1
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Adedokun G, Alipanah M, Fan ZH. Sample preparation and detection methods in point-of-care devices towards future at-home testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3626-3650. [PMID: 38952234 PMCID: PMC11270053 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective healthcare, yet nearly half the global population lacks access to basic diagnostics. Point-of-care (POC) testing offers partial solutions by enabling low-cost, rapid diagnosis at the patient's location. At-home POC devices have the potential to advance preventive care and early disease detection. Nevertheless, effective sample preparation and detection methods are essential for accurate results. This review surveys recent advances in sample preparation and detection methods at POC. The goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of how these technologies can enhance at-home POC devices. Lateral flow assays, nucleic acid tests, and virus detection methods are at the forefront of POC diagnostic technology, offering rapid and sensitive tools for identifying and measuring pathogens, biomarkers, and viral infections. By illuminating cutting-edge research on assay development for POC diagnostics, this review aims to accelerate progress towards widely available, user-friendly, at-home health monitoring tools that empower individuals in personalized healthcare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Adedokun
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Morteza Alipanah
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Partipilo G, Bowman EK, Palmer EJ, Gao Y, Ridley RS, Alper HS, Keitz BK. Single-Cell Phenotyping of Extracellular Electron Transfer via Microdroplet Encapsulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598847. [PMID: 38915652 PMCID: PMC11195189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Electroactive organisms contribute to metal cycling, pollutant removal, and other redox-driven environmental processes. Studying this phenomenon in high-throughput is challenging since extracellular reduction cannot easily be traced back to its cell of origin within a mixed population. Here, we describe the development of a microdroplet emulsion system to enrich EET-capable organisms. We validated our system using the model electroactive organism S. oneidensis and describe the tooling of a benchtop microfluidic system for oxygen-limited processes. We demonstrated enrichment of EET-capable phenotypes from a mixed wild-type and EET-knockout population. As a proof-of-concept application, bacteria were collected from iron sedimentation from Town Lake (Austin, TX) and subjected to microdroplet enrichment. We observed an increase in EET-capable organisms in the sorted population that was distinct when compared to a population enriched in a bulk culture more closely akin to traditional techniques for discovering EET-capable bacteria. Finally, two bacterial species, C. sakazakii and V. fessus not previously shown to be electroactive, were further cultured and characterized for their ability to reduce channel conductance in an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) and to reduce soluble Fe(III). We characterized two bacterial species not previously shown to exhibit electrogenic behavior. Our results demonstrate the utility of a microdroplet emulsions for identifying putative EET-capable bacteria and how this technology can be leveraged in tandem with existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Partipilo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Emily K. Bowman
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Emma J. Palmer
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Yang Gao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Rodney S. Ridley
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Hal S. Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Benjamin K. Keitz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712
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3
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Kong X, Cheng L, Dong Z, Huang Y, Xue X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zang X, Qian H, Chang L, Wang Y. Rapid Cryptococcus electroporated-lysis and sensitive detection on a miniaturized platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116096. [PMID: 38316089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fast and accurate detection of Cryptococcus and precise differentiation of its subtypes is of great significance in protecting people from cryptococcal disease and preventing its spread in populations. However, traditional Cryptococcus identification and detection techniques still face significant challenges in achieving high analysis speed as well as high sensitivity. In this work, we report an electric microfluidic biochip. Compared to conventional methods that take several hours or even a day, this chip can detect Cryptococcus within 20 min, and achieve its maximum detection limit within 1 h, with the ability to differentiate between the Cryptococcus neoformans (NEO) and rare Cryptococcus gattii (GAT) efficiently, which accounts for nearly 100%. This device integrated two functional zones of an electroporation lysis (EL) zone for rapid cell lysis (<30 s) and an electrochemical detection (ED) zone for sensitive analysis of the released nucleic acids. The EL zone adopted a design of microelectrode arrays, which obtains a large electric field intensity at the constriction of the microchannel, addressing the safety concerns associated with high-voltage lysis. The device enables a limit of detection (LOD) of 60 pg/mL for NEO and 100 pg/mL for GAT through the modification of nanocomposites and specific probes. In terms of the detection time and sensitivity, the integrated microfluidic biochip demonstrates broad potential in Cryptococcus diagnosis and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Kong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yemei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China; Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yusen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuelei Zang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lingqian Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Pang X, Fu Q, Yang Y, Zhou C, Feng S, Gong K, Wang J, Zhou J. A low-voltage alternant direct current electroporation chip for ultrafast releasing the genome DNA of Helicobacter pylori bacterium. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:116. [PMID: 38291180 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid detection, as an important molecular diagnostic method, is widely used in bacterial identification, disease diagnosis. For detecting the nucleic acid of bacteria, the prerequisite is to release nucleic acids inside the bacteria. The common means to release nucleic acids is the chemical method, which involves complex processes, is time-consuming, and remains chemical inhibitors. Compared with chemical methods, electroporation as a physical method has the advantages of easy operation, short-time consumption, and chemical reagents free. However, the current works using electroporation often necessitates high-frequency or high-voltage conditions, entailing bulky power devices. Herein, we propose a low-voltage alternant direct current (LADC) electroporation chip and the corresponding miniature device for ultrafast releasing the genome DNA from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) for detection. We connected a micrometer-interdigital electrode in the chip with a 20 V portable battery to make the miniature device. Using this low-voltage device, our chip released genome DNA of H. pylori within only 5 ms, achieving a cell lysis rate of 99.5%. We further combined this chip with a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to visually detect H. pylori within ~ 25 min at 10 CFU/μL. We detected 11 clinical samples using the chip, and the detection results were consistent with those of the clinical standard. The results indicate that the LADC electroporation chip is useful for ultrafast release of genome DNA from bacteria and is expected to promote the development of nucleic acid detection in POCT and other scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Quanying Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuxiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shaoqiong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Keye Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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5
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Husseini AA, Yazdani AM, Ghadiri F, Şişman A. Developing a surface acoustic wave-induced microfluidic cell lysis device for point-of-care DNA amplification. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:e2300230. [PMID: 38187928 PMCID: PMC10765258 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a microchip device using surface acoustic waves (SAW) and sharp-edge glass microparticles to rapidly lyse low-level cell samples. This microchip features a 13-finger pair interdigital transducer (IDT) with a 30-degree focused angle, creating high-intensity acoustic beams converging 6 mm away at a 16 MHz frequency. Cell lysis is achieved through centrifugal forces acting on Candida albicans cells and glass particles within the focal area. To optimize this SAW-induced streaming, we conducted 42 pilot experiments, varying electrical power, droplet volume, glass particle size, concentration, and lysis time, resulting in optimal conditions: an electrical signal of 2.5 W, a 20 μL sample volume, glass particle size below 10 μm, concentration of 0.2 μg, and a 5-min lysis period. We successfully amplified DNA target fragments directly from the lysate, demonstrating an efficient microchip-based cell lysis method. When combined with an isothermal amplification technique, this technology holds promise for rapid point-of-care (POC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Husseini
- Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research CenterIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ali Mohammad Yazdani
- Mechanical Engineering ProgramFaculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Machine Program, Vocational SchoolNişantaşı UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fatemeh Ghadiri
- Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research CenterIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Computer EngineeringIstanbul University CerrahpaşaIstanbulTurkey
| | - Alper Şişman
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering ProgramFaculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM)Sabanci UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
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6
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Lee SM, Balakrishnan HK, Doeven EH, Yuan D, Guijt RM. Chemical Trends in Sample Preparation for Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT): A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37998155 PMCID: PMC10669371 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification testing facilitates the detection of disease through specific genomic sequences and is attractive for point-of-need testing (PONT); in particular, the early detection of microorganisms can alert early response systems to protect the public and ecosystems from widespread outbreaks of biological threats, including infectious diseases. Prior to nucleic acid amplification and detection, extensive sample preparation techniques are required to free nucleic acids and extract them from the sample matrix. Sample preparation is critical to maximize the sensitivity and reliability of testing. As the enzymatic amplification reactions can be sensitive to inhibitors from the sample, as well as from chemicals used for lysis and extraction, avoiding inhibition is a significant challenge, particularly when minimising liquid handling steps is also desirable for the translation of the assay to a portable format for PONT. The reagents used in sample preparation for nucleic acid testing, covering lysis and NA extraction (binding, washing, and elution), are reviewed with a focus on their suitability for use in PONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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7
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Trujillo RM, Almanza G, Sanchez-Saldaña D, Rosand Ø, Høydal M, Fernandino M, Dorao CA. In-droplet cell lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells via surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4773-4782. [PMID: 37822298 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several lysis methods are available, biomedical applications are pushing the demand for miniaturised systems and thus for new ways to lyse cells in small volumes. In this work, we demonstrate in-droplet cell lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells in 20 μL droplets using high frequency surface acoustic waves. The acoustic streaming leads to high shear flow creating porous or breaking the cell membrane and releasing intracellular material. Contrary to previous work where the lysis efficiency is measured by a cell-permeant dye that can be used to determine cell viability, here we propose to quantify the DNA extracted from the cells as a measure of the lysis efficiency. This reagent-free method provides a valuable cell lysis alternative for many biological and biomedical applications, particularly for the development of point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Trujillo
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - G Almanza
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - D Sanchez-Saldaña
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ø Rosand
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Fernandino
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - C A Dorao
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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8
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Xesfyngi Y, Georgoutsou-Spyridonos M, Tripathy A, Milionis A, Poulikakos D, Mastellos DC, Tserepi A. A High-Performance Antibacterial Nanostructured ZnO Microfluidic Device for Controlled Bacterial Lysis and DNA Release. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1276. [PMID: 37627695 PMCID: PMC10451374 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the antibacterial properties of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) surfaces are explored by incorporating them as walls in a simple-to-fabricate microchannel device. Bacterial cell lysis is demonstrated and quantified in such a device, which functions due to the action of its nanostructured ZnO surfaces in contact with the working fluid. To shed light on the mechanism responsible for lysis, E. coli bacteria were incubated in zinc and nanostructured ZnO substrates, as well as the here-investigated ZnO-based microfluidic devices. The unprecedented killing efficiency of E. coli in nanostructured ZnO microchannels, effective after a 15 min incubation, paves the way for the implementation of such microfluidic chips in the disinfection of bacteria-containing solutions. In addition, the DNA release was confirmed by off-chip PCR and UV absorption measurements. The results indicate that the present nanostructured ZnO-based microfluidic chip can, under light, achieve partial inactivation of the released bacterial DNA via reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage. The present device concept can find broader applications in cases where the presence of DNA in a sample is not desirable. Furthermore, the present microchannel device enables, in the dark, efficient release of bacterial DNA for downstream genomic DNA analysis. The demonstrated potential of this antibacterial device for tailored dual functionality in light/dark conditions is the main novel contribution of the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonni Xesfyngi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Patr. Gregoriou E’ and 27 Neapoleos Str., 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (Y.X.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Maria Georgoutsou-Spyridonos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Patr. Gregoriou E’ and 27 Neapoleos Str., 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (Y.X.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Abinash Tripathy
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.T.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Athanasios Milionis
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.T.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.T.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimitrios C. Mastellos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Patr. Gregoriou E’ and 27 Neapoleos Str., 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Tserepi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Patr. Gregoriou E’ and 27 Neapoleos Str., 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (Y.X.); (M.G.-S.)
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9
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Gebreyesus ST, Muneer G, Huang CC, Siyal AA, Anand M, Chen YJ, Tu HL. Recent advances in microfluidics for single-cell functional proteomics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1726-1751. [PMID: 36811978 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) reveals phenotypic heterogeneity by profiling individual cells, their biological states and functional outcomes upon signaling activation that can hardly be probed via other omics characterizations. This has become appealing to researchers as it enables an overall more holistic view of biological details underlying cellular processes, disease onset and progression, as well as facilitates unique biomarker identification from individual cells. Microfluidic-based strategies have become methods of choice for single-cell analysis because they allow facile assay integrations, such as cell sorting, manipulation, and content analysis. Notably, they have been serving as an enabling technology to improve the sensitivity, robustness, and reproducibility of recently developed SCP methods. Critical roles of microfluidics technologies are expected to further expand rapidly in advancing the next phase of SCP analysis to reveal more biological and clinical insights. In this review, we will capture the excitement of the recent achievements of microfluidics methods for both targeted and global SCP, including efforts to enhance the proteomic coverage, minimize sample loss, and increase multiplexity and throughput. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages, challenges, applications, and future prospects of SCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofani Tafesse Gebreyesus
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gul Muneer
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Asad Ali Siyal
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Mihir Anand
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Zhang J, Xue J, Luo N, Chen F, Chen B, Zhao Y. Microwell array chip-based single-cell analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1066-1079. [PMID: 36625143 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell profiling is key to uncover the cellular heterogeneity and drives deep understanding of cell fate. In recent years, microfluidics has become an ideal tool for single-cell profiling owing to its benefits of high throughput and automation. Among various microfluidic platforms, microwell has the advantages of simple operation and easy integration with in situ analysis ability, making it an ideal technique for single-cell studies. Herein, recent advances of single-cell analysis based on microwell array chips are summarized. We first introduce the design and preparation of different microwell chips. Then microwell-based cell capture and lysis strategies are discussed. We finally focus on advanced microwell-based analysis of single-cell proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. The challenges and opportunities for the development of microwell-based single-cell analysis are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xue
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Ningfeng Luo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Badong Chen
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and the College of Artificial Intelligence, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxi Zhao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
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11
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Zhao J, Li N, Zhou X, Yu Z, Lan M, Chen S, Miao J, Li Y, Li G, Yang F. Electrolysis of Bacteria Based on Microfluidic Technology. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:144. [PMID: 36677205 PMCID: PMC9864792 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a key step for studying the structure and function of proteins in cells and an important intermediate step in drug screening, cancer diagnosis, and genome analysis. The current cell lysis methods still suffer from limitations, such as the need for large instruments, a long and time-consuming process, a large sample volume, chemical reagent contamination, and their unsuitability for the small amount of bacteria lysis required for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. Therefore, a fast, chemical-free, portable, and non-invasive device needs to be developed. In the present study, we designed an integrated microfluidic chip to achieve E. coli lysis by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field and investigated the effects of voltage, frequency, and flow rate on the lysis. The results showed that the lysis efficiency of the bacteria was increased with a higher voltage, lower frequency, and lower flow rate. When the voltage was at 10 Vp-p, the lysis efficiency was close to 100%. The study provided a simple, rapid, reagent-free, and high-efficiency cleavage method for biology and biomedical applications involving bacteria lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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12
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Sun L, Lehnert T, Gijs MAM, Li S. Polydimethylsiloxane microstructure-induced acoustic streaming for enhanced ultrasonic DNA fragmentation on a microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4224-4237. [PMID: 36178361 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an essential technology for DNA identification in genomic research. DNA fragmentation is a critical step for NGS and doing this on-chip is of great interest for future integrated genomic solutions. Here we demonstrate fast acoustofluidic DNA fragmentation via ultrasound-actuated elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructures that induce acoustic streaming and associated shear forces when placed in the field of an ultrasonic transducer. Indeed, acoustic streaming locally generates high tensile stresses that can mechanically stretch and break DNA molecule chains. The improvement in efficiency of the on-chip DNA fragmentation is due to the synergistic effect of these tensile stresses and ultrasonic cavitation phenomena. We tested these microstructure-induced effects in a DNA-containing microfluidic channel both experimentally and by simulation. The DNA fragmentation process was evaluated by measuring the change in the DNA fragment size over time. The chip works well with both long and short DNA chains; in particular, purified lambda (λ) DNA was cut from 48.5 kbp to 3 kbp in one minute with selected microstructures and further down to 300 bp within two and a half minutes. The fragment size of mouse genomic DNA was reduced from 1.4 kbp to 400 bp in one minute and then to 200 bp in two and a half minutes. The DNA fragmentation efficiency of the chip equipped with the PDMS microstructures was twice that of the chip without the microstructures. Exhaustive comparison shows that the on-chip fragmentation performance reaches the level of high-end professional standards. Recently, DNA fragmentation was shown to be enhanced using vibrating air microbubbles when the chip was placed in an acoustic field. We think the microbubble-free microstructure-based device we present is easier to operate and more reliable, as it avoids microbubble preparation and maintenance, while showing high DNA fragmentation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
| | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China.
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13
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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14
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Wang F, Lin S, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Cao C, Wang Z, Cui D, Chen D. Recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation techniques for cell membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2624-2646. [PMID: 35775630 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a fundamental technique for applications in biotechnology. To date, the ongoing research on cell membrane electroporation has explored its mechanism, principles and potential applications. Therefore, in this review, we first discuss the primary electroporation mechanism to help establish a clear framework. Within the context of its principles, several critical terms are highlighted to present a better understanding of the theory of aqueous pores. Different degrees of electroporation can be used in different applications. Thus, we discuss the electric factors (shock strength, shock duration, and shock frequency) responsible for the degree of electroporation. In addition, finding an effective electroporation detection method is of great significance to optimize electroporation experiments. Accordingly, we summarize several primary electroporation detection methods in the following sections. Finally, given the development of micro- and nano-technology has greatly promoted the innovation of microfluidic-based electroporation devices, we also present the recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation devices. Also, the challenges and outlook of the electroporation technique for cell membrane electroporation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices (AEMD), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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15
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Pourabed A, Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil T, Devendran C, Nair P, Wood BR, Alan T. A star shaped acoustofluidic mixer enhances rapid malaria diagnostics via cell lysis and whole blood homogenisation in 2 seconds. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1829-1840. [PMID: 35380576 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by a parasite, which can be transmitted to humans through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This disease plagues a significant population of the world, necessitating the need for better diagnostic platforms to enhance the detection sensitivity, whilst reducing processing times, sample volumes and cost. A critical step in achieving improved detection is the effective lysis of blood samples. Here, we propose the use of an acoustically actuated microfluidic mixer for enhanced blood cell lysis. Guided by numerical simulations, we experimentally demonstrate that the device is capable of lysing a 20× dilution of isolated red blood cells (RBCs) with an efficiency of ∼95% within 350 ms (0.1 mL). Further, experimental results show that the device can effectively lyse whole blood irrespective of its dilution factor. Compared to the conventional method of using water, this platform is capable of releasing a larger quantity of haemoglobin into plasma, increasing the efficiency without the need for lysis reagents. The lysis efficiency was validated with malaria infected whole blood samples, resulting in an improved sensitivity as compared to the unlysed infected samples. Partial least squares-regression (PLS-R) analysis exhibits cross-validated R2 values of 0.959 and 0.98 from unlysed and device lysed spectral datasets, respectively. Critically, as expected, the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) value was significantly reduced in the acoustically lysed datasets (RMSECV of 0.97), indicating the improved quantification of parasitic infections compared to unlysed datasets (RMSECV of 1.48). High lysis efficiency and ultrafast processing of very small sample volumes makes the combined acoustofluidic/spectroscopic approach extremely attractive for point-of-care blood diagnosis, especially for detection of neonatal and congenital malaria in babies, for whom a heel prick is often the only option for blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pourabed
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Prasanna Nair
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Bayden R Wood
- Monash Centre for Biospectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tuncay Alan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Emaus MN, Cagliero C, Gostel MR, Johnson G, Anderson JL. Simple and efficient isolation of plant genomic DNA using magnetic ionic liquids. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:37. [PMID: 35321738 PMCID: PMC8943943 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant DNA isolation and purification is a time-consuming and laborious process relative to epithelial and viral DNA sample preparation due to the cell wall. The lysis of plant cells to free intracellular DNA normally requires high temperatures, chemical surfactants, and mechanical separation of plant tissue prior to a DNA purification step. Traditional DNA purification methods also do not aid themselves towards fieldwork due to the numerous chemical and bulky equipment requirements. RESULTS In this study, intact plant tissue was coated by hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and ionic liquids (ILs) and allowed to incubate under static conditions or dispersed in a suspension buffer to facilitate cell disruption and DNA extraction. The DNA-enriched MIL or IL was successfully integrated into the qPCR buffer without inhibiting the reaction. The two aforementioned advantages of ILs and MILs allow plant DNA sample preparation to occur in one minute or less without the aid of elevated temperatures or chemical surfactants that typically inhibit enzymatic amplification methods. MIL or IL-coated plant tissue could be successfully integrated into a qPCR assay without the need for custom enzymes or manual DNA isolation/purification steps that are required for conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS The limited amount of equipment, chemicals, and time required to disrupt plant cells while simultaneously extracting DNA using MILs makes the described procedure ideal for fieldwork and lab work in low resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda N. Emaus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Jared L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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17
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Sun L, Lehnert T, Li S, Gijs MAM. Bubble-enhanced ultrasonic microfluidic chip for rapid DNA fragmentation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:560-572. [PMID: 34989733 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation is an essential process in developing genetic sequencing strategies, genetic research, as well as for the diagnosis of diseases with a genetic signature like cancer. Efficient on-chip DNA fragmentation protocols would be beneficial to process integration and open new opportunities for microfluidics in genetic applications. Here we present an acoustic microfluidic chip comprising an array of ultrasound-actuated microbubbles located at dedicated positions adjacent to a channel containing the DNA sample solution. The efficiency of the on-chip DNA fragmentation process arises mainly from tensile forces generated by acoustic streaming near the oscillating bubble interfaces, as well as a synergistic effect of streaming stress and ultrasonic cavitation. Acoustic microstreaming and the pressure distribution in the DNA channel were assessed by finite element simulation. We characterized the bubble-enhanced effect by measuring gene fragment size distributions with respect to different ultrasound parameters. For optimized on-chip conditions, purified lambda (λ) DNA (48.5 kbp) could be disrupted to fragments with an average size of 2 kbp after 30 s and down to 300 bp after 90 s. Mouse genomic DNA (1.4 kbp) fragmentation size decreased to 500 bp in 30 s and reduced further to 250 bp in 90 s. Bubble-induced fragmentation was more than 3 times faster than without bubbles. On-chip performance and process yield were found to be comparable to a sophisticated high-end commercial system. In this view, our new bubble-enhanced microfluidic approach is a promising tool for current and next generation sequencing platforms with high efficiency and good capacity. Moreover, the availability of an efficient on-chip DNA fragmentation process opens perspectives for implementing full molecular protocols on a single microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
| | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, P. R. China
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland.
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18
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Hang Y, Boryczka J, Wu N. Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:329-375. [PMID: 34897302 PMCID: PMC9135580 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article deals with the concepts, principles and applications of visible-light and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in in vitro point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vivo bio-imaging. It has discussed how to utilize the biological transparency windows to improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio, and how to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify fluorescence and SERS signals. This article has highlighted some plasmonic fluorescence and SERS probes. It has also reviewed the design strategies of fluorescent and SERS sensors in the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly, it has provided perspectives on the integration of fluorescent and SERS sensors into microfluidic chips as lab-on-chips to realize point-of-care testing. It has also discussed the design of active microfluidic devices and non-paper- or paper-based lateral flow assays for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, this article has discussed the strategies to design in vivo NIR fluorescence and SERS bio-imaging platforms for monitoring physiological processes and disease progression in live cells and tissues. Moreover, it has highlighted the applications of POCT and bio-imaging in testing toxins, heavy metals, illicit drugs, cancers, traumatic brain injuries, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jennifer Boryczka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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19
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Lee D, Chan SSY, Aksic N, Bajalovic N, Loke DK. Ultralong-Time Recovery and Low-Voltage Electroporation for Biological Cell Monitoring Enabled by a Microsized Multipulse Framework. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35325-35333. [PMID: 34984264 PMCID: PMC8717367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term nondestructive monitoring of cells is of significant importance for understanding cell proliferation, cell signaling, cell death, and other processes. However, traditional monitoring methods are limited to a certain range of testing conditions and may reduce cell viability. Here, we present a microgap, multishot electroporation (M2E) system for monitoring cell recovery for up to ∼2 h using ∼5 V pulses and with excellent cell viability using a medium cell population. Electric field simulations reveal the bias-voltage- and gap-size-dependent electric field intensities in the M2E system. In addition to excellent transparency with low cell toxicity, the M2E system does not require specialized components, expensive materials, complicated fabrication processes, or cell manipulations; it just consists of a micrometer-sized pattern and a low-voltage square-wave generator. Ultimately, the M2E system can offer a long-term and nontoxic method of cell monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lee
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Sophia S. Y. Chan
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Nemanja Aksic
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Natasa Bajalovic
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Desmond K. Loke
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Office
of Innovation, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
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20
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A modular, reversible sealing, and reusable microfluidic device for drug screening. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339068. [PMID: 34711311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical tests for evaluating potential drug candidates using conventional protocols can be exhaustive and high-cost processes. Microfluidic technologies that can speed up this process and allow fast screening of drugs are promising alternatives. This work presents the design, concept, and operational conditions of a simple, modular, and reversible sealing microdevice useful for drug screening. This microdevice allows for the operation of 4 parallel simultaneous conditions and can also generate a diffusive concentration gradient in sextuplicates. We used laminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSLAM) and glass as building materials as proof of concept. The PDMSLAM parts can be reused since they can be easily sterilized. We cultured MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed to a doxorubicin diffusive concentration gradient for 3 h. They were monitored by automated microscopy, and after data processing, it was possible to determine cell viability as a function of doxorubicin concentration. The reversible sealing enabled the recovery of the tested cells and image acquisition. Therefore, this microdevice is a promising tool for drug screening that allows assessing the cellular behavior in dynamic conditions and the recovery of cells for afterward processing and imaging.
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21
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Nasrollahi F, Haghniaz R, Hosseini V, Davoodi E, Mahmoodi M, Karamikamkar S, Darabi MA, Zhu Y, Lee J, Diltemiz SE, Montazerian H, Sangabathuni S, Tavafoghi M, Jucaud V, Sun W, Kim H, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Micro and Nanoscale Technologies for Diagnosis of Viral Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100692. [PMID: 34310048 PMCID: PMC8420309 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The growth of globalization significantly increases the risk of virus spreading, making it a global threat to future public health. In particular, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak emphasizes the importance of devices and methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnosis of viral infections in the early stages by which their quick and global spread can be controlled. Micro and nanoscale technologies have attracted tremendous attention in recent years for a variety of medical and biological applications, especially in developing diagnostic platforms for rapid and accurate detection of viral diseases. This review addresses advances of microneedles, microchip-based integrated platforms, and nano- and microparticles for sampling, sample processing, enrichment, amplification, and detection of viral particles and antigens related to the diagnosis of viral diseases. Additionally, methods for the fabrication of microchip-based devices and commercially used devices are described. Finally, challenges and prospects on the development of micro and nanotechnologies for the early diagnosis of viral diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYazd BranchIslamic Azad UniversityYazd8915813135Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Sibel Emir Diltemiz
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceEskisehir Technical UniversityEskisehir26470Turkey
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | | | - Maryam Tavafoghi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
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22
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Ultrafast bacterial cell lysis using a handheld corona treater and loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Rocca M, Temiz Y, Salva ML, Castonguay S, Gervais T, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Rapid quantitative assays for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and hemoglobin combined on a capillary-driven microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3573-3582. [PMID: 34341817 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid tests for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are extremely important for determining G6PD deficiency, a widespread metabolic disorder which triggers hemolytic anemia in response to primaquine and tafenoquine medication, the most effective drugs for the radical cure of malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites. Current point-of-care diagnostic devices for G6PD are either qualitative, do not normalize G6PD activity to the hemoglobin concentration, or are very expensive. In this work we developed a capillary-driven microfluidic chip to perform a quantitative G6PD test and a hemoglobin measurement within 2 minutes and using less than 2 μL of sample. We used a powerful microfluidic module to integrate and resuspend locally the reagents needed for the G6PD assay and controls. We also developed a theoretical model that successfully predicts the enzymatic reactions on-chip, guides on-chip reagent spotting and allows efficient integration of multiple assays in miniaturized formats with only a few nanograms of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rocca
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Marie L Salva
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Samuel Castonguay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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24
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Takahashi H, Yasui T, Baba Y. Nanobiodevices for the Isolation of Circulating Nucleic Acid for Biomedical Applications. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Microfluidic electrical cell lysis for high-throughput and continuous production of cell-free varicella-zoster virus. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:19-26. [PMID: 34090951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the causative agent of varicella and herpes zoster, is highly cell-associated and spreads via cell-to-cell contact in tissue culture. The lack of cell-free VZV hampers studies on VZV biology as well as antiviral and vaccine development. In the present study, a poly(methylmethacrylate) microfluidic device integrated with arrays of microelectrode was fabricated to continuously electrolyse VZV-infected cells to produce cell-free viruses. By designing multiple constrictions and microelectrode arrays, a high electric field is focused on the constricted region of the microchannel to disrupt large numbers of virus-infected cells with high-throughput on a microfluidic platform. Plaque assay and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to quantify and characterize cell-free VZV produced using the microfluidic continuous-flow electrical cell lysis device. The process of microfluidic electrical cell lysis followed by subsequent filtration and virus concentration process yielded a 1.4-2.1 × 104 plaque-forming units (PFUs) per mL of cell-free VZV from 7.0 × 106 VZV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) cells. The high electric field formed inside a microfluidic channel combined with the continuous-flow of virus-infected cells within the microchannel enabled the rapid and efficient production of high-titer cell-free virus in large quantities with relatively low input of the voltage.
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Review of Microfluidic Methods for Cellular Lysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050498. [PMID: 33925101 PMCID: PMC8145176 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a process in which the outer cell membrane is broken to release intracellular constituents in a way that important information about the DNA or RNA of an organism can be obtained. This article is a thorough review of reported methods for the achievement of effective cellular boundaries disintegration, together with their technological peculiarities and instrumental requirements. The different approaches are summarized in six categories: chemical, mechanical, electrical methods, thermal, laser, and other lysis methods. Based on the results derived from each of the investigated reports, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques. Although the choice of a suitable method is highly dependent on the particular requirements of the specific scientific problem, we conclude with a concise table where the benefits of every approach are compared, based on criteria such as cost, efficiency, and difficulty.
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Sharafeldin M, Chen T, Ozkaya GU, Choudhary D, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS, Rusling JF. Detecting cancer metastasis and accompanying protein biomarkers at single cell levels using a 3D-printed microfluidic immunoarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112681. [PMID: 33096435 PMCID: PMC7666000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost microfluidic microarray capable of lysing cells and quantifying proteins released after lysis was designed and 3D-printed. The array lyses cells on-chip in lysis buffer augmented with a 2s pulse of a sonic cell disruptor. Detection of desmoglein 3 (DSG3), a metastatic biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with two accompanying HNSCC biomarkers from a single cell lysate of oral cancer cell cultures was demonstrated. A lysis chamber and reagent compartments deliver sample and reagents into detection chambers decorated with capture antibodies immobilized onto inner walls coated with a highly swollen 3D chitosan hydrogel film. Sandwich immunoassays are achieved when captured analytes labeled with biotinylated secondary antibodies, which then capture streptavidin-poly [horse radish peroxidase] (Poly-HRP). Subsequent delivery of super-bright femto-luminol with H2O2 generates chemiluminescence captured with a CCD camera. DSG3 is membrane-bound protein in HNSCC cells of invaded lymph nodes, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were positive controls overexpressed into the HNSCC culture medium. Beta-tubulin (β-Tub) was used as a loading control to estimate the number of cells in analyzed samples. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.10 fg/mL for DSG3, and 0.20 fg/mL for VEGF-A, VEGF-C and β-Tub. Three orders of magnitude semilogarithmic dynamic ranges were achieved. VEGF-A showed high in-cell expression, but VEGF-C had low levels inside cells. The very low LODs enabled quantifying these proteins released from single cells. Strong correlation between results from on-chip cell lysis, conventional off-line lysis and ELISA confirmed accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gulsum Ucak Ozkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | | | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology and Moores Cancer Center, Univ. of Calif. San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0012, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, Univ. Calif. San Diego, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0012, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Department of Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA; Institute of Material Science, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland; Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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28
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Liu L, Dong X, Tu Y, Miao G, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Wei Z, Yu D, Qiu X. Methods and platforms for analysis of nucleic acids from single-cell based on microfluidics. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:87. [PMID: 34580578 PMCID: PMC8457033 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-021-02485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell nucleic acid analysis aims at discovering the genetic differences between individual cells which is well known as the cellular heterogeneity. This technology facilitates cancer diagnosis, stem cell research, immune system analysis, and other life science applications. The conventional platforms for single-cell nucleic acid analysis more rely on manual operation or bulky devices. Recently, the emerging microfluidic technology has provided a perfect platform for single-cell nucleic acid analysis with the characteristic of accurate and automatic single-cell manipulation. In this review, we briefly summarized the procedure of single-cell nucleic acid analysis including single-cell isolation, single-cell lysis, nucleic acid amplification, and genetic analysis. And then, three representative microfluidic platforms for single-cell nucleic acid analysis are concluded as valve-, microwell-, and droplet-based platforms. Furthermore, we described the state-of-the-art integrated single-cell nucleic acid analysis systems based on the three platforms. Finally, the future development and challenges of microfluidics-based single-cell nucleic acid analysis are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yunping Tu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Guijun Miao
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zewen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Duli Yu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
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Paul R, Ostermann E, Wei Q. Advances in point-of-care nucleic acid extraction technologies for rapid diagnosis of human and plant diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112592. [PMID: 32942143 PMCID: PMC7476893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global health and food security constantly face the challenge of emerging human and plant diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens. Disease outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Swine Flu, Ebola, and COVID-19 (on-going) have caused suffering, death, and economic losses worldwide. To prevent the spread of disease and protect human populations, rapid point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnosis of human and plant diseases play an increasingly crucial role. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnosis reveals valuable information at the genomic level about the identity of the disease-causing pathogens and their pathogenesis, which help researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients to detect the presence of pathogens, track the spread of disease, and guide treatment more efficiently. A typical nucleic acid-based diagnostic test consists of three major steps: nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and amplicon detection. Among these steps, nucleic acid extraction is the first step of sample preparation, which remains one of the main challenges when converting laboratory molecular assays into POC tests. Sample preparation from human and plant specimens is a time-consuming and multi-step process, which requires well-equipped laboratories and skilled lab personnel. To perform rapid molecular diagnosis in resource-limited settings, simpler and instrument-free nucleic acid extraction techniques are required to improve the speed of field detection with minimal human intervention. This review summarizes the recent advances in POC nucleic acid extraction technologies. In particular, this review focuses on novel devices or methods that have demonstrated applicability and robustness for the isolation of high-quality nucleic acid from complex raw samples, such as human blood, saliva, sputum, nasal swabs, urine, and plant tissues. The integration of these rapid nucleic acid preparation methods with miniaturized assay and sensor technologies would pave the road for the "sample-in-result-out" diagnosis of human and plant diseases, especially in remote or resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Emily Ostermann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Snyder SA, Boban M, Li C, VanEpps JS, Mehta G, Tuteja A. Lysis and direct detection of coliforms on printed paper-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4413-4419. [PMID: 32959038 PMCID: PMC8496987 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coliforms are one of the most common families of bacteria responsible for water contamination. Certain coliform strains can be extremely toxic, and even fatal if consumed. Current technologies for coliform detection are expensive, require multiple complicated steps, and can take up to 24 hours to produce accurate results. Recently, open-channel, paper-based microfluidic devices have become popular for rapid, inexpensive, and accurate bioassays. In this work, we have created an integrated microfluidic coliform lysis and detection device by fabricating customizable omniphilic regions via direct printing of omniphilic channels on an omniphobic, fluorinated paper. This paper-based device is the first of its kind to demonstrate successful cell lysing on-chip, as it can allow for the flow and control of both high and low surface tension liquids, including different cell lysing agents. The fabricated microfluidic device was able to successfully detect E. coli, via the presence of the coliform-specific enzyme, β-galactosidase, at a concentration as low as ∼104 CFU mL-1. Further, E. coli at an initial concentration of 1 CFU mL-1 could be detected after only 6 hours of incubation. We believe that these devices can be readily utilized for real world E. coli contamination detection in multiple applications, including food and water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mathew Boban
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anish Tuteja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Pandian K, Ajanth Praveen M, Hoque SZ, Sudeepthi A, Sen AK. Continuous electrical lysis of cancer cells in a microfluidic device with passivated interdigitated electrodes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:064101. [PMID: 33163136 PMCID: PMC7609135 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a critical step in genomics for the extraction of cellular components of downstream assays. Electrical lysis (EL) offers key advantages in terms of speed and non-interference. Here, we report a simple, chemical-free, and automated technique based on a microfluidic device with passivated interdigitated electrodes with DC fields for continuous EL of cancer cells. We show that the critical problems in EL, bubble formation and electrode erosion that occur at high electric fields, can be circumvented by passivating the electrodes with a thin layer (∼18 μm) of polydimethylsiloxane. We present a numerical model for the prediction of the transmembrane potential (TMP) at different coating thicknesses and voltages to verify the critical TMP criterion for EL. Our simulations showed that the passivation layer results in a uniform electric field in the electrode region and offers a TMP in the range of 5-7 V at an applied voltage of 800 V, which is well above the critical TMP (∼1 V) required for EL. Experiments revealed that lysis efficiency increases with an increase in the electric field (E) and residence time (tr): a minimum E ∼ 105 V/m and tr ∼ 1.0 s are required for efficient lysis. EL of cancer cells is demonstrated and characterized using immunochemical staining and compared with chemical lysis. The lysis efficiency is found to be ∼98% at E = 4 × 105 V/m and tr = 0.72 s. The efficient recovery of genomic DNA via EL is demonstrated using agarose gel electrophoresis, proving the suitability of our method for integration with downstream on-chip assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Pandian
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M. Ajanth Praveen
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S. Z. Hoque
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A. Sudeepthi
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A. K. Sen
- Micro Nano Bio–Fluidics Unit, Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Zrehen A, Ohayon S, Huttner D, Meller A. On-chip protein separation with single-molecule resolution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15313. [PMID: 32943759 PMCID: PMC7498591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of both abundant and rare proteins hinges on the development of single-protein sensing methods. Given the immense variation in protein expression levels in a cell, separation of proteins by weight would improve protein classification strategies. Upstream separation facilitates sample binning into smaller groups while also preventing sensor overflow, as may be caused by highly abundant proteins in cell lysates or clinical samples. Here, we scale a bulk analysis method for protein separation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), to the single-molecule level using single-photon sensitive widefield imaging. Single-molecule sensing of the electrokinetically moving proteins is achieved by in situ polymerization of the PAGE in a low-profile fluidic channel having a depth of only ~ 0.6 µm. The polyacrylamide gel restricts the Brownian kinetics of the proteins, while the low-profile channel ensures that they remain in focus during imaging, allowing video-rate monitoring of single-protein migration. Calibration of the device involves separating a set of Atto647N-covalently labeled recombinant proteins in the size range of 14-70 kDa, yielding an exponential dependence of the proteins' molecular weights on the measured mobilities, as expected. Subsequently, we demonstrate the ability of our fluidic device to separate and image thousands of proteins directly extracted from a human cancer cell line. Using single-particle image analysis methods, we created detailed profiles of the separation kinetics of lysine and cysteine -labeled proteins. Downstream coupling of the device to single-protein identification sensors may provide superior protein classification and improve our ability to analyze complex biological and medical protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zrehen
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shilo Ohayon
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Diana Huttner
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Meller
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Simultaneous cell lysis and DNA extraction from whole blood using magnetic ionic liquids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8039-8049. [PMID: 32918171 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional DNA sample preparation methods involve tedious sample handling steps that require numerous inhibitors of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and instrumentation to implement. These disadvantages limit the applicability of conventional cell lysis and DNA extraction methods in high-throughput applications, particularly in forensics and clinical laboratories. To overcome these drawbacks, a series of nine hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) previously shown to preconcentrate DNA were explored as cell lysis reagents. The MILs were found to lyse white blood cells from whole blood, 2-fold diluted blood, and dry blood samples while simultaneously extracting human genomic DNA. The identity of metal ion incorporated within the MIL appears to cause hemolysis while the cationic component further reduces the cell's integrity. Over 500 pg of human genomic DNA was isolated from 50 μL of whole blood using the trioctylbenzylammonium tris(hexafluoroacetylaceto)nickelate(II) ([N8,8,8,Bz+][Ni(hfacac)3-]) MIL, and 800 pg DNA was isolated from a dry blood samples using the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(phenyltrifluoroacetylaceto)nickelate(II) ([P6,6,6,14+][Ni(Phfacac)3-]) MIL following a 1-min vortex step. A rapid, one-step cell lysis and DNA extraction from blood is ideal for settings that seek high-throughput analysis while minimizing the potential for contamination.Graphical abstract.
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Nucleic acid extraction: Fundamentals of sample preparation methodologies, current advancements, and future endeavors. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Ashtari B, Shams A, Esmaeilzadeh N, Tanbakooei S, Koruji M, Moghadam MJ, Ansari JM, Moghadam AJ, Shabani R. Separating mouse malignant cell line (EL4) from neonate spermatogonial stem cells utilizing microfluidic device in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:191. [PMID: 32448280 PMCID: PMC7245899 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some children who have survived cancer will be azoospermic in the future. Performing isolation and purification procedures for spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) is very critical. In this regard, performing the process of decontamination of cancerous cells is the initial step. The major objective of the present study is to separate the malignant EL4 cell line in mice and spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. METHODS The spermatogonial stem cells of sixty neonatal mice were isolated, and the procedure of co-culturing was carried out by EL4 which were classified into 2 major groups: (1) the control group (co-culture in a growth medium) and (2) the group of co-cultured cells which were separated using the microfluidic device. The percentage of cells was assessed using flow cytometry technique and common laboratory technique of immunocytochemistry and finally was confirmed through the laboratory technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The actual percentage of EL4 and SSC after isolation was collected at two outlets: the outputs for the smaller outlet were 0.12% for SSC and 42.14% for EL4, while in the larger outlet, the outputs were 80.38% for SSC and 0.32% for EL4; in the control group, the percentages of cells were 21.44% for SSC and 23.28% for EL4 (based on t test (p ≤ 0.05)). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that the use of the microfluidic device is effective in separating cancer cells from spermatogonial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ashtari
- Shahdad Ronak Commercialization Company, Pasdaran Street, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Tanbakooei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Mohajer Ansari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Johari Moghadam
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10040036. [PMID: 32294961 PMCID: PMC7236604 DOI: 10.3390/bios10040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings.
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Wang S, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Li J, Hoffmann MR. Electrochemical cell lysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: DNA extraction from environmental water samples. Electrochim Acta 2020; 338:135864. [PMID: 32255836 PMCID: PMC7063685 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell lysis is an essential step for the nucleic acid-based surveillance of bacteriological water quality. Recently, electrochemical cell lysis (ECL), which is based on the local generation of hydroxide at a cathode surface, has been reported to be a rapid and reagent-free method for cell lysis. Herein, we describe the development of a milliliter-output ECL device and its performance characterization with respect to the DNA extraction efficiency for gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) and gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus durans and Bacillus subtilis). Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were successfully lysed within a short but optimal duration of 1 min at a low voltage of ∼5 V. The ECL method described herein, is demonstrated to be applicable to various environmental water sample types, including pond water, treated wastewater, and untreated wastewater with DNA extraction efficiencies similar to a commercial DNA extraction kit. The ECL system outperformed homogeneous chemical lysis in terms of reaction times and DNA extraction efficiencies, due in part to the high pH generated at the cathode surface, which was predicted by simulations of the hydroxide transport in the cathodic chamber. Our work indicates that the ECL method for DNA extraction is rapid, simplified and low-cost with no need for complex instrumentation. It has demonstrable potential as a prelude to PCR analyses of waterborne bacteria in the field, especially for the gram-negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde+Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Enhanced chromosome extraction from cells using a pinched flow microfluidic device. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-0477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Xu X, Wang J, Wu L, Guo J, Song Y, Tian T, Wang W, Zhu Z, Yang C. Microfluidic Single-Cell Omics Analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903905. [PMID: 31544338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The commonly existing cellular heterogeneity plays a critical role in biological processes such as embryonic development, cell differentiation, and disease progress. Single-cell omics-based heterogeneous studies have great significance for identifying different cell populations, discovering new cell types, revealing informative cell features, and uncovering significant interrelationships between cells. Recently, microfluidics has evolved to be a powerful technology for single-cell omics analysis due to its merits of throughput, sensitivity, and accuracy. Herein, the recent advances of microfluidic single-cell omics analysis, including different microfluidic platform designs, lysis strategies, and omics analysis techniques, are reviewed. Representative applications of microfluidic single-cell omics analysis in complex biological studies are then summarized. Finally, a few perspectives on the future challenges and development trends of microfluidic-assisted single-cell omics analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tian Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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40
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Fung CW, Chan SN, Wu AR. Microfluidic single-cell analysis-Toward integration and total on-chip analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:021502. [PMID: 32161631 PMCID: PMC7060088 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various types of single-cell analyses are now extensively used to answer many biological questions, and with this growth in popularity, potential drawbacks to these methods are also becoming apparent. Depending on the specific application, workflows can be laborious, low throughput, and run the risk of contamination. Microfluidic designs, with their advantages of being high throughput, low in reaction volume, and compatible with bio-inert materials, have been widely used to improve single-cell workflows in all major stages of single-cell applications, from cell sorting to lysis, to sample processing and readout. Yet, designing an integrated microfluidic chip that encompasses the entire single-cell workflow from start to finish remains challenging. In this article, we review the current microfluidic approaches that cover different stages of processing in single-cell analysis and discuss the prospects and challenges of achieving a full integrated workflow to achieve total single-cell analysis in one device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Wang Fung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek Nga Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +852 3469-2577
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41
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Wang Z, Huang PH, Chen C, Bachman H, Zhao S, Yang S, Huang TJ. Cell lysis via acoustically oscillating sharp edges. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4021-4032. [PMID: 31720640 PMCID: PMC6934418 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic device for cell lysis using the acoustic streaming effects induced by acoustically oscillating sharp-edged structures. The acoustic streaming locally generates high shear forces that can mechanically rupture cell membranes. With the acoustic-streaming-derived shear forces, our acoustofluidic device can perform cell lysis in a continuous, reagent-free manner, with a lysis efficiency of more than 90% over a range of sample flow rates. We demonstrate that our acoustofluidic lysis device works well on both adherent and non-adherent cells. We also validate it using clinically relevant samples such as red blood cells infected with malarial parasites. Additionally, the unique capability of our acoustofluidic device was demonstrated by performing downstream protein analysis and gene profiling without additional washing steps post-lysis. Our device is simple to fabricate and operate while consuming a relatively low volume of samples. These advantages and other features including the reagent-free nature and controllable lysis efficiency make our platform valuable for many biological and biomedical applications, particularly for the development of point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Tony J Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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42
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Wimberger T, Peham JR, Ehmoser EK, Wassermann KJ. Controllable cell manipulation in a microfluidic pipette-tip design using capacitive coupling of electric fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3997-4006. [PMID: 31667478 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems designed toward cell manipulation by electric fields are inherently challenged by energy dissipation along the electrode-electrolyte interface. A promising remedy is the introduction of high-k electrode passivation, enabling efficient capacitive coupling of electric fields into biological samples. We present the implementation of this strategy in a reusable pipette tip design featuring a 10 μl chamber volume for life science applications. Prototype validation and comparison to conductive gold-coated electrodes reveal a consistent and controllable biological effect that significantly increases the reproducibility of lysis events. The system provides precise descriptions of HEK-293 lysis dependency to variables such as field strength, frequency, and conductivity. Over 80% of cells were reversibly electroporated with minimal electrical lysis over a broad range of field settings. Successful transfection requires exponential decay pulses and showcases how modulating capacitive coupling can advance our understanding of fundamental mechanics in the field of electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Wimberger
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria. and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes R Peham
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens J Wassermann
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Microfluidic Irreversible Electroporation-A Versatile Tool to Extract Intracellular Contents of Bacteria and Yeast. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100211. [PMID: 31574935 PMCID: PMC6835232 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamic behavior of cellular metabolism requires a standard laboratory method that guarantees rapid sampling and extraction of the cellular content. We propose a versatile sampling technique applicable to cells with different cell wall and cell membrane properties. The technique is based on irreversible electroporation with simultaneous quenching and extraction by using a microfluidic device. By application of electric pulses in the millisecond range, permanent lethal pores are formed in the cell membrane of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, facilitating the release of the cellular contents; here demonstrated by the measurement of glucose-6-phosphate and the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The successful application of this device was demonstrated by pulsed electric field treatment in a flow-through configuration of the microfluidic chip in combination with sampling, inactivation, and extraction of the intracellular content in a few seconds. Minimum electric field strengths of 10 kV/cm for E. coli and 7.5 kV/cm for yeast S. cerevisiae were required for successful cell lysis. The results are discussed in the context of applications in industrial biotechnology, where metabolomics analyses are important.
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44
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Phan HP, Masud MK, Vadivelu RK, Dinh T, Nguyen TK, Ngo K, Dao DV, Shiddiky MJA, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Nguyen NT. Transparent crystalline cubic SiC-on-glass electrodes enable simultaneous electrochemistry and optical microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7978-7981. [PMID: 31225573 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work presents crystalline SiC-on-glass as a transparent, robust, and optically stable electrode for simultaneous electrochemical characterization and optical microscope imaging. Experimental results show a large potential window, as well as excellent stability and repeatability over multiple cyclic voltammetric scans in common redox biomarkers such as ruthenium hexaammine and methylene blue. The high optical transmittance and biocompatibility of SiC-on-glass were also observed, enabling cell culture, electrical stimulation, and high resolution fluorescence imaging. This new platform opens exciting opportunities in multi-functional biosensing-probes and observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Qld, Australia.
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45
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Singh K, Gupta A, Buchner AJ, Ibis F, Pronk JW, Tam D, Eral HB. Analysis of centrifugal homogenization and its applications for emulsification & mechanical cell lysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Paul R, Saville AC, Hansel JC, Ye Y, Ball C, Williams A, Chang X, Chen G, Gu Z, Ristaino JB, Wei Q. Extraction of Plant DNA by Microneedle Patch for Rapid Detection of Plant Diseases. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6540-6549. [PMID: 31179687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In-field molecular diagnosis of plant diseases via nucleic acid amplification is currently limited by cumbersome protocols for extracting and isolating pathogenic DNA from plant tissues. To address this challenge, a rapid plant DNA extraction method was developed using a disposable polymeric microneedle (MN) patch. By applying MN patches on plant leaves, amplification-assay-ready DNA can be extracted within a minute from different plant species. MN-extracted DNA was used for direct polymerase chain reaction amplification of plant plastid DNA without purification. Furthermore, using this patch device, extraction of plant pathogen DNA ( Phytophthora infestans) from both laboratory-inoculated and field-infected leaf samples was performed for detection of late blight disease in tomato. MN extraction achieved 100% detection rate of late blight infections for samples after 3 days of inoculation when compared to the conventional gold standard cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based DNA extraction method and 100% detection rate for all blind field samples tested. This simple, cell-lysis-free, and purification-free DNA extraction method could be a transformative approach to facilitate rapid sample preparation for molecular diagnosis of various plant diseases directly in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | | | | | - Xinyuan Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P.R. China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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47
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Hubbe H, Mendes E, Boukany PE. Polymeric Nanowires for Diagnostic Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040225. [PMID: 30934898 PMCID: PMC6523414 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanowire-related research has shown considerable progress over the last decade. The wide variety of materials and the multitude of well-established chemical modifications have made polymer nanowires interesting as a functional part of a diagnostic biosensing device. This review provides an overview of relevant publications addressing the needs for a nanowire-based sensor for biomolecules. Working our way towards the detection methods itself, we review different nanowire fabrication methods and materials. Especially for an electrical signal read-out, the nanowire should persist in a single-wire configuration with well-defined positioning. Thus, the possibility of the alignment of nanowires is discussed. While some fabrication methods immanently yield an aligned single wire, other methods result in disordered structures and have to be manipulated into the desired configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hubbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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48
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Cruz J, Graells T, Walldén M, Hjort K. Inertial focusing with sub-micron resolution for separation of bacteria. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1257-1266. [PMID: 30821308 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study inertial focusing in curved channels and demonstrate the alignment of particles with diameters between 0.5 and 2.0 μm, a range of biological relevance since it comprises a multitude of bacteria and organelles of eukaryotic cells. The devices offer very sensitive control over the equilibrium positions and allow two modes of operation. In the first, particles having a large variation in size are focused and concentrated together. In the second, the distribution spreads in a range of sizes achieving separation with sub-micron resolution. These systems were validated with three bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae) showing good alignment while maintaining the viability in all cases. The experiments also revealed that the particles follow a helicoidal trajectory to reach the equilibrium positions, similar to the fluid streamlines simulated in COMSOL, implying that these positions occupy different heights in the cross section. When the equilibrium positions move to the inner wall as the flow rate increases, they are at a similar distance from the centre than in straight channels (∼0.6R), but when the equilibrium positions move to the outer wall as the flow rate increases, they are closer to the centre and the particles pass close to the inner wall to elevate their position before reaching them. These observations were used along with COMSOL simulations to explain the mechanism behind the local force balance and the migration of particles, which we believe contributes to further understanding of the phenomenon. Hopefully, this will make designing more intuitive and reduce the high pressure demands, enabling manipulation of particles much smaller than a micrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cruz
- Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratoriet, Uppsala, Sweden.
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49
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Yasui T, Yanagida T, Shimada T, Otsuka K, Takeuchi M, Nagashima K, Rahong S, Naito T, Takeshita D, Yonese A, Magofuku R, Zhu Z, Kaji N, Kanai M, Kawai T, Baba Y. Engineering Nanowire-Mediated Cell Lysis for Microbial Cell Identification. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2262-2273. [PMID: 30758938 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have demonstrated great promise for inorganic nanowire use in analyzing cells or intracellular components. Although a stealth effect of nanowires toward cell surfaces allows preservation of the living intact cells when analyzing cells, as a completely opposite approach, the applicability to analyze intracellular components through disrupting cells is also central to understanding cellular information. However, the reported lysis strategy is insufficient for microbial cell lysis due to the cell robustness and wrong approach taken so far ( i. e., nanowire penetration into a cell membrane). Here we propose a nanowire-mediated lysis method for microbial cells by introducing the rupture approach initiated by cell membrane stretching; in other words, the nanowires do not penetrate the membrane, but rather they break the membrane between the nanowires. Entangling cells with the bacteria-compatible and flexible nanowires and membrane stretching of the entangled cells, induced by the shear force, play important roles for the nanowire-mediated lysis to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast cells. Additionally, the nanowire-mediated lysis is readily compatible with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method because the lysis is triggered by simply introducing the microbial cells. We show that an integration of the nanowire-mediated lysis with LAMP provides a means for a simple, rapid, one-step identification assay (just introducing a premixed solution into a device), resulting in visual chromatic identification of microbial cells. This approach allows researchers to develop a microfluidic analytical platform not only for microbial cell identification including drug- and heat-resistance cells but also for on-site detection without any contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yasui
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka-cho , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Sakon Rahong
- College of Nanotechnology , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Chalongkrung Rd. , Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 , Thailand
| | - Toyohiro Naito
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Zetao Zhu
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Moto-oka 744 , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Tomoji Kawai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka-cho , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Health Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu 761-0395 , Japan
- College of Pharmacy , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , 80708 Kaohsiung City , Taiwan , R.O.C
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50
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Wei XY, Li JH, Wang L, Yang F. Low-voltage electrical cell lysis using a microfluidic device. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:22. [PMID: 30790126 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis, where cellular material is released, is the basis for the separation and purification of cell contents, biochemical analysis, and other related experiments. It is also a key step in molecular, real-time, and cancer diagnoses as well as in the drug screening of pathogens. The current methods of lysing cells have several limitations, such as damage to the activity of cellular components, the need for a large number of cell samples, time-consuming processes, and the danger of high voltage. Therefore, a simple, fast, and efficient method for the manipulation of micro-volume cells or for single cell lysis is significant for further scientific research and practical application. In this study, a new low-voltage controllable method for cell lysis was established, and a corresponding microfluidic chip was developed. Simple, efficient and rapid micro-volume cells and single cell lysis were successfully achieved under a low-voltage alternating current with a voltage of 16 Vp-p and frequency of 10 kHz. The lysis process was investigated in detail by separately labelling the whole cell, cytoplasm, and nucleus using fluorescent proteins, which indicated that the whole cell was completely lysed. Analysis of voltage and frequency effects revealed that a higher voltage and optimized frequency enhanced the cell lysis efficiency. The presented study provides a new strategy for the lysis of micro-volume cells or a single cell, which is valuable for on-chip real-time diagnostics and point of care (POC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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