile, and direct on-site identification of target microbes. In this review, nano-biosensors developed for the detection of airborne pathogens are listed and discussed in reference to conventional options. The prospects for the development of advanced nano-biosensors with enhanced accuracy and portability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160025, India
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Deepanshu Bhatt
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Akash Deep
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
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16
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Chen J, Li H, Xie H, Xu D. A novel method combining aptamer-Ag 10NPs based microfluidic biochip with bright field imaging for detection of KPC-2-expressing bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1132:20-27. [PMID: 32980107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The β-lactam drugs resistance poses a serious threat to human health throughout the world. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) is a carbapenemase that produced in bacteria can hydrolyze carbapenems, which typically considered as the antibiotics of last resort. Therefore, there is an urgent need to quickly and accurately detect whether bacteria express KPC-2. In this paper, a PDMS/glass microfluidic biochip integrated with aptamer-modified Ag10NPs nano-biosensors was developed for rapid, simple and specific pathogenic bacteria detection, more importantly, the biochip was combined with bright field imaging, then the captured bacteria could be observed and counted directly without using extra chemical labeling. KPC-2-expressing Escherichia coli (KPC-2 E.coli) was used as the target bacterium with a detected limit of 102 CFU and capture efficiency exceeded 90%. This method is remarkably specific towards KPC-2 E.coli over other non-resistant bacteria, and pathogen assay only takes ∼1 h to complete in a ready-to-use microfluidic biochip. Furthermore, the effective capture and fast counting of microfluidic biochip system demonstrates its potential for the rapid detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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17
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Kong TF, Shen X, Yang C, Ibrahim IH. Dielectrophoretic trapping and impedance detection of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Enterococci bacteria. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:054105. [PMID: 33101566 PMCID: PMC7561356 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a dielectrophoretic impedance measurement (DEPIM) lab-on-chip device for bacteria trapping and detection of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Enterococcus is presented. Through the integration of SU-8 negative photoresist as a microchannel and the precise alignment of the SU-8 microchannel with the on-chip gold interdigitated microelectrodes, bacteria trapping efficiencies of up to 97.4%, 97.7%, and 37.7% were achieved for E. coli, V. cholerae, and Enterococcus, respectively. The DEPIM device enables a high detection sensitivity, which requires only a total number of 69 ± 33 E. coli cells, 9 ± 2 Vibrio cholera cells, and 36 ± 13 Enterococcus cells to observe a discernible change in system impedance for detection. Nonetheless, the corrected limit of detection for Enterococcus is 95 ± 34 after taking into consideration the lower trapping efficiency. In addition, a theoretical model is developed to allow for the direct estimation of the number of bacteria through a linear relationship with the change in the reciprocal of the overall system absolute impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fook Kong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Xinhui Shen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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18
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Cai Q. A magneto-fluorescence bacteria assay strategy based on dual colour sulfide fluorescent nanoparticles with high near-IR conversion efficiency. Analyst 2020; 145:4436-4441. [PMID: 32469359 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Stokes fluorescence induced by near-IR (NIR) radiation is particularly advantageous for the bioassay of complex samples, but most of the commonly used NIR-induced fluorescence nanomaterials such as up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) do not exhibit satisfactory fluorescence intensity and work against achieving a highly sensitive bioassay. In this study, we a construct sensitive and specific bacteria biosensor based on the NIR-stimulated CaS: Eu, Sm, Mn and SrS: Ce, Sm, Mn nanoparticles. The fluorescent nanoparticles are conjugated with bacteria recognition fragments. In addition, the independent emission bands of these two types of fluorescent nanoparticles make it possible to detect and quantify Gram-positive strain and Gram-negative strain, simultaneously. Intense fluorescence and magnetic enrichment of magneto-fluorescence systems enable bacteria discrimination with the naked eye and improve sensitivity in trace bacteria detection (<20 CFU mL-1). The linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and bacterial concentration is established with a detection range of 25-106 CFU mL-1. Furthermore, this NIR-excited assay strategy demonstrates better anti-interference capability than UV/visible-excited assay methods, showing high potential and practical value for medical diagnostics and bacteria monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
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19
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Qiu G, Yue Y, Tang J, Zhao YB, Wang J. Total Bioaerosol Detection by a Succinimidyl-Ester-Functionalized Plasmonic Biosensor To Reveal Different Characteristics at Three Locations in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1353-1362. [PMID: 31909609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols consisting of biologically originated airborne particles such as microbes, metabolites, toxins, and fragments of microorganisms are present ubiquitously in our living environment. The international interests in bioaerosols have rapidly increased because of their many potential health effects. Thus, accurate and fast detection of total bioaerosols in different environments has become an important task for safeguarding against biological threats and broadening the pool of bioaerosol knowledge. To quickly evaluate the total bioaerosol concentration, we developed a localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on succinimidyl-ester-functionalized gold nanoislands (SEF-AuNIs) for quantitative bioaerosol detection. The detection limit of our proposed SEF-AuNI sensors for model bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis can go to 0.5119 and 1.69 cells/mL, respectively. To demonstrate the capability of this bioaerosol sensing technique, we tested aerosol samples collected from Bern (urban station), Basel (suburban station), and Rigi mountain (rural and high altitude station) in Switzerland and further investigated the correlation with endotoxin and PM10. The results substantiated that our SEF-AuNI sensors could be a reliable candidate for total bioaerosol detection and air quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Yang Yue
- Institute of Environmental Engineering , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Jiukai Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Yi-Bo Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
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20
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Zhu X, Liu B, Su S, Wang B, Bai Y, Huang H, Liu X, Cheng X, Wang X, Zhu L, Yang W, Gao N, Jing G, Guo Y. A "quasi" confocal droplet reader based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) cytometry for highly-sensitive and contamination-free detection. Talanta 2019; 206:120200. [PMID: 31514845 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly-sensitive and contamination-free droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is an enabling technology and widely needed for accurate quantification of nucleic acid in clinical applications. In this paper, a novel droplet reader was developed by combining a "quasi" confocal laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) cytometry with a delicate microfluidic chip design. The droplets with a size of 90 μm was illuminated at an out-of-focus position by two aligned laser beams to generate maximum fluorescent signal. Additionally, the lateral offset position of the microfluidic chip should be precisely tuned so that the bandwidth of the FAM and VIC channels were configured at the matching sizes. Then, PMT gain voltages and pneumatic pressures were optimized for better droplet detection efficiencies. An aerosol adsorption experiment was performed to demonstrate that there was no aerosol contamination, and detected copy numbers of both mutants and wild types scaled linearly with the expected input copy numbers (r2>0.998) with a LoB of 0.0 copies and LoD of 3.0 copies. The results demonstrated that this droplet reader with the delicate chip is a convenient, highly-sensitive and contamination-free to detect fluorescence signals inside droplets after ddPCR, which is highly promising for broad applications of ddPCR in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxia Liu
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Shisheng Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xin Cheng
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lingxiang Zhu
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- TargetingOne Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoshan Jing
- Department of Precision Instrument, School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Zhou W, Le J, Chen Y, Cai Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic devices for bacteria and fungus research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zhang D, Bi H, Liu B, Qiao L. Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Microfluidics Based Analytical Methods. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5512-5520. [PMID: 29595252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics based biochemical analysis shows distinctive advantages for fast detection of pathogenic microorganisms. This Feature summarizes the progress in the past decade on microfluidic methods for purification and detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses as well as their applications in food safety control, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
| | - Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , China 201306
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai , China 200433
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23
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Hao N, Li L, Tang F. Fabrication of Carbohydrate-Conjugated Fingerprintlike Mesoporous Silica Net for the Targeted Capture of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30683-30686. [PMID: 27934250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a rapid, straightforward, reliable, and low-cost strategy for targeted capture and detection of bacteria using carbohydrate-conjugated mesoporous silica structure was developed. Fingerprint-like mesoporous silica net (FMSN) with well-defined three-dimensional architecture and ordered morphology was first facilely synthesized by the aid of tetrabutylammonium iodine (TBAI) as cotemplates with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). When conjugated with maltoheptaose as targeting moiety, FMSN showed efficient and selective capturing capability of Staphylococcus epidermidis. This new and unique platform for capturing S. epidermidis is fast (within 18 min), high efficiency (greater than 98.6% from 1 × 103 CFU/mL to 1 × 108 CFU/mL), specific (compared to M. smegmatis mc2 155), and reusable (6 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Laifeng Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fangqiong Tang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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24
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Kim H, Suk S, Lim K, Park N, Hahn JH. Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Device for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Shinae Suk
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Kwanseop Lim
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Nokyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry; Myongji University; Gyeonggi-Do 449-728 South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
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25
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Jiang X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Jing W, Qin K, Sui G. Rapid Capture and Analysis of Airborne Staphylococcus aureus in the Hospital Using a Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7090169. [PMID: 30404341 PMCID: PMC6189950 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study we developed a microfluidic chip for the rapid capture, enrichment and detection of airborne Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The whole analysis took about 4 h and 40 min from airborne sample collection to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), with a detection limit down to about 27 cells. The process did not require DNA purification. The chip was validated using standard bacteria bioaerosol and was directly used for clinical airborne pathogen sampling in hospital settings. This is the first report on the capture and analysis of airborne S. aureus using a novel microfluidic technique, a process that could have a very promising platform for hospital airborne infection prevention (HAIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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26
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Parallel-processing continuous-flow device for optimization-free polymerase chain reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6751-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Jiang X, Jing W, Sun X, Liu Q, Yang C, Liu S, Qin K, Sui G. High-Throughput Microfluidic Device for LAMP Analysis of Airborne Bacteria. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Jiang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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28
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Jing W, Liu S, Zhang D, Sui G. First airborne pathogen direct analysis system. Analyst 2016; 141:1637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This is the first portable “sample to answer” system for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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29
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Qin L, Lin LX, Fang ZP, Yang SP, Qiu GH, Chen JX, Chen WH. A water-stable metal–organic framework of a zwitterionic carboxylate with dysprosium: a sensing platform for Ebolavirus RNA sequences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:132-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06697b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 3D Dy-based metal–organic framework (MOF) 1 was synthesized. Compound 1 can interact with the probe DNA to form a P-DNA@1 system. This system can be used as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for the detection of Ebolavirus RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Li-Xian Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Zhi-Ping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Shui-Ping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Gui-Hua Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
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Fronczek CF, Yoon JY. Biosensors for Monitoring Airborne Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:390-410. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215580935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cho S, Park TS, Nahapetian TG, Yoon JY. Smartphone-based, sensitive µPAD detection of urinary tract infection and gonorrhea. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:601-11. [PMID: 26190472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bacteria in urine can be used to monitor the onset or prognosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) and some sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea. Typically, bacteria's presence in urine is confirmed by culturing samples overnight on agar plates, followed by a microscopic examination. Additionally, the presence of Escherichia coli in a urine sample can be indirectly confirmed through assaying for nitrite (generated by reducing nitrate in urine), however this is not sufficiently specific and sensitive. Species/strains identification of bacteria in a urine sample provides insight to appropriate antibiotic treatment options. In this work, a microfluidic paper analytical device (µPAD) was designed and fabricated for evaluating UTI (E. coli) and STD (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) from human urine samples. Anti-E. coli or anti-N. gonorrhoeae antibodies were conjugated to submicron particles then pre-loaded and dried in the center of each paper microfluidic channel. Human urine samples (undiluted) spiked with E. coli or N. gonorrhoeae were incubated for 5 min with 1% Tween 80. The bacteria-spiked urine samples were then introduced to the inlet of paper microfluidic channel, which flowed through the channel by capillary force. Data confirms that proteins were not filtered by μPAD, which is essential for this assay. Urobilin, the component responsible for the yellow appearance of urine and green fluorescence emission, was filtered by μPAD, resulting in significantly minimized false-positive signals. This filtration was simultaneously made during the μPAD assay and no pretreatment/purification step was necessary. Antibody-conjugated particles were immunoagglutinated at the center of the paper channel. The extent of immunoagglutination was quantified by angle-specific Mie scatter under ambient lighting conditions, utilizing a smartphone camera as a detector. The total μPAD assay time was less than 30s. The detection limit was 10 CFU/mL for both E. coli and N. gonorrhoeae, while commercially available gonorrhea rapid kit showed a detection limit of 10(6) CFU/mL. A commercially available nitrite assay test strip also had a detection limit of 10(6) CFU/mL, but this method is not antibody-based and thus not sufficiently specific. By optimizing the particle concentration, we were also able to extend the linear range of the assay up to 10(7) CFU/mL. The proposed prototype will serve as a low-cost, point-of-care, sensitive urinalysis biosensor to monitor UTI and gonorrhea from human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Cho
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
| | - Tu San Park
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
| | - Tigran G Nahapetian
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA.
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Zheng L, Fu Y, Jiang X, Man S, Ran W, Feng M, Liu S, Cheng X, Sui G. Microfluidic system for high-throughput immunoglobulin-E analysis from clinical serum samples. Talanta 2015; 143:83-89. [PMID: 26078132 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and high-throughput analytical techniques for IgE that requires a small serum amount are very important, especially for pediatric patients. In these patients, blood is collected from veins, which is painful compared to fingertip blood collection. Herein, a novel microfluidic system capable of high-throughput parallel analyses of allergen-specific IgE from small amounts of patient serum was successfully developed. A six-plex immunoassay was constructed within a microfluidic chip, and the entire system was validated using samples from clinical patients. Major antigens from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis), cat (Felis domesticus), fungus (Cladosporium herbarum), ragweed (Humulus japonicas), and tree pollen (Platanus acerifolia) were used as analysis targets. Sample consumption decreased to <0.05 µL compared with the 480µL serum consumption by fluoroenzyme immunoassay (UniCAP system Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden), the 50 µL serum consumption by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), or the 1.5 µL serum consumption by conventional protein chip analysis. Analysis duration, reagent cost, and total cost for each measurement were also considerably decreased. The assay showed good accuracy and sensitivity toward the clinical samples. A significant correlation of allergen-specific IgE levels was found among the microfluidic assay, UniCAP system, and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Suqin Man
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Jalali-Heravi M, Arrastia M, Gomez FA. How Can Chemometrics Improve Microfluidic Research? Anal Chem 2015; 87:3544-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504863y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jalali-Heravi
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State
University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032-8202, United States
| | - Mary Arrastia
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State
University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032-8202, United States
| | - Frank A. Gomez
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State
University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032-8202, United States
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Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Hunziker PR. Towards nano-diagnostics for bacterial infections. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSensitive, specific and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is essential for effective and economic medical care. Focused medical treatment of the patient enabled by pathogen-specific diagnosis may benefit the patient, may reduce cost, and may minimize the risk of drug resistance development. The rapid progress in micro and nanotechnologies contributes to the development of novel diagnostic methods. This critical review assesses emerging nanotechnologies for diagnosis of bacterial infection in developed and developing countries on the background of the current state of the art and includes particular challenges and pitfalls posed by a number of specific pathogens.
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Xu J, Dong H, Shen W, He S, Li H, Lu Y, Wu ZS, Jia L. New molecular beacon for p53 gene point mutation and significant potential in serving as the polymerization primer. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:504-11. [PMID: 25500526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular beacon (MB) is usually explored as a convenient probe for various bioassays. In an enzymatic polymerization-based biosensing system, primer, and MB, sometimes involving other oligonucleotides, are often required to collaboratively generate an amplified fluorescent signal to detect target molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. In the current study, a multifunctional primer-integrated MB (MP-MB) was developed to detect the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Compared with the traditional MB, our MP-MB can not only selectively identify the target of interest and signal sensitively its hybridization event, but also act as the primer during enzymatic polymerization. Specifically, hybridization of MP-MB to target p53 gene restored the fluorescence intensity and activated the pre-locked primer designed by changing the molecular configuration of MP-MB. Moreover, the p53 gene could be detected down to 1nM with a linear response range of 1×10(-9)-3×10(-7)M, and p53 gene point mutation was readily distinguished from the wild-type one. Its potential application as a primer of replication in enzymatic polymerization-based assay systems was validated by running parallel gel electrophoreses in comparison with the native counterpart of MP-MB without any chemical modification. Owning to its excellent assay characteristics, less species requirement, broad sequence diversity and preserved intrinsic bioactivity, the proof-of-concept of MP-MB exhibits a great potential in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sudan He
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Recent developments in antibody-based assays for the detection of bacterial toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1325-48. [PMID: 24732203 PMCID: PMC4014736 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6041325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the urgent demand for rapid and accurate determination of bacterial toxins and the recent promising developments in nanotechnology and microfluidics, this review summarizes new achievements of the past five years. Firstly, bacterial toxins will be categorized according to their antibody binding properties into low and high molecular weight compounds. Secondly, the types of antibodies and new techniques for producing antibodies are discussed, including poly- and mono-clonal antibodies, single-chain variable fragments (scFv), as well as heavy-chain and recombinant antibodies. Thirdly, the use of different nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots (QDs) and carbon nanomaterials (graphene and carbon nanotube), for labeling antibodies and toxins or for readout techniques will be summarized. Fourthly, microscale analysis or minimized devices, for example microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip (LOC), which have attracted increasing attention in combination with immunoassays for the robust detection or point-of-care testing (POCT), will be reviewed. Finally, some new materials and analytical strategies, which might be promising for analyzing toxins in the near future, will be shortly introduced.
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