1
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Yu J, Liu T, Sun W, Zhang Y. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Elimination of Carboxylic Acids to Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7816-7821. [PMID: 37870311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical strategy for the decarboxylative elimination of carboxylic acids to alkenes at room temperature has been developed. This mild and oxidant-free method provides a green alternative to traditional thermal decarboxylation reactions. Structurally diverse aliphatic carboxylic acids, including biologically active drugs, underwent smooth conversion to the corresponding alkenes in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiage Yu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wanhao Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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2
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Carmo RLL, Galster SL, Wdowik T, Song C, Chemler SR. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Aerobic Alkene Aminooxygenation and Dioxygenation: Access to 2-Formyl Saturated Heterocycles and Unnatural Proline Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13715-13729. [PMID: 37327484 PMCID: PMC10330884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkene aminooxygenation and dioxygenation reactions that result in carbonyl products are uncommon, and protocols that control absolute stereochemistry are rare. We report herein catalytic enantioselective alkene aminooxygenation and dioxygenation that directly provide enantioenriched 2-formyl saturated heterocycles under aerobic conditions. Cyclization of substituted 4-pentenylsulfonamides, catalyzed by readily available chiral copper complexes and employing molecular oxygen as both oxygen source and stoichiometric oxidant, directly provides chiral 2-formyl pyrrolidines efficiently. Reductive or oxidative workup of these aldehydes provides their respective amino alcohols or amino acids (unnatural prolines). Enantioselective synthesis of an indoline and isoquinolines is also demonstrated. Concurrently, cyclization of various alkenols under similar conditions provides 2-formyl tetrahydrofurans, phthalans, isochromans, and morpholines. The nature of the copper ligands, the concentration of molecular oxygen, and the reaction temperature all impact the product distribution. Chiral nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles are common components of bioactive small molecules, and these enabling technologies provide access to saturated heterocycles functionalized with ready-to-use carbonyl electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chaeeon Song
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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3
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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4
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Naito Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Synthesis of piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization of imine with terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:350-359. [PMID: 35422883 PMCID: PMC8978912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization using readily available imine and terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Reduction of the substrate imine on the cathode proceeded efficiently due to the large specific surface area of the microreactor. This method provided target compounds in good yields compared to a conventional batch-type reaction. Furthermore, piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives could be obtained on preparative scale by continuous electrolysis for approximately 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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5
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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6
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Liu H, He GC, Zhao CY, Zhang XX, Ji DW, Hu YC, Chen QA. Redox-Divergent Construction of (Dihydro)thiophenes with DMSO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24284-24291. [PMID: 34460141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thiophene-based rings are one of the most widely used building blocks for the synthesis of sulfur-containing molecules. Inspired by the redox diversity of these features in nature, we demonstrate herein a redox-divergent construction of dihydrothiophenes, thiophenes, and bromothiophenes from the respective readily available allylic alcohols, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and HBr. The redox-divergent selectivity could be manipulated mainly by controlling the dosage of DMSO and HBr. Mechanistic studies suggest that DMSO simultaneously acts as an oxidant and a sulfur donor. The synthetic potentials of the products as platform molecules were also demonstrated by various derivatizations, including the preparation of bioactive and functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Redox‐Divergent Construction of (Dihydro)thiophenes with DMSO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Li M, Hong J, Xiao W, Yang Y, Qiu D, Mo F. Electrocatalytic Oxidative Transformation of Organic Acids for Carbon-Heteroatom and Sulfur-Heteroatom Bond Formation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1661-1687. [PMID: 31804002 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrolysis of organic acids has garnered increasing attention in recent years. In addition to the famous electrochemical decarboxylation known as Kolbe electrolysis, a number of other electrochemical processes have been recently established that allow for the construction of carbon-heteroatom and sulfur-heteroatom bonds from organic acids. Herein, recent advances in electrochemical C-X and S-X (X=N, O, S, Se) bond-forming reactions from five classes of organic acids and their conjugate bases, namely, carboxylic, thiocarboxylic, phosphonic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids, are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Junting Hong
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance, for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of, Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P.R. China
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Donghai Silicon Industry S&T Innovation Center, Donghai County, Jiangsu, 222300, P.R. China
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9
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Ashikari Y, Saito K, Nokami T, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. Oxo-Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2019; 25:15239-15243. [PMID: 31414708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the cationic oxo-thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Kim N, Widenhoefer RA. Synthesis of gold allyloxysulfonium complexes and elimination to form an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13745-13748. [PMID: 31661087 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the gold vinyl carbene/allylic cation complex (E)-[(IPr)AuC(H)C(H)C(4-C6H4OMe)2]+ OTf- with sulfoxides at -95 °C formed the corresponding gold allyloxysulfonium complexes [(IPr)AuC(H)(OSR2)C(H)[double bond, length as m-dash]C(4-C6H4OMe)2]+ OTf- [R = Me, -(CH2)4-, Ar] in ≥95 ± 5% NMR yield. Allyloxysulfonium gold complexes underwent elimination at or below room temperature to form 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde in ≥67% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kim
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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11
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Mei H, Yin Z, Liu J, Sun H, Han J. Recent Advances on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Zizhen Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Hailong Sun
- Nanjing Research Institute of Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Co., Ltd Nanjing Jiangsu 210048 China
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
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12
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Martins GM, Shirinfar B, Hardwick T, Ahmed N. A Green Approach: Vicinal Oxidative Electrochemical Alkene Difunctionalization. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. Martins
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS 97105–900 Brazil
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Hardwick
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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13
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1892] [Impact Index Per Article: 270.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangye Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473061, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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16
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Abstract
The preparation and transformation of heterocyclic structures have always been of great interest in organic chemistry. Electrochemical technique provides a versatile and powerful approach to the assembly of various heterocyclic structures. In this review, we examine the advance in relation to the electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds published since 2000 via intra- and intermolecular cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangye Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang , Henan 473061 , China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science & Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
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17
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Wdowik T, Chemler SR. Direct Synthesis of 2-Formylpyrrolidines, 2-Pyrrolidinones and 2-Dihydrofuranones via Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Aminooxygenation and Dioxygenation of 4-Pentenylsulfonamides and 4-Pentenylalcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9515-9518. [PMID: 28678493 PMCID: PMC5782800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the direct conversion of 4-pentenylsulfonamides to 2-formylpyrrolidines and a 2-ketopyrrolidine has been developed. This transformation occurs via aerobic copper-catalyzed alkene aminooxygenation where molecular oxygen serves as both oxidant and oxygen source. The 2-formylpyrrolidines can further undergo oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage in situ upon addition of DABCO, providing 2-pyrrolidinones. These transformations have been demonstrated for a range of 4-pentenylsulfonamides. 4-Pentenylalcohols also undergo oxidative cyclization to form γ-lactones predominantly. The reaction is chemoselective, oxidizing one alkene in the presence of others, and is compatible with several functional groups. Application of these reactions to the formal syntheses of baclofen and (+)-monomorine was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wdowik
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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18
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Kwon Y, Jung J, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Kim S. Amide Acetal in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation with Allylic Alcohols under Neutral Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
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19
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Barrionuevo CA, Schmidt LC, Argüello JE. Unexpected formation of 4,4-dimethyl-1,2-disubstituted-dicarbonyl cyclopentanes from ketone enolate anions and 1,3-diiodo-2,2-dimethylpropane. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03672k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel access to 1,2-dicarbonyl cyclopentane compounds by tandem dimerization–cyclization reactions under transition-metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Barrionuevo
- INFIQC-CONICET
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Luciana C. Schmidt
- INFIQC-CONICET
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Juan E. Argüello
- INFIQC-CONICET
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
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20
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Yoshida JI, Shimizu A, Ashikari Y, Morofuji T, Hayashi R, Nokami T, Nagaki A. Reaction Integration Using Electrogenerated Cationic Intermediates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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21
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Shimizu A, Hayashi R, Ashikari Y, Nokami T, Yoshida JI. Switching the reaction pathways of electrochemically generated β-haloalkoxysulfonium ions - synthesis of halohydrins and epoxides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:242-8. [PMID: 25815076 PMCID: PMC4362321 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Haloalkoxysulfonium ions generated by the reaction of electrogenerated Br(+) and I(+) ions stabilized by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reacted with sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide to give the corresponding halohydrins and epoxides, respectively, whereas the treatment with triethylamine gave α-halocarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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22
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Matsumoto K, Miyamoto Y, Shimada K, Morisawa Y, Zipse H, Suga S, Yoshida JI, Kashimura S, Wakabayashi T. Low temperature in situ Raman spectroscopy of an electro-generated arylbis(arylthio)sulfonium ion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13106-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03585f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature in situ Raman spectroscopy detects reactive intermediate cations generated by the electrochemical oxidation in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | - Yu Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Morisawa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry
- LMU München
- D-81377 München
- Germany
| | - Seiji Suga
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | - Tomonari Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
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23
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Nokami T, Musya N, Morofuji T, Takeda K, Takumi M, Shimizu A, Yoshida JI. Redox active dendronized polystyrenes equipped with peripheral triarylamines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:3097-103. [PMID: 25670978 PMCID: PMC4311719 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendronized polystyrene having peripheral bromo groups was prepared from the dendronization of unfunctionalized polystyrene with dendritic diarylcarbenium ions bearing peripheral bromo groups using the "cation pool" method. The palladium-catalyzed amination of the peripheral bromo groups with diarylamine gave dendronized polystyrene equipped with peripheral triarylamines, which exhibited two sets of reversible redox peaks in the cyclic voltammetry curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Musya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Takeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Francke R. Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2858-73. [PMID: 25550752 PMCID: PMC4273298 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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25
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Morofuji T, Shimizu A, Yoshida JI. Direct C–N Coupling of Imidazoles with Aromatic and Benzylic Compounds via Electrooxidative C–H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4496-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501093m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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26
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Ashikari Y, Kiuchi Y, Takeuchi T, Ueoka K, Suga S, Yoshida JI. Addition of N-Acyliminium Ion Pools to Alkenes Having a Nucleophilic Moiety: Integration of Intermolecular and Intramolecular Reactions. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yohei Kiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tomoya Takeuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Koji Ueoka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Seiji Suga
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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27
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Redden A, Perkins RJ, Moeller KD. Oxidative cyclization reactions: controlling the course of a radical cation-derived reaction with the use of a second nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12865-8. [PMID: 24254900 PMCID: PMC4374546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Construction of new ring systems: Oxidative cyclizations (see picture; RVC=reticulated vitreous carbon) have been conducted that use two separate intramolecular nucleophiles to trap an enol ether-derived radical cation intermediate. The reactions provide a means for rapidly trapping the radical cation intermediate in a manner that avoids competitive decomposition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Redden
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 (USA)
| | - Robert J. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 (USA)
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 (USA)
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28
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Redden A, Perkins RJ, Moeller KD. Oxidative Cyclization Reactions: Controlling the Course of a Radical Cation-Derived Reaction with the Use of a Second Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Ashikari Y, Shimizu A, Nokami T, Yoshida JI. Halogen and chalcogen cation pools stabilized by DMSO. Versatile reagents for alkene difunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16070-3. [PMID: 24111518 DOI: 10.1021/ja4092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Halogen and chalcogen cations (X(+) = Br(+), I(+), ArS(+), and ArSe(+)) were generated by low-temperature electrochemical oxidation in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were accumulated in the solution. DFT calculations indicated that DMSO stabilizes these cations by coordination. The complexes of I(+) with one and two DMSO molecules were observed by cold-spray-ionization MS analyses. The stability of the resulting cation pools of X(+) increased in the order of Br(+) < I(+) < ArS(+) < ArSe(+), which could be explained in terms of the electronegativity of X. The cation pools served as versatile reagents for organic synthesis; the reactions with alkenes gave β-X-substituted alkoxysulfonium ions, which were converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds by the treatment with triethylamine, whereas the treatment with methanol gave the corresponding alcohols. The reactions with aminoalkenes and 1,6-dienes gave the cyclized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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30
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Yoshida JI, Ashikari Y, Matsumoto K, Nokami T. Recent Developments in the ^|^ldquo;Cation Pool^|^rdquo; Method. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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