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Gu DE, Han SH, Kang KS. Viability and integrity of Pinus densiflora seeds stored for 20 years at three different temperatures. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae046. [PMID: 38983122 PMCID: PMC11231940 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Storage temperature is one of the most important factors determining seed longevity in the genebank. This study aimed to investigate the effect of storage temperature on the seed viability and physiological integrity after a 20-year storage period of Pinus densiflora, a tree species of ecological and economic significance in South Korea. To this end, seeds were collected and stored dry for 20 years at -18°C, 4°C and 25°C. Germination tests were conducted to assess seed viability and vigour, electrolyte leakage analysis was performed to assess cell membrane integrity, and carbohydrate analysis was conducted to assess metabolic integrity during germination. The results revealed that over 20 years, seeds stored at -18°C maintained a high germination percentage (GP; 89%), comparable to initial GP (91%), whilst those stored at 4°C exhibited a decline in GP (44%) along with a decrease in vigour. Seeds stored at 25°C lost their viability entirely. Electrical conductivity of the leachate and leakage of inorganic compounds and soluble sugars were higher with elevated storage temperature, indicating increased imbibition damage. Additionally, changes in carbohydrate content during germination revealed that the loss of viability according to storage temperature is associated with reduced storage reserve utilization and altered carbohydrate metabolism during germination. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of seed storage temperature on longevity and physiological changes of aging in the genebank, serving as a reference for establishing conservation strategies for Pinus densiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Gu
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Onjeong-ro 39, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-Hee Han
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Onjeong-ro 39, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Suk Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Guan L, Yin L, Liu Y, Yan J, Wang B, Luan M, Lan W. A plasma membrane-localized transporter remobilizes aleurone layer magnesium for seed germination in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38837713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aleurone layer in cereal grains acts as a major reservoir of essential mineral nutrients, significantly influencing seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the redistribution of nutrients from the aleurone layer in the germinating seed is still not well understood. Here, in rice, we identified a plasma membrane (PM) localized magnesium transporter, MAGNESIUM RELEASE TRANSPORTER 3 (MGR3), is critical for seed germination. OsMGR3 is predominantly expressed in the aleurone layer cells of endosperm, facilitating magnesium remobilization during germination. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology assay data demonstrated that the loss-of-function of OsMGR3 restrained magnesium efflux from the aleurone layer. In the embryo/endosperm grafting experiment, we observed that the mutation of OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer suppressed the growth and differentiation of the embryo during germination. Furthermore, magnesium fluorescence imaging revealed the osmgr3 mutant seeds showed impaired exportation of aleurone layer-stored magnesium to the embryo, consequently delaying germination. Importantly, we discovered that disrupting OsMGR3 could inhibit pre-harvest sprouting without affecting rice yield and quality. Therefore, the magnesium efflux transporter OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer represents a promising genetic target for future agronomic trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liurong Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingna Liu
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingda Luan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Verwaaijen B, Alcock TD, Spitzer C, Liu Z, Fiebig A, Bienert MD, Bräutigam A, Bienert GP. The Brassica napus boron deficient inflorescence transcriptome resembles a wounding and infection response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14088. [PMID: 38148205 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape and other crops of Brassica napus have a high demand for boron (B). Boron deficiencies result in the inhibition of root growth, and eventually premature flower abortion. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying flower abortion in B-limiting conditions could provide the basis to enhance B-efficiency and prevent B-deficiency-related yield losses. In this study, we assessed transcriptomic responses to B-deficiency in diverse inflorescence tissues at multiple time points of soil-grown plants that were phenotypically unaffected by B-deficiency until early flowering. Whilst transcript levels of known B transporters were higher in B-deficient samples, these remained remarkably stable as the duration of B-deficiency increased. Meanwhile, GO-term enrichment analysis indicated a growing response resembling that of a pathogen or pest attack, escalating to a huge transcriptome response in shoot heads at mid-flowering. Grouping differentially expressed genes within this tissue into MapMan functional bins indicated enrichment of genes related to wounding, jasmonic acid and WRKY transcription factors. Individual candidate genes for controlling the "flowering-without-seed-setting" phenotype from within MapMan biotic stress bins include those of the metacaspase family, which have been implicated in orchestrating programmed cell death. Overall temporal expression patterns observed here imply a dynamic response to B-deficiency, first increasing expression of B transporters before recruiting various biotic stress-related pathways to coordinate targeted cell death, likely in response to as yet unidentified B-deficiency induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This response indicates new pathways to target and dissect to control B-deficiency-induced flower abortion and to develop more B-efficient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Verwaaijen
- Computational Biology, Faculty for Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas David Alcock
- Crop Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Spitzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Germany
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Crop Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Fiebig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Germany
| | - Manuela Désirée Bienert
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Computational Biology, Faculty for Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Crop Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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4
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Pommerrenig B, Faber M, Hajirezaei MR, von Wirén N, Bienert GP. Cytokinins as boron deficiency signals to sustain shoot development in boron-efficient oilseed rape. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13776. [PMID: 36066313 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency is a highly prominent nutrient disorder. While B-efficient accessions have recently been identified in the highly B-demanding crop oilseed rape, it remained unclear which physiological processes underlie B efficiency and which signaling pathways trigger an efficient B-deficiency response. Here, we compared, under three different B supply conditions, two Brassica napus accessions with contrasting B efficiency. Shoot biomass formation, B distribution patterns and metabolic dynamics of different phytohormone species were studied using a combination of mass spectrometry-based analyses and physiological measurements. Our results show that the B-efficient accession CR2267 does not differ from the B-inefficient accession CR2262 in terms of B accumulation and subcellular B-partitioning, although it displays no morphological B-deficiency symptoms under severe B-deficient conditions. Investigating phytohormone metabolism revealed a strong accumulation of cytokinins in CR2267 at a developmental stage when striking B-dependent differences in biomass and organ formation emerge in the two B. napus accessions. In contrast, elevated levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid as well as bioactive auxins, representing functional antagonists of cytokinins in shoots, were detected only in CR2262. Our results indicate that superior B efficiency in CR2267 relies on a higher B utilization efficiency that builds on an earlier and higher cytokinin biosynthesis required for the maintenance of the shoot meristem activity and proper leaf development. We further conclude that an elevated abundance of cytokinins is not a consequence of better plant growth but rather a presumption for better plant growth under low-B conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Faber
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Physiological Importance of Molybdate Transporter Family 1 in Feeding the Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103158. [PMID: 35630635 PMCID: PMC9147641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdate uptake and molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis were investigated in detail in the last few decades. The present study critically reviews our present knowledge about eukaryotic molybdate transporters (MOT) and focuses on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, complementing it with new experiments, filling missing gaps, and clarifying contradictory results in the literature. Two molybdate transporters, MOT1.1 and MOT1.2, are known in Arabidopsis, but their importance for sufficient molybdate supply to Moco biosynthesis remains unclear. For a better understanding of their physiological functions in molybdate homeostasis, we studied the impact of mot1.1 and mot1.2 knock-out mutants, including a double knock-out on molybdate uptake and Moco-dependent enzyme activity, MOT localisation, and protein–protein interactions. The outcome illustrates different physiological roles for Moco biosynthesis: MOT1.1 is plasma membrane located and its function lies in the efficient absorption of molybdate from soil and its distribution throughout the plant. However, MOT1.1 is not involved in leaf cell imports of molybdate and has no interaction with proteins of the Moco biosynthesis complex. In contrast, the tonoplast-localised transporter MOT1.2 exports molybdate stored in the vacuole and makes it available for re-localisation during senescence. It also supplies the Moco biosynthesis complex with molybdate by direct interaction with molybdenum insertase Cnx1 for controlled and safe sequestering.
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Murgia I, Marzorati F, Vigani G, Morandini P. Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1809-1824. [PMID: 34864996 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient since many cellular processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species depend on adequate Fe levels; however, non-complexed Fe ions can be dangerous for cells, as they can act as pro-oxidants. Hence, plants possess a complex homeostatic control system for safely taking up Fe from the soil and transporting it to its various cellular destinations, and for its subcellular compartmentalization. At the end of the plant's life cycle, maturing seeds are loaded with the required amount of Fe needed for germination and early seedling establishment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how the microbiota in the rhizosphere influence and interact with the strategies adopted by plants to take up iron from the soil. We also focus on the process of seed-loading with Fe, and for crop species we also consider its associated metabolism in wild relatives. These two aspects of plant Fe nutrition may provide promising avenues for a better comprehension of the long pathway of Fe from soil to seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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7
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Huang Q, Liu J, Hu C, Wang N, Zhang L, Mo X, Li G, Liao H, Huang H, Ji S, Chen D. Integrative analyses of transcriptome and carotenoids profiling revealed molecular insight into variations in fruits color of Citrus Reticulata Blanco induced by transplantation. Genomics 2022; 114:110291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Höller S, Küpper H, Brückner D, Garrevoet J, Spiers K, Falkenberg G, Andresen E, Peiter E. Overexpression of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 reveals new aspects of metal transport in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:23-29. [PMID: 34546650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 (MTP8) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the CATION DIFFUSION FACILITATOR (CDF) family of proteins that transports primarily manganese (Mn), but also iron (Fe). MTP8 mediates Mn allocation to specific cell types in the developing embryo, and Fe re-allocation as well as Mn tolerance during imbibition. We analysed if an overexpression of MTP8 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter has an effect on Mn tolerance during imbibition and on Mn and Fe storage in seeds, which would render it a biofortification target. Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in MTP8-overexpressing lines in wild type and vit1-1 backgrounds were analysed by ICP-MS. Distribution of metals in intact seeds was determined by synchrotron µXRF tomography. MTP8 overexpression led to a strongly increased Mn tolerance of seeds during imbibition, supporting its effectiveness in loading excess Mn into the vacuole. In mature seeds, MTP8 overexpression did not cause a consistent increase in Mn and Fe accumulation, and it did not change the allocation pattern of these metals. Zn concentrations were consistently increased in bulk samples. The results demonstrate that Mn and Fe allocation is not determined primarily by the MTP8 expression pattern, suggesting either a cell type-specific provision of metals for vacuolar sequestration by upstream transport processes, or the determination of MTP8 activity by post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Höller
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H Küpper
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Andresen
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - E Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Jia Z, Bienert MD, von Wirén N, Bienert GP. Genome-wide association mapping identifies HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 accounting for efficient boron transport in barley. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:809-822. [PMID: 33481273 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential mineral element for plant growth, and the seed B pool of crops can be crucial when seedlings need to establish on low-B soils. To date, it is poorly understood how B accumulation in grain crops is genetically controlled. Here, we assessed the genotypic variation of the B concentration in grains of a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) association panel that represents broad genetic diversity. We found a large genetic variation of the grain B concentration and detected in total 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using genome-wide association mapping. HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6, encoding a potential B-transporting membrane protein, mapped closely to a major-effect QTL accounting for the largest proportion of grain B variation. Based on transport studies using heterologous expression systems and gene expression analysis, we demonstrate that HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 represents a functional B channel and that expression variation in its transcript level associates with root and shoot B concentrations as well as with root dry mass formation under B-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuela Désirée Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Metalloid Transport, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Metalloid Transport, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Crop Physiology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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García-Gómez P, Bahaji A, Gámez-Arcas S, Muñoz FJ, Sánchez-López ÁM, Almagro G, Baroja-Fernández E, Ameztoy K, De Diego N, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Hajirezaei MR, Romero LC, García I, Pozueta-Romero J. Volatiles from the fungal phytopathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum modulate root metabolism and architecture through proteome resetting. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2551-2570. [PMID: 32515071 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by the fungal phytopathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum promote root growth and developmental changes in Arabidopsis. Here we characterised the metabolic and molecular responses of roots to fungal volatiles. Proteomic analyses revealed that these compounds reduce the levels of aquaporins, the iron carrier IRT1 and apoplastic peroxidases. Fungal VCs also increased the levels of enzymes involved in the production of mevalonate (MVA)-derived isoprenoids, nitrogen assimilation and conversion of methionine to ethylene and cyanide. Consistently, fungal VC-treated roots accumulated high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), MVA-derived cytokinins, ethylene, cyanide and long-distance nitrogen transport amino acids. qRT-PCR analyses showed that many proteins differentially expressed by fungal VCs are encoded by VC non-responsive genes. Expression patterns of hormone reporters and developmental characterisation of mutants provided evidence for the involvement of cyanide scavenging and enhanced auxin, ethylene, cytokinin and H2 O2 signalling in the root architecture changes promoted by fungal VCs. Our findings show that VCs from P. aurantiogriseum modify root metabolism and architecture, and improve nutrient and water use efficiencies through transcriptionally and non-transcriptionally regulated proteome resetting mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms are subject to long-distance regulation by photosynthesis and differ from those triggered by VCs emitted by beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | | | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutilva, 31192, Spain
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11
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Blalogoe JS, Odindo AO, Sogbohossou EOD, Sibiya J, Achigan-Dako EG. Origin-dependence of variation in seed morphology, mineral composition and germination percentage in Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. accessions from Africa and Asia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:168. [PMID: 32295516 PMCID: PMC7160957 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spider plant [Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.], an economically promising African leafy vegetable, characterized for leaf yield components and nutritive quality, exhibits poor seed germination that hinders a wider expansion of the crop in urban and periurban horticultural systems. So far, there is little information pertaining to seed morphological traits and mineral elements content that may be associated with higher seed germination. This research investigated the hypothesis that spider plants from different geographical areas exhibited differences in seed mineral composition, morphological traits, and germination capacity. To this end, twenty-nine accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from West and East-Southern Africa, and Asia were screened for variation in seed size (area, perimeter, length, width), 10-seed weight, mean germination time, germination percentage and mineral content variations. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) solution were used to study seed morphology and mineral composition. RESULTS We show for the first time the external and internal structure of the seeds of Gynandropsis gynandra and measured eight mineral elements, including carbon (C), oxygen (O), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The accessions differed significantly (p < 0.001) with respect to seed size (area, perimeter, length, width), 10-seed weight, mean germination time and germination percentage. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on fourteen variables grouped the accessions into three distinct clusters, partially dependent on their geographical origin. Asian accessions exhibited smaller seeds and recorded higher values in terms of germination percentage. West African accessions had bigger seeds but with lower germination percentage. Variation in minerals such as potassium, carbon, and calcium content showed different patterns according to geographical origins. CONCLUSION Smaller seeds in G. gynandra exhibited better germination capacity. The Asian germplasm is a potential source of cultivars with a higher germination percentage for improving seed quality in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelila S Blalogoe
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 526, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
- Discipline of Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alfred O Odindo
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - E O Dêêdi Sogbohossou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 526, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Postbus 647 6700AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Sibiya
- Discipline of Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Enoch G Achigan-Dako
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 526, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
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12
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Gómez-Soto D, Galván S, Rosales E, Bienert P, Abreu I, Bonilla I, Bolaños L, Reguera M. Insights into the role of phytohormones regulating pAtNIP5;1 activity and boron transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110198. [PMID: 31481193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to counteract B deficiency impacts, plants have developed different strategies in order to reach an optimal growth in soils with limited B availability. These include B transport mechanisms that involves a facilitated transport, via channel proteins, and a high-affinity active transport driven by borate transporters. The AtNIP5;1 channel protein is a member of Major Intrinsic Protein family which facilitates B influx into the roots under low B supply. In order to explore the phytohormone-dependent regulation of AtNIP5;1, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxins and cytokinins on the activity of AtNIP5;1 promoter were evaluated using the reporter line pNIP5;1-GUS. The results show that ABA treatment increased pAtNIP5;1 activity. Besides, a larger B uptake was found following ABA treatment under B deficiency suggesting a role of ABA inducing B uptake. The ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) caused an induction of AtNIP5;1 expression although did not correlate with higher B concentrations nor with an improvement in root growth. On the contrary, auxins and cytokinins caused slight changes in pAtNIP5;1 induction. Altogether, these results show a regulatory role of phytohormones in AtNIP5;1 promoter what may affect B transport. The herein provided information may contribute to better understand the regulation of B transport in plants towards minimizing B deficiency impacts on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gómez-Soto
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Galván
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Rosales
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bienert
- IPK-Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - I Abreu
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Bonilla
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Bolaños
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Reguera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Pommerrenig B, Eggert K, Bienert GP. Boron Deficiency Effects on Sugar, Ionome, and Phytohormone Profiles of Vascular and Non-Vascular Leaf Tissues of Common Plantain ( Plantago major L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3882. [PMID: 31395813 PMCID: PMC6719229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissues essentially regulate water, nutrient, photo-assimilate, and phytohormone logistics throughout the plant body. Boron (B) is crucial for the development of the vascular tissue in many dicotyledonous plant taxa and B deficiency particularly affects the integrity of phloem and xylem vessels, and, therefore, functionality of long-distance transport. We hypothesize that changes in the plants' B nutritional status evoke differential responses of the vasculature and the mesophyll. However, direct analyses of the vasculature in response to B deficiency are lacking, due to the experimental inaccessibility of this tissue. Here, we generated biochemical and physiological understanding of B deficiency response reactions in common plantain (Plantago major L.), from which pure and intact vascular bundles can be extracted. Low soil B concentrations affected quantitative distribution patterns of various phytohormones, sugars and macro-, and micronutrients in a tissue-specific manner. Vascular sucrose levels dropped, and sucrose loading into the phloem was reduced under low B supply. Phytohormones responded selectively to B deprivation. While concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid decreased at low B supply, cytokinins and brassinosteroids increased in the vasculature and the mesophyll, respectively. Our results highlight the biological necessity to analyze nutrient deficiency responses in a tissue- rather organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd P Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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14
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Bienert MD, Muries B, Crappe D, Chaumont F, Bienert GP. Overexpression of X Intrinsic Protein 1;1 in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis reduces boron allocation to shoot sink tissues. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00143. [PMID: 31245781 PMCID: PMC6549384 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIP) are a family of channels facilitating the diffusion of water and/or small solutes across cellular membranes. X Intrinsic Proteins (XIP) form the least characterized MIP subfamily in vascular plants. XIPs are mostly impermeable to water but facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, urea and boric acid when expressed in heterologous expression systems. However, their transport capabilities in planta and their impact on plant physiology are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of NtXIP1;1 in Nicotiana tabacum by the En2pPMA4 or the 35S CaMV promoter and in Arabidopsis, which does not contain any XIP gene, by the 35S CaMV promoter, resulted in boron (B)-deficiency symptoms such as death of the shoot apical meristem, infertile flowers, and puckered leaves. Leaf B concentrations in symptomatic tissues and B xylem sap concentrations were lower in the overexpressors than in control plants. Importantly, expression of NtXIP1;1 under the control of the AtNIP5;1 promoter complemented the B deficiency phenotype of the Atnip5;1 knockout mutant, defining its ability to act as a boric acid channel in planta. Protein quantification analysis revealed that NtXIP1;1 was predominantly expressed in young B-demanding tissues and induced under B-deficient conditions. Our results strongly suggest that NtXIP1;1 plays a role in B homeostasis and its tissue-specific expression critically contributes to the distribution of B within tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Desiree Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGaterslebenGermany
| | - Beatriz Muries
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Delphine Crappe
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGaterslebenGermany
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15
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Huang KL, Wang H, Wei YL, Jia HX, Zha L, Zheng Y, Ren F, Li XB. The high-affinity transporter BnPHT1;4 is involved in phosphorus acquisition and mobilization for facilitating seed germination and early seedling growth of Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:156. [PMID: 31023216 PMCID: PMC6482582 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed germination and seedling establishment are two of the most critical phases in plant development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of phosphorus on seed germination and post-germinated growth of oilseed rape are unclear so far. Here, we report the role of BnPHT1;4 in seed germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus. RESULTS Our results show that BnPHT1;4 is preferentially expressed in cotyledons of early developing seedlings. Overexpression of BnPHT1;4 in oilseed rape promoted seed germination and seedling growth. Expression levels of the genes related to ABA and GA biosynthesis and signaling were significantly altered in BnPHT1;4 transgenic seedlings. Consequently, active GA level was up-regulated, whereas ABA content was down-regulated in BnPHT1;4 transgenic seedlings. Furthermore, exogenous GA could promote seed germination of wild type, while exogenous ABA could partially recover the advanced-germination phenotype of BnPHT1;4 transgenic seeds. Total phosphorus content in cotyledons of the transgenic seedlings was decreased more rapidly than that in wild type when Pi was supplied or deficient, and Pi contents in shoots and roots of the BnPHT1;4 transgenic plants were higher than those in wild type under high and low Pi conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the high-affinity transporter BnPHT1;4 is involved in phosphorus acquisition and mobilization for facilitating seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica napus by modulating ABA and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Lin Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Ying-Li Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Han-Xin Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Lei Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
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16
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Pommerrenig B, Junker A, Abreu I, Bieber A, Fuge J, Willner E, Bienert MD, Altmann T, Bienert GP. Identification of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) Cultivars With a High Tolerance to Boron-Deficient Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 30131820 PMCID: PMC6091279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for seed plants. Information on B-efficiency mechanisms and B-efficient crop and model plant genotypes is very scarce. Studies evaluating the basis and consequences of B-deficiency and B-efficiency are limited by the facts that B occurs as a trace contaminant essentially everywhere, its bioavailability is difficult to control and soil-based B-deficiency growth systems allowing a high-throughput screening of plant populations have hitherto been lacking. The crop plant Brassica napus shows a very high sensitivity toward B-deficient conditions. To reduce B-deficiency-caused yield losses in a sustainable manner, the identification of B-efficient B. napus genotypes is indispensable. We developed a soil substrate-based cultivation system which is suitable to study plant growth in automated high-throughput phenotyping facilities under defined and repeatable soil B conditions. In a comprehensive screening, using this system with soil B concentrations below 0.1 mg B (kg soil)-1, we identified three highly B-deficiency tolerant B. napus cultivars (CR2267, CR2280, and CR2285) among a genetically diverse collection comprising 590 accessions from all over the world. The B-efficiency classification of cultivars was based on a detailed assessment of various physical and high-throughput imaging-based shoot and root growth parameters in soil substrate or in in vitro conditions, respectively. We identified cultivar-specific patterns of B-deficiency-responsive growth dynamics. Elemental analysis revealed striking differences only in B contents between contrasting genotypes when grown under B-deficient but not under standard conditions. Results indicate that B-deficiency tolerant cultivars can grow with a very limited amount of B which is clearly below previously described critical B-tissue concentration values. These results suggest a higher B utilization efficiency of CR2267, CR2280, and CR2285 which would represent a unique trait among so far identified B-efficient B. napus cultivars which are characterized by a higher B-uptake capacity. Testing various other nutrient deficiency treatments, we demonstrated that the tolerance is specific for B-deficient conditions and is not conferred by a general growth vigor at the seedling stage. The identified B-deficiency tolerant cultivars will serve as genetic and physiological "tools" to further understand the mechanisms regulating the B nutritional status in rapeseed and to develop B-efficient elite genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Astrid Junker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annett Bieber
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Fuge
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Evelin Willner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuela D. Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd P. Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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17
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Radchuk V, Tran V, Radchuk R, Diaz-Mendoza M, Weier D, Fuchs J, Riewe D, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Munz E, Heinzel N, Rolletschek H, Martinez M, Borisjuk L. Vacuolar processing enzyme 4 contributes to maternal control of grain size in barley by executing programmed cell death in the pericarp. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1127-1142. [PMID: 28836669 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The angiosperm embryo and endosperm are limited in space because they grow inside maternal seed tissues. The elimination of cell layers of the maternal seed coat by programmed cell death (PCD) could provide space and nutrition to the filial organs. Using the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed as a model, we elucidated the role of vacuolar processing enzyme 4 (VPE4) in cereals by using an RNAi approach and targeting the enzymatic properties of the recombinant protein. A comparative characterization of transgenic versus wild-type plants included transcriptional and metabolic profiling, flow cytometry, histology and nuclear magnetic imaging of grains. The recombinant VPE4 protein exhibited legumain and caspase-1 properties in vitro. Pericarp disintegration was delayed in the transgenic grains. Although the VPE4 gene and enzymatic activity was decreased in the early developing pericarp, storage capacity and the size of the endosperm and embryo were reduced in the mature VPE4-repressed grains. The persistence of the pericarp in the VPE4-affected grains constrains endosperm and embryo growth and leads to transcriptional reprogramming, perturbations in signalling and adjustments in metabolism. We conclude that VPE4 expression executes PCD in the pericarp, which is required for later endosperm filling, and argue for a role of PCD in maternal control of seed size in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Van Tran
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ruslana Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Diana Weier
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - David Riewe
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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18
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Neugebauer K, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, White PJ. Variation in the angiosperm ionome. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:306-322. [PMID: 29412469 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB, Blindauer CA. The type 4 metallothionein from Brassica napus seeds folds in a metal-dependent fashion and favours zinc over other metals. Metallomics 2018; 10:1430-1443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapeseed MT4 only folds properly in the presence of Zn2+ and thus may serve as a selectivity filter for metal accumulation in plant embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
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20
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Eggert K, von Wirén N. Response of the plant hormone network to boron deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:868-881. [PMID: 28833172 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones (PH) adjust plant growth to environmental conditions such as nutrient availability. Although responses of individual PHs to growth-determining nutrient supplies have been reported, little is known about simultaneous dynamics in the metabolism of different PH species. Brassica napus seedlings were grown under increasing supply of B, and LC-MS/MS was used to characterize bioactive forms of different PH species together with several of their precursors, storage and inactivated forms. Increasing shoot B concentrations in response to B supply were accompanied by decreasing concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which appeared to be synthesized under B deficiency mainly via indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). By contrast, shoot B concentrations correlated closely with cytokinins, and the B-dependent growth response appeared to be triggered primarily by de-novo synthesis of cytokinins and by re-routing less active towards highly active forms of cytokinin. Also gibberellin biosynthesis strongly increased with B supply, in particular gibberellin species from the non-13-hydroxylation pathway. The brassinosteroid castasterone appeared to support shoot growth primarily at suboptimal B nutrition. These results indicate that a variable B nutritional status causes coordinated changes in PH metabolism as prerequisite for an adjusted growth response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Eggert
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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21
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Zheng L, Zhu HZ, Wang BT, Zhao QH, Du XB, Zheng Y, Jiang L, Ni JZ, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Sodium selenate regulates the brain ionome in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39290. [PMID: 28008954 PMCID: PMC5180247 DOI: 10.1038/srep39290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that imbalance of mineral metabolism may play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. It was recently reported that selenium could reverse memory deficits in AD mouse model. We carried out multi-time-point ionome analysis to investigate the interactions among 15 elements in the brain by using a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD with/without high-dose sodium selenate supplementation. Except selenium, the majority of significantly changed elements showed a reduced level after 6-month selenate supplementation, especially iron whose levels were completely reversed to normal state at almost all examined time points. We then built the elemental correlation network for each time point. Significant and specific elemental correlations and correlation changes were identified, implying a highly complex and dynamic crosstalk between selenium and other elements during long-term supplementation with selenate. Finally, we measured the activities of two important anti-oxidative selenoenzymes, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, and found that they were remarkably increased in the cerebrum of selenate-treated mice, suggesting that selenoenzyme-mediated protection against oxidative stress might also be involved in the therapeutic effect of selenate in AD. Overall, this study should contribute to our understanding of the mechanism related to the potential use of selenate in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Zhang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Futian Huanggang Port, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiong-Hui Zhao
- Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Futian Huanggang Port, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Bo Du
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Liang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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22
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González-Guerrero M, Escudero V, Saéz Á, Tejada-Jiménez M. Transition Metal Transport in Plants and Associated Endosymbionts: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1088. [PMID: 27524990 PMCID: PMC4965479 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals such as iron, copper, zinc, or molybdenum are essential nutrients for plants. These elements are involved in almost every biological process, including photosynthesis, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, or symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, plants often grow in soils with limiting metallic oligonutrient bioavailability. Consequently, to ensure the proper metal levels, plants have developed a complex metal uptake and distribution system, that not only involves the plant itself, but also its associated microorganisms. These microorganisms can simply increase metal solubility in soils and making them more accessible to the host plant, as well as induce the plant metal deficiency response, or directly deliver transition elements to cortical cells. Other, instead of providing metals, can act as metal sinks, such as endosymbiotic rhizobia in legume nodules that requires relatively large amounts to carry out nitrogen fixation. In this review, we propose to do an overview of metal transport mechanisms in the plant-microbe system, emphasizing the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endosymbiotic rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)Madrid, Spain
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23
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Capraro J, Sessa F, Magni C, Scarafoni A, Maffioli E, Tedeschi G, Croy RRD, Duranti M. Proteolytic cleavage at twin arginine residues affects structural and functional transitions of lupin seed 11S storage globulin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117406. [PMID: 25658355 PMCID: PMC4319833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 11S storage globulin of white lupin seeds binds to a metal affinity chromatography matrix. Two unusual stretches of contiguous histidine residues, reminiscent of the multiple histidines forming metal binding motifs, at the C-terminal end of 11S globulin acidic chains were hypothesized as candidate elements responsible for the binding capacity. To prove this, the protein was incubated with a lupin seed endopeptidase previously shown to cleave at twin arginine motifs, recurrent in the sequence region of interest. Upon incubation with this enzyme, the loss of metal binding capacity paralleled that of the anti-his-tag reactive polypeptides. The recovered small proteolytic fragment was analyzed by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing and found to correspond to the 24-mer region cleaved off at twin arginine residues and containing the natural his-tag-like region. Similarly, when lupin seeds were germinated for a few days, the his-tag containing 11S globulin chain was converted to a form devoid of such region, suggesting that this mechanism is a part of the natural degradatory process of the protein. The hypothesis that the ordered and controlled dismantling of storage proteins may generate peptide fragments with potential functional roles in plant ontogenesis is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sessa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Magni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ron R. D. Croy
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Brunel-Muguet S, D'Hooghe P, Bataillé MP, Larré C, Kim TH, Trouverie J, Avice JC, Etienne P, Dürr C. Heat stress during seed filling interferes with sulfur restriction on grain composition and seed germination in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:213. [PMID: 25914702 PMCID: PMC4392296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In coming decades, increasing temperatures are expected to impact crop yield and seed quality. To develop low input systems, the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop, need to be jointly considered. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperatures [High Temperature (HT), 33°C/day, 19°C/night vs. Control Temperature (Ctrl T), 20°C/day, 15°C/day] and S supply [High S (HS), 500 μm SO(2-) 4 vs. Low S (LS), 8.7 μM SO(2-) 4] during seed filling on (i) yield components [seed number, seed dry weight (SDW) and seed yield], (ii) grain composition [nitrogen (N) and S contents] and quality [fatty acid (FA) composition and seed storage protein (SSP) accumulation] and (iii) germination characteristics (pre-harvest sprouting, germination rates and abnormal seedlings). Abscisic acid (ABA), soluble sugar contents and seed conductivity were also measured. HT and LS decreased the number of seeds per plant. SDW was less affected due to compensatory effects since the number of seeds decreased under stress conditions. While LS had negative effects on seed composition by reducing the FA contents and increasing the ratio S-poor SSPs (12S globulins)/S-rich SSPs (2S albumins) ratio, HT had positive effects by increasing S and FA contents and decreasing the C18:2/C18:3 ratio and the 12S/2S protein ratio. Seeds produced under HT showed high pre-harvest sprouting rates along with decreased ABA contents and high rates of abnormal seedlings. HT and LS restriction significantly accelerated germination times. High conductivity, which indicates poor seed storage capacity, was higher in HT seeds. Consistently, the lower ratio of (raffinose + stachyose)/sucrose in HT seeds indicated low seed storage capacity. We demonstrated the effects of HT and LS on grain and on germination characteristics. These results suggest that hormonal changes might control several seed characteristics simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Brunel-Muguet
- INRA, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Brunel-Muguet, UMR 950 EVA-, Université Caen-Basse Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Philippe D'Hooghe
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
| | - Marie-Paule Bataillé
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
| | - Colette Larré
- INRA UR 1268 BIA, Rue de la GéraudièreNantes, France
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- UCBN, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S.Caen, France
| | - Carolyne Dürr
- INRA, UMR 1345, Institute of Research on Horticulture and Seeds, SFR QUASAVBeaucouzé, France
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25
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Ye F, Albarouki E, Lingam B, Deising HB, von Wirén N. An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection and biotrophic growth of Colletotrichum graminicola. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:280-292. [PMID: 24512386 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant pathogens as well as for their host plants. As Fe plays a central role in pathogen virulence, most plants have evolved Fe-withholding strategies to reduce Fe availability to pathogens. On the other hand, plants need Fe for an oxidative burst in their basal defense response against pathogens. To investigate how the plant Fe nutritional status affects plant tolerance to a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, we employed the maize-Colletotrichum graminicola pathosystem. Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growth in Fe-deficient leaves, while an adequate Fe nutritional status suppressed the formation of infection structures of C. graminicola already during the early biotrophic growth phase. As indicated by Prussian blue and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining, the retarding effect of an adequate Fe nutritional status on fungal development coincided temporally and spatially with the recruitment of Fe to infection sites and a local production of H2 O2 . A similar coincidence between local Fe and H2 O2 accumulation was found in a parallel approach employing C. graminicola mutants affected in Fe acquisition and differing in virulence. These results indicate that an adequate Fe nutritional status delays and partially suppresses the fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phase of C. graminicola, most likely via the recruitment of free Fe to the fungal infection site for a timely oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Ye
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung (IZN), Halle, D-06120, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Abteilung Physiologie und Zellbiologie, Molekulare Pflanzenernährung, Stadt Seeland, D-06466, Germany
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