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Chuong P, Statsyuk A. Selective Smurf1 E3 ligase inhibitors that prevent transthiolation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.14.562361. [PMID: 37873387 PMCID: PMC10592800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.14.562361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Smurf1 is a HECT E3 ligase that is genetically micro-duplicated in human patients and is associated with osteoporosis. Smurf1 -/- mice on the other hand show an increase in bone density as they age, while being viable and fertile. Therefore, Smurf1 is a promising drug target to treat osteoporosis. This paper reports the discovery, synthesis, and biochemical characterization of highly selective Smurf1 inhibitors. We show that these compounds inhibit the catalytic HECT domain of Smurf1 with 500 nM IC 50 , but they do not inhibit closely related Smurf2 ligase, which is 80% identical to Smurf1. We show that Smurf1 inhibitors act by preventing the trans-thiolation reaction between Smurf1 and E2∼Ub thioesters. Our preliminary studies show that the C-lobe of Smurf1 alone does not contribute to the observed high selectivity of Smurf1 inhibitors.
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Iwase R, Dempsey DR, Whedon SD, Jiang H, Palanski BA, Deng B, Cole PA. Semisynthetic Approach to the Analysis of Tumor Suppressor PTEN Ubiquitination. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6039-6044. [PMID: 36897111 PMCID: PMC10071500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) tumor suppressor protein is a PIP3 lipid phosphatase that is subject to multifaceted post-translational modifications. One such modification is the monoubiquitination of Lys13 that may alter its cellular localization but is also positioned in a manner that could influence several of its cellular functions. To explore the regulatory influence of ubiquitin on PTEN's biochemical properties and its interaction with ubiquitin ligases and a deubiquitinase, the generation of a site-specifically and stoichiometrically ubiquitinated protein could be beneficial. Here, we describe a semisynthetic method that relies upon sequential expressed protein ligation steps to install ubiquitin at a Lys13 mimic in near full-length PTEN. This approach permits the concurrent installation of C-terminal modifications in PTEN, thereby facilitating an analysis of the interplay between N-terminal ubiquitination and C-terminal phosphorylation. We find that the N-terminal ubiquitination of PTEN inhibits its enzymatic function, reduces its binding to lipid vesicles, modulates its processing by NEDD4-1 E3 ligase, and is efficiently cleaved by the deubiquitinase, USP7. Our ligation approach should motivate related efforts for uncovering the effects of ubiquitination of complex proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Iwase
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel R. Dempsey
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Dermatology and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Samuel D. Whedon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brad A. Palanski
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bedphiny Deng
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Philip A. Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Prescott L. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro whole human proteome cleavage prediction and enrichment/depletion analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107671. [PMID: 35429835 PMCID: PMC8958254 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has devastated the globe as a pandemic that has killed millions of people. Widespread vaccination is still uncertain, so many scientific efforts have been directed toward discovering antiviral treatments. Many drugs are being investigated to inhibit the coronavirus main protease, 3CLpro, from cleaving its viral polyprotein, but few publications have addressed this protease’s interactions with the host proteome or their probable contribution to virulence. Too few host protein cleavages have been experimentally verified to fully understand 3CLpro’s global effects on relevant cellular pathways and tissues. Here, I set out to determine this protease’s targets and corresponding potential drug targets. Using a neural network trained on cleavages from 392 coronavirus proteomes with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.985, I predict that a large proportion of the human proteome is vulnerable to 3CLpro, with 4898 out of approximately 20,000 human proteins containing at least one putative cleavage site. These cleavages are nonrandomly distributed and are enriched in the epithelium along the respiratory tract, brain, testis, plasma, and immune tissues and depleted in olfactory and gustatory receptors despite the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients. Affected cellular pathways include cytoskeleton/motor/cell adhesion proteins, nuclear condensation and other epigenetics, host transcription and RNAi, ribosomal stoichiometry and nascent-chain detection and degradation, ubiquitination, pattern recognition receptors, coagulation, lipoproteins, redox, and apoptosis. This whole proteome cleavage prediction demonstrates the importance of 3CLpro in expected and nontrivial pathways affecting virulence, lead me to propose more than a dozen potential therapeutic targets against coronaviruses, and should therefore be applied to all viral proteases and subsequently experimentally verified.
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Yang CW, Lee YZ, Hsu HY, Zhao GH, Lee SJ. Tyrphostin AG1024 Suppresses Coronaviral Replication by Downregulating JAK1 via an IR/IGF-1R Independent Proteolysis Mediated by Ndfip1/2_NEDD4-like E3 Ligase Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020241. [PMID: 35215353 PMCID: PMC8874713 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK1 depletion or downregulation was previously reported to account for coronavirus inhibition. Here, we found that AG1024, an IR (insulin receptor) and IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) inhibitor, diminishes JAK1 protein levels and exerts anti-coronaviral activities with EC50 values of 5.2 ± 0.3 μM against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) and 4.3 ± 0.3 μM against human flu coronavirus OC43. However, although the IR and IGF-1R signaling pathways are activated by insulin or IGF-1 in swine testis cells, they are not triggered upon TGEV infection. AG1024, therefore, inhibits coronaviral replication and downregulates JAK1 protein levels independently of IR and IGF-1R. Moreover, JAK1 proteolysis caused by AG1024 was found through activation of upstream Ndfip1/2 and its effector NEDD4-like E3 ligase Itch. In addition, ouabain, which was reported to mediate JAK1 proteolysis causing anti-coronaviral activity by activation of Ndfip1/2 and NEDD4 E3 ligase, additively inhibited anti-coronaviral activity and JAK1 diminishment in combination with AG1024. This study provides novel insights into the pharmacological effects of AG1024 and Itch E3 ligase mediated JAK1 proteolysis and identified Ndfip1/2 as a cognate effector for JAK1 proteolysis via the diversified E3 ligases NEDD4 and NEDD4-like Itch. These findings are expected to provide valued information for the future development of anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-24-6166 (ext. 35715); Fax: +886-37-58-6456
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Nuro-Gyina PK, Tang N, Guo H, Yan C, Zeng Q, Waldschmidt TJ, Zhang J. HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4 Is Required for Antifungal Innate Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:868-877. [PMID: 34282001 PMCID: PMC8324540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans, and disseminated candidiasis has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections with a high mortality rate. However, little is known about the host-pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Here, we report that Nedd4 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4) is essential for signaling through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2/3. We showed that mice that lack Nedd4 globally or only in the myeloid compartment are highly susceptible to systemic C. albicans infection, which correlates with heightened organ fungal burden, defective inflammatory response, impaired leukocyte recruitment to the kidneys, and defective reactive oxygen species expression by granulocytes. At the molecular level, Nedd4 -/- macrophages displayed impaired activation of TGF-β-activating kinase-1 and NF-κB, but normal activation of spleen tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C-δ on C. albicans yeast and hyphal infections. These data suggest that Nedd4 regulates signaling events downstream of protein kinase C-δ but upstream of or at TGF-β-activating kinase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengkai Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Rawson ES, Forero DA, Stout JR, Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Kreider RB. A Convergent Functional Genomics Analysis to Identify Biological Regulators Mediating Effects of Creatine Supplementation. Nutrients 2021; 13:2521. [PMID: 34444681 PMCID: PMC8397972 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) are physiologically essential molecules for life, given they serve as rapid and localized support of energy- and mechanical-dependent processes. This evolutionary advantage is based on the action of creatine kinase (CK) isozymes that connect places of ATP synthesis with sites of ATP consumption (the CK/PCr system). Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CrM) can enhance this system, resulting in well-known ergogenic effects and potential health or therapeutic benefits. In spite of our vast knowledge about these molecules, no integrative analysis of molecular mechanisms under a systems biology approach has been performed to date; thus, we aimed to perform for the first time a convergent functional genomics analysis to identify biological regulators mediating the effects of Cr supplementation in health and disease. A total of 35 differentially expressed genes were analyzed. We identified top-ranked pathways and biological processes mediating the effects of Cr supplementation. The impact of CrM on miRNAs merits more research. We also cautiously suggest two dose-response functional pathways (kinase- and ubiquitin-driven) for the regulation of the Cr uptake. Our functional enrichment analysis, the knowledge-based pathway reconstruction, and the identification of hub nodes provide meaningful information for future studies. This work contributes to a better understanding of the well-reported benefits of Cr in sports and its potential in health and disease conditions, although further clinical research is needed to validate the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia;
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia;
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Professional Program in Sport Training, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA;
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Estadella I, Pedrós-Gámez O, Colomer-Molera M, Bosch M, Sorkin A, Felipe A. Endocytosis: A Turnover Mechanism Controlling Ion Channel Function. Cells 2020; 9:E1833. [PMID: 32759790 PMCID: PMC7463639 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels (IChs) are transmembrane proteins that selectively drive ions across membranes. The function of IChs partially relies on their abundance and proper location in the cell, fine-tuned by the delicate balance between secretory, endocytic, and degradative pathways. The disruption of this balance is associated with several diseases, such as Liddle's and long QT syndromes. Because of the vital role of these proteins in human health and disease, knowledge of ICh turnover is essential. Clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms have been the primary mechanisms identified with ICh endocytosis and degradation. Several molecular determinants recognized by the cellular internalization machinery have been discovered. Moreover, specific conditions can trigger the endocytosis of many IChs, such as the activation of certain receptors, hypokalemia, and some drugs. Ligand-dependent receptor activation primarily results in the posttranslational modification of IChs and the recruitment of important mediators, such as β-arrestins and ubiquitin ligases. However, endocytosis is not a final fate. Once internalized into endosomes, IChs are either sorted to lysosomes for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. Rab proteins are crucial participants during these turnover steps. In this review, we describe the major ICh endocytic pathways, the signaling inputs triggering ICh internalization, and the key mediators of this essential cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Oriol Pedrós-Gámez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Magalí Colomer-Molera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Manel Bosch
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.E.); (O.P.-G.); (M.C.-M.); (M.B.)
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8
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Activation of c-Jun by human cytomegalovirus UL42 through JNK activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232635. [PMID: 32369499 PMCID: PMC7199950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a major component of the AP-1 transactivator complex. In this report, we demonstrated that AP-1 was activated by the expression of UL42, a human cytomegalovirus-encoded membrane protein that has two PPXY (PY) motifs and a C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD). Although UL42 interacts with Itch, an ubiquitin E3 ligase, through the PY motifs, UL42 phosphorylated c-Jun and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the absence of any interaction with Itch. Experiments using mutated versions of UL42 suggest the importance of the carboxyl half (a.a. 52–124) of UL42 for the activation of the JNK signaling, while C-terminal TMD alone is not sufficient. Thus, we hypothesize that UL42 plays a role in the activation of JNK signaling in HCMV-infected cells. (118 words).
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9
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Evidence that melatonin downregulates Nedd4-1 E3 ligase and its role in cellular survival. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Tracing Potential Covalent Inhibitors of an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase through Target-Focused Modelling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173125. [PMID: 31466292 PMCID: PMC6749425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nedd4-1 E3 Ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in multiple disease conditions due its overexpression. Although the enzyme may be targeted both covalently and non-covalently, minimal studies provide effective inhibitors against it. Recently, research has focused on covalent inhibitors based on their characteristic, highly-selective warheads and ability to prevent drug resistance. This prompted us to screen for new covalent inhibitors of Nedd4-1 using a combination of computational approaches. However, this task proved challenging due to the limited number of electrophilic moieties available in virtual libraries. Therefore, we opted to divide an existing covalent Nedd4-1 inhibitor into two parts: a non-covalent binding group and a pre-selected α, β-unsaturated ester that forms the covalent linkage with the protein. A non-covalent pharmacophore model was built based on molecular interactions at the binding site. The pharmacophore was then subjected to virtual screening to identify structurally similar hit compounds. Multiple filtrations were implemented prior to selecting four hits, which were validated with a covalent conjugation and later assessed by molecular dynamic simulations. The results showed that, of the four hit molecules, Zinc00937975 exhibited advantageous molecular groups, allowing for favourable interactions with one of the characteristic cysteine residues. Predictive pharmacokinetic analysis further justified the compound as a potential lead molecule, prompting its recommendation for confirmatory biological evaluation. Our inhouse, refined, pharmacophore model approach serves as a robust method that will encourage screening for novel covalent inhibitors in drug discovery.
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Bjij I, Khan S, Betz R, Cherqaoui D, Soliman MES. Exploring the Structural Mechanism of Covalently Bound E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Catalytic or Allosteric Inhibition? Protein J 2019; 37:500-509. [PMID: 30232697 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent inhibition has recently gained a resurgence of interest in several drug discovery areas. The expansion of this approach is based on evidence elucidating the selectivity and potency of covalent inhibitors when bound to particular amino acids of a biological target. The Nedd4-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is characterized by two covalent binding sites, of which catalytic Cyscat and allosteric Cysallo are enclosed. This enzyme has demonstrated inhibition at both the above-mentioned binding sites; however, a detailed molecular understanding of the structural mechanism of inhibition upon Cyscat and Cysallo binding remains vague. This prompted us to provide the first account of investigating the preferential covalent binding mode and the underlying structural and molecular dynamic implications. Based on the molecular dynamic analyses, it was evident that although both catalytic and allosteric covalent binding led to greater stability of the enzyme, a preferential covalent mechanism of inhibition was seen in the allosteric-targeted system. This was supported by a more favorable binding energy in the allosteric site compared to the catalytic site, in addition to the larger number of residue interactions and stabilizing hydrogen bonds occurring in the allosteric covalent bound complex. The fundamental dynamic analysis presented in this report compliments, as well as adds to previous experimental findings, thus leading to a crucial understanding of the structural mechanism by which Nedd4-1 is inhibited. The findings from this study may assist in the design of more target-specific Nedd4-1 covalent inhibitors exploring the surface-exposed cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Bjij
- Molecular Bio-Computation & Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Av. My Abdellah, BP2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Shama Khan
- Molecular Bio-Computation & Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Robin Betz
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Driss Cherqaoui
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Av. My Abdellah, BP2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation & Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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12
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Jeon SA, Lee JH, Kim DW, Cho JY. E3-ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 enhances bone formation by removing TGFβ1-induced pSMAD1 in immature osteoblast. Bone 2018; 116:248-258. [PMID: 30125728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates animal growth and development. To investigate the role of NEDD4 in skeletogenesis in vivo, we established immature osteoblast-specific 2.3-kb Collagen Type I Alpha 1 chain (Col1α1) promoter-driven Nedd4 transgenic (Nedd4-TG, Col1α1-Nedd4Tg/+) mice and conditional knockout (Nedd4-cKO, Col1α1-Cre;Nedd4fl/fl) mice. The Nedd4-TG mice displayed enhanced bone mass accrual and upregulated gene expression of osteogenic markers in bone. In addition, bone formation was decreased in the Nedd4-cKO mice compared to that in their littermates. The proliferation of primary osteoblasts isolated from calvaria and the number and surface area of tibial osteoblasts were higher in the Nedd4-TG mice than those in their littermates. Throughout the osteoblast differentiation, the expression of Nedd4 and Tgfb1 were high at early stage of osteoblast maturation, but decreased at the later stage when Bmp2 expression level is high. TGFβ1 signaling was consolidated by degradation of pSMAD1, which was transiently induced by TGFβ1, in NEDD4-overexpressing osteoblasts. Furthermore, pERK1/2 signaling was enhanced in osteoblast from TG mice than those in their littermates. These results suggest that NEDD4 enhances osteoblast proliferation by removing pSMAD1 activated by TGFβ1, and potentiating pSMAD2 and pERK1/2 pathways at early stage of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ae Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Foote PK, Statsyuk AV. Monitoring PARKIN RBR Ubiquitin Ligase Activation States with UbFluor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:e45. [PMID: 30063295 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PARKIN is a RING-Between-RING (RBR) E3 ligase, which ubiquitinates mitochondrial proteins in response to mitochondrial damage. Ser65 of PARKIN is phosphorylated by kinase PINK1 (pPARKIN), which causes partial PARKIN activation. PINK1 also phosphorylates Ser65 of ubiquitin (pUb), which further activates pPARKIN. Due to the lack of precise and quantitative assays to quantify the activity of PARKIN, there were many conflicting reports on the role of pUb as a PARKIN activator, whether S65E PARKIN is a true phosphomimetic of pPARKIN, and the effect of substrate of PARKIN turnover was also not known. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide on the use of the UbFluor probe to precisely quantitate changes in the activity of PARKIN in response to phosphorylation, allosteric activation by pUb, protein substrates, and activating structural mutations. These results pave the way to discover PARKIN activators and to precisely quantify the activity of other RBR E3s. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Foote
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Alexander V Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,The Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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14
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Nguyen TH, Kugler JM. Ubiquitin-Dependent Regulation of the Mammalian Hippo Pathway: Therapeutic Implications for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040121. [PMID: 29673168 PMCID: PMC5923376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway serves as a key barrier for oncogenic transformation. It acts by limiting the activity of the proto-oncogenes YAP and TAZ. Reduced Hippo signaling and elevated YAP/TAZ activities are frequently observed in various types of tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that the ubiquitin system plays an important role in regulating Hippo pathway activity. Deregulation of ubiquitin ligases and of deubiquitinating enzymes has been implicated in increased YAP/TAZ activity in cancer. In this article, we review recent insights into the ubiquitin-mediated regulation of the mammalian Hippo pathway, its deregulation in cancer, and possibilities for targeting the Hippo pathway through the ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jan-Michael Kugler
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Guo J, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wei R. Smurf1 regulates macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration via JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2018; 97:20-26. [PMID: 29550577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) has been identified to play a critical role in bone homeostasis, development, cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. However, the role of Smurf1 in macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration is still unclear. Here, we show that Smurf1 expression was elevated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). And we found that knockdown of Smurf1 suppresses macrophage proliferation but promotes apoptosis and migration. Furthermore, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling were upregulated in Smurf1-depleted cells. And inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in Smurf1 knockdown cells rescue the phenotypes of macrophage proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Therefore, our study suggests that Smurf1 is a new positive regulator for macrophage proliferation and apoptosis, but a negative regulator for macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China; Biological Sample Bank, Chinese PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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16
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Wei R, Li B, Guo J, Li M, Zhu R, Yang X, Gao R. Smurf1 targets Securin for ubiquitin-dependent degradation and regulates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Cell Signal 2017; 38:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Wei R, Guo J, Li M, Yang X, Zhu R, Huang H, Li K, Zhang L, Gao R. Smurf1 controls S phase progression and tumorigenesis through Wee1 degradation. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1150-1158. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- Department of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ruimin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Kejuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics; Beijing Proteome Research Center; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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18
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Nazio F, Carinci M, Valacca C, Bielli P, Strappazzon F, Antonioli M, Ciccosanti F, Rodolfo C, Campello S, Fimia GM, Sette C, Bonaldo P, Cecconi F. Fine-tuning of ULK1 mRNA and protein levels is required for autophagy oscillation. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:841-856. [PMID: 27932573 PMCID: PMC5166502 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ULK1 is a key kinase in autophagy initiation. Nazio et al. demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L targets ULK1 for degradation soon after autophagy induction, whereas a simultaneous ULK1 mRNA transcription is needed for priming subsequent rounds of autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway whose levels are tightly controlled to secure cell homeostasis. Unc-51–like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a conserved serine–threonine kinase that plays a central role in the initiation of autophagy. Here, we report that upon autophagy progression, ULK1 protein levels are specifically down-regulated by the E3 ligase NEDD4L, which ubiquitylates ULK1 for degradation by the proteasome. However, whereas ULK1 protein is degraded, ULK1 mRNA is actively transcribed. Upon reactivation of mTOR-dependent protein synthesis, basal levels of ULK1 are promptly restored, but the activity of newly synthesized ULK1 is inhibited by mTOR. This prepares the cell for a new possible round of autophagy stimulation. Our results thus place NEDD4L and ULK1 in a key position to control oscillatory activation of autophagy during prolonged stress to keep the levels of this process under a safe and physiological threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Valacca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Bielli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Rodolfo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy .,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Zou X, Blank M. Targeting p38 MAP kinase signaling in cancer through post-translational modifications. Cancer Lett 2016; 384:19-26. [PMID: 27725227 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is a key signal transduction cascade that cancer cells employ to sense and adapt to a plethora of environmental stimuli, and has attracted much attention as a promising target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests a dual role of p38 signaling in various types of cancers, wherein the p38 pathway can both suppress and promote tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. This dual role of p38 signaling, along with its context dependence and versatility, poses a great challenge for developing efficient anticancer treatment. An increasing number of studies showed that p38 signaling is subject to regulation by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Recently, large-scale proteomics profilings have identified a large number of PTMs on key components of the p38 pathway. However, the majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we highlight a series of studies that focus on the PTMs in the p38 cascade landscape, and discuss the complexity and implications of these PTMs in p38 MAPK signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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20
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Krist DT, Park S, Boneh GH, Rice SE, Statsyuk AV. UbFluor: A Mechanism-Based Probe for HECT E3 Ligases. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5587-5595. [PMID: 27482366 PMCID: PMC4965700 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous to E6AP Carboxyl Terminus E3 ubiquitin ligases (HECT, ~28 known) are genetically implicated in cancer, neurological, hypertensive, and autoimmune disorders, and are potential drug targets to treat these diseases. The major bottleneck in the field of HECT E3s is a lack of simple assays to quantify the enzymatic activity of these enzymes in the presence of small molecules. Typical assays require E1, E2, HECT E3, ubiquitin (Ub), ATP and additional reagents to detect the resulting free poly-ubiquitin chains. To address this need, we developed UbFluor, a fluorescent thioester conjugate between the C-terminus of Ub and fluorescein-thiol (Fluor-SH). UbFluor is a mechanism-based probe that undergoes a direct transthiolation reaction with the catalytic cysteine of the model HECT E3 ligase Rsp5, producing the catalytically active Rsp5~Ub (~ indicates thioester) accompanied by release of Fluor-SH. The kinetics of this two-component reaction can be easily monitored with real-time fluorescence polarization (FP) assays. Importantly, UbFluor eliminates the need to use SDS-PAGE, ATP, E1, E2 enzymes, and extra poly-ubiquitin chain detection reagents. Although the developed system lacks ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes, we show that UbFluor can recapitulate the native ubiquitination reaction by detecting and quantifying defects in transthiolation and isopeptide ligation of Rsp5 HECT E3 alanine mutants. Based on our findings, we show that UbFluor can be utilized to conduct high-throughput screens (HTS) of small molecules against HECT ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Krist
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Galyah H Boneh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Sarah E Rice
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Alexander V Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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21
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Li H, Mohamed AA, Sharad S, Umeda E, Song Y, Young D, Petrovics G, McLeod DG, Sesterhenn IA, Sreenath T, Dobi A, Srivastava S. Silencing of PMEPA1 accelerates the growth of prostate cancer cells through AR, NEDD4 and PTEN. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15137-49. [PMID: 25883222 PMCID: PMC4558141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) is the male hormone receptor and a nuclear transcription factor which plays a central role in the growth of normal and malignant prostate gland. Our earlier studies defined a mechanistic model for male hormone dependent regulation of AR protein levels in prostate cancer (CaP) cells through a negative feed-back loop between AR and PMEPA1, an androgen induced NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding protein. This report focuses on the impact of PMEPA1 silencing on CaP biology. PMEPA1 knockdown accelerated the growth of CaP tumor cells in athymic nude mice. In cell culture models knockdown of PMEPA1 resulted in resistance to AR inhibitors enzalutamide and bicalutamide. While, AR protein down regulation by NEDD4 was PMEPA1 dependent, we also noted a PMEPA1 independent downregulation of PTEN by NEDD4. In a subset of human CaP, decreased PMEPA1 mRNA expression significantly correlated with increased levels of AR transcription target PSA, as a surrogate for elevated AR. This study highlights that silencing of PMEPA1 accelerates the growth of CaP cells through AR, NEDD4 and PTEN. Thus, the therapeutic restoration of PMEPA1 represents a promising complementary strategy correcting for AR and PTEN defects in CaP. Statement of significance: Here we define that silencing of PMEPA1 facilitates the growth of CaP cells and modulates AR through NEDD4 and PTEN. The restoration of PMEPA1 represents a promising complementary therapeutic strategy correcting for AR and PTEN defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shashwat Sharad
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Elizabeth Umeda
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yingjie Song
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David G McLeod
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Taduru Sreenath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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22
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Scofield SLC, Amin P, Singh M, Singh K. Extracellular Ubiquitin: Role in Myocyte Apoptosis and Myocardial Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:527-60. [PMID: 26756642 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly conserved low molecular weight (8.5 kDa) protein. It consists of 76 amino acid residues and is found in all eukaryotic cells. The covalent linkage of UB to a variety of cellular proteins (ubiquitination) is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. This modification generally regulates protein turnover and protects the cells from damaged or misfolded proteins. The polyubiquitination of proteins serves as a signal for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. UB is present in trace amounts in body fluids. Elevated levels of UB are described in the serum or plasma of patients under a variety of conditions. Extracellular UB is proposed to have pleiotropic roles including regulation of immune response, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. CXCR4 is identified as receptor for extracellular UB in hematopoietic cells. Heart failure represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western society. Cardiac remodeling is a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The components involved in myocardial remodeling include-myocytes, fibroblasts, interstitium, and coronary vasculature. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in the form of norepinephrine is a common feature during heart failure. Acting via β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), norepinephrine is shown to induce myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. β-AR stimulation increases extracellular levels of UB in myocytes, and UB inhibits β-AR-stimulated increases in myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. This review summarizes intracellular and extracellular functions of UB with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular UB in cardiac myocyte apoptosis and myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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23
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Zou X, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Molecular functions of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Itch Functions as a Novel Negative Regulator of Gli-Similar 3 (Glis3) Transcriptional Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131303. [PMID: 26147758 PMCID: PMC4493090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) plays a critical role in the generation of pancreatic ß cells and the regulation insulin gene transcription and has been implicated in the development of several pathologies, including type 1 and 2 diabetes and polycystic kidney disease. However, little is known about the proteins and posttranslational modifications that regulate or mediate Glis3 transcriptional activity. In this study, we identify by mass-spectrometry and yeast 2-hybrid analyses several proteins that interact with the N-terminal region of Glis3. These include the WW-domain-containing HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases, Itch, Smurf2, and Nedd4. The interaction between Glis3 and the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assays and mutation analysis. All three proteins interact through their WW-domains with a PPxY motif located in the Glis3 N-terminus. However, only Itch significantly contributed to Glis3 polyubiquitination and reduced Glis3 stability by enhancing its proteasomal degradation. Itch-mediated degradation of Glis3 required the PPxY motif-dependent interaction between Glis3 and the WW-domains of Itch as well as the presence of the Glis3 zinc finger domains. Transcription analyses demonstrated that Itch dramatically inhibited Glis3-mediated transactivation and endogenous Ins2 expression by increasing Glis3 protein turnover. Taken together, our study identifies Itch as a critical negative regulator of Glis3-mediated transcriptional activity. This regulation provides a novel mechanism to modulate Glis3-driven gene expression and suggests that it may play a role in a number of physiological processes controlled by Glis3, such as insulin transcription, as well as in Glis3-associated diseases.
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25
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Abstract
A number of key regulatory proteins contain one or two copies of the WW domain known to mediate protein-protein interaction via proline-rich motifs, such as PPxY. The Hippo pathway components take advantage of this module to transduce tumor suppressor signaling. It is becoming evident that tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical regulator of the WW proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involved tyrosine kinases and their roles in regulating the WW proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reuven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Matan Shanzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yosef Shaul
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Park S, Krist DT, Statsyuk AV. Protein ubiquitination and formation of polyubiquitin chains without ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes. Chem Sci 2014; 6:1770-1779. [PMID: 28706640 PMCID: PMC5485889 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination without ATP. This paper reports a chemical strategy to ubiquitinate proteins without ATP, E1, and E2 enzymes, offering new insights on the biochemical mechanism of E3s.
Studying protein ubiquitination is difficult due to the complexity of the E1–E2–E3 ubiquitination cascade. Here we report the discovery that C-terminal ubiquitin thioesters can undergo direct transthiolation with the catalytic cysteine of the model HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 to form a catalytically active Rsp5∼ubiquitin thioester (Rsp5∼Ub). The resulting Rsp5∼Ub undergoes efficient autoubiquitination, ubiquitinates protein substrates, and synthesizes polyubiquitin chains with native Ub isopeptide linkage specificity. Since the developed chemical system bypasses the need for ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes while maintaining the native HECT E3 mechanism, we named it “Bypassing System” (ByS). Importantly, ByS provides direct evidence that E2 enzymes are dispensable for K63 specific isopeptide bond formation between ubiquitin molecules by Rsp5 in vitro. Additionally, six other E3 enzymes including Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2, Itch, and Wwp1 HECT ligases, along with Parkin and HHARI RBR ligases processed Ub thioesters under ByS reaction conditions. These findings provide general mechanistic insights on protein ubiquitination, and offer new strategies for assay development to discover pharmacological modulators of E3 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Chemistry of Life Processes Institute , Northwestern University , Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - David T Krist
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Chemistry of Life Processes Institute , Northwestern University , Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Alexander V Statsyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery , Chemistry of Life Processes Institute , Northwestern University , Silverman Hall, 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
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