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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Jiang BH, Lee HE, Lu JH, Tsai TH, Shieh TS, Jeng RJ, Chen CP. High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Featuring a Surface Phase-Matched Transmission-Enhancing Ag/ITO Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39496-39504. [PMID: 32805877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a surface phase-matched transmission enhancement top electrode-Ag/indium tin oxide (ITO) structure for highly efficient and aesthetic semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs). The purposed highly transparent back electrodes (Ag/ITO) could selectively decrease visible reflection and increase transparency accordingly. By altering the thicknesses of the Ag and ITO layers, we could control the transmittance curve and increase the transparency of the ST-OPV devices. Devices based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6:PC71BM displayed outstanding performance (8.1 and 10.2%, respectively) with high photopic-weighted visible light transmittance (36.2 and 28.6%, respectively). The outstanding visible and near-infrared light harvesting of PM6:Y6:PC71BM further allowed a new application: double-sided energy harvesting from solar and indoor illumination. The simple optical design of a top electrode displaying high transparency/conductivity has a wide range of potential applications in, for example, greenhouse photovoltaics, tandem cells, and portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Huang Jiang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - He-En Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shou Shieh
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Jong Jeng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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Jo J, Kang S, Heo JS, Kim Y, Park SK. Flexible Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices Made by Solution Methods. Chemistry 2020; 26:9126-9156. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong‐Wan Jo
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringChung-Ang University Seoul 06980 Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Han Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringChung-Ang University Seoul 06980 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Heo
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Yong‐Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringChung-Ang University Seoul 06980 Republic of Korea
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Yao M, Li T, Long Y, Shen P, Wang G, Li C, Liu J, Guo W, Wang Y, Shen L, Zhan X. Color and transparency-switchable semitransparent polymer solar cells towards smart windows. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:217-224. [PMID: 36659175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs) have attracted worldwide attention owing to unique superiority in multiple utilization of incident light. However, the color of ST-PSCs is relatively uniform after fabrication, cannot be dynamically tuned in terms of application requirement. Herein, we demonstrate a high-efficiency ST-PSCs as a smart window, which can be reversibly switched on and off by a gasochromic tungsten trioxide/platinum (WO3/Pt) back reflector layer. The ST-PSCs can be switchable between colored and bleached states with fast response speed of sub-second during hydrogen exposure. Meanwhile, the color and transparency-switching enable light trapping enhancement in long wavelength range, which can systematically improve power conversion efficiency (PCE). As a result, the ST-PSCs contribute a PCE of 10.2% and 9.1% as well as corresponding average visible transmission (AVT) of 25.4% and 33.8% at colored state and bleached state, respectively, which can meet the visual aesthetics requirement well in building integrated photovoltaics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for ST-PSCs that achieve both color-switching and light trapping. Furthermore, the smart windows facing to automobile sunroof are proposed to prove a practical application towards commercialization. We believe that smart windows with gasochromic functions can promise potential opportunities and directions for the future development of ST-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongbing Long
- School of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Tai Q, Yan F. Emerging Semitransparent Solar Cells: Materials and Device Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28683169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent solar cells can provide not only efficient power-generation but also appealing images and show promising applications in building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics, photovoltaic vehicles and so forth in the future. Such devices have been successfully realized by incorporating transparent electrodes in new generation low-cost solar cells, including organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this review, the advances in the preparation of semitransparent OSCs, DSCs, and PSCs are summarized, focusing on the top transparent electrode materials and device designs, which are all crucial to the performance of these devices. Techniques for optimizing the efficiency, color and transparency of the devices are addressed in detail. Finally, a summary of the research field and an outlook into the future development in this area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Tai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Petridis C, Konios D, Stylianakis MM, Kakavelakis G, Sygletou M, Savva K, Tzourmpakis P, Krassas M, Vaenas N, Stratakis E, Kymakis E. Solution processed reduced graphene oxide electrodes for organic photovoltaics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2016; 1:375-382. [PMID: 32260627 DOI: 10.1039/c5nh00089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the isolation of free standing graphene in 2004, graphene research has experienced a phenomenal growth. Due to its exceptional electronic, optical and mechanical properties, graphene is believed to be the next wonder material for optoelectronics. The enhanced electrical conductivity, combined with its high transparency in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, enabled graphene to be an ideal low cost indium-tin oxide (ITO) substitute. Solution-processed reduced graphene oxide combines the unique optoelectrical properties of graphene with large area deposition and flexible substrates rendering it compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing methods. This paper provides an overview of recent research progress in the application and consequent physical-chemical properties of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide-based films as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be effectively utilized as the TCE in flexible OPVs, where the brittle and expensive ITO is incompatible. The prospects and future research trends in graphene-based TCEs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Petridis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, Heraklion 71004, Crete, Greece.
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Wang D, Zhou W, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhang H. Performance improvement in flexible polymer solar cells based on modified silver nanowire electrode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:335203. [PMID: 27383462 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/33/335203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this work, an efficient flexible polymer solar cell was achieved by controlling the UV-ozone treatment time of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) used in the electrode and combined with other modification materials. Through optimizing the time of UV-ozone treatment, it is shown that Ag NWs electrode treated by UV-ozone for 10 s improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device based on the blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT): [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) from 0.76% to 1.34%. After treatment by UV-ozone, Ag NWs electrodes exhibit several promising characteristics, including high optical transparency, low sheet resistance and superior surface work function. As a consequence, the performance of devices utilizing 10 s UV-ozone-treated Ag NWs with PEDOT PSS or MoO3 as composite anode showed higher PCEs of 2.77% (2.73%) compared with that for Ag NW electrodes without UV-ozone treatment. In addition, a PCE of 5.97% in flexible polymer solar cells based on poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl](PBDTTT-EFT):[6, 6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as a photoactive layer was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, and Institute of The Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Yin Z, Wei J, Zheng Q. Interfacial Materials for Organic Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500362. [PMID: 27812480 PMCID: PMC5067618 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have shown great promise as low-cost photovoltaic devices for solar energy conversion over the past decade. Interfacial engineering provides a powerful strategy to enhance efficiency and stability of OSCs. With the rapid advances of interface layer materials and active layer materials, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of both single-junction and tandem OSCs have exceeded a landmark value of 10%. This review summarizes the latest advances in interfacial layers for single-junction and tandem OSCs. Electron or hole transporting materials, including metal oxides, polymers/small-molecules, metals and metal salts/complexes, carbon-based materials, organic-inorganic hybrids/composites, and other emerging materials, are systemically presented as cathode and anode interface layers for high performance OSCs. Meanwhile, incorporating these electron-transporting and hole-transporting layer materials as building blocks, a variety of interconnecting layers for conventional or inverted tandem OSCs are comprehensively discussed, along with their functions to bridge the difference between adjacent subcells. By analyzing the structure-property relationships of various interfacial materials, the important design rules for such materials towards high efficiency and stable OSCs are highlighted. Finally, we present a brief summary as well as some perspectives to help researchers understand the current challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
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Kim HP, Lee SJ, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Jang J. A high performance organic photovoltaic utilizing PEDOT:PSS and graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2016; 6:28599-28606. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interface engineering may lead to a high performance organic photovoltaic as well as long lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Pil Kim
- Department of Information
- Display
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Lee
- Department of Information
- Display
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Jang
- Department of Information
- Display
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Wang Z, Saito T, Miyadera T, Chikamatsu M, Shimada S, Azumi R. Fabrication of carbon nanotube hybrid films as transparent electrodes for small-molecule photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01674j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A methodology for fabricating small-molecule photovoltaic cells on carbon nanotube transparent electrodes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Research Center for Photovoltaics
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- Research Center for Photovoltaics
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Research Center for Photovoltaics
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Satoru Shimada
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Reiko Azumi
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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Reginato G, Mordini A, Zani L, Calamante M, Dessì A. Photoactive Compounds Based on the Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole Core and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaics. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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da Silva WJ, Schneider FK, Yusoff ARBM, Jang J. High performance polymer tandem solar cell. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18090. [PMID: 26669577 PMCID: PMC4680961 DOI: 10.1038/srep18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A power conversion efficiency of 9.02% is obtained for a fully solution-processed polymer tandem solar cell, based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit polymer as a low bandgap photoactive material in the rear subcell, in conjunction with a new robust interconnecting layer. This interconnecting layer is optically transparent, electrically conductive, and physically strong, thus, the charges can be collected and recombined in the interconnecting layer under illumination, while the charge is generated and extracted under dark conditions. This indicates that careful interface engineering of the charge-carrier transport layer is a useful approach to further improve the performance of polymer tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Jose da Silva
- Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, GPGEI - Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 - CEP 80230-901 - Curitiba, Parana, Brasil
| | - Fabio Kurt Schneider
- Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, GPGEI - Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 - CEP 80230-901 - Curitiba, Parana, Brasil
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Information, Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, 130-171 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Department of Information, Display and Advanced Display Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, 130-171 Republic of Korea
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Teridi MAM, Sookhakian M, Basirun WJ, Zakaria R, Schneider FK, da Silva WJ, Kim J, Lee SJ, Kim HP, Yusoff ARBM, Jang J. Plasmon enhanced organic devices utilizing highly ordered nanoimprinted gold nanodisks and nitrogen doped graphene. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7091-7100. [PMID: 25640454 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High performance organic devices including polymer solar cells (PSCs) and light emitting diodes (PLEDs) were successfully demonstrated with the presence of highly ordered nanoimprinted Au nanodisks (Au NDs) in their solution-processed active/emissive layers, respectively. PSCs and PLEDs were fabricated using a low bandgap polymer and acceptor, nitrogen doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (n-MWCNTs:PTB7), and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and (4,4-N,N-dicarbazole) biphenyl (CBP) doped with tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(iii) (Ir(ppy)3) as active/emissive layers, respectively. We synthesized nitrogen doped graphene and used it as anodic buffer layer in both devices. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect from Au NDs clearly contributed to the increase in light absorption/emission in the active layers from electromagnetic field enhancement, which originated from the excited LSPR in PSCs and PLEDs. In addition to the high density of LSPR and strong exciton-SP coupling, the electroluminescent (EL) enhancement is ascribed to enhanced spontaneous emission rates. This is due to the plasmonic near-field effect induced by Au NDs. The PSCs and PLEDs exhibited 14.98% (8.08% to 9.29%) under one sun of simulated air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) illumination (100 mW cm(-2)) and 19.18% (8.24 to 9.82 lm W(-1)) enhancement in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) compared to the control devices without Au NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asri Mat Teridi
- Solar Energy Research Institute, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lee SJ, Kim JY, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Jang J. Plasmonic organic solar cell employing Au NP:PEDOT:PSS doped rGO. RSC Adv 2015; 5:23892-23899. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02878g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a comprehensive study of the influence of NPs on organic solar cells by introducing Au NPs into OSCs fabricated using PEDOT:PSS:rGO. The PEDOT:PSS:rGO embedded with Au NPs had better Jsc and PCE values than the control devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joo Lee
- Department of Information
- Display and Advanced Display Research Center
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Information
- Display and Advanced Display Research Center
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Information
- Display and Advanced Display Research Center
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Department of Information
- Display and Advanced Display Research Center
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-171
- Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Bae TS, Park YH, Kim DH, Lee S, Min G, Lee GH, Song M, Yun J. Highly efficient and bendable organic solar cells using a three-dimensional transparent conducting electrode. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6911-6924. [PMID: 24835145 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) transparent conducting electrode, consisting of a quasi-periodic array of discrete indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles superimposed on a highly conducting oxide-metal-oxide multilayer using ITO and silver oxide (AgOx) as oxide and metal layers, respectively, is synthesized on a polymer substrate and used as an anode in highly flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). The 3D electrode is fabricated using vacuum sputtering sequences to achieve self-assembly of distinct ITO nanoparticles on a continuous ITO-AgOx-ITO multilayer at room-temperature without applying conventional high-temperature vapour-liquid-solid growth, solution-based nanoparticle coating, or complicated nanopatterning techniques. Since the 3D electrode enhances the hole-extraction rate in OSCs owing to its high surface area and low effective series resistance for hole transport, OSCs based on this 3D electrode exhibit a power conversion efficiency that is 11-22% higher than that achievable in OSCs by means of conventional planar ITO film-type electrodes. A record high efficiency of 6.74% can be achieved in a bendable OSC fabricated on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Venkatesan S, Adhikari N, Chen J, Ngo EC, Dubey A, Galipeau DW, Qiao Q. Interplay of nanoscale domain purity and size on charge transport and recombination dynamics in polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1011-1019. [PMID: 24292406 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport and bimolecular recombination dynamics were correlated with nanomorphology in polymer solar cells. The morphology of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) (PDPP3T) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) blend films was modified using different solvent additives namely 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT) and their role on steady state and transient optoelectronic properties was investigated. The energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images showed that additives (e.g. CN and DIO) improved the domain purity which leads to significantly higher short circuit current densities (Jsc). However when the cells were processed with the ODT additive, the fill factor (FF) and open circuit voltage (Voc) decreased dramatically. Films processed with the ODT additive showed a smaller domain size but were more connected compared to films processed using CN and DIO additives. Transient photocurrent analysis indicates faster charge collection in the case of CN and DIO processed solar cells and the slowest charge collection in ODT processed solar cells. Interestingly devices processed with the ODT additive also showed the longest charge carrier recombination lifetime and lowest bimolecular recombination coefficient. This is attributed to the smaller donor domains that are connected with each other to provide a more interconnected and efficient charge transport matrix but longer pathways in ODT films. Such a matrix helped the charge to escape from the donor-acceptor interfaces and thus reduces the bimolecular recombination, while the longer pathway increases the charge collection time. Further insight is provided into the selection of processing conditions to achieve an ideal active layer morphology consisting of domains with higher polymer purity and optimal size that lead to higher Jsc and FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan Venkatesan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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