1
|
Wijker S, Deng L, Eisenreich F, Voets IK, Palmans ARA. En Route to Stabilized Compact Conformations of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles in Complex Media. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6220-6230. [PMID: 35910311 PMCID: PMC9330768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over the folding pathways of polypeptides using a combination of noncovalent and covalent interactions has evolved into a wide range of functional proteins with a perfectly defined 3D conformation. Inspired hereby, we develop a series of amphiphilic copolymers designed to form compact, stable, and structured single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) of defined size, even in competitive conditions. The SCPNs are formed through a combination of noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions) and covalent intramolecular cross-linking using a light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition. By comparing different self-assembly pathways of the nanoparticles, we show that, like for proteins in nature, the order of events matters. When covalent cross-links are formed prior to the folding via hydrophobic and supramolecular interactions, larger particles with less structured interiors are formed. In contrast, when the copolymers first fold via hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions into compact conformations, followed by covalent cross-links, good control over the size of the SCPNs and microstructure of the hydrophobic interior is achieved. Such a structured SCPN can stabilize the solvatochromic dye benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-Nile Red via molecular recognition for short periods of time in complex media, while showing slow exchange dynamics with the surrounding complex media at longer time scales. The SCPNs show good biocompatibility with cells and can carry cargo into the lysosomal compartments of the cells. Our study highlights the importance of control over the folding pathway in the design of stable SCPNs, which is an important step forward in their application as noncovalent drug or catalyst carriers in biological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wijker
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng L, Wu RJ, Li YM, Ren H, Ji CY, Li WJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles-encapsulated chiral bifunctional metal-organic frameworks for asymmetric sequential reactions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Jia XM, Lin WF, Zhao HY, Qian HJ, Lu ZY. Supercooled melt structure and dynamics of single-chain nanoparticles: A computer simulation study. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054901. [PMID: 34364327 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the structure and dynamics of supercooled single-chain cross-linked nanoparticle (SCNP) melts having a range of cross-linking degrees ϕ. We find a nearly linear increase in glass-transition temperature (Tg) with increasing ϕ. Correspondingly, we have also experimentally synthesized a series of polystyrene-based SCNPs and have found that the measured Tg estimated from differential scanning calorimetry is qualitatively consistent with the trend predicted by our simulation estimates. Experimentally, an increase in Tg as large as ΔTg = 61 K for ϕ = 0.36 is found compared with their linear chain counterparts, indicating that the changes in dynamics with cross-links are quite appreciable. We attribute the increase in Tg to the enlarged effective hard-core volume and the corresponding reduction in the free volume of the polymer segments. Topological constraints evidently frustrate the local packing. In addition, the introduction of intra-molecular cross-linking bonds slows down the structural relaxation and simultaneously enhances the local coupling motion on the length scales within SCNPs. Consequently, a more pronounced dynamical heterogeneity (DH) is observed for larger ϕ, as quantified by measuring the dynamical correlation length through the four-point susceptibility parameter, χ4. The increase in DH is directly related to the enhanced local cooperative motion derived from intra-molecular cross-linking bonds and structural heterogeneity derived from the cross-linking process. These results shed new light on the influence of intra-molecular topological constraints on the segmental dynamics of polymer melts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Meng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wen-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hoang HT, Jo SH, Phan QT, Park H, Park SH, Oh CW, Lim KT. Dual pH-/thermo-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels prepared using "click" chemistry for colon-targeted drug delivery applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117812. [PMID: 33712157 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A dual pH-/thermo-responsive hydrogel was designed based on a polyelectrolyte complex of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and norbornene-functionalized chitosan (CsNb), which was synergized with chemical crosslinking using bistetrazine-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (bisTz-PNIPAM). The thermo-responsive polymeric crosslinker, bisTz-PNIPAM, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization of NIPAM. FTIR, XRD, rheological and morphological analyses demonstrated the successful formation of the polyelectrolyte network. The highly porous structure generated through the in-situ "click" reaction between Tz and Nb resulted in a higher drug loading (29.35 %). The hydrogel (COOH/NH2 mole ratio of 3:1) exhibited limited drug release (8.5 %) of 5-ASA at a pH of 2.2, but it provided an almost complete release (92 %) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C within 48 h due to the pH responsiveness of PAA, hydrogel porosity, and shrinkage behavior of PNIPAM. The hydrogels were biodegradable and non-toxic against human fibroblast cells, suggesting their considerable potential for a colon-targeted drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Hoang
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Quoc-Thang Phan
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Oh
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea; Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toughening, recyclable and healable nitrile rubber based on multi-coordination crosslink networks after “tetrazine click” reaction. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Wang Q, Wang W, Li Q, Wu C. Mechanically Robust and Recyclable Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Cross-Linked via Cu 2+–Nitrogen Coordination Bond after a Tetrazine Click Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Wang
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chifei Wu
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kilic D, Pamukcu C, Balta DK, Temel BA, Temel G. Rapid synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles via photoinduced step-growth polymerization of pendant carbazole units. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Engelke J, Tuten BT, Schweins R, Komber H, Barner L, Plüschke L, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. An in-depth analysis approach enabling precision single chain nanoparticle design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is a vibrant field in macromolecular science. However, to achieve an in-depth understanding of the nature of intramolecular polymer folding, a step-change in the methodologies for SCNP analysis is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- DS/LSS
- CS 20 156
- 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9
- France
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Laura Plüschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Nature has unparalleled control over the conformation and dynamics of its folded macromolecular structures. Nature’s ability to arrange amino acids into a precise spatial organization by way of folding allows proteins to fulfill specific functions in an extremely efficient manner. Chemists and materials scientists have used the delicate structure–function relationships observed in proteins to elucidate nature’s design principles. These insights have led to the development of various revolutionary macromolecular architectures, mimicking the structural features of proteins. In this review, we focus on the folding of single polymer chains into well-defined nanoparticles using supramolecular interactions and their possible use as enzyme mimics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Watanabe K, Katsuhara S, Mamiya H, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Downsizing feature of microphase-separated structures via intramolecular crosslinking of block copolymers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3330-3339. [PMID: 30996920 PMCID: PMC6429781 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel strategy for downsizing the feature of microphase-separated structures was developed via the intramolecular crosslinking reaction of block copolymers (BCPs) without changing the molecular weight. A series of BCPs consisting of poly[styrene-st-(p-3-butenyl styrene)] and poly(rac-lactide) (SBS-LA) was subjected to Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis under highly diluted conditions to produce intramolecularly crosslinked BCPs (SBS(cl)-LAs). Small-angle X-ray scattering measurement and transmission electron microscopy observation of the SBS(cl)-LAs revealed feature size reduction in lamellar (LAM) and hexagonally close-packed cylinder (HEX) structures in the bulk state, which was surely due to the restricted chain dimensions of the intramolecularly crosslinked SBS block. Notably, the degree of size reduction was controllable by varying the crosslink density, with a maximum decrease of 22% in the LAM spacing. In addition, we successfully observed the downsizing of the HEX structure in the thin film state using atomic force microscopy, indicating the applicability of the present methodology to next-generation lithography technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Satoshi Katsuhara
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Hiroaki Mamiya
- Quantum Beam Unit , Advanced Key Technologies Division , National Institute for Materials Science , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Engelke J, Brandt J, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. Strengths and limitations of size exclusion chromatography for investigating single chain folding – current status and future perspectives. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches for Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs) developed rapidly during the last decade, opening a multitude of avenues for the design of functional macromolecular chains able to collapse into defined nanoparticles. However, the analytical evaluation of the SCNP formation process still requires critical improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Josef Brandt
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Albena Lederer
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
ter Huurne GM, Voets IK, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Effect of Intra- versus Intermolecular Cross-Linking on the Supramolecular Folding of a Polymer Chain. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8853-8861. [PMID: 30449902 PMCID: PMC6236471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anfinsen's famous experiment showed that the restoration of catalytic activity of a completely unfolded ribonuclease A is only possible when the correct order of events is followed during the refolding process. Inspired by this work, the effect of structural constraints induced by covalent cross-links on the folding of a synthetic polymer chain via hydrogen-bonding interactions is investigated. Hereto, methacrylate-based monomers comprising either benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA)-based or coumarin-based pendants are copolymerized with n-butyl methacrylate in various ratios via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To assess whether the folding and single-chain polymeric nanoparticle (SCPN) formation depend on the order of events, we compare two folding pathways. In the one case, we first covalently cross-link the coumarin pendants within the polymers in a solvent that prevents hydrogen bonding, after which hydrogen bonding is activated, inducing folding of the polymer. In the other case, we induce hydrogen-bonding interactions between tethered BTAs prior to covalent cross-linking of the coumarin pendants. A combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) is employed to understand the effect of the structural constraints on the folding behavior of these synthetic polymers. The results show that like in ribonuclease A, the order of events matters greatly and determines the outcome. Importantly, a hydrogen-bond-promoting solvent prevents the formation of SCPNs upon covalent cross-linking and results in multichain aggregates. In contrast, covalently cross-linking the polymer when no hydrogen bonds are present followed by inducing hydrogen bonding favors the formation of SCPNs above the UCST of the methacrylate-based polymer. To our surprise, the two systems show a fundamentally different response to changes in temperature, indicating that also in synthetic polymers differences in the folding pathway induce differences in the properties of the resultant nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs M. ter Huurne
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Pujals S, Stals PJM, Paulöhrl T, Presolski SI, Meijer EW, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Catalytically Active Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring Their Functions in Complex Biological Media. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3423-3433. [PMID: 29457449 PMCID: PMC5997400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing, bioinspired architectures that result from the collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanometer-sized particle. Here we present a detailed biophysical study on the behavior of dynamic SCPNs in living cells and an evaluation of their catalytic functionality in such a complex medium. We first developed a number of delivery strategies that allowed the selective localization of SCPNs in different cellular compartments. Live/dead tests showed that the SCPNs were not toxic to cells while spectral imaging revealed that SCPNs provide a structural shielding and reduced the influence from the outer biological media. The ability of SCPNs to act as catalysts in biological media was first assessed by investigating their potential for reactive oxygen species generation. With porphyrins covalently attached to the SCPNs, singlet oxygen was generated upon irradiation with light, inducing spatially controlled cell death. In addition, Cu(I)- and Pd(II)-based SCPNs were prepared and these catalysts were screened in vitro and studied in cellular environments for the carbamate cleavage reaction of rhodamine-based substrates. This is a model reaction for the uncaging of bioactive compounds such as cytotoxic drugs for catalysis-based cancer therapy. We observed that the rate of the deprotection depends on both the organometallic catalysts and the nature of the protective group. The rate reduces from in vitro to the biological environment, indicating a strong influence of biomolecules on catalyst performance. The Cu(I)-based SCPNs in combination with the dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl protective group showed the best performances both in vitro and in biological environment, making this group promising in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Liu
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick J. M. Stals
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Paulöhrl
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sequence and Architectural Control in Glycopolymer Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
16
|
Construction of Polyarylenes with Various Structural Features via Bergman Cyclization Polymerization. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:60. [PMID: 28534207 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymer chemistry is a fundamental part of polymer science, and highly efficient polymerization reactions are essential for the synthesis of high-performance polymers. Development of new synthetic methods for emerging polymer science is of great importance in this regard. Bergman cyclization is a chemical process in which highly reactive aryl diradicals form from enediyne precursors, having a strong impact in a number of fields including pharmaceutics, synthetic chemistry, and materials science. Diradical intermediates stemming from enediynes can cause DNA cleavage under physiological conditions, leading to the strong cytotoxicity of many naturally occurring enediyne antibiotics. Meanwhile, diradical intermediates can quickly couple with each other to construct polyarylenes, providing a novel method to synthesize these conjugated polymers with the advantages of facile and catalyst-free operation, high efficiency, and tailored structure. Moreover, conjugated polymers generated by Bergman cyclization exhibit many remarkable properties, such as excellent thermal stability and good solubility and processability, enabling their further processing into carbon-rich materials. This review presents a brief overview of the trajectory of Bergman cyclization in polymer science, followed by an introduction to research advances, mainly from our group, in developing polymerization methods based on Bergman cyclization, taking advantages of its catalyst-free, byproduct-free, in situ polymerization mechanism to synthesize new polymeric materials with various structures and morphologies. These synthetic strategies include fabrication of rod-like polymers with polyester, dendrimer, and chiral imide side chains, functionalization of carbon nanomaterials by surface-grafting conjugated polymers, formation of nanoparticles by intramolecular collapse of single polymer chains, and construction of carbon nanomembranes on the external and internal surface of inorganic nanomaterials. These polymers with novel structural features have been used in a variety of fields, such as energy transformation, energy storage, catalyst support, and fluorescent detection. Finally, the outlook for future developments of Bergman cyclization in polymer science is presented.
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo H, Szymusiak M, Garcia EA, Lock LL, Cui H, Liu Y, Herrera-Alonso M. Solute-Triggered Morphological Transitions of an Amphiphilic Heterografted Brush Copolymer as a Single-Molecule Drug Carrier. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Szymusiak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Offenloch JT, Willenbacher J, Tzvetkova P, Heiler C, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradable fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles based on metathesis polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:775-778. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the facile synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) based on chain-shattering acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymers featuring self-immolative azobenzene motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janin T. Offenloch
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Johannes Willenbacher
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 – Magnetic Resonance
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Carolin Heiler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Gody G, Hartlieb M, Catrouillet S, Moffat J, Perrier S. Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Single Chain Nanoparticles by a Stepwise Folding–Chain Extension–Folding Process. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Guillaume Gody
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan Moffat
- Asylum Research, Halifax
Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire HP12 3SE, U.K
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381
Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jain S, Neumann K, Zhang Y, Geng J, Bradley M. Tetrazine-Mediated Postpolymerization Modification. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Jain
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Kevin Neumann
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jin Geng
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black
Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fischer TS, Schulze-Sünninghausen D, Luy B, Altintas O, Barner-Kowollik C. Stepwise Unfolding of Single-Chain Nanoparticles by Chemically Triggered Gates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11276-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S. Fischer
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein, Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - David Schulze-Sünninghausen
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein, Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein, Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein, Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein, Leopoldshafen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Williams R, Pitto-Barry A, Kirby N, Dove AP, O’Reilly RK. Cyclic Graft Copolymer Unimolecular Micelles: Effects of Cyclization on Particle Morphology and Thermoresponsive Behavior. Macromolecules 2016; 49:2802-2813. [PMID: 27175037 PMCID: PMC4861350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclic amphiphilic graft copolymers with a hydrophobic polycarbonate backbone and hydrophilic poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM) side arms via a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP), cyclization via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported. The ability of these cyclic graft copolymers to form unimolecular micelles in water is explored using a combination of light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) analyses, where particle size was found to increase with increasing PNAM arm length. Further analysis revealed differences in the solution conformations, loading capabilities, and morphologies of the cyclic graft copolymers in comparison to equivalent linear graft copolymer unimolecular micelle analogues. Furthermore, the cyclic and linear graft copolymers were found to exhibit significantly different cloud point temperatures. This study highlights how subtle changes in polymer architecture (linear graft copolymer versus cyclic graft copolymer) can dramatically influence a polymer's nanostructure and its properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
J. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang F, Pu H, Jin M, Wan D. Supramolecular Nanoparticles via Single-Chain Folding Driven by Ferrous Ions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:330-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Hongting Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Decheng Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Watanabe K, Tanaka R, Takada K, Kim MJ, Lee JS, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Intramolecular olefin metathesis as a robust tool to synthesize single-chain nanoparticles in a size-controlled manner. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular olefin metathesis was conducted for establishing a general approach to synthesize size-controlled SCNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Ryoto Tanaka
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang F, Pu H, Che X. Voltage-responsive single-chain polymer nanoparticles via host–guest interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3516-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide) with pendant β-cyclodextrin is synthesized and intramolecularly crosslinked with bridged bis(ferrocene). This supramolecular nanoparticle can be changed reversibly between a coil and a nanoparticle upon external voltage stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Materials Sci. & Eng
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hongting Pu
- School of Materials Sci. & Eng
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xuan Che
- School of Materials Sci. & Eng
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
González-Burgos M, Alegría A, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Pomposo JA. An unexpected route to aldehyde-decorated single-chain nanoparticles from azides. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new route towards the straightforward synthesis of aldehyde-decorated ultrafine single-chain nanoparticles from azides is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina González-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center MPC
- E-20018 San Sebastian
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
| | - Angel Alegría
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center MPC
- E-20018 San Sebastian
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center MPC
- E-20018 San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center MPC
- E-20018 San Sebastian
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center MPC
- E-20018 San Sebastian
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Hanlon
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Christopher K. Lyon
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Altintas O, Artar M, ter Huurne G, Voets IK, Palmans ARA, Barner-Kowollik C, Meijer EW. Design and Synthesis of Triblock Copolymers for Creating Complex Secondary Structures by Orthogonal Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Altintas O, Barner-Kowollik C. Single-Chain Folding of Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Update. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:29-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mavila S, Eivgi O, Berkovich I, Lemcoff NG. Intramolecular Cross-Linking Methodologies for the Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2015; 116:878-961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - Or Eivgi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - Inbal Berkovich
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva-84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Li W, Thanneeru S, Kanyo I, Liu B, He J. Amphiphilic Hybrid Nano Building Blocks with Surfactant-Mimicking Structures. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:736-740. [PMID: 35596498 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and self-assembly of amphiphilic hybrid nano building blocks (NBBs) with surfactant-mimicking structures. These NBBs, composed of hydrophilic silica-like heads tethered with well-defined one or two hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) tails, were prepared by efficient intramolecular cross-linking via silane chemistry. Using a series of "AB" diblock copolymers (BCPs) and "ABA" tri-BCPs of PS and poly(tert-butyl acrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (P(tBA-co-TMSPMA)), the intramolecular self-folding of P(tBA-co-TMSPMA) blocks and the deprotection of tert-butyl groups were demonstrated to be an efficient method to prepare amphiphilic NBBs with a hydrophilic silica head tethered by one or two PS tails. The formation of NBBs was carefully studied by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The self-assembly of these amphiphilic NBBs was further investigated by fixing the molecular weight of PS tails and varying the size of hydrophilic heads. The intramolecular cross-linking of hydrophilic heads that shifted the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of polymers resulted in morphological transitions from bilayered vesicles to spherical micelles. Spherical micelles prepared from NBBs with large hydrophilic heads were found to have surface protrusions that differed from the self-assembly of linear BCPs. We also observed that the chain conformation of PS tails was critical for the self-assembly of NBBs, where the bitailed NBBs with highly stretched PS tails favored bilayered vesicle structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Srinivas Thanneeru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Istvan Kanyo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ehret F, Wu H, Alexander SC, Devaraj NK. Electrochemical Control of Rapid Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Ligations for Selective Functionalization of Microelectrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8876-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ehret
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Seth C. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wong EHH, Qiao GG. Factors Influencing the Formation of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles Prepared via Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar H. H. Wong
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Song C, Li L, Dai L, Thayumanavan S. Responsive single-chain polymer nanoparticles with host–guest features. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile approach to form ultra-fine single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs)viadisulfide-based intrachain crosslinking of single polymer chains of a random copolymer poly(HEMA-co-PDSEMA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunfeng Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- College of Materials
| | - Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Lizong Dai
- College of Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lyon CK, Prasher A, Hanlon AM, Tuten BT, Tooley CA, Frank PG, Berda EB. A brief user's guide to single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review we outline the various methods that have been explored to synthesize architecturally defined nanoparticles from discrete polymer chains, summarize the methods of characterization that are required to prove their formation and probe their morphology, and introduce a number of potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alka Prasher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Materials Science Program
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - Peter G. Frank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
- Materials Science Program
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonzalez-Burgos M, Latorre-Sanchez A, Pomposo JA. Advances in single chain technology. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6122-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in single chain technology for the construction of soft nano-objects via chain compaction, and their envisioned applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gonzalez-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - Alejandro Latorre-Sanchez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Willenbacher J, Altintas O, Trouillet V, Knöfel N, Monteiro MJ, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Pd-complex driven formation of single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and in-depth characterization of well-defined, palladium(ii) crosslinked single-chain nanoparticles (Pd-SCNPs) is reported. In addition, a novel procedure for interpreting the SEC chromatograms of SCNPs by log-normal distribution (LND) simulations is introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Willenbacher
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro-Facility (KMNF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Nicolai Knöfel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane QLD 4072
- Australia
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Self-assembly of random copolymers has attracted considerable attention recently. In this feature article, we highlight the use of random copolymers to prepare nanostructures with different morphologies and to prepare nanomaterials that are responsive to single or multiple stimuli. The synthesis of single-chain nanoparticles from random copolymers and their potential applications are also discussed in some detail. We aim to draw more attention to these easily accessible copolymers, which are likely to play an important role in translational polymer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Knall AC, Hollauf M, Slugovc C. Kinetic studies of inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions (iEDDA) of norbornenes and 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Tetrahedron Lett 2014; 55:4763-4766. [PMID: 25152544 PMCID: PMC4125744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions (iEDDA) between 1,2,4,5-tetrazines and olefins have recently found widespread application as a novel 'click chemistry' scheme and as a mild technique for the modification of materials. Norbornenes are, due to their straightforward synthetic availability, especially interesting in the latter context. Therefore, the reactivity of different norbornene-based compounds was compared with unsubstituted norbornene and other alkenes using UV-vis measurements for the determination of reaction rates under pseudo first order conditions. Thereby, exo,exo-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol was found to be almost as reactive as unsubstituted norbornene whereas (±)-endo,exo-dimethyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate reacted only insignificanty faster than unstrained alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pomposo JA, Perez-Baena I, Lo Verso F, Moreno AJ, Arbe A, Colmenero J. How Far Are Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles in Solution from the Globular State? ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:767-772. [PMID: 35590711 DOI: 10.1021/mz500354q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are unimolecular soft nano-objects, consisting of individual polymer chains collapsed to a certain degree by means of intramolecular bonding. Many of the potential applications of SCNPs rely on their particular molecular architecture. Even if the ultimate goal is to produce globular protein-like soft nanoparticles, recent small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results-supported by computer simulations-indicate that SCNPs in solution actually adopt sparse configurations. Herein we compile size data from the literature for a large number of SCNPs in solution, covering from covalent to noncovalent bonded SCNPs, and provide a comparison with the corresponding data for compact or partially swollen globules of the same nature and molar mass. This comparison gives a clear idea of how far from the compact globule limit are current SCNPs. A quantification of the departure from the globular state is provided in terms of size scaling laws. This procedure facilitates a comparison with the size scaling laws observed for folded proteins with globular conformation as well as intrinsically disordered proteins which, on average, exhibit a certain local compaction when compared to chemically denatured proteins. Lastly, the underlying physical mechanism for the noncompact morphology of SCNPs in solution is put forward, and guidelines for the potential synthesis of true SCNP globules in solution are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Pomposo
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irma Perez-Baena
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Federica Lo Verso
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|