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Heterocycles by Consecutive Multicomponent Syntheses via Catalytically Generated Alkynoyl Intermediates. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent processes are beneficial tools for the synthesis of heterocycles. As densely substituted bifunctional electrophiles, ynones are essential intermediates by applying cyclocondensations or cycloadditions in numerous heterocycle syntheses. The respective alkynoyl intermediates are generally accessible by palladium-, copper- and palladium/copper-catalyzed alkynylation. In turn, the mild reaction conditions allow for a fast and versatile entry to functional heterocycles in the sense of consecutive multicomponent processes. This review collates and presents recent advances in accessing thirteen heterocycle classes and their applications by virtue of catalytic alkynoyl generation in diversity-oriented multicomponent syntheses in a one-pot fashion.
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Worch JC, Stubbs CJ, Price MJ, Dove AP. Click Nucleophilic Conjugate Additions to Activated Alkynes: Exploring Thiol-yne, Amino-yne, and Hydroxyl-yne Reactions from (Bio)Organic to Polymer Chemistry. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6744-6776. [PMID: 33764739 PMCID: PMC8227514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between activated alkynes or acetylenic Michael acceptors and nucleophiles (i.e., the nucleophilic Michael reaction) is a historically useful organic transformation. Despite its general utility, the efficiency and outcomes can vary widely and are often closely dependent upon specific reaction conditions. Nevertheless, with improvements in reaction design, including catalyst development and an expansion of the substrate scope to feature more electrophilic alkynes, many examples now present with features that are congruent with Click chemistry. Although several nucleophilic species can participate in these conjugate additions, ubiquitous nucleophiles such as thiols, amines, and alcohols are commonly employed and, consequently, among the most well developed. For many years, these conjugate additions were largely relegated to organic chemistry, but in the last few decades their use has expanded into other spheres such as bioorganic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Within these fields, they have been particularly useful for bioconjugation reactions and step-growth polymerizations, respectively, due to their excellent efficiency, orthogonality, and ambient reactivity. The reaction is expected to feature in increasingly divergent application settings as it continues to emerge as a Click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Worch
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Connor J. Stubbs
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Price
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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3
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Nenajdenko VG. Access to molecular complexity. Multicomponent reactions involving five or more components. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the significance of a chemical transformation addresses many factors, including such important characteristics as the number of chemical bonds formed in one step, the reaction time, labour intensity, the cost of reactants and catalysts and so on. The amount of waste produced in the reaction has also gained increasing importance in recent years. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) occupy a special place as a synthetic tool in modern organic chemistry. These reactions allow the synthesis of target products with complex structures, minimizing labour costs. This review summarizes the literature on multicomponent reactions involving five or more components. The data in the review are classified according to the number of reactants participating in the reaction and the types of reactions. It is worth noting that in some cases, these transformations can be a part of a domino process, making this classification difficult, if not impossible. The structural diversity of the reaction products greatly increases with increasing number of components involved in the MCR, which becomes virtually unlimited when using combinations of MCRs. This review highlights the main trends of past decades in the field of MCRs. The last two decades have witnessed an explosive growth in the number of publications in this area of chemistry.
The bibliography includes 309 references.
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4
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Acyl Sonogashira Cross-Coupling: State of the Art and Application to the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The acyl Sonogashira reaction represents an extension of Sonogashira cross-coupling to acid chlorides which replace aryl or vinyl halides, while terminal acetylenes are used as coupling partners in both reactions. The introduction of a carbonyl functional group on the alkyne backbone determines a radical change in the reactivity of the products. Indeed, α,β-alkynyl ketones can be easily converted into different heterocyclic compounds depending on the experimental conditions employed. Due to its potential, the acyl Sonogashira reaction has been deeply studied with particular attention to the nature of the catalysts and to the structures of both coupling compounds. Considering these two aspects, in this review, a detailed analysis of the literature data regarding the acyl Sonogashira reaction and its role in the synthesis of several heterocyclic derivatives is reported.
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Thiophene Syntheses by Ring Forming Multicomponent Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:38. [PMID: 30221315 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiophenes occur as important building blocks in natural products, pharmaceutical active compounds, and in materials for electronic and opto-electronic devices. Therefore, there is a considerable demand for efficient synthetic strategies for producing these compounds. This review focuses on ring-forming multicomponent reactions for synthesizing thiophenes and their derivatives.
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6
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Merkt FK, Müller TJJ. Solid State and Aggregation Induced Emissive Chromophores by Multi-component Syntheses. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K. Merkt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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7
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Grotkopp O, Müller TJJ. Synthesis of bi- and terthiophenes initiated by microwave-assisted coupling-isomerization reaction. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Shen C, Spannenberg A, Auer M, Wu XF. Utilizing an Encapsulated Solution of Reagents to Achieve the Four-Component Synthesis of (Benzo)Thiophene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Shen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Auer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Levi L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent Syntheses of Fluorophores Initiated by Metal Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Levi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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11
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Rupakheti C, Al-Saadon R, Zhang Y, Virshup AM, Zhang P, Yang W, Beratan DN. Diverse Optimal Molecular Libraries for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:1942-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Rupakheti
- Program
in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rachael Al-Saadon
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Aaron M. Virshup
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Abstract
Multicomponent reactions are a valuable tool for the synthesis of functional π-electron systems. Two different approaches can be taken into account for accessing the target structures. In the more conventional scaffold approach an already existing chromophore is coupled with other components to give a complex functional π-system. Here, electronically monotonous components can also be introduced, which may exert synergistic electronic effects within the novel compound. The more demanding chromophore concept generates a complete π-electron system and a scaffold concurrently. The latter approach is particularly stimulating for methodologists since π-systems might be accessible from simple starting materials. This review encompasses the advances in the preparation of functional π-electron systems via multicomponent processes during the past few years, based both on the scaffold and chromophore concepts. Besides the synthetic strategies the most important properties, i.e. redox potentials, absorption and emission maxima or fluorescence quantum yields, of the synthesized molecules are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Levi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Moni L, Gers-Panther CF, Anselmo M, Müller TJJ, Riva R. Highly Convergent Synthesis of Intensively Blue Emissive Furo[2,3-c
]isoquinolines by a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade of Unsaturated Ugi Products. Chemistry 2016; 22:2020-2031. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Charlotte F. Gers-Panther
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromoleculare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Manuel Anselmo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromoleculare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Renata Riva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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14
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Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles Initiated by Catalytic Generation of Ynones and Ynediones. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Vatansever EC, Kılıç K, Özer MS, Koza G, Menges N, Balci M. Intermolecular heterocyclization of alkynones with 2-mercaptoacetaldehyde under metal-free conditions: synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted thiophenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Nordmann J, Eierhoff S, Denißen M, Mayer B, Müller TJJ. Two-Step Synthesis of Blue Luminescent (Pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-(aza)indazoles Based on a Three-Component Coupling-Cyclocondensation Sequence. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Deng H, Hu R, Zhao E, Chan CYK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. One-Pot Three-Component Tandem Polymerization Toward Functional Poly(arylene thiophenylene) with Aggregation-Enhanced Emission Characteristics. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Deng
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Rongrong Hu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Engui Zhao
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carrie Y. K. Chan
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Guangdong
Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
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