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Bukhtiar A, Bao K, Khan MS, Liang W, Sulaman M, Imran A, Yao S, Zou B. Photon-carrier-spin coupling in a one-dimensional Ni(II)-doped ZnTe nanostructure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395710. [PMID: 38838646 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal (TM) ion doping in II-VI semiconductors can produce exciton magnetic polarons (EMPs) and localized EMPs containing longitudinal optical (LO) phonon coupling, which will be discussed in this paper. TM ion doping in II-VI semiconductors for a dilute magnetic semiconductor show emission via magnetic polarons (MPs) together with hot carrier effects that need to be understood via its optical properties. The high excitation power that is responsible for hot carrier effects suppresses the charge trapping effect in low exciton binding energy (8.12 meV) semiconductors, even at room temperature (RT). The large polaron radius exhibits strong interaction between the carrier and MP, resulting in anharmonicity effects, in which the side-band energy overtone to LO phonons. The photon-like polaritons exhibit polarized spin interactions with LO phonons that show strong spin-phonon polaritons at RT. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of Ni-doped ZnTe show free excitons (FX) and FXs interacting with 2LO phonon-spin interactions, corresponding to3T1(3F) →1T1(1G) and EMP peaks with ferromagnetically coupled Ni ions at3T1(3F) →1E(1G). In addition, other d-d transitions of single Ni ions (600-900 nm) appear at the low-energy side. RT energy shifts of 14-38 meV are observed due to localized states with density-of-states tails extending far into the bandgap-related spin-induced localization at the valence band. These results show spin-spin magnetic coupling and spin-phonon interactions at RT that open up a more realistic new horizon of optically controlled dilute magnetic semiconductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfan Bukhtiar
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Khan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Sulaman
- Opto-electronics Research Center, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Imran
- School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangfei Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials School of Resources, Environments and Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
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Diallo TM, Hanuš T, Patriarche G, Ruediger A, Boucherif A. Unraveling the Heterointegration of 3D Semiconductors on Graphene by Anchor Point Nucleation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306038. [PMID: 38009786 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The heterointegration of graphene with semiconductor materials and the development of graphene-based hybrid functional devices are heavily bound to the control of surface energy. Although remote epitaxy offers one of the most appealing techniques for implementing 3D/2D heterostructures, it is only suitable for polar materials and is hugely dependent on the graphene interface quality. Here, the growth of defect-free single-crystalline germanium (Ge) layers on a graphene-coated Ge substrate is demonstrated by introducing a new approach named anchor point nucleation (APN). This powerful approach based on graphene surface engineering enables the growth of semiconductors on any type of substrate covered by graphene. Through plasma treatment, defects such as dangling bonds and nanoholes, which act as preferential nucleation sites, are introduced in the graphene layer. These experimental data unravel the nature of those defects, their role in nucleation, and the mechanisms governing this technique. Additionally, high-resolution transmission microscopy combined with geometrical phase analysis established that the as-grown layers are perfectly single-crystalline, stress-free, and oriented by the substrate underneath the engineered graphene layer. These findings provide new insights into graphene engineering by plasma and open up a universal pathway for the heterointegration of high-quality 3D semiconductors on graphene for disruptive hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Mamoudou Diallo
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
| | - Tadeáš Hanuš
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Andreas Ruediger
- Nanoelectronics-Nanophotonics INRS-EMT, 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3×1P7, Canada
| | - Abderraouf Boucherif
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
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Chang CS, Kim KS, Park BI, Choi J, Kim H, Jeong J, Barone M, Parker N, Lee S, Zhang X, Lu K, Suh JM, Kim J, Lee D, Han NM, Moon M, Lee YS, Kim DH, Schlom DG, Hong YJ, Kim J. Remote epitaxial interaction through graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj5379. [PMID: 37862426 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of remote epitaxy involves a two-dimensional van der Waals layer covering the substrate surface, which still enable adatoms to follow the atomic motif of the underlying substrate. The mode of growth must be carefully defined as defects, e.g., pinholes, in two-dimensional materials can allow direct epitaxy from the substrate, which, in combination with lateral epitaxial overgrowth, could also form an epilayer. Here, we show several unique cases that can only be observed for remote epitaxy, distinguishable from other two-dimensional material-based epitaxy mechanisms. We first grow BaTiO3 on patterned graphene to establish a condition for minimizing epitaxial lateral overgrowth. By observing entire nanometer-scale nuclei grown aligned to the substrate on pinhole-free graphene confirmed by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we visually confirm that remote epitaxy is operative at the atomic scale. Macroscopically, we also show variations in the density of GaN microcrystal arrays that depend on the ionicity of substrates and the number of graphene layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celesta S Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bo-In Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joonghoon Choi
- GRI-TPC International Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Junseok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Barone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nicholas Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kuangye Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Doyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ne Myo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mingi Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seog Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Young Joon Hong
- GRI-TPC International Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Microelectronic Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Liang R, Zhu L, Liu H, Ye M, Shu L, Zheng R, Ke S. Domain Matching Strategy for Orientation Control of van der Waals Epitaxial Perovskite Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37436879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The advantages of van der Waals epitaxy have attracted great interest because they can meet the requirements that conventional epitaxy struggles to satisfy. The weak adatom-substrate interaction without directional covalent bonding drastically relaxes the lattice matching limitation. However, the weak adatom-substrate interaction also leads to ineffectiveness in directing the crystal growth structure, limiting it to one orientation in epitaxial growth. In this work, we propose a domain matching strategy to guide the perovskite-type crystal epitaxial growth on 2D substrates, and we have demonstrated selective deposition of highly (001)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented epitaxial Fe4N thin films on mica substrates using applicable transition structure design. Our work makes it possible to achieve and control different orientations of van der Waals epitaxy on the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhong Liang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mao Ye
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Longlong Shu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Renkui Zheng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shanming Ke
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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5
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Wang X, Zhou H, Bai L, Wang HQ. Growth, structure, and morphology of van der Waals epitaxy Cr 1+δTe 2 films. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 36826603 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of two-dimensional magnetic materials is a key process to their applications and the study of their structure and morphology plays an important role in the growth of high-quality thin films. Here, the growth, structure, and morphology of Cr1+δTe2 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on mica with variations of Te/Cr flux ratio, growth temperature, and film thickness have been systematically investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that a structural change from multiple phases to a single phase occurs with the increase in growth temperature, irrespective of the Cr/Te flux ratios, which is attributed to the desorption difference of Te atoms at different temperatures, and that the surface morphology of the films grown at relatively high growth temperatures (≥ 300 °C) exhibits a quasi-hexagonal mesh-like structure, which consists of nano-islands with bending surface induced by the screw dislocations, as well as that the films would undergo a growth-mode change from 2D at the initial stage in a small film thickness (2 nm) to 3D at the later stage in thick thicknesses (12 nm and 24 nm). This work provides a general model for the study of pseudo-layered materials grown on flexible layered substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, and Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihui Bai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qiong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, and Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Kim G, Kim D, Choi Y, Ghorai A, Park G, Jeong U. New Approaches to Produce Large-Area Single Crystal Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203373. [PMID: 35737971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wafer-scale growth of single crystal thin films of metals, semiconductors, and insulators is crucial for manufacturing high-performance electronic and optical devices, but still challenging from both scientific and industrial perspectives. Recently, unconventional advanced synthetic approaches have been attempted and have made remarkable progress in diversifying the species of producible single crystal thin films. This review introduces several new synthetic approaches to produce large-area single crystal thin films of various materials according to the concepts and principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbeom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arup Ghorai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chen Y, Tan C, Wang Z, Miao J, Ge X, Zhao T, Liao K, Ge H, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhou Y, Wang P, Zhou X, Shan C, Peng H, Hu W. Momentum-matching and band-alignment van der Waals heterostructures for high-efficiency infrared photodetection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1781. [PMID: 35905192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) infrared photodetectors always suffer from low quantum efficiency (QE) because of the limited atomically thin absorption. Here, we reported 2D black phosphorus (BP)/Bi2O2Se van der Waals (vdW) photodetectors with momentum-matching and band-alignment heterostructures to achieve high QE. The QE was largely improved by optimizing the generation, suppressing the recombination, and improving the collection of photocarriers. Note that momentum-matching BP/Bi2O2Se heterostructures in k-space lead to the highly efficient generation and transition of photocarriers. The recombination process can be largely suppressed by lattice mismatching-immune vdW interfaces. Furthermore, type II BP/Bi2O2Se vdW heterostructures could also assist fast transport and collection of photocarriers. By constructing momentum-matching and band-alignment heterostructures, a record-high QE of 84% at 1.3 micrometers and 76.5% at 2 micrometers have been achieved in BP/Bi2O2Se vdW photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congwei Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Jinshui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiange Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Kecai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haonan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Temperature Effect of van der Waals Epitaxial GaN Films on Pulse-Laser-Deposited 2D MoS 2 Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061406. [PMID: 34073367 PMCID: PMC8228796 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Van der Waals epitaxial GaN thin films on c-sapphire substrates with a sp2-bonded two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 buffer layer, prepared by pulse laser deposition, were investigated. Low temperature plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was successfully employed for the deposition of uniform and ~5 nm GaN thin films on layered 2D MoS2 at different substrate temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively. The surface morphology, surface chemical composition, crystal microstructure, and optical properties of the GaN thin films were identified experimentally by using both in situ and ex situ characterizations. During the MBE growth with a higher substrate temperature, the increased surface migration of atoms contributed to a better formation of the GaN/MoS2 heteroepitaxial structure. Therefore, the crystallinity and optical properties of GaN thin films can obviously be enhanced via the high temperature growth. Likewise, the surface morphology of GaN films can achieve a smoother and more stable chemical composition. Finally, due to the van der Waals bonding, the exfoliation of the heterostructure GaN/MoS2 can also be conducted and investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The largest granular structure with good crystallinity of the GaN thin films can be observed in the case of the high-temperature growth at 700 °C.
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Park JH, Yang X, Lee JY, Park MD, Bae SY, Pristovsek M, Amano H, Lee DS. The stability of graphene and boron nitride for III-nitride epitaxy and post-growth exfoliation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7713-7719. [PMID: 34168823 PMCID: PMC8188504 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenging approach, but one providing a key solution to material growth, remote epitaxy (RE)-a novel concept related to van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE)-requires the stability of a two-dimensional (2-D) material. However, when graphene, a representative 2-D material, is present on substrates that have a nitrogen atom, graphene loss occurs. Although this phenomenon has remained a hurdle for over a decade, restricting the advantages of applying graphene in the growth of III-nitride materials, few previous studies have been conducted. Here, we report the stability of graphene on substrates containing oxygen or nitrogen atoms. Graphene has been observed on highly decomposed Al2O3; however, graphene loss occurred on decomposed AlN at temperatures over 1300 °C. To overcome graphene loss, we investigated 2-D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as an alternative. Unlike graphene on AlN, it was confirmed that h-BN on AlN was intact after the same high-temperature process. Moreover, the overgrown AlN layers on both h-BN/AlN and h-BN/Al2O3 could be successfully exfoliated, which indicates that 2-D h-BN survived after AlN growth and underlines its availability for the vdWE/RE of III-nitrides with further mechanical transfer. By enhancing the stability of the 2-D material on the substrate, our study provides insights into the realization of a novel epitaxy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Park
- Department of Electronics, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Yang
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun-Yeob Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Do Park
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Bae
- Energy Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET) Jinju 52851 Republic of Korea
| | - Markus Pristovsek
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Amano
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Dong-Seon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhang S, Liu B, Ren F, Yin Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Jiang B, Liu B, Liu Z, Sun J, Liang M, Yan J, Wei T, Yi X, Wang J, Li J, Gao P, Liu Z, Liu Z. Graphene-Nanorod Enhanced Quasi-Van Der Waals Epitaxy for High Indium Composition Nitride Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100098. [PMID: 33788402 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nitride films with high indium (In) composition play a crucial role in the fabrication of In-rich InGaN-based optoelectronic devices. However, a major limitation is In incorporation requiring a low temperature during growth at the expense of nitride dissociation. Here, to overcome this limitation, a strain-modulated growth method, namely the graphene (Gr)-nanorod (NR) enhanced quasi-van der Waals epitaxy, is proposed to increase the In composition in InGaN alloy. The lattice transparency of Gr enables constraint of in-plane orientation of nitride film and epitaxial relationships at the heterointerface. The Gr interlayer together with NRs buffer layer substantially reduces the stress of the GaN film by 74.4%, from 0.9 to 0.23 GPa, and thus increases the In incorporation by 30.7%. The first principles calculations confirm that the release of strain accounts for the dramatic improvement. The photoluminescence peak of multiple quantum wells shifts from 461 to 497 nm and the functionally small-sized cyan light-emitting diodes of 7 × 9 mil2 are demonstrated. These findings provide an efficient approach for the growth of In-rich InGaN film and extend the applications of nitrides in advanced optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyu Wang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhetong Liu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianchang Yan
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxi Wang
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinmin Li
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Research and Development Center for Semiconductor Lighting Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Anyebe EA, Kesaria M. Recent advances in the Van der Waals epitaxy growth of III‐V semiconductor nanowires on graphene. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Bitla Y, Chu YH. van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy for soft transparent electronics. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18523-18544. [PMID: 32909023 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quest for multifunctional, low-power and environment friendly electronics has brought research on materials to the forefront. For instance, as the emerging field of transparent flexible electronics is set to greatly impact our daily lives, more stringent requirements are being imposed on functional materials. Inherently flexible polymers and metal foil templates have yielded limited success due to their incompatible high-temperature growth and non-transparency, respectively. Although the epitaxial-transfer strategy has shown promising results, it suffers from tedious and complicated lift-off-transfer processes. The advent of graphene, in particular, and 2D layered materials, in general, with ultrathin scalability has revolutionized this field. Herein, we review the direct growth of epitaxial functional oxides on flexible transparent mica substrates via van der Waals heteroepitaxy, which mitigates misfit strain and substrate clamping for soft transparent electronics applications. Recent advances in practical applications of flexible and transparent electronic elements are discussed. Finally, several important directions, challenges and perspectives for commercialization are also outlined. We anticipate that this promising strategy to build transparent flexible optoelectronic devices and improve their performance will open up new avenues for researchers to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugandhar Bitla
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
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13
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Wang Z, Cai B, Ren Y, Wang W, Feng L, Zhang S, Wang Y. Transferable High-Quality Inorganic Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices by Weak Interaction Heteroepitaxy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19674-19681. [PMID: 32270993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transferable semiconductors with superior light-emitting properties are important for developing flexible and integrated optoelectronics. However, finding such a qualified candidate remains challenging. Here, we report the fabrication of transferable high-quality CsPbBr3 single crystals on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate via weak interaction heteroepitaxy for the first time. Semi-quantitative kinetic analysis based on the classical nucleation theory well accounts for the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial growth process of perovskite on the HOPG substrate. The density functional theory calculations illustrate the bonding nature of the interface and predict the Volmer-Weber growth mode in vdW epitaxy, which is consistent with our experimental observations. Importantly, the extremely weak vdW interaction between the perovskite and HOPG not only enables the high quality of the crystals but also endows them with the facile transferability to any foreign substrate by the mechanical exfoliation technique. Leveraging on the transferred CsPbBr3 single crystals, the low-threshold microlasers and monolithic perovskite light-emitting diode devices are demonstrated. Our results represent a significant step toward advanced optoelectronic devices relying on the emerging perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bo Cai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yinjuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Weihua Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Likuan Feng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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14
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Yu J, Wang L, Hao Z, Luo Y, Sun C, Wang J, Han Y, Xiong B, Li H. Van der Waals Epitaxy of III-Nitride Semiconductors Based on 2D Materials for Flexible Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903407. [PMID: 31486182 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
III-nitride semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their excellent physical properties and wide applications in solid-state lighting, flat-panel displays, and solar energy and power electronics. Generally, GaN-based devices are heteroepitaxially grown on c-plane sapphire, Si (111), or 6H-SiC substrates. However, it is very difficult to release the GaN-based films from such single-crystalline substrates and transfer them onto other foreign substrates. Consequently, it is difficult to meet the ever-increasing demand for wearable and foldable applications. On the other hand, sp2 -bonded two-dimensional (2D) materials, which exhibit hexagonal in-plane lattice arrangements and weakly bonded layers, can be transferred onto flexible substrates with ease. Hence, flexible III-nitride devices can be implemented through such 2D release layers. In this progress report, the recent advances in the different strategies for the growth of III-nitrides based on 2D materials are reviewed, with a focus on van der Waals epitaxy and transfer printing. Various attempts are presented and discussed herein, including the different kinds of 2D materials (graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) used as release layers. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives regarding the development of flexible III-nitride devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Yu
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Flexible Intelligent Optoelectronic Device and Technology Center, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhibiao Hao
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Flexible Intelligent Optoelectronic Device and Technology Center, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Changzheng Sun
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanjun Han
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Flexible Intelligent Optoelectronic Device and Technology Center, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Procopio EF, Pedrosa RN, L. de Souza FA, Paz WS, Scopel WL. Tuning the photocatalytic water-splitting capability of two-dimensional α-In2Se3 by strain-driven band gap engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3520-3526. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the effects of in-plane mechanical strains on the electronic properties of single-layer α-In2Se3 by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik F. Procopio
- Department of Physics – Federal University of Espirito Santo
- Goiabeiras
- Brazil
| | - Renan N. Pedrosa
- Department of Physics – Federal University of Espirito Santo
- Goiabeiras
- Brazil
| | - Fábio A. L. de Souza
- Federal Institute of Education
- Science and Technology of Espírito Santo
- Ibatiba/ES
- Brazil
| | - Wendel S. Paz
- Department of Physics – Federal University of Espirito Santo
- Goiabeiras
- Brazil
| | - Wanderlã L. Scopel
- Department of Physics – Federal University of Espirito Santo
- Goiabeiras
- Brazil
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16
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Wu PC, Yang CL, Du Y, Lai CH. Scalable Epitaxial Growth of WSe 2 Thin Films on SiO 2/Si via a Self-Assembled PtSe 2 Buffer Layer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8017. [PMID: 31142782 PMCID: PMC6541630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of large-area epitaxial transition metal dichalgogenides (TMDCs) are of central importance for scalable integrated device applications. Different methods have been developed to achieve large-sized high quality films. However, reliable approaches for centimeter-sized or even wafer-level epitaxial growth of TMDCs are still lacking. Here we demonstrate a new method to grow inch-sized epitaxial WSe2 films on SiO2/Si substrates at a much lower temperature with high repeatability and scalability. High quality crystalline films are achieved through direct selenization of a tungsten film with platinum as the underlayer. The self-assembled PtSe2 buffer layer, formed during selenization, assists epitaxial growth of WSe2. Using fabricated WSe2 films, excellent performance memory devices are demonstrated. As a member of the TMDC family, our findings based on WSe2 may also be applied to other TMDC materials for large-scale production of high quality TMDC films for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuanmin Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Huang Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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17
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Lian Q, Zhu X, Wang X, Bai W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Qi R, Huang R, Hu W, Tang X, Wang J, Chu J. Ultrahigh-Detectivity Photodetectors with Van der Waals Epitaxial CdTe Single-Crystalline Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900236. [PMID: 30932339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) is crucial for heteroepitaxy of covalence-bonded semiconductors on 2D layered materials because it is not subject to strict substrate requirements and the epitaxial materials can be transferred onto various substrates. However, planar film growth in covalence-bonded semiconductors remains a critical challenge of vdWE because of the extremely low surface energy of 2D materials. In this study, direct growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) films is achieved on 2D layered transparent mica through molecular beam epitaxy. The vdWE CdTe films exhibit a flat surface resulting from the 2D growth regime, and high crystal quality as evidenced by a low full width at half maximum of 0.05° for 120 nm thick films. A perfect lattice fringe appears at the interfaces, implying a fully relaxed state of the epitaxial CdTe films correlated closely to the unique nature of vdWE. Moreover, the vdWE CdTe photodetectors demonstrate not only ultrasensitive optoelectronic response with optimal responsivity of 834 A W-1 and ultrahigh detectivity of 2.4 × 1014 Jones but also excellent mechanical flexibility and durability, indicating great potential in flexible and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xuanting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Weida Hu
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Department of Optoelectronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
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18
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Xu Y, Cao B, Li Z, Zheng S, Cai D, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Xu K. A self-assembled graphene nanomask for the epitaxial growth of nonplanar and planar GaN. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of architectural GaN nanostructures by the self-assembly NSAG (SNSAG) technology using multilayer graphene (MLG) as a nanomask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China
| | - Zongyao Li
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shunan Zheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Cai
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Chinhua Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd
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19
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Direct van der Waals Epitaxy of Crack-Free AlN Thin Film on Epitaxial WS₂. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122464. [PMID: 30518146 PMCID: PMC6317269 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) has drawn continuous attention, as it is unlimited by lattice-mismatch between epitaxial layers and substrates. Previous reports on the vdWE of III-nitride thin film were mainly based on two-dimensional (2D) materials by plasma pretreatment or pre-doping of other hexagonal materials. However, it is still a huge challenge for single-crystalline thin film on 2D materials without any other extra treatment or interlayer. Here, we grew high-quality single-crystalline AlN thin film on sapphire substrate with an intrinsic WS2 overlayer (WS2/sapphire) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, which had surface roughness and defect density similar to that grown on conventional sapphire substrates. Moreover, an AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diode structure on WS2/sapphire was demonstrated. The electroluminescence (EL) performance exhibited strong emissions with a single peak at 283 nm. The wavelength of the single peak only showed a faint peak-position shift with increasing current to 80 mA, which further indicated the high quality and low stress of the AlN thin film. This work provides a promising solution for further deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting electrodes (LEDs) development on 2D materials, as well as other unconventional substrates.
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20
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Lu Z, Sun X, Xie W, Littlejohn A, Wang GC, Zhang S, Washington MA, Lu TM. Remote epitaxy of copper on sapphire through monolayer graphene buffer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:445702. [PMID: 30124437 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadb78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show that remote heteroepitaxy can be achieved when Cu thin film is grown on single crystal, monolayer graphene buffered sapphire(0001) substrate via a thermal evaporation process. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction data show that the epitaxy process forms a prevailing Cu crystal domain, which is remotely registered in-plane to the sapphire crystal lattice below the monolayer graphene, with the (111) out-of-plane orientation. As a poor metal with zero density of states at its Fermi level, monolayer graphene cannot totally screen out the stronger charge transfer/metallic interactions between Cu and substrate atoms. The primary Cu domain thus has good crystal quality as manifested by a narrow crystal misorientation distribution. On the other hand, we show that graphene interface imperfections, such as bilayers/multilayers, wrinkles and interface contaminations, can effectively weaken the atomic interactions between Cu and sapphire. This results in a second Cu domain, which directly grows on and follows the graphene hexagonal lattice symmetry and orientation. Because of the weak van der Waals interaction between Cu and graphene, this domain has inferior crystal quality. The results are further confirmed using graphene buffered spinel(111) substrate, which indicates that this remote epitaxial behavior is not unique to the Cu/sapphire system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghuan Lu
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY-12180, United States of America. Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY-12180, United States of America
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21
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Shen B, Xie H, Gu L, Chen X, Bai Y, Zhu Z, Wei F. Direct Chirality Recognition of Single-Crystalline and Single-Walled Transition Metal Oxide Nanotubes on Carbon Nanotube Templates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803368. [PMID: 30216568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a significant structural feature for chemistry, biology, physics, and materials science, and especially determines the electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of diverse tubular structures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To recognize the chirality of nanotubes, templates are introduced as potential tools to obtain crystalline samples with visible chiral fringes under electron microscopes. However, few efforts show optimistic results, and new understanding is desired to control the sample quality with CNT templates. Here, a synthesis strategy of single-crystalline molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3 ) nanotubes (MONTs) on CNT surfaces is reported to build a 1D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. The chirality of the MONTs can be directly "seen" and their structural selectivity is revealed. First, the centralized distribution of the chiral angles of the MONTs indicates a preferential orientation due to the anisotropic bending rigidity of the 2D layers. Then, the interlayer mismatching rejects the radial stacking of α-MoO3 to maintain the single-walled nature. These results provide a spontaneous strategy for the efficient recognition and control of chirality, and open up a new avenue for CNT-based functional 1D vdW heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Pia AD, Lisi S, Luca OD, Warr DA, Lawrence J, Otrokov MM, Aliev ZS, Chulkov EV, Agostino RG, Arnau A, Papagno M, Costantini G. TCNQ Physisorption on the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2405-2410. [PMID: 29847012 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Topological insulators are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their topologically protected, spin-momentum locked and gapless surface states. The breaking of the time-reversal symmetry after the introduction of magnetic impurities, such as 3d transition metal atoms embedded in two-dimensional molecular networks, could lead to several phenomena interesting for device fabrication. The first step towards the fabrication of metal-organic coordination networks on the surface of a topological insulator is to investigate the adsorption of the pure molecular layer, which is the aim of this study. Here, the effect of the deposition of the electron acceptor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) molecules on the surface of a prototypical topological insulator, bismuth selenide (Bi2 Se3 ), is investigated. Scanning tunneling microscope images at low-temperature reveal the formation of a highly ordered two-dimensional molecular network. The essentially unperturbed electronic structure of the topological insulator observed by photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrates a negligible charge transfer between the molecular layer and the substrate. Density functional theory calculations confirm the picture of a weakly interacting adsorbed molecular layer. These results reveal significant potential of TCNQ for the realization of metal-organic coordination networks on the topological insulator surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Simone Lisi
- Institut Néel, 25 Rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniel A Warr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ziya S Aliev
- Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, AZ1010, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Saint Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raffaele G Agostino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Centro de Física de Materiales CFM-MPC and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080, San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marco Papagno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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23
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Nie Y, Barton AT, Addou R, Zheng Y, Walsh LA, Eichfeld SM, Yue R, Cormier CR, Zhang C, Wang Q, Liang C, Robinson JA, Kim M, Vandenberghe W, Colombo L, Cha PR, Wallace RM, Hinkle CL, Cho K. Dislocation driven spiral and non-spiral growth in layered chalcogenides. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15023-15034. [PMID: 30052245 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have shown great promise for implementation in next-generation devices. However, controlling the film thickness during epitaxial growth remains elusive and must be fully understood before wide scale industrial application. Currently, uncontrolled multilayer growth is frequently observed, and not only does this growth mode contradict theoretical expectations, but it also breaks the inversion symmetry of the bulk crystal. In this work, a multiscale theoretical investigation aided by experimental evidence is carried out to identify the mechanism of such an unconventional, yet widely observed multilayer growth in the epitaxy of layered materials. This work reveals the subtle mechanistic similarities between multilayer concentric growth and spiral growth. Using the combination of experimental demonstration and simulations, this work presents an extended analysis of the driving forces behind this non-ideal growth mode, and the conditions that promote the formation of these defects. Our study shows that multilayer growth can be a result of both chalcogen deficiency and chalcogen excess: the former causes metal clustering as nucleation defects, and the latter generates in-domain step edges facilitating multilayer growth. Based on this fundamental understanding, our findings provide guidelines for the narrow window of growth conditions which enables large-area, layer-by-layer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
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24
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Yang X, Shan CX, Ni PN, Jiang MM, Chen AQ, Zhu H, Zang JH, Lu YJ, Shen DZ. Electrically driven lasers from van der Waals heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9602-9607. [PMID: 29748685 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have opened new avenues for fundamental scientific studies and design of novel devices. Although numerous reports have demonstrated vdWH optoelectronic devices, no report on vdWH lasers can be found to date. In this paper we demonstrated electrically driven vdWH lasers for the first time, and the lasers were realized from ZnO microwire/MgO/p-GaN structures. By coating Ag films on the top surfaces of the ZnO microwires, the current injection and lasing directionality of the vdWH lasers have been improved significantly, and this improvement can be attributed to the high conductivity and reflectivity of the Ag film. The output power of the device can reach 2.41 μW under 14 mA drive current, which is among the highest values ever reported for ZnO based lasers. Our results may provide a promising way to electrically pumped lasers based on micro/nano-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
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25
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Wang F, Wang Z, Yin L, Cheng R, Wang J, Wen Y, Shifa TA, Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhan X, He J. 2D library beyond graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides: a focus on photodetection. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6296-6341. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials beyond graphene and TMDs can be promising candidates for wide-spectra photodetection.
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26
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Xu Y, Cao B, Li Z, Cai D, Zhang Y, Ren G, Wang J, Shi L, Wang C, Xu K. Growth Model of van der Waals Epitaxy of Films: A Case of AlN Films on Multilayer Graphene/SiC. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44001-44009. [PMID: 29181968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
"Volmer-Weber" island nucleation and step-flow growth model are the classical processes of the conventional epitaxy of films. However, a growth model of van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) of films is still not very well-documented. Here, we present an example of vdWE of AlN films on multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiC by hydride vapor phase epitaxy at a high temperature of 1100 °C and reveal the orientation relationship of AlN, MLG, and SiC as (0001)[1-100]AlN||(0001)[1-100]MLG||(0001)[11-20]SiC, which suggests that the vdWE heterointerface is not an usual covalent bond and no excessive strain during the growth process owing to the incommensurate in-plane lattices. Remarkably, zigzag cracks are formed because of the anisotropy of strain after the films are cooled down to room temperature, indicating that the growth model of vdWE is different from that of conventional epitaxy. It is a layer-by-layer epitaxy, and a planar substrate without a miscut angle is essential for obtaining single-crystalline films. Additionally, the films can be transferred to foreign substrates by direct mechanical exfoliation without any stressor layer. An ultraviolet photosensor device illustrates an example of III-nitride heterogeneous integration application. Our work demonstrates an excellent step toward the vdWE of varieties of compound films on 2D materials for the applications of transferrable heterogeneous integration in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | - Zongyao Li
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Demin Cai
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Ren
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | | | - Ke Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Suzhou Nanowin Science and Technology Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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27
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Ayari T, Bishop C, Jordan MB, Sundaram S, Li X, Alam S, ElGmili Y, Patriarche G, Voss PL, Salvestrini JP, Ougazzaden A. Gas sensors boosted by two-dimensional h-BN enabled transfer on thin substrate foils: towards wearable and portable applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15212. [PMID: 29123115 PMCID: PMC5680310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of GaN based gas sensors to foreign substrates provides a pathway to enhance sensor performance, lower the cost and extend the applications to wearable, mobile or disposable systems. The main keys to unlocking this pathway is to grow and fabricate the sensors on large h-BN surface and to transfer them to the flexible substrate without any degradation of the performances. In this work, we develop a new generation of AlGaN/GaN gas sensors with boosted performances on a low cost flexible substrate. We fabricate 2-inch wafer scale AlGaN/GaN gas sensors on sacrificial two-dimensional (2D) nano-layered h-BN without any delamination or cracks and subsequently transfer sensors to an acrylic surface on metallic foil. This technique results in a modification of relevant device properties, leading to a doubling of the sensitivity to NO2 gas and a response time that is more than 6 times faster than before transfer. This new approach for GaN-based sensor design opens new avenues for sensor improvement via transfer to more suitable substrates, and is promising for next-generation wearable and portable opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ayari
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | | | - Matthew B Jordan
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Suresh Sundaram
- GT Lorraine, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Xin Li
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Saiful Alam
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Youssef ElGmili
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460, Marcoussis, France
| | - Paul L Voss
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Jean Paul Salvestrini
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France.,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Abdallah Ougazzaden
- CNRS, UMI 2958, GT - CNRS, 2 rue Marconi, 57070, Metz, France. .,Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT-Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France.
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28
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Hwang JY, Kim YM, Lee KH, Ohta H, Kim SW. Te Monolayer-Driven Spontaneous van der Waals Epitaxy of Two-dimensional Pnictogen Chalcogenide Film on Sapphire. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6140-6145. [PMID: 28902517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Demands on high-quality layer structured two-dimensional (2D) thin films such as pnictogen chalcogenides and transition metal dichalcogenides are growing due to the findings of exotic physical properties and potentials for device applications. However, the difficulties in controlling epitaxial growth and the unclear understanding of van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) for a 2D chalcogenide film on a three-dimensional (3D) substrate have been major obstacles for the further advances of 2D materials. Here, we exploit the spontaneous vdWE of a high-quality 2D chalcogenide (Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3) film by the chalcogen-driven surface reconstruction of a conventional 3D sapphire substrate. It is verified that the in situ formation of a pseudomorphic Te atomic monolayer on the surface of sapphire, which results in a dangling bond-free surface, allows the spontaneous vdWE of 2D chalcogenide film. Since this route uses the natural surface reconstruction of sapphire with chalcogen under vacuum condition, it can be scalable and easily utilized for the developments of various 2D chalcogenide vdWE films through conventional thin-film fabrication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeol Hwang
- Department of Energy Science, SungKyunKwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, SungKyunKwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyoung Lee
- Department of Nano Applied Engineering, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy Science, SungKyunKwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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29
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de Castro IA, Datta RS, Ou JZ, Castellanos-Gomez A, Sriram S, Daeneke T, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Molybdenum Oxides - From Fundamentals to Functionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701619. [PMID: 28815807 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The properties and applications of molybdenum oxides are reviewed in depth. Molybdenum is found in various oxide stoichiometries, which have been employed for different high-value research and commercial applications. The great chemical and physical characteristics of molybdenum oxides make them versatile and highly tunable for incorporation in optical, electronic, catalytic, bio, and energy systems. Variations in the oxidation states allow manipulation of the crystal structure, morphology, oxygen vacancies, and dopants, to control and engineer electronic states. Despite this overwhelming functionality and potential, a definitive resource on molybdenum oxide is still unavailable. The aim here is to provide such a resource, while presenting an insightful outlook into future prospective applications for molybdenum oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Sharath Sriram
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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30
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Xia J, Zhao YX, Wang L, Li XZ, Gu YY, Cheng HQ, Meng XM. van der Waals epitaxial two-dimensional CdS xSe (1-x) semiconductor alloys with tunable-composition and application to flexible optoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13786-13793. [PMID: 28890983 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial progress in the development of two-dimensional (2D) materials from conventional layered crystals, it still remains particularly challenging to produce high-quality 2D non-layered semiconductor alloys which may bring in some unique properties and new functions. In this work, the synthesis of well-oriented 2D non-layered CdSxSe(1-x) semiconductor alloy flakes with tunable compositions and optical properties is established. Structural analysis reveals that the 2D non-layered alloys follow an incommensurate van der Waals epitaxial growth pattern. Photoluminescence measurements show that the 2D alloys have composition-dependent direct bandgaps with the emission peak varying from 1.8 eV to 2.3 eV, coinciding well with the density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, photodetectors based on the CdSxSe(1-x) flakes exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 703 A W-1 with an external quantum efficiency of 1.94 × 103 and a response time of 39 ms. Flexible devices fabricated on a thin mica substrate display good mechanical stability upon repeated bending. This work suggests a facile and general method to produce high-quality 2D non-layered semiconductor alloys for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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31
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Tian T, Shih CJ. Molecular Epitaxy on Two-Dimensional Materials: The Interplay between Interactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Fernández-Garrido S, Ramsteiner M, Gao G, Galves LA, Sharma B, Corfdir P, Calabrese G, de Souza Schiaber Z, Pfüller C, Trampert A, Lopes JMJ, Brandt O, Geelhaar L. Molecular Beam Epitaxy of GaN Nanowires on Epitaxial Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5213-5221. [PMID: 28654280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-epitaxial and scalable growth approach to fabricate single-crystalline GaN nanowires on graphene by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. As substrate, we explore several types of epitaxial graphene layer structures synthesized on SiC. The different structures differ mainly in their total number of graphene layers. Because graphene is found to be etched under active N exposure, the direct growth of GaN nanowires on graphene is only achieved on multilayer graphene structures. The analysis of the nanowire ensembles prepared on multilayer graphene by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of graphene underneath as well as in between nanowires, as desired for the use of this material as contact layer in nanowire-based devices. The nanowires nucleate preferentially at step edges, are vertical, well aligned, epitaxial, and of comparable structural quality as similar structures fabricated on conventional substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Ramsteiner
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lauren A Galves
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bharat Sharma
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Corfdir
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Calabrese
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ziani de Souza Schiaber
- Laboratório de Filmes Semicondutores, Universidade Estadual Paulista Bauru , 17033-360 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Pfüller
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Trampert
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - João Marcelo J Lopes
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Brandt
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Geelhaar
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Cheng R, Wen Y, Yin L, Wang F, Wang F, Liu K, Shifa TA, Li J, Jiang C, Wang Z, He J. Ultrathin Single-Crystalline CdTe Nanosheets Realized via Van der Waals Epitaxy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28707714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the novel physical properties, high flexibility, and strong compatibility with Si-based electronic techniques, 2D nonlayered structures have become one of the hottest topics. However, the realization of 2D structures from nonlayered crystals is still a critical challenge, which requires breaking the bulk crystal symmetry and guaranteeing the highly anisotropic crystal growth. CdTe owns a typical wurtzite crystal structure, which hinders the 2D anisotropic growth of hexagonal-symmetry CdTe. Here, for the first time, the 2D anisotropic growth of ultrathin nonlayered CdTe as thin as 4.8 nm via an effective van der Waals epitaxy method is demonstrated. The anisotropic ratio exceeds 103 . Highly crystalline nanosheets with uniform thickness and large lateral dimensions are obtained. The in situ fabricated ultrathin 2D CdTe photodetector shows ultralow dark current (≈100 fA), as well as high detectivity, stable photoswitching, and fast photoresponse speed (τrising = 18.4 ms, τdecay = 14.7 ms). Besides, benefitting from its 2D planar geometry, CdTe nanosheet exhibits high compatibility with flexible substrates and traditional microfabrication techniques, indicating its significant potential in the applications of flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Cheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tofik Ahmed Shifa
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Laker ZPL, Marsden AJ, De Luca O, Pia AD, Perdigão LMA, Costantini G, Wilson NR. Monolayer-to-thin-film transition in supramolecular assemblies: the role of topological protection. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11959-11968. [PMID: 28792033 PMCID: PMC5778949 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the transition from a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer to the three-dimensional (3D) molecular structure in the growth of organic layers on surfaces is essential for the production of functional thin films and devices. This has, however, proved to be extremely challenging, starting from the currently limited ability to attain a molecular scale characterization of this transition. Here, through innovative application of low-dose electron diffraction and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (acTEM), combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we reveal the structural changes occurring as film thickness is increased from monolayer to tens of nanometers for supramolecular assembly of two prototypical benzenecarboxylic acids - terephthalic acid (TPA) and trimesic acid (TMA) - on graphene. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding in these molecules is similar and both form well-ordered monolayers on graphene, but their structural transitions with film thickness are very different. While the structure of TPA thin films varies continuously towards the 3D lattice, TMA retains its planar monolayer structure up to a critical thickness, after which a transition to a polycrystalline film occurs. These distinctive structural evolutions can be rationalized in terms of the topological differences in the 3D crystallography of the two molecules. The templated 2D structure of TPA can smoothly map to its 3D structure through continuous molecular tilting within the unit cell, whilst the 3D structure of TMA is topologically distinct from its 2D form, so that only an abrupt transition is possible. The concept of topological protection of the 2D structure gives a new tool for the molecular design of nanostructured films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P L Laker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alexander J Marsden
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ada Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Luís M A Perdigão
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Neil R Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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35
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Trivedi T, Roy A, Movva HCP, Walker ES, Bank SR, Neikirk DP, Banerjee SK. Versatile Large-Area Custom-Feature van der Waals Epitaxy of Topological Insulators. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7457-7467. [PMID: 28692797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the focus of applied research in topological insulators (TI) evolves, the need to synthesize large-area TI films for practical device applications takes center stage. However, constructing scalable and adaptable processes for high-quality TI compounds remains a challenge. To this end, a versatile van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) process for custom-feature bismuth telluro-sulfide TI growth and fabrication is presented, achieved through selective-area fluorination and modification of surface free-energy on mica. The TI features grow epitaxially in large single-crystal trigonal domains, exhibiting armchair or zigzag crystalline edges highly oriented with the underlying mica lattice and only two preferred domain orientations mirrored at 180°. As-grown feature thickness dependence on lateral dimensions and denuded zones at boundaries are observed, as explained by a semiempirical two-species surface migration model with robust estimates of growth parameters and elucidating the role of selective-area surface modification. Topological surface states contribute up to 60% of device conductance at room temperature, indicating excellent electronic quality. High-yield microfabrication and the adaptable vdWE growth mechanism with readily alterable precursor and substrate combinations lend the process versatility to realize crystalline TI synthesis in arbitrary shapes and arrays suitable for facile integration with processes ranging from rapid prototyping to scalable manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Trivedi
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anupam Roy
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Hema C P Movva
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Emily S Walker
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Seth R Bank
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Dean P Neikirk
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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36
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Amrillah T, Bitla Y, Shin K, Yang T, Hsieh YH, Chiou YY, Liu HJ, Do TH, Su D, Chen YC, Jen SU, Chen LQ, Kim KH, Juang JY, Chu YH. Flexible Multiferroic Bulk Heterojunction with Giant Magnetoelectric Coupling via van der Waals Epitaxy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6122-6130. [PMID: 28531355 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric nanocomposites have been a topic of intense research due to their profound potential in the applications of electronic devices based on spintronic technology. Nevertheless, in spite of significant progress made in the growth of high-quality nanocomposite thin films, the substrate clamping effect still remains a major hurdle in realizing the ultimate magnetoelectric coupling. To overcome this obstacle, an alternative strategy of fabricating a self-assembled ferroelectric-ferrimagnetic bulk heterojunction on a flexible muscovite via van der Waals epitaxy is adopted. In this study, we investigated the magnetoelectric coupling in a self-assembled BiFeO3 (BFO)-CoFe2O4 (CFO) bulk heterojunction epitaxially grown on a flexible muscovite substrate. The obtained heterojunction is composed of vertically aligned multiferroic BFO nanopillars embedded in a ferrimagnetic CFO matrix. Moreover, due to the weak interaction between the flexible substrate and bulk heterojunction, the interface is incoherent and, hence, the substrate clamping effect is greatly reduced. The phase-field simulation model also complements our results. The magnetic and electrical characterizations highlight the improvement in magnetoelectric coupling of the BFO-CFO bulk heterojunction. A magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 74 mV/cm·Oe of this bulk heterojunction is larger than the magnetoelectric coefficient reported earlier on flexible substrates. Therefore, this study delivers a viable route of fabricating a remarkable magnetoelectric heterojunction and yet flexible electronic devices that are robust against extreme conditions with optimized performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwangwoo Shin
- CeNSCMR, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | - Yu-You Chiou
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hien Do
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Dong Su
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Uang Jen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kee Hoon Kim
- CeNSCMR, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
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37
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Zhu Y, Ciston J, Zheng B, Miao X, Czarnik C, Pan Y, Sougrat R, Lai Z, Hsiung CE, Yao K, Pinnau I, Pan M, Han Y. Unravelling surface and interfacial structures of a metal-organic framework by transmission electron microscopy. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:532-536. [PMID: 28218922 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials with designable topology, porosity and functionality, having promising applications in gas storage and separation, ion conduction and catalysis. It is challenging to observe MOFs with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) due to the extreme instability of MOFs upon electron beam irradiation. Here, we use a direct-detection electron-counting camera to acquire TEM images of the MOF ZIF-8 with an ultralow dose of 4.1 electrons per square ångström to retain the structural integrity. The obtained image involves structural information transferred up to 2.1 Å, allowing the resolution of individual atomic columns of Zn and organic linkers in the framework. Furthermore, TEM reveals important local structural features of ZIF-8 crystals that cannot be identified by diffraction techniques, including armchair-type surface terminations and coherent interfaces between assembled crystals. These observations allow us to understand how ZIF-8 crystals self-assemble and the subsequent influence of interfacial cavities on mass transport of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiaohe Miao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yichang Pan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Sougrat
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chia-En Hsiung
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kexin Yao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingo Pinnau
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ming Pan
- Gatan, Inc., Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Yu Han
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Optimization of self-catalyzed InAs Nanowires on flexible graphite for photovoltaic infrared photodetectors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46110. [PMID: 28393845 PMCID: PMC5385536 DOI: 10.1038/srep46110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of flexible graphene monolayers has triggered extensive research interest for the development of III-V/graphene functional hybrid heterostructures. In order to fully exploit their enormous potential in device applications, it is essential to optimize epitaxial growth for the precise control of nanowire geometry and density. Herein, we present a comprehensive growth study of InAs nanowires on graphitic substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Vertically well-aligned and thin InAs nanowires with high yield were obtained in a narrow growth temperature window of 420-450 °C within a restricted domain of growth rate and V/III flux ratio. The graphitic substrates enable high nanowire growth rates, which is favourable for cost-effective device fabrication. A relatively low density of defects was observed. We have also demonstrated InAs-NWs/graphite heterojunction devices exhibiting rectifying behaviour. Room temperature photovoltaic response with a cut-off wavelength of 3.4 μm was demonstrated. This elucidates a promising route towards the monolithic integration of InAs nanowires with graphite for flexible and functional hybrid devices.
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39
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Choi JH, Cui P, Chen W, Cho JH, Zhang Z. Atomistic mechanisms of van der Waals epitaxy and property optimization of layered materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Choi
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
- Research Institute of Mechanical Technology; Pusan National University; Pusan Korea
| | - Ping Cui
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Wei Chen
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jun-Hyung Cho
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
- Department of Physics and Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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40
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Wu Q, Yan J, Zhang L, Chen X, Wei T, Li Y, Liu Z, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li J. Growth mechanism of AlN on hexagonal BN/sapphire substrate by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth mechanism and dislocation behavior of AlN on monolayer hBN materials without/with O2plasma treatment by MOCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jianchang Yan
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiang Chen
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tongbo Wei
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yang Li
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xuecheng Wei
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yun Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Junxi Wang
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jinmin Li
- Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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41
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Zhao C, Ng TK, Tseng CC, Li J, Shi Y, Wei N, Zhang D, Consiglio GB, Prabaswara A, Alhamoud AA, Albadri A, Alyamani AY, Zhang XX, Li LJ, Ooi BS. InGaN/GaN nanowires epitaxy on large-area MoS2 for high-performance light-emitters. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03590j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality nitride nanowires on large-area layered transition metal dichalcogenides are first reported, which yielded light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with superior performance.
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42
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Wang Y, Sun X, Shivanna R, Yang Y, Chen Z, Guo Y, Wang GC, Wertz E, Deschler F, Cai Z, Zhou H, Lu TM, Shi J. Photon Transport in One-Dimensional Incommensurately Epitaxial CsPbX 3 Arrays. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7974-7981. [PMID: 27960450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional nanoscale epitaxial arrays serve as a great model in studying fundamental physics and for emerging applications. With an increasing focus laid on the Cs-based inorganic halide perovskite out of its outstanding material stability, we have applied vapor phase epitaxy to grow well aligned horizontal CsPbX3 (X: Cl, Br, or I or their mixed) nanowire arrays in large scale on mica substrate. The as-grown nanowire features a triangular prism morphology with typical length ranging from a few tens of micrometers to a few millimeters. Structural analysis reveals that the wire arrays follow the symmetry of mica substrate through incommensurate epitaxy, paving a way for a universally applicable method to grow a broad family of halide perovskite materials. The unique photon transport in the one-dimensional structure has been studied in the all-inorganic Cs-based perovskite wires via temperature dependent and spatially resolved photoluminescence. Epitaxy of well oriented wire arrays in halide perovskite would be a promising direction for enabling the circuit-level applications of halide perovskite in high-performance electro-optics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB21TN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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43
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Xiang Y, Guo FW, Lu TM, Wang GC. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements of reciprocal space structure of 2D materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:485703. [PMID: 27796278 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/48/485703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the symmetry and perfection of a 2D material deposited or transferred to a surface is very important and valuable. We demonstrate a method to map the reciprocal space structure of 2D materials using reflection high energy diffraction (RHEED). RHEED from a 2D material gives rise to 'streaks' patterns. It is shown that from these streaks patterns at different azimuthal rotation angles that the reciprocal space intensity distribution can be constructed as a function of momentum transfer parallel to the surface. To illustrate the principle, we experimentally constructed the reciprocal space structure of a commercial graphene/SiO2/Si sample in which the graphene layer was transferred to the SiO2/Si substrate after it was deposited on a Cu foil by chemical vapor deposition. The result reveals a 12-fold symmetry of the graphene layer which is a result of two dominant orientation domains with 30° rotation relative to each other. We show that the graphene can serve as a template to grow other materials such as a SnS film that follows the symmetry of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, and Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180-3950, USA
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44
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Lin YC, Bilgin I, Ahmed T, Chen R, Pete D, Kar S, Zhu JX, Gupta G, Mohite A, Yoo J. Charge transfer in crystalline germanium/monolayer MoS 2 heterostructures prepared by chemical vapor deposition. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18675-18681. [PMID: 27714095 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructuring provides novel opportunities for exploring emergent phenomena and applications by developing designed properties beyond those of homogeneous materials. Advances in nanoscience enable the preparation of heterostructures formed incommensurate materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are of particular interest due to their distinct physical characteristics. Recently, 2D/2D heterostructures have opened up new research areas. However, other heterostructures such as 2D/three-dimensional (3D) materials have not been thoroughly studied yet although the growth of 3D materials on 2D materials creating 2D/3D heterostructures with exceptional carrier transport properties has been reported. Here we report a novel heterostructure composed of Ge and monolayer MoS2, prepared by chemical vapor deposition. A single crystalline Ge (110) thin film was grown on monolayer MoS2. The electrical characteristics of Ge and MoS2 in the Ge/MoS2 heterostructure were remarkably different from those of isolated Ge and MoS2. The field-effect conductivity type of the monolayer MoS2 is converted from n-type to p-type by growth of the Ge thin film on top of it. Undoped Ge on MoS2 is highly conducting. The observations can be explained by charge transfer in the heterostructure as opposed to chemical doping via the incorporation of impurities, based on our first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chen Lin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Ismail Bilgin
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Materials Physics and Applications-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Towfiq Ahmed
- T-4, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Doug Pete
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87110, USA
| | - Swastik Kar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- T-4, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Gautam Gupta
- Materials Physics and Applications-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Aditya Mohite
- Materials Physics and Applications-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jinkyoung Yoo
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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45
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Zheng JY, Xu H, Wang JJ, Winters S, Motta C, Karademir E, Zhu W, Varrla E, Duesberg GS, Sanvito S, Hu W, Donegan JF. Vertical Single-Crystalline Organic Nanowires on Graphene: Solution-Phase Epitaxy and Optical Microcavities. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4754-4762. [PMID: 27438189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanowires (NWs) of single crystal semiconductors have attracted a great deal of interest in the past few years. They have strong potential to be used in device structures with high density and with intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, fabricating such nanowire structures using organic semiconducting materials remains technically challenging. Here we report a simple procedure for the synthesis of crystalline 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA) NWs on a graphene surface utilizing a solution-phase van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial strategy. The wires are found to grow preferentially in a vertical direction on the surface of graphene. Structural characterization and first-principles ab initio simulations were performed to investigate the epitaxial growth and the molecular orientation of the BPEA molecules on graphene was studied, revealing the role of interactions at the graphene-BPEA interface in determining the molecular orientation. These free-standing NWs showed not only efficient optical waveguiding with low loss along the NW but also confinement of light between the two end facets of the NW forming a microcavity Fabry-Pérot resonator. From an analysis of the optical dispersion within such NW microcavities, we observed strong slowing of the waveguided light with a group velocity reduced to one-tenth the speed of light. Applications of the vertical single-crystalline organic NWs grown on graphene will benefit from a combination of the unique electronic properties and flexibility of graphene and the tunable optical and electronic properties of organic NWs. Therefore, these vertical organic NW arrays on graphene offer the potential for realizing future on-chip light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weigang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
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46
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Zhu DD, Xia J, Wang L, Li XZ, Tian LF, Meng XM. van der Waals epitaxy and photoresponse of two-dimensional CdSe plates. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11375-9. [PMID: 27199079 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02779b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the first growth of two-dimensional (2D) single-crystalline CdSe plates on mica substrates via van der Waals epitaxy. The as-synthesized 2D plates exhibit hexagonal, truncated triangular and triangular shapes with the lateral size around several microns. Photodetectors based on 2D CdSe plates present a fast response time of 24 ms, revealing that 2D CdSe is a promising building block for ultrathin optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 10049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 10049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 10049, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 10049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Min Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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47
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Zhao C, Ng TK, Wei N, Prabaswara A, Alias MS, Janjua B, Shen C, Ooi BS. Facile Formation of High-Quality InGaN/GaN Quantum-Disks-in-Nanowires on Bulk-Metal Substrates for High-Power Light-Emitters. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1056-1063. [PMID: 26745217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-quality nitride materials grown on scalable and low-cost metallic substrates are considerably attractive for high-power light-emitters. We demonstrate here, for the first time, the high-power red (705 nm) InGaN/GaN quantum-disks (Qdisks)-in-nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs) self-assembled directly on metal-substrates. The LEDs exhibited a low turn-on voltage of ∼2 V without efficiency droop up to injection current of 500 mA (1.6 kA/cm(2)) at ∼5 V. This is achieved through the direct growth and optimization of high-quality nanowires on titanium (Ti) coated bulk polycrystalline-molybdenum (Mo) substrates. We performed extensive studies on the growth mechanisms, obtained high-crystal-quality nanowires, and confirmed the epitaxial relationship between the cubic titanium nitride (TiN) transition layer and the hexagonal nanowires. The growth of nanowires on all-metal stack of TiN/Ti/Mo enables simultaneous implementation of n-metal contact, reflector, and heat sink, which greatly simplifies the fabrication process of high-power light-emitters. Our work ushers in a practical platform for high-power nanowires light-emitters, providing versatile solutions for multiple cross-disciplinary applications that are greatly enhanced by leveraging on the chemical stability of nitride materials, large specific surface of nanowires, chemical lift-off ready layer structures, and reusable Mo substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tien Khee Ng
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nini Wei
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya Prabaswara
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd S Alias
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Janjua
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao Shen
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Photonics Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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48
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Liu X, Balla I, Bergeron H, Campbell GP, Bedzyk MJ, Hersam MC. Rotationally Commensurate Growth of MoS2 on Epitaxial Graphene. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1067-75. [PMID: 26565112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin MoS2/graphene heterostructures are promising candidates for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic technologies. Among different graphene substrates, epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC provides several potential advantages for such heterostructures, including high electronic quality, tunable substrate coupling, wafer-scale processability, and crystalline ordering that can template commensurate growth. Exploiting these attributes, we demonstrate here the thickness-controlled van der Waals epitaxial growth of MoS2 on EG via chemical vapor deposition, giving rise to transfer-free synthesis of a two-dimensional heterostructure with registry between its constituent materials. The rotational commensurability observed between the MoS2 and EG is driven by the energetically favorable alignment of their respective lattices and results in nearly strain-free MoS2, as evidenced by synchrotron X-ray scattering and atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The electronic nature of the MoS2/EG heterostructure is elucidated with STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, which reveals bias-dependent apparent thickness, band bending, and a reduced band gap of ∼0.4 eV at the monolayer MoS2 edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Itamar Balla
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hadallia Bergeron
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gavin P Campbell
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Physics, ∥Department of Chemistry, and ⊥Department of Medicine, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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49
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Utama MIB, Xing G, Sum TC, Xiong Q. Phonon-Assisted Anti-Stokes Lasing in ZnTe Nanoribbons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:276-283. [PMID: 26573758 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emission and its stimulated emission in polar semiconductor ZnTe are demonstrated via the annihilation of phonons as a result of strong exciton-phonon coupling. The findings are not only important for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers, but are also promising for manufacturing ultraefficient solid-state laser coolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - M Iqbal Bakti Utama
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
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50
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Wang Q, Wen Y, Yao F, Huang Y, Wang Z, Li M, Zhan X, Xu K, Wang F, Wang F, Li J, Liu K, Jiang C, Liu F, He J. BN-Enabled Epitaxy of Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Se Nanoplates on SiO₂/Si for High-Performance Mid-Infrared Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5388-5394. [PMID: 26305343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By designing a few-layer boron nitried (BN) buffer layer, topological crystalline insulator Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Se nanoplates are directly grown on SiO2/Si, which shows high compatibility with current Si-based integrated circuit technology. Back-gated field-effect transistors of Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Se nanoplates exhibit a room-temperature carrier mobility of 0.73-4.90 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), comparable to layered materials and molecular crystals, and high-efficiency mid-IR detection (1.9-2.0 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Yao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Molin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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