1
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Li J, Zhao H, Zhao X, Gong X. Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Red Emission Graphene Quantum Dots for Integrated Fabrication of Luminescent Solar Concentrators. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11722-11729. [PMID: 39248378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) commonly suffer from the fluorescence problem of aggregation-caused quenching under high-concentration loading or in the solid state, which seriously hinders the application. Here we report a type of GQDs with red aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). It is confirmed that the aggregation state of the AIEE GQDs is a J-aggregate. The GQDs/poly(methyl methacrylate) film presented a photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 60.81%, and the record-high performance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) was achieved. The power conversion efficiency (ηPCE) is up to 8.35% and the external optical efficiency (ηext) is ∼8.99% for the GQD-based LSCs (45 mW/cm2). Even under one sun illumination (100 mW/cm2), the corresponding ηPCE and ηext values are 3.12% and 4.52%, respectively. The internal photon efficiency (ηint) of an LSC device is about 5.02%. The synthesis of AIEE GQDs bridges the research gap in the emission mechanism of AIEE in GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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2
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Li P, Li Q, Lu H, Fu Z, Zhou J, Sun C, Wang X. Effect of sludge humic acid-derived nano-biochars on anaerobic degradation of sulfamethoxazole by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118655. [PMID: 38479717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Some nano-biochars (nano-BCs) as electron mediators could enter into cells to directly promote intracellular electron transfer and cell activities. However, little information was available on the effect of nano-BCs on SMX degradation. In this study, nano-BCs were prepared using sludge-derived humic acid (SHA) and their effects on SMX degradation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were investigated. Results showed that nano-BCs (Carbon dots, CDs, <10 nm) synthesized using SHA performed a better accelerating effect than that of the nano-BCs with a larger size (10-100 nm), which could be attributed to the better electron transfer abilities of CDs. The degradation rate of 10 mg/L SMX in the presence of 100 mg/L CDs was significantly increased by 84.6% compared to that without CDs. Further analysis showed that CDs could not only be combined with extracellular Fe(III) to accelerate its reduction, but also participate in the reduction of 4-aminobenzenesulphonic acid as an intermediate metabolite of SMX via coupling with extracellular Fe(III) reduction. Meanwhile, CDs could enter cells to directly participate in intracellular electron transfer, resulting in 32.2% and 25.2% increases of electron transfer system activity and ATP level, respectively. Moreover, the activities of SMX-degrading enzymes located in periplasm and cytoplasm were increased by around 2.2-fold in the presence of CDs. These results provide an insight into the accelerating effect of nano-BCs with the size of <10 nm on SMX degradation and an approach for SHA utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Ze Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chenghao Sun
- SINOPEC (Dalian) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co. Ltd, Dalian, 116045, China.
| | - Xuehai Wang
- SINOPEC (Dalian) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co. Ltd, Dalian, 116045, China
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Li Q, Lu H, Tian T, Fu Z, Dai Y, Li P, Zhou J. Insights into the Acceleration Mechanism of Intracellular N and Fe Co-doped Carbon Dots on Anaerobic Denitrification Using Proteomics and Metabolomics Techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2393-2403. [PMID: 38268063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bulk carbon-based materials can enhance anaerobic biodenitrification when they are present in extracellular matrices. However, little information is available on the effect of nitrogen and iron co-doped carbon dots (N, Fe-CDs) with sizes below 10 nm on this process. This work demonstrated that Fe-NX formed in N, Fe-CDs and their low surface potentials facilitated electron transfer. N, Fe-CDs exhibited good biocompatibility and were effectively absorbed by Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 17588. Intracellular N, Fe-CDs played a dominant role in enhancing anaerobic denitrification. During this process, the nitrate removal rate was significantly increased by 40.60% at 11 h with little nitrite and N2O accumulation, which was attributed to the enhanced activities of the electron transport system and various denitrifying reductases. Based on proteomics and metabolomic analysis, N, Fe-CDs effectively regulated carbon/nitrogen/sulfur metabolism to induce more electron generation, less nitrite/N2O accumulation, and higher levels of nitrogen removal. This work reveals the mechanism by which N, Fe-CDs enhance anaerobic denitrification and broaden their potential application in nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ze Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Song RW, Shen CL, Zheng GS, Ni QC, Liu KK, Zang JH, Dong L, Lou Q, Shan CX. Supramolecular Aggregation of Carbon Nanodots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11669-11677. [PMID: 38060996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular aggregation has provided the archetype concept to understand the variants in an emerging systems property. Herein, we have achieved the supramolecular assembly of carbon nanodots (CDs) for the first time and employ supramolecular aggregation to understand their alteration in photophysical properties. In detail, we have employed the CDs as a block to construct the supramolecular assembly of aggregates in the CDs' antisolvent of ethanol. The CD-based aggregates exhibit complex and organized morphologies with another long-wavelength excitation-dependent emission band. The experimental results and density functional theoretical calculations reveal that the supramolecular assembly of CDs can decrease the energy gap between the ground and excited states, contributing to the new long-wavelength excitation-dependent emission. The supramolecular aggregation can be employed as one universal strategy to manipulate and understand the luminescence of CDs. These findings cast new light to build the emerging systems and understand the light emission of CDs through supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Wei Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guang-Song Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing-Chao Ni
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Liang JM, Zhang F, Zhu YL, Deng XY, Chen XP, Zhou QJ, Tan KJ. One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of Si-doped carbon quantum dots with up-conversion fluorescence as fluorescent probes for dual-readout detection of berberine hydrochloride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121139. [PMID: 35313173 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, the high fluorescent silicon-doped carbon quantum dots (Si-CQDs) were prepared by a facile and one-pot hydrothermal assay using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as the carbon and silicon source. The prepared Si-CQDs exhibit favorable water-soluble, high-temperature resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, high ionic strength resistance, high photostability, film-forming ability and solid-state fluorescence. Compared to other Si-CQDs that have been reported, the prepared Si-CQDs show unique up-conversion fluorescence. Furthermore, it is found that berberine hydrochloride (BH) can effectively quench the down- and up-conversion fluorescence of the Si-CQDs, making it can be used as a highly sensitive and specific probe for BH dual-mode sensing. Meanwhile, the linear range of down-conversion fluorescence detection for BH is 0.5-30.0 µmol/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nmol/L, and the linear range of up-conversion fluorescence assay for BH is 0-25.0 µmol/L. The mechanism of down-conversion fluorescence quenching by BH was investigated through a series of studies. The results show the quenching mechanism is the inner filter effect (IFE). Moreover, this proposed strategy has been well used to analyze BH in urine samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Man Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Ziyang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Ziyang 641399, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450064, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Tongnan Center For Disease Control And Prevention, Tongnan 402660, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ke-Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Kansara V, Tiwari S, Patel M. Graphene quantum dots: A review on the effect of synthesis parameters and theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112605. [PMID: 35688109 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through 'turn-on' and 'turn-off' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushti Kansara
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Kang M, Lee S. Graphene for Nanobiosensors and Nanobiochips. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:203-232. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Smart Sensors for the Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112851. [PMID: 34835617 PMCID: PMC8621137 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have become the subject of intensive interest because their intriguing physical and chemical properties are different from those of their bulk counterparts, leading to novel applications in smart sensors. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites with different structures and toxic effects produced by fungi. Mycotoxins have low molecular weights and highly diverse molecular structures, which can induce a spectrum of biological effects in humans and animals even at low concentrations. A tremendous amount of biosensor platforms based on various carbon nanocomposites have been developed for the determination of mycotoxins. Therefore, the contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our own studies and selected research studies performed by academic groups worldwide. We first address the vital preparation methods of biorecognition unit (antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers)-functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing mycotoxins. Then, we summarize various types of smart sensors for the detection of mycotoxins. We expect future research on smart sensors to show a significant impact on the detection of mycotoxins in food products.
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9
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Cheng R, Xiang Y, Guo R, Li L, Zou G, Fu C, Hou H, Ji X. Structure and Interface Modification of Carbon Dots for Electrochemical Energy Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102091. [PMID: 34318998 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) as new nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics. Notably, structure and interface modification (carbon core, edge, defects, and functional groups) of CDs have been considered as valid methods to regulate their properties, which contain electron transfer effect, electrochemical activity, fluorescence luminescent, and so on. Additionally, CDs with ultrasmall size, excellent dispersibility, high specific surface area, and abundant functional groups can guarantee positive and extraordinary effects in electrical energy storage and conversion. Therefore, CDs are used to couple with other materials by constructing a special interface structure to enhance their properties. Here, diverse structural and interfacial modifications of CDs with various heteroatoms and synergy effects are systematically analyzed. And not only several main syntheses of CDs-based composites (CDs/X) are summarized but also the merit and demerit of CDs/X in electrical energy storage are discussed. Finally, the applications of CDs/X in energy storage devices (supercapacitors, batteries) and electrocatalysts for practical applications are discussed. This review mainly provides a comprehensive summary and future prospect for synthesis, modification, and electrochemical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinger Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chaopeng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Yin C, Chen L, Niu N. Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots fabricated from cellulolytic enzyme lignin and its application to the determination of cytochrome c and trypsin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5239-5249. [PMID: 34212211 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and effective strategy for the detection of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and trypsin was developed using biomass nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as the fluorescence probe. N-CQDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method by utilizing cellulolytic enzyme lignin as the carbon source and ammonia as the solvent and nitrogen source. The obtained N-CQDs had good water solubility and stable optical properties. The introduction of nitrogen increased fluorescence quantum yield (QY) to 8.23%, which was almost four times as high as that before nitrogen doping. The N-CQDs were fabricated as a label-free biosensor to detect Cyt c and trypsin. The fluorescence of N-CQDs was quenched with positively charged Cyt c due to electrostatic induction aggregation and static quenching. However, Cyt c tended to be hydrolyzed into small peptides in the presence of trypsin, which caused fluorescence recovery of the N-CQDs/Cyt c complex. A wide linear response range was achieved for Cyt c within 1-50 μM and the developed N-CQDs/Cyt c complex displayed a linear response for trypsin within 0.09-5.4 U/mL. The detection limits were 0.29 μM for Cyt c and 0.013 U/mL for trypsin, respectively. Furthermore, this assay had been applied to Cyt c and trypsin detection in serum samples with the recoveries in the range of 94.6-98.5% and 95.5-102.0%, respectively. The established method was sensitive, selective, easy to operate, and low cost, which proved its potential application in clinical diagnosis. The synthesis and fluorescence mechanism of N-CQDs and the strategy for Cyt c and trypsin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Na Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Green synthesis of graphene quantum dots from Opuntia sp. extract and their application in phytic acid detection. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Fu Y, Liu L, Li X, Chen H, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhang H. Peptide modified manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles as a sensitive fluorescence nanosensor for non-invasive detection of trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2213-2220. [PMID: 35424166 PMCID: PMC8693661 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a fluorescence turn-on nanosensor (MnIO@pep-FITC) has been proposed for detecting trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo through covalently immobilizing an FITC modified peptide substrate of trypsin (pep-FITC) on manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticle (MnIO NP) surfaces via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) crosslinker. The conjugation of pep-FITC with MnIO NPs results in the quenching of FITC fluorescence. After trypsin cleavage, the FITC moiety is released from the MnIO NP surface, leading to a remarkable recovery of FITC fluorescence signal. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the recovery ratio of FITC fluorescence intensity is linearly dependent on the trypsin concentration in the range of 2 to 100 ng mL-1 in buffer and intracellular trypsin in the lysate of 5 × 102 to 1 × 104 HCT116 cells per mL, respectively. The detection limit of trypsin is 0.6 ng mL-1 in buffer or 359 cells per mL HCT116 cell lysate. The MnIO@pep-FITC is successfully employed to noninvasively monitor trypsin activity in the ultrasmall (ca. 4.9 mm3 in volume) BALB/c nude mouse-bearing HCT116 tumor by in vivo fluorescence imaging with external magnetic field assistance, demonstrating that it has excellent practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
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Jadoon T, Mahmood T, Ayub K. Silver cluster (Ag 6) decorated coronene as non-enzymatic sensor for glucose and H 2O 2. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107824. [PMID: 33360482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver-graphene quantum dots are promising electrochemical sensors due to their unique electronic properties. Herein, we report the comprehensive DFT study to explore the electronic properties of silver cluster (Ag6) decorated coronene as model for silver graphene quantum dots. The current study aims to investigate the sensing ability of silver-coronene complex for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose & H2O2. The stability of the complexes of analytes with silver decorated coronene is supported by their greater interaction energies (-36.7 to -44.9 kcal mol-1). NBO charge analysis and charge decomposition analysis (CDA) reveal donor-acceptor charge transfer interactions in the complexes. Frontier molecular orbital analysis illustrates that charge is transferred from analytes to silver decorated coronene during excitation from HOMO to LUMO. The Uv-visible results show that λmax is red shifted during interactions of analytes with silver decorated coronene. The NCI analysis illustrates the strong non-covalent (M … O) and unusual M … H-O interactions in the complexes. The precedent sensing performance of Ag6-coronene might be attributed to the synergistic effect of both silver clusters and coronene in the composite. The evaluated results validate the excellent sensing ability of silver-graphene quantum dots for the detection of glucose & H2O2. The outcome of the current study and its prospects will open the avenue for the rational development of smart sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Jadoon
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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15
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Walther BK, Dinu CZ, Guldi DM, Sergeyev VG, Creager SE, Cooke JP, Guiseppi-Elie A. Nanobiosensing with graphene and carbon quantum dots: Recent advances. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2020; 39:23-46. [PMID: 37974933 PMCID: PMC10653125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and carbon quantum dots (GQDs and CQDs) are relatively new nanomaterials that have demonstrated impact in multiple different fields thanks to their unique quantum properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biosensing, analyte detection and monitoring wherein a key feature is coupled molecular recognition and signal transduction, is one such field that is being greatly advanced by the use of GQDs and CQDs. In this review, recent progress on the development of biotransducers and biosensors enabled by the creative use of GQDs and CQDs is reviewed, with special emphasis on how these materials specifically interface with biomolecules to improve overall analyte detection. This review also introduces nano-enabled biotransducers and different biosensing configurations and strategies, as well as highlights key properties of GQDs and CQDs that are pertinent to functional biotransducer design. Following relevant introductory material, the literature is surveyed with emphasis on work performed over the last 5 years. General comments and suggestions to advance the direction and potential of the field are included throughout the review. The strategic purpose is to inspire and guide future investigations into biosensor design for quality and safety, as well as serve as a primer for developing GQD- and CQD-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Walther
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir G. Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stephen E. Creager
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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16
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Abstract
Early diagnosis of diseases is of great importance because it increases the chance of a cure and significantly reduces treatment costs. Thus, development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable biosensing techniques is essential for the benefits of human life and health. As such, various nanomaterials have been explored to improve performance of biosensors, among which, carbon dots (CDs) have received enormous attention due to their excellent performance. In this Review, the recent advancements of CD-based biosensors have been carefully summarized. First, biosensors are classified according to their sensing strategies, and the role of CDs in these sensors is elaborated in detail. Next, several typical CD-based biosensors (including CD-only, enzymatic, antigen-antibody, and nucleic acid biosensors) and their applications are fully discussed. Last, advantages, challenges, and perspectives on the future trends of CD-based biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ji
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Graphene quantum dots redefine nanobiomedicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Optical assay of trypsin using a one-dimensional plasmonic grating of gelatin-modified poly(methacrylic acid). Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:280. [PMID: 32314022 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The geometry of resonant absorbers (RA) is varied by tryptic digestion to design a probe platform. The process includes fabrication of a line array of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush as an RA, tailed by the immobilization of gelatin. The gelatin-modified PMAA RA is a kind of one-dimensional plasmonic grating, possessing an optical feature with a characteristic absorption peak. The growth of gelatin on PMAA RA resulted in a blue shift of the absorption peak from 465 to 263 nm. Trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down gelatin into smaller peptides causing the change in geometry of RA. The gelatin of RA was digested in a wide linear range of activity of trypsin from 34 to 1088 U mL-1 resulting in a red shift of the absorption peak of RA from 263 to 474 nm within 10 min. The limit of detection achieved is 11 U mL-1 with ca. 1.9% standard deviation and 101.4% recovery of spiked serum samples. The chemical selectivity of the trypsin assay is evidenced by motoring the changes in a shift of the absorption peak of gelatin-modified PMAA RA using chymotrypsin and horseradish peroxidase. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of synthesis route of 1D gelatin grating on silicon surface for trypsin probing.
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19
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Yang C, Aslan H, Zhang P, Zhu S, Xiao Y, Chen L, Khan N, Boesen T, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Sun Y, Feng Y, Besenbacher F, Zhao F, Yu M. Carbon dots-fed Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for bioelectricity enhancement. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1379. [PMID: 32170166 PMCID: PMC7070098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectricity generation, by Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) MR-1, has become particularly alluring, thanks to its extraordinary prospects for energy production, pollution treatment, and biosynthesis. Attempts to improve its technological output by modification of S. oneidensis MR-1 remains complicated, expensive and inefficient. Herein, we report on the augmentation of S. oneidensis MR-1 with carbon dots (CDs). The CDs-fed cells show accelerated extracellular electron transfer and metabolic rate, with increased intracellular charge, higher adenosine triphosphate level, quicker substrate consumption and more abundant extracellular secretion. Meanwhile, the CDs promote cellular adhesion, electronegativity, and biofilm formation. In bioelectrical systems the CDs-fed cells increase the maximum current value, 7.34 fold, and power output, 6.46 fold. The enhancement efficacy is found to be strongly dependent on the surface charge of the CDs. This work demonstrates a simple, cost-effective and efficient route to improve bioelectricity generation of S. oneidensis MR-1, holding promise in all relevant technologies. Bacterial fuel cells have generated attention with the prospect of green energy production; current research is focused on optimising the system to improve efficiency. Here, the authors report on the feeding of carbon dots to S. oneidensis MR-1 to enhance metabolic activity and bioelectric generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.,Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Hüsnü Aslan
- iNANO Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Research and Education (SDC), 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China
| | - Nasar Khan
- iNANO Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- iNANO Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Electromicrobiology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yuanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China.
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.
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20
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Mohammadi A, Rahmandoust M, Mirzajani F, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Raoufi M. Optimization of the interaction of graphene quantum dots with lipase for biological applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2471-2483. [PMID: 32083405 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are known as emerging sub-10 nm nanoparticles (NPs), which are in fact few-layered pieces of graphene, capable of emitting blue fluorescence, when exposed to 360 nm UV light. Understanding the details of the interaction between GQDs and lipase can serve as a critical step for improving the biological outcome of GQD-derived drug-delivery and diagnosis systems. The interaction occurs in the form of surface adsorption, which can subsequently influence the physicochemical properties of both the NP and the protein. Hence, a systematic approach was taken here to optimize the GQDs' synthesis conditions in order to achieve the highest possible quantum yield (QY). Furthermore, to understands the influence of the interaction of GQDs and lipase, on both the activity of lipase and the emission intensity of GQDs, various incubation conditions were tested to achieve optimized conditions over central composite design algorithm by Design-Expert®, using response surface methodology. The results show that the GQDs fabricated by thermal decomposition of citric acid at 160°C, with a heating duration of 55 min, obtain almost three times higher QY than the highest values reported previously. The best enzymatic activity after the formation of the hard corona, as well as the highest fluorescent emission, were achieved at GQD-to-enzyme ratios within the rage of 23-25%, at temperatures between 41 and 42°C, for 6-8 min. In the aforementioned condition, the enzyme retains 91-95% of its activity and the NP preserves about 80-82% of its fluorescence intensity after incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Mohammadi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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21
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Mansuriya BD, Altintas Z. Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1072. [PMID: 32079119 PMCID: PMC7070974 DOI: 10.3390/s20041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the proliferative cancer rates, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases and a plethora of infections across the globe, it is essential to introduce strategies that can rapidly and specifically detect the ultralow concentrations of relevant biomarkers, pathogens, toxins and pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Considering these pathophysiologies, various research works have become necessary to fabricate biosensors for their early diagnosis and treatment, using nanomaterials like quantum dots (QDs). These nanomaterials effectively ameliorate the sensor performance with respect to their reproducibility, selectivity as well as sensitivity. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are ideally graphene fragments of nanometer size, constitute discrete features such as acting as attractive fluorophores and excellent electro-catalysts owing to their photo-stability, water-solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and lucrativeness that make them favorable candidates for a wide range of novel biomedical applications. Herein, we reviewed about 300 biomedical studies reported over the last five years which entail the state of art as well as some pioneering ideas with respect to the prominent role of GQDs, especially in the development of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we outline the ideal properties of GQDs, their eclectic methods of synthesis, and the general principle behind several biosensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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22
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Ba XX, Zhang L, Yin YL, Jiang FL, Jiang P, Liu Y. Luminescent carbon dots with concentration-dependent emission in solution and yellow emission in solid state. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:77-85. [PMID: 31935587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) is a class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with favorable stability and optical properties. However, CDs in solid state often suffer from fluorescence quenching due to π-π stacking of conjugated systems, like most small molecules or organic dyes. Herein, we prepared the CDs that generate bright yellow luminescence in solid state without any additional matrix, meanwhile the solid CDs are inclined to assembly into spherical structure. While the CDs are dissolved in aqueous solution, the photoluminescence (PL) emission from blue to green can be realized by regulating the concentration of CDs. With the concentration increasing, the self-assembly behavior of CDs is observed in solution, which leads to the bathochromic shift of photoluminescence. Besides, the mechanism of PL conversion in this process was proposed based on the characterization results, that with the concentration of CDs rising in solution, π-π interaction was restrained while electron redistribution was induced. Consequently, a localized state II caused by electron rearrangement gradually becomes the predominant emission state, resulting in the PL emission shifting to long-wavelength region. Moreover, CDs have shown favorable potentials in the field of anti-counterfeit and multicolor bioimaging, making the CDs highly attractive for a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Ba
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Type of Carbon Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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23
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Wei S, Tan L, Yin X, Wang R, Shan X, Chen Q, Li T, Zhang X, Jiang C, Sun G. A sensitive “ON–OFF” fluorescent probe based on carbon dots for Fe2+ detection and cell imaging. Analyst 2020; 145:2357-2366. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive fluorescent probe based on carbon dots has been synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method for the rapid detection of intracellular Fe2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
| | - Lihong Tan
- School of Life Sciences
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ruoming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xueru Shan
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Tinghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
| | - Chunzhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Guoying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
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24
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Liu M, Zhou J, He Y, Cai Z, Ge Y, Zhou J, Song G. ε-Poly-L-lysine-protected Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots with high quantum yield for fluorometric determination of cytochrome c and trypsin. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:770. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Lah C, Jamaludin N, Rokhani F, Rashid S, Noor A. Lard detection using a tapered optical fiber sensor integrated with gold-graphene quantum dots. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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26
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Yang H, Liu Y, Guo Z, Lei B, Zhuang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Hu C. Hydrophobic carbon dots with blue dispersed emission and red aggregation-induced emission. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1789. [PMID: 30996272 PMCID: PMC6470214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been studied for years as one of the most promising fluorescent nanomaterials. However, CDs with red or solid-state fluorescence are rarely reported. Herein, through a one-pot solvothermal treatment, hydrophobic CDs (H-CDs) with blue dispersed emission and red aggregation-induced emission are obtained. When water is introduced, the hydrophobic interaction leads to aggregation of the H-CDs. The formation of H-CD clusters induces the turning off of the blue emission, as the carbonized cores suffer from π-π stacking interactions, and the turning on of the red fluorescence, due to restriction of the surfaces' intramolecular rotation around disulfide bonds, which conforms to the aggregation-induced-emission phenomenon. This on-off fluorescence of the H-CDs is reversible when the H-CD powder is completely dissolved. Moreover, the H-CD solution dispersed in filter paper is nearly colorless. Finally, we develop a reversible two switch-mode luminescence ink for advanced anti-counterfeiting and dual-encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhouyi Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chaofan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Luo X, Bai P, Wang X, Zhao G, Feng J, Ren H. Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and its application as a fluorescent probe for Cr(vi) ion detection. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic method was used to prepare N-CQDs via the hydrothermal treatment of gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Luo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Pengxia Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Guohui Zhao
- Jiaxing City Fur and Footwear Industry Research Institute
- Zhejiang Tongxiang
- China
| | - Jianyan Feng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
| | - Huijun Ren
- School of Arts and Sciences
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi’an 710021
- China
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28
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Zhang S, Ma L, Ma K, Xu B, Liu L, Tian W. Label-Free Aptamer-Based Biosensor for Specific Detection of Chloramphenicol Using AIE Probe and Graphene Oxide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12886-12892. [PMID: 30411022 PMCID: PMC6217583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A facile, sensitive, and label-free aptamer-based fluorescent biosensor (aptasensor) for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection was successfully developed based on an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe and graphene oxide (GO). In this aptasensor, the specific aptamer of CAP (C-Apt) is used as the recognition part, an AIE molecule, 9,10-distyrylanthracene (DSA) derivative with short alkyl chains (9,10-bis{4-[2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-ethoxy]styrene}anthracene dibromide, DSAC2N), as the fluorescent probe, and GO with a low oxidation degree as the fluorescent quencher. Initially, the AIE probe DSAC2N and C-Apt could be adsorbed on GO through π-stacking interactions, and the fluorescence of DSAC2N could be efficiently quenched due to the energy transfer between DSAC2N and GO. When CAP is added, C-Apt can preferentially bind with CAP and the newly formed complex (C-Apt-CAP) can be released from GO, resulting in the recovery of the fluorescence signal of DSAC2N. Thus, with the aid of GO, turn-on detection of CAP can be readily realized by monitoring the fluorescence signal of DSAC2N from "off" to "on". Under the optimized conditions, the aptasensor exhibits a high sensitivity toward CAP with a limit of detection of 1.26 pg/mL. Besides, we have successfully applied this aptasensor to the detection of CAP in spiked milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Leijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular
Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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29
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Tan Q, Zhang R, Kong W, Qu F, Lu L. Ascorbic Acid-Loaded Apoferritin-Assisted Carbon Dot-MnO2 Nanocomposites for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Trypsin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:777-782. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisu Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengli Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Lu
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Poly(styrene-4-sulfonate)-protected copper nanoclusters as a fluorometric probe for sequential detection of cytochrome c and trypsin. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Popow-Stellmaszyk J, Bajorowicz B, Malankowska A, Wysocka M, Klimczuk T, Zaleska-Medynska A, Lesner A. Design, Synthesis, and Enzymatic Evaluation of Novel ZnO Quantum Dot-Based Assay for Detection of Proteinase 3 Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1576-1583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomasz Klimczuk
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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32
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Hu X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Meng M, Liu Z, Ni L, Wu W. Construction and comparison of BSA-stabilized functionalized GQD composite fluorescent probes for selective trypsin detection. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BSA-stabilized amino-functionalized GQDs are the best sensors for trypsin with a low limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yinhua Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Minjia Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Zhanchao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212003
- China
| | - Liang Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Weifu Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212003
- China
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33
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Feng J, Chen Y, Han Y, Liu J, Ma S, Zhang H, Chen X. pH-Regulated Synthesis of Trypsin-Templated Copper Nanoclusters with Blue and Yellow Fluorescent Emission. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9109-9117. [PMID: 30023601 PMCID: PMC6045342 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a simple protocol to prepare water-soluble fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) using trypsin as a stabilizer and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent was reported. It was found that the pH of the reaction solution was critical in determining the fluorescence of CuNCs. CuNCs with blue and yellow fluorescent emission were obtained under basic and acidic conditions, respectively. Although the detailed formation mechanisms of these CuNCs required further analysis, the synthetic route was promising for preparing different fluorescent metal NCs for applications. With good water solubility and excellent photostability, the yellow-emitting CuNCs could serve as a fluorescence probe for detection of Hg2+ based on the aggregation-induced quenching mechanism. The fluorescence quenching efficiency had fantastic linearity to Hg2+ concentrations in the range of 0.1-100 μM, with a limit of detection of 30 nM. Additionally, the yellow-emitting CuNCs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and were successfully applied to bioimaging of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yonglei Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yangxia Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sudai Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huige Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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34
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Shen CL, Su LX, Zang JH, Li XJ, Lou Q, Shan CX. Carbon Nanodots as Dual-Mode Nanosensors for Selective Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:447. [PMID: 28687039 PMCID: PMC5500605 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important product of oxidase-based enzymatic reactions, such as glucose/glucose oxidase (GOD) reaction. Therefore, the probing of generated H2O2 for achieving the detection of various carbohydrates and their oxidases is very significative. Herein, we report one kind of dual-emission carbon nanodots (CDs) that can serve as novel dual-mode nanosensors with both fluorometric and colorimetric output for the selective detection of H2O2. The dual-model nanosensors are established only by the undecorated dual-emission CDs, where significant fluorometric and colorimetric changes are observed with the addition of different concentrations of H2O2 in the CD solution, which benefit to the achievement of the naked-eye detection for H2O2. The mechanism of the nanosensors can be attributed to the fact that the external chemical stimuli like hydroxyl radicals from H2O2 bring about the change of surface properties and the aggregation of CDs, which dominate the emission and absorption of CDs. The constructed dual-mode nanosensors exhibit good biocompatibility and high selectivity toward H2O2 with a linear detection range spanning from 0.05 to 0.5 M and allow the detection of H2O2 as low as 14 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Shen
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Li-Xia Su
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xin-Jian Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Qing Lou
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Dong Nanhu Road, Changchun, 130033 China
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35
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Hou C, Wang M, Guo L, Jia Q, Ge J. Carbon Dot Assemblies for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Photothermal Therapy In Vitro. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Hou
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liang Guo
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingyan Jia
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
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36
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Feng H, Qian Z. Functional Carbon Quantum Dots: A Versatile Platform for Chemosensing and Biosensing. CHEM REC 2017; 18:491-505. [PMID: 29171708 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dot has emerged as a new promising fluorescent nanomaterial due to its excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility and accessible fabrication methods, and has shown huge application perspective in a variety of areas, especially in chemosensing and biosensing applications. In this personal account, we give a brief overview of carbon quantum dots from its origin and preparation methods, present some advance on fluorescence origin of carbon quantum dots, and focus on development of chemosensors and biosensors based on functional carbon quantum dots. Comprehensive advances on functional carbon quantum dots as a versatile platform for sensing from our group are included and summarized as well as some typical examples from the other groups. The biosensing applications of functional carbon quantum dots are highlighted from selective assays of enzyme activity to fluorescent identification of cancer cells and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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37
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Kumawat MK, Thakur M, Gurung RB, Srivastava R. Graphene Quantum Dots for Cell Proliferation, Nucleus Imaging, and Photoluminescent Sensing Applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15858. [PMID: 29158566 PMCID: PMC5696518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a simple one-pot microwave assisted "green synthesis" of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) using grape seed extract as a green therapeutic carbon source. These GQDs readily self-assemble, hereafter referred to as "self-assembled" GQDs (sGQDs) in the aqueous medium. The sGQDs enter via caveolae and clathrin-mediated endocytosis and target themselves into cell nucleus within 6-8 h without additional assistance of external capping/targeting agent. The tendency to self-localize themselves into cell nucleus also remains consistent in different cell lines such as L929, HT-1080, MIA PaCa-2, HeLa, and MG-63 cells, thereby serving as a nucleus labelling agent. Furthermore, the sGQDs are highly biocompatible and act as an enhancer in cell proliferation in mouse fibroblasts as confirmed by in vitro wound scratch assay and cell cycle analysis. Also, photoluminescence property of sGQDs (lifetime circa (ca.) 10 ns) was used for optical pH sensing application. The sGQDs show linear, cyclic and reversible trend in its fluorescence intensity between pH 3 and pH 10 (response time: ~1 min, sensitivity -49.96 ± 3.5 mV/pH) thereby serving as a good pH sensing agent. A simple, cost-effective, scalable and green synthetic approach based sGQDs can be used to develop selective organelle labelling, nucleus targeting in theranostics, and optical sensing probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Kumawat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mukeshchand Thakur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Raju B Gurung
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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38
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Zhu X, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Huang C, Shan Y, Liu C, Qin X, Yang W, Chen X, Wang T. Understanding the Selective Detection of Fe3+ Based on Graphene Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Probes: The Ksp of a Metal Hydroxide-Assisted Mechanism. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12054-12058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenjie Xue
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Shan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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39
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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40
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Paper strip-embedded graphene quantum dots: a screening device with a smartphone readout. Sci Rep 2017; 7:976. [PMID: 28428623 PMCID: PMC5430532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple, inexpensive and rapid sensing systems are very demanded for a myriad of uses. Intrinsic properties of emerging paper-based analytical devices have demonstrated considerable potential to fulfill such demand. This work reports an easy-to-use, low cost, and disposable paper-based sensing device for rapid chemical screening with a smartphone readout. The device comprises luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) sensing probes embedded into a nitrocellulose matrix where the resonance energy transfer phenomenon seems to be the sensing mechanism. The GQDs probes were synthesized from citric acid by a pyrolysis procedure, further physisorbed and confined into small wax-traced spots on the nitrocellulose substrate. The GQDs were excited by an UV LED, this, is powered by a smartphone used as both; energy source and imaging capture. The LED was contained within a 3D-printed dark chamber that isolates the paper platform from external light fluctuations leading to highly reproducible data. The cellulose-based device was proven as a promising screening tool for phenols and polyphenols in environmental and food samples, respectively. It opens up new opportunities for simple and fast screening of organic compounds and offers numerous possibilities for versatile applications. It can be especially useful in remote settings where sophisticated instrumentation is not always available.
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41
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Achadu OJ, Nyokong T. Graphene quantum dots coordinated to mercaptopyridine-substituted phthalocyanines: Characterization and application as fluorescence "turn ON" nanoprobes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 174:339-347. [PMID: 27984755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the design of novel nanoconjugates of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and tetra or octa-mercaptopyridine-substituted zinc and aluminium phthalocyanines (Pcs) deployed as fluorescence "turn ON" nanoprobes. The phthalocyanines were separately adsorbed onto the planar structure of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via π-π stacking interaction to form GQDs-mercaptopyridine Pcs nanoconjugates. The quaternized Pc complexes could also interact with the GQDs through electrostatic attraction due to the positive charges on the Pcs ring substituents and the negative charges on the surface of GQDs. The fluorescence emission of the GQDs was quenched upon coordination to the respective Pcs. However, the fluorescence emission was "turned ON" in the presence of Hg2+ employed as a test analyte. The mechanism of the "turn ON" of the GQDs emission in the nanoconjugates is ascribed to the strong affinity of Hg2+ to bind with the bridging sulfur on the Pcs periphery thereby disrupting the π-π stacking interaction between the GQDs and the Pcs with a consequent "turn ON" of the coordinated GQDs' fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojodomo J Achadu
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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42
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Carbon Dots for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. SPRINGER SERIES ON CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/5346_2017_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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43
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Thakur M, Kumawat MK, Srivastava R. Multifunctional graphene quantum dots for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy coupled with cancer cell tracking applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An Indian fig tree serves as a green factory by providing withered leaves as a carbon source for graphene quantum dots synthesis. The quantum dots are multi-functional and have tremendous theranostic biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukeshchand Thakur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kumawat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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44
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Shi F, Liu S, Su X. l-Cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for sequential detection of lysozyme and trypsin. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence assay for the sequential determination of lysozyme and trypsin was established based on l-cysteine capped CdTe quantum dots. Lysozyme with positive charges can interact with l-cysteine capped CdTe quantum dots. Lysozyme can be hydrolyzed into small fragments in the presence of trypsin, and the interaction between l-cysteine-capped CdTe QDs and lysozyme would be inhibited, which could be used for trypsin quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Shi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- College of Life and Health Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110000
- China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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45
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Gao J, Zhu M, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. Advances, challenges and promises of carbon dots. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00614d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-dots with unique physical and chemical properties have versatile applications in environmental and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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46
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Abstract
We demonstrate GQD-based bio-conjugation. Targeted imaging can be achieved in both cells and tissue models with single or multi-color staining, showing universality for different kinds of biological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuyu Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Sha Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
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47
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Cao L, Li X, Qin L, Kang SZ, Li G. Graphene quantum dots supported by graphene oxide as a sensitive fluorescence nanosensor for cytochrome c detection and intracellular imaging. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6300-6306. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of Cyt c detection fluorescence sensor based on graphene quantum dots supported by graphene oxide has been facilely developed. The sensor shows a high sensitivity and selectivity for Cyt c detection, and further exhibits favorable intracellular imaging in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Center of Graphene Research
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Xiangqing Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Center of Graphene Research
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Lixia Qin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Center of Graphene Research
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Shi-Zhao Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Center of Graphene Research
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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48
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Gulzar A, Yang P, He F, Xu J, Yang D, Xu L, Jan MO. Bioapplications of graphene constructed functional nanomaterials. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 262:69-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Pang X, Bian H, Wang W, Liu C, Khan MS, Wang Q, Qi J, Wei Q, Du B. A bio-chemical application of N-GQDs and g-C 3N 4 QDs sensitized TiO 2 nanopillars for the quantitative detection of pcDNA3-HBV. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:456-464. [PMID: 28064131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, TiO2 nanopillars (NPs)/N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs)/g-C3N4 QDs heterojunction efficiently suppressed the photogenerated charges recombination and improved photo-to-current conversion efficiency. The introduced N-GQDs and g-C3N4 QDs could result in more effective separation of the photogenerated charges, and thus produce a further increase of the photocurrent. TiO2 NPs/N-GQDs/g-C3N4 QDs were firstly applied as the photoactive materials for the fabrication of the biosensors, and the primers of pcDNA3-HBV were then adsorbed on the TiO2 NPs/N-GQDs/g-C3N4 QDs modified electrode under the activation of EDC/NHS. With increase of the pcDNA3-HBV concentration, the photocurrent reduced once the double helix between the primers and pcDNA3-HBV formed. The developed photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor showed a sensitive response to pcDNA3-HBV in a linear range of 0.01 fmol/L to 20nmol/L with a detection limit of 0.005 fmol/L under the optimal conditions. The biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good selectivity, good stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Malik Saddam Khan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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50
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Ertürk G, Hedström M, Mattiasson B. A sensitive and real-time assay of trypsin by using molecular imprinting-based capacitive biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:557-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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