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Sun J, Liu W, He Z, Li B, Dong H, Liu M, Huang J, Li P, Li D, Xu Y, Zhao S, Guo Y, Sun X. Novel electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on AuNPs-ABEI encapsulated TiO 2 nanorod for the detection of acetamiprid residues in vegetables. Talanta 2024; 269:125471. [PMID: 38061203 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)@N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI)@Titanium dioxide nanorods (TiO2NRs) were used as sensing materials to produce a unique encapsulated nanostructure aptasensor for the detection of acetamiprid residues in this work. ABEI, an analog of luminol, was extensively used as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagent. The ECL mechanism of ABEI- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system had connections to a number of oxygen-centered free radicals. TiO2NRs improved ECL response with high electron transfer and a specific surface area. AuNPs were easy to biolabel and could catalyze H2O2 to enhance ECL signal. AuNPs were wrapped around TiO2NRs by utilizing the reduction property of ABEI to form wrapped modified nanomaterials. The sulfhydryl-modified aptamer bound to the nanomaterial by forming gold-sulfur (Au-S) bonds. The aptamer selectively bound to its target with the addition of acetamiprid, which caused a considerable decrease in ECL intensity and enabled quantitative detection of acetamiprid. The aptasensor showed good stability, repeatability and specificity with a broad detection range (1×10-2-1×103 nM) and a lower limit of detection (3 pM) for acetamiprid residues in vegetables. Overall, this aptasensor presents a simple and highly sensitive method for ECL detecting acetamiprid, with potential applications in vegetable safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Sun
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Zhenying He
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Haowei Dong
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Jingcheng Huang
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Donghan Li
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Yingchao Xu
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yemin Guo
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
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Hussain S, Adeloju SB. Layered Architectural Fabrication of a Novel Sulfite Nanobiosensor by Encapsulation of Sulfite Oxidase on a Polypyrrole-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Decorated with Platinum Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305333. [PMID: 37857587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a highly selective and ultrasensitive sulfite nanobiosensor based on a layered architectural fabrication aided by the encapsulation of sulfite oxidase (SOx) in Nafion (Naf) matrix on a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polypyrrole (MWCNTs-PPy) composite decorated with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) is described. The MWCNTs are deposited in the inner layer on a Pt electrode during electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py), followed by decoration with a PtNPs layer and subsequent encapsulation of SOx with Naf in the third layer capped with a fourth thin PtNPs layer. Images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveal that high-density PtNPs are deposited onto the 3D nanostructured inner MWCNTs-PPy layer and the electrochemical behavior is investigated. A large surface area provided by the incorporation of MWCNTs in the composite and decoration with PtNPs enables increased SOx loading, SOx retention, and substantial improvement in sensing performance. The resulting layered PtNPs/SOx-Naf/PtNPs/MWCNTs-PPy nanobiosensor exhibits a fast response time (within 3 s), a linear calibration range of 20 nmm - 6 m with an excellent sensitivity of 71 µA mm-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 5.4 nm. The nanobiosensor was effective in discriminating against common interferants and was successfully applied to sulfite determination in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel B Adeloju
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Faculty of Science & Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
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Khan S, Dunphy A, Anike MS, Belperain S, Patel K, Chiu NHL, Jia Z. Recent Advances in Carbon Nanodots: A Promising Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6786. [PMID: 34202631 PMCID: PMC8269108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials and have generated much interest in the field of biomedicine by way of unique properties, such as superior biocompatibility, stability, excellent photoluminescence, simple green synthesis, and easy surface modification. CNDs have been featured in a host of applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of CNDs and discuss key advances in our comprehension of CNDs and their potential as biomedical tools. We highlighted the recent developments in the understanding of the functional tailoring of CNDs by modifying dopants and surface molecules, which have yielded a deeper understanding of their antioxidant behavior and mechanisms of action. The increasing amount of in vitro research regarding CNDs has also spawned interest in in vivo practices. Chief among them, we discuss the emergence of research analyzing CNDs as useful therapeutic agents in various disease states. Each subject is debated with reflection on future studies that may further our grasp of CNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeera Khan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Andrew Dunphy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Mmesoma S. Anike
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Sarah Belperain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamal Patel
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Norman H. L. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.K.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.); (S.B.); (K.P.)
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Li F, Liu Y, Li Z, Li Q, Liu X, Cui H. Cu(II)-Regulated On-Site Assembly of Highly Chemiluminescent Multifunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Activity Determination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2903-2909. [PMID: 31851480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel signal-on chemiluminescence (CL) assay for pyrophosphatase (PPase) activity determination was innovatively developed based on the Cu(II)-regulated on-site assembly of highly chemiluminescent Cu(II), N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI), gold nanodot, and chitosan multifunctionalized carbon nanotubes (Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs). First, ABEI-functionalized gold nanodots (ABEI-Au) were assembled on the surface of chitosan-modified carbon nanotubes (cs-CNTs) via the reduction of HAuCl4 with ABEI in a cs-CNT suspension to form ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs. Then, it was found that the catalyst Cu(II) can be selectively, efficiently, and quickly adsorbed onto ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs via the high-affinity interactions between Cu(II) and cs-CNTs to form novel hybrid nanomaterials Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs. The CL intensity of Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs was enhanced by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs. Furthermore, it was found that in the presence of pyrophosphate ions (PPi), PPi could coordinate with Cu(II) to form a stable PPi-Cu(II) complex and block the assembly of Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs. After the addition of PPase, PPase could catalyze the hydrolysis of PPi into Pi and release Cu(II) from the PPi-Cu(II) complex. The released free Cu(II) could trigger the on-site assembly of highly chemiluminescent Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs, resulting in an enhanced CL intensity. The enhanced CL intensity had a good linear relationship with the activity units of PPase ranging from 0.025 to 0.5 U, with a detection limit of 9 mU. The method was employed to monitor the PPase inhibitor efficiently. Cu(II)/ABEI-Au/cs-CNTs with excellent CL may also find more applications in the development of novel CL analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yating Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Zimu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
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Panwar N, Soehartono AM, Chan KK, Zeng S, Xu G, Qu J, Coquet P, Yong KT, Chen X. Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9559-9656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Panwar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alana Mauluidy Soehartono
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Philippe Coquet
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520—Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Kong W, Li Q, Wang W, Zhao X, Jiang S, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Shen W, Cui H. Rational design of functional materials guided by single particle chemiluminescence imaging. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5444-5451. [PMID: 31293726 PMCID: PMC6553381 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) functionalized materials have found tremendous value in developing CL assays for clinical assays and point-of-care tests. To date, the design and optimization of these materials have mainly relied on conventional trial-and-error procedures in which the ensemble performance is evaluated using conditional experiments. Here we have built an optical microscope to acquire the CL emission from single magnetic-polymer hybrid microbeads functionalized with luminol analogues, and to access the CL kinetics of each individual particle. It was incidentally found that a minor subpopulation of microbeads exhibited intense and delayed CL emission while the majority showed transient and weak emission. Structural characterization of the very same individual particles uncovered that the amorphous multi-core microstructures were responsible for the enhanced encapsulation efficiency and optimized CL reaction kinetics. Guided by this knowledge stemming from single particle CL imaging, the synthesis procedure was rationally optimized to enrich the portion of microbeads with better CL performance, which was validated by both single particle imaging and the significantly improved analytical performance at the ensemble level. The present work not only demonstrates the CL imaging and CL kinetics curve of single microbeads for the first time, but also sets a clear example showing the capability of single particle studies to investigate the structure-activity relationship in a bottom-up manner and to help the rational design of ensemble materials with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Metrology , Room 303, No. 10 Lishuiqiaojia, Chaoyang District , Beijing , 102200 , P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale , iChEM , Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Tianhua Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale , iChEM , Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Hua Cui
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
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Zhu Q, Huang J, Yan M, Ye J, Wang D, Lu Q, Yang X. N-(Aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol)-functionalized gold nanoparticles on cobalt disulfide nanowire hybrids for the non-enzymatic chemiluminescence detection of H 2O 2. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14847-14851. [PMID: 30059104 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
N-(Aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on cobalt disulfide nanowires (ABEI/AuNPs/CoS2 NWs) are rapidly synthesized through a microwave-assisted reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) on CoS2 NWs with ABEI. The obtained nanohybrids with enhanced chemiluminescence are exploited for the non-enzymatic detection of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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8
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Zhao X, Zhou W, Lu C. Fabrication of Noncoplanar Molecule Aggregates with Inherent Porous Structures for Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10078-10084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Kong W, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Gao L, Cui H. Highly Chemiluminescent Magnetic Beads for Label-Free Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7145-7151. [PMID: 28551993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Until now, despite the great success acquired in scientific research and commercial applications, magnetic beads (MBs) have been used for nothing more than a carrier in most cases in bioassays. In this work, highly chemiluminescent magnetic beads containing N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl isoluminol (ABEI) and Co2+ (Co2+/ABEI/MBs) were first synthesized via a facile strategy. ABEI and Co2+ were grafted onto the surface of carboxylated MBs by virtue of a carboxyl group and electrostatic interaction. The as-prepared Co2+/ABEI/MBs exhibited good paramagnetic properties, satisfactory stability, and intense chemiluminescence (CL) emission when reacted with H2O2, which was more than 150 times that of ABEI functionalized MBs. Furthermore, it was found that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) aptamer could attach to the surface of Co2+/ABEI/MBs via electrostatic interaction and coordination interaction between TNT aptamer and Co2+, leading to a decrease in CL intensity due to the catalytic site Co2+ being blocked by the aptamer. In the presence of TNT, TNT would bind strongly with TNT aptamer and detach from the surface of Co2+/ABEI/MBs, resulting in partial restoration of the CL signal. Accordingly, label-free aptasensor was developed for the determination of TNT in the range of 0.05-25 ng/mL with a detection limit of 17 pg/mL. This work demonstrates that Co2+/ABEI/MBs are easily connected with recognition biomolecules, which are not only magnetic carriers but also direct sensing interfaces with excellent CL activity. It provides a novel CL interface with a magnetic property which easily separates analytes from the sample matrix to construct label-free bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Beijing Yunci Technology Co., Ltd. , PKUcare Industrial Park, 8 Life Science Park Road, Room 308 Building 2, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Hao N, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Hua R, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Qian J, Li H, Wang K. AgBr nanoparticles/3D nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogel for fabricating all-solid-state luminol-electrochemiluminescence Escherichia coli aptasensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017. [PMID: 28624620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to develop rapid, simple and accurate detection method for Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to its widely distributed pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we prepared AgBr nanoparticles (NPs) anchored 3D nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogel (3DNGH) nanocomposites with an exceptionally large accessible surface by a simple hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared 3DNGH porous nanocomposite not only showed better conductivity than that of 3D graphene due to introducing nitrogen element into graphene framework, but also provided a high loading volume for immobilizing luminol. Meanwhile the anchored AgBr NPs served as the catalyst can effectively enhance the ECL behavior of luminol. And the resulting luminol/AgBr/3DNGH exhibited more excellent ECL performances, which was about 2, 3, 8 times enhanced respectively, comparing to luminol/AgBr/3DGH, luminol/3DNGH and luminol/AgBr/2DNG. Further, the multifunctional nanoarchitecture was used as the all-solid-state ECL platform for fabricating Escherichia coli aptasensors via glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent between amine-functionalized E. coli aptamer and luminol/AgBr/3DNGH. Based on the steric hindrance mechanism that E.coli can significantly decrease the ECL intensity, the proposed aptasensor displayed a linear response for E.coli in the range from 0.5 to 500 cfu/mL with an extremely low detection limit of 0.17 cfu/mL (S/N). In addition, this ECL aptasensor possessed great advantages including the simple operation process, low-cost and sensitivity, which provided a promising approach for the E.coli detection in biomedical, food detection and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Henan Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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11
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Yang H, Wang H, Xiong C, Liu Y, Yuan R, Chai Y. An electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ABEI and FCA functionalized Platinum@Copper hierarchical trigonal bipyramid nanoframes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Su Y, Deng D, Zhang L, Song H, Lv Y. Strategies in liquid-phase chemiluminescence and their applications in bioassay. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Han Z, Li F, Shu J, Gao L, Liu X, Cui H. Acridinium Ester-Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials: General Synthesis Strategy and Outstanding Chemiluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17454-17460. [PMID: 27337413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three different kinds of acridinium ester (AE)-functionalized carbon nanomaterials, including AE-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (AE-CNPs), AE-functionalized graphene oxide (AE-GO), and AE-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AE-MCNTs), were synthesized for the first time via a simple, general, and noncovalent strategy. AE molecules were assembled on the surface of carbon nanomaterials by electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, and amide bond. The synthesized AE-CNPs, AE-GO, and AE-MCNTs with 5.0 × 10(-8) mol·L(-1) of synthetic AE concentration, which was very low compared with other chemiluminescence (CL) reagents such as luminol, N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol), and lucigenin at the concentration of 3.3 × 10(-4) to 5.0 × 10(-6) mol·L(-1) used for the synthesis of CL-functionalized nanomaterials, exhibited outstanding CL activity and good stability. It was found that carbon nanomaterials as nanosized platforms could efficiently immobilize AE molecules and facilitate the formation of OH(•) and O2(•-), leading to strong light emission. Moreover, the CL intensity of AE-GO was the highest, which was about 8.7 and 3.7 times higher than that of AE-CNPs and AE-MCNTs, respectively. This mainly resulted from a difference in the amount of adsorbed AE molecules on the surface of different carbon nanomaterials. Additionally, the prepared AE-CNPs demonstrated excitation-dependent fluorescence property and good fluorescence stability against photobleaching. On the basis of the excellent CL and special fluorescence properties of AE-CNPs, a dual-mode array strategy has been proposed for the first time and seven kinds of transition-metal ions could be successfully discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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14
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Gao F, Du L, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Tang D. A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin detection based on platinum nanoparticles decorated carbon nanocages as signal labels. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:185-193. [PMID: 27376191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel and sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for thrombin detection based on platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) decorated carbon nanocages (CNCs) as signal tags. The morphological and compositional of the Pt NPs/CNCs were examined using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the Pt NPs with about 3-5nm in diameter were well dispersed on the surface of CNCs. The thiolated aptamer was firstly immobilized on the gold electrode to capture the thrombin molecules, and then aptamer functionalized Pt NPs/CNCs nanocomposites were used to fabricate a sandwich sensing platform. Then, the high-content Pt NPs on carbon nanocages acting as hydrogen peroxide-mimicking enzyme catalyzed the reduction of H2O2, resulting in significant electrochemical signal amplification. Differential pulse voltammetry is employed to detect thrombin with different concentrations. Under optimized conditions, the approach provided a good linear response range from 0.05 pM to 20nM with a low detection limit of 10fM. This Pt NPs/CNCs-based aptasensor shows good precision, acceptable stability and reproducibility, which provided a promising strategy for electrochemical aptamer-based detection of other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Lili Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Fuyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China.
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15
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Iranifam M. Analytical applications of chemiluminescence systems assisted by carbon nanostructures. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Yan Y, Liu Q, Dong X, Hao N, Chen S, You T, Mao H, Wang K. Copper(I) oxide nanospheres decorated with graphene quantum dots display improved electrocatalytic activity for enhanced luminol electrochemiluminescence. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Wu X, Xu R, Zhu R, Wu R, Zhang B. Converting 2D inorganic-organic ZnSe-DETA hybrid nanosheets into 3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9752-9759. [PMID: 25962330 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineering two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures is one of the great challenges in nanochemistry and materials science. We report a facile and simple chemical conversion route to fabricate 3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres by using 2D inorganic-organic hybrid ZnSe-DETA (DETA = diethylenetriamine) nanosheets as the starting precursors. The conversion mechanism involves the controlled depletion of the organic-component (DETA) from the hybrid precursors and the subsequent self-assembly of the remnant inorganic-component (ZnSe). The transformation reaction of ZnSe-DETA nanosheets is mainly influenced by the concentration of DETA in the reaction solution. We demonstrated that this organic-component depletion method could be extended to the synthesis of other hierarchical structures of metal sulfides. In addition, the obtained hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres exhibited outstanding performance in visible light photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and were highly active for photocatalytic H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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18
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Cao JT, Wang H, Ren SW, Chen YH, Liu YM. Dual-signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence detection of PDGF-BB in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1866-70. [PMID: 26031509 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Shu-Wei Ren
- Xinyang Central Hospital; Xinyang 464000 China
| | | | - Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 China
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19
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Senthamizhan A, Celebioglu A, Uyar T. Real-time selective visual monitoring of Hg(2+) detection at ppt level: An approach to lighting electrospun nanofibers using gold nanoclusters. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10403. [PMID: 26020609 PMCID: PMC4446990 DOI: 10.1038/srep10403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, fluorescent gold nanocluster (AuNC) decorated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (AuNC*PCL-NF) for real time visual monitoring of Hg(2+) detection at ppt level in water is demonstrated. The resultant AuNC*PCL-NF exhibiting remarkable stability more than four months at ambient environment and facilitates increased accessibility to active sites resulting in improved sensing performance with rapid response time. The fluorescence changes of AuNC*PCL-NF and their corresponding time dependent spectra, upon introduction of Hg(2+), led to the visual identification of the sensor performance. It is observed that the effective removal of excess ligand (bovine serum albumin (BSA) greatly enhances the surface exposure of AuNC and therefore their selective sensing performance is achieved over competent metal ions such as Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Pb(2+) present in the water. An exceptional interaction is observed between AuNC and Hg(2+), wherein the absence of excess interrupting ligand makes AuNC more selective towards Hg(2+). The underlying mechanism is found to be due to the formation of Au-Hg amalgam, which was further investigated with XPS, TEM and elemental mapping studies. In short, our findings may lead to develop very efficient fluorescent-based nanofibrous mercury sensor, keeping in view of its stability, simplicity, reproducibility, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Senthamizhan
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Asli Celebioglu
- 1] UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey [2] Institute of Materials Science &Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Tamer Uyar
- 1] UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey [2] Institute of Materials Science &Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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20
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Zhang H, Han Z, Wang X, Li F, Cui H, Yang D, Bian Z. Sensitive immunosensor for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide based on N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol)-functionalized gold nanodots/multiwalled carbon nanotube electrochemiluminescence nanointerface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7599-7604. [PMID: 25801201 DOI: 10.1021/am509094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed for the determination of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) by using N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI)-functionalized gold nanodots/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs) hybrid as nanointerface. First, ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs hybrid nanomaterials were grafted onto the surface of ITO electrode via the film-forming property of hybrid nanomaterials. The anti-NT-proBNP antibody was connected to the surface of modified electrode by virtue of amide reaction via glutaraldehyde. The obtained sensing platform showed strong and stable ECL signal. When NT-proBNP was captured by its antibody immobilized on the sensing platform via immunoreaction, the ECL intensity decreased. Direct ECL signal changes were used for the determination of NT-proBNP. The present ECL immunosensor demonstrated a quite wide linear range of 0.01-100 pg/mL. The achieved low detection limit of 3.86 fg/mL was about 3 orders of magnitude lower than that obtained with electrochemistry method reported previously. Because of the simple and fast analysis, high sensitivity and selectivity, and stable and reliable response, the present immunosensor has been successfully applied to quantify NT-proBNP in practical plasma samples. The success of the sensor in this work also confirms that ABEI/GNDs/chitosan/COOH-MWCNTs hybrid is an ideal nanointerface to fabricate a sensing platform. Furthermore, the proposed strategy could be applied in the detection of other clinically important biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- ‡Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450006, P. R. China
| | - Zhili Han
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Di Yang
- §Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- §Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
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