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Qi Z, Qin Y, Wang J, Zhao M, Yu Z, Xu Q, Nie H, Yan Q, Ge Y. The aqueous supramolecular chemistry of crown ethers. Front Chem 2023; 11:1119240. [PMID: 36742036 PMCID: PMC9895837 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the seminal exploration of aqueous supramolecular chemistry of crown ether macrocycles. In history, most research of crown ethers were focusing on their supramolecular chemistry in organic phase or in gas phase. In sharp contrast, the recent research evidently reveal that crown ethers are very suitable for studying abroad range of the properties and applications of water interactions, from: high water-solubility, control of Hofmeister series, "structural water", and supramolecular adhesives. Key studies revealing more details about the properties of water and aqueous solutions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Zhenhui Qi, ; Qiangqiang Xu, ; Yan Ge,
| | - Yao Qin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maojin Zhao
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Zhenhui Qi, ; Qiangqiang Xu, ; Yan Ge,
| | - Hongqi Nie
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qilong Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE), Shaanxi Provincial Synergistic Innovation Center for Flexible Electronics & Health Sciences (FEHS), School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Zhenhui Qi, ; Qiangqiang Xu, ; Yan Ge,
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2
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Lv P, Shen X, Cui Z, Li B, Xu Q, Yu Z, Lu W, Shao H, Ge Y, Qi Z. Mechanically strong and stiff supramolecular polymers enabled by fiber reinforced
long‐chain
alkane matrix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lv
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xin Shen
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhiliyu Cui
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Bo Li
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qiangqiang Xu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Weijie Lu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Haonan Shao
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino‐German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Biological Optoelectronics and Healthcare Engineering (BOHE) School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China
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3
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Tomé LC, Porcarelli L, Bara JE, Forsyth M, Mecerreyes D. Emerging iongel materials towards applications in energy and bioelectronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3239-3265. [PMID: 34750597 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have blossomed as versatile task-specific materials with a unique combination of properties, which can be beneficial for a plethora of different applications. The additional need of incorporating ILs into solid devices led to the development of a new class of ionic soft-solid materials, named here iongels. Nowadays, iongels cover a wide range of materials mostly composed of an IL component immobilized within different matrices such as polymers, inorganic networks, biopolymers or inorganic nanoparticles. This review aims at presenting an integrated perspective on the recent progress and advances in this emerging type of material. We provide an analysis of the main families of iongels and highlight the emerging types of these ionic soft materials offering additional properties, such as thermoresponsiveness, self-healing, mixed ionic/electronic properties, and (photo)luminescence, among others. Next, recent trends in additive manufacturing (3D printing) of iongels are presented. Finally, their new applications in the areas of energy, gas separation and (bio)electronics are detailed and discussed in terms of performance, underpinning it to the structural features and processing of iongel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Tomé
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Jason E Bara
- University of Alabama, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Maria Forsyth
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Roy A, Srivastava SK, Shrivastava SL, Mandal AK. Hierarchical Assembly of Nanodimensional Silver-Silver Oxide Physical Gels Controlling Nosocomial Infections. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32617-32631. [PMID: 33376899 PMCID: PMC7758962 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections originating from medical care facilities are raising serious concerns across the globe. Therefore, nanotechnology-derived nanostructures have been investigated and explored due to their promising characteristics. In view of this, silver-based antimicrobial hydrogels as an alternative to antibiotic-based creams could play a crucial role in combating such infections. Toward this goal, we report a simple method for the synthesis and assembly of silver nanoparticles in a biopolymer physical gel derived from Abroma augusta plant in imparting antimicrobial properties against nosocomial pathogens. Synthesized silver nanoparticles (diameter, 30 ± 10 nm) were uniformly distributed inside the hydrogel. Such synthesized hydrogel assembly of silver nanoparticles dispersed in the biopolymer matrix exhibited hemocompatibility and antimicrobial and antibiofilm characteristics against nosocomial pathogens. The developed hydrogel as a surface coating offers reduced hardness and modulus value, thereby minimizing the brittleness tendency of the gel in the dried state. Hence, we believe that the hierarchical assembly of our hydrogel owing to its functional activity, host toxicity, and stability could possibly be used as an antimicrobial ointment for bacterial infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Roy
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
- Agricultural
and Food Engineering Department, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Srivastava
- Inorganic
Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposite Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shanker Lal Shrivastava
- Agricultural
and Food Engineering Department, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, Raiganj 733134, West Bengal, India
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5
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Šantić A, Brinkkötter M, Portada T, Frkanec L, Cremer C, Schönhoff M, Moguš-Milanković A. Supramolecular ionogels prepared with bis(amino alcohol)oxamides as gelators: ionic transport and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17070-17078. [PMID: 35496933 PMCID: PMC9053178 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular ionogels composed of an ionic liquid (IL) immobilized in a network of self-assembled low-molecular weight molecules have been attracting considerable interest due to their applicability as smart electrolytes for various electrochemical applications. Despite considerable scientific effort in this field, the design of a mechanically and thermally stable yet highly conductive supramolecular ionogels still remains a challenge. In this article, we report on a series of novel ionogels of three ILs containing different cations (imidazolium/pyrrolidinium) and anions (tetrafluoroborate/bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) prepared using (S,S)-bis(amino alcohol)oxamides as gelators. The gelation behaviour of the oxamide compound depends strongly on the structural features of amino alcohol substituents. Among them, (S,S)-bis(valinol)oxamide (capable of gelling all three ILs) and (S,S)-bis(phenylalaninol)oxamide (capable of gelling ILs based on bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with a concentration as low as ≈0.2 wt%) are highly efficient. All investigated supramolecular ionogels retain the high ionic conductivity and ion diffusion coefficients of their parent IL, even for high gelator concentrations. Further, at low temperatures we observe an enhancement of the ionic conductivity in ionogels of (i) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate which can be attributed to specific interactions between ionic species and gelator molecules and (ii) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide due to inhibited crystallization. In contrast to ionic transport, mechanical strength of the ionogels shows a wider variation depending on the type and concentration of the oxamide gelator. Among all the ionogels, that of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide prepared with 1 wt% (S,S)-bis(phenylalaninol)oxamide exhibits the best performance: optical transparency, stability over a wide temperature range, high conductivity and high mechanical strength. The results presented here reveal the versatile nature of bis(amino alcohol)oxamides as gelators and their high potential for preparing functionalized IL-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Šantić
- Laboratory for Functional Materials, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marc Brinkkötter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Tomislav Portada
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Leo Frkanec
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Cornelia Cremer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Andrea Moguš-Milanković
- Laboratory for Functional Materials, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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6
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Shen X, Li B, Pan T, Wu J, Wang Y, Shang J, Ge Y, Jin L, Qi Z. Self-assembly behaviors of perylene- and naphthalene-crown macrocycle conjugates in aqueous medium. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1203-1209. [PMID: 31293667 PMCID: PMC6604709 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conjugates of perylene diimide (PDI) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) modified with two benzo-21-crown-7 ethers (B21C7) are herein described. Their self-assembly behavior in various solvents was investigated particularly in aqueous medium, due to the recently discovered hydrophilic properties of B21C7 crown macrocycle. An unexpected fluorescence quenching phenomenon was observed in the PDI-B21C7 macrocycle conjugate in chloroform. The detailed UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of these PDI/NDI derivatives in different solvents as well as their morphologies were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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7
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Kang SI, Lee M, Lee D. Weak Links To Differentiate Weak Bonds: Size-Selective Response of π-Conjugated Macrocycle Gels to Ammonium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5980-5986. [PMID: 30888168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level host-guest interactions can drive gel-to-sol phase transitions of the bulk material. Using supramolecular gels constructed from π-conjugated aza-crown macrocycles, we have investigated the effects of guest chemical structures on the kinetics of gel disassembly. While ammonium ions bind only weakly to the individual macrocycles in solution, gel-to-sol transitions of self-assembled macrocycles occur readily under ambient conditions. This net signal amplification process was monitored conveniently by time-dependent spectroscopic studies to reveal a straightforward correlation between the response rate and shape/size of the guest species. Well-designed weak links thus respond to subtle differences in weak bonds and translate them into visually discernible macroscopic signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Il Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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8
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Saha E, Mitra J. Multistimuli-Responsive Self-Healable and Moldable Nickel(II)-Based Gels for Reversible Gas Adsorption and Palladium Sequestration via Gel-to-Gel Transformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10718-10728. [PMID: 30807089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the in situ formation of Ni-based supramolecular organogel and organic-aqueous gels using amine appended triazole ligand, having varying morphology and rheological properties. These gels are self-healable and moldable or injectable respectively depending on the absence or presence of water in the gelation medium. Our studies reveal that the formation and rupture of hydrogen bonds assisted by the solvent movement is responsible for the self-healing nature of the gels. The porous structure of the gel has been observed from the migration of dye molecules on the self-healed gel. In addition, the gels show dual function of reversible adsorption of toxic gases and sequestration of heavy metal ions, especially palladium via gel-to-gel transformation. It is imperative to stress that such transformation is extremely rare for small molecule based metallogels. The dynamic nature of Ni-Ntriazole interactions has been utilized in achieving the reversible gas/vapor responsive behavior of the metallogels, which could be suitable in developing colorimetric probes for the detection of toxic gases and heavy metal ions. Such multifunctional gels are exceptional in contemporary literature and are expected to find utility in fabricating smart multistimuli-responsive gel-based materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekata Saha
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute , Gijubhai Badheka Marg , Bhavnagar 364002 , Gujarat , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Joyee Mitra
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute , Gijubhai Badheka Marg , Bhavnagar 364002 , Gujarat , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
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9
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Ge Y, Gong H, Shang J, Jin L, Pan T, Zhang Q, Dong S, Wang Y, Qi Z. Supramolecular Gel Based on Crown-Ether-Appended Dynamic Covalent Macrocycles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800731. [PMID: 30672634 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dynamic covalent macrocycle with self-promoted supramolecular gelation behavior is developed. Under oxidative conditions, the dithiol compound containing a diamide alkyl linker with an odd number (7) of carbon chain and an appended crown ether shows a remarkable gelation ability in acetonitrile, without any template molecules. Due to the existence of crown ethers and disulfide bonds, the obtained gel shows a multiple stimuli-responsiveness behavior. The mechanical properties and reversibility of the gel are investigated. Computational modeling suggests that the peripheral chain for diamide hydrogen bonding is responsible for the gelation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.,Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechincial University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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10
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Chen S, Zhang N, Zhang B, Zhang B, Song J. Multifunctional Self-Healing Ionogels from Supramolecular Assembly: Smart Conductive and Remarkable Lubricating Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44706-44715. [PMID: 30511565 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing ionogel is a promising smart material because of its high conductivity and reliable stimuli responsiveness upon mechanical damage. However, self-healing ionogels possessing rapid, complete recovery properties and multifunctionality are still limited. Herein, we designed a new d-gluconic acetal-based gelator (PB8) bearing a urea group in the alkyl side chain. Interestingly, the balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the molecule is achieved. Thus, PB8 could form transparent ionogels because of its excellent affinity to ionic liquids (ILs), which exhibited appropriate mechanical strength, high viscoelasticity, and efficient self-healing properties. The presence of synergistic effects from hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and interactions between the urea-containing side chains was responsible for the self-assembly of gelators in ILs and the self-healing property mainly related to the side chains of PB8. Interestingly, the transparent PB8-IL4 ionogel possessed high conductivity and mechanical strength, moldable and injectable properties, and rapid and complete self-healing characteristics (complete recovery within 14 min), which showed excellent performance as a smart ionic conductor. Furthermore, the self-healing PB8-based ionogels with anticorrosion properties are a remarkable lubricating material in the steel-steel contact and exhibited excellent lubricating performances. Overall, an efficient PB8-based ionogel with self-healing properties has been developed for potential use both as a smart electrical conductor and as a high-performance lubricating material. The unique structure of PB8 bearing a urea group in the side chain is found to be responsible for the multifunctional ionogel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Nanxiang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Baohao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China
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11
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Sahrash R, Siddiqa A, Razzaq H, Iqbal T, Qaisar S. PVDF based ionogels: applications towards electrochemical devices and membrane separation processes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00847. [PMID: 30450432 PMCID: PMC6226564 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionogels have emerged as one of the most interesting and captivating form of composites which credits to the outstanding characteristics. One of the most important constituent of ionogels is ionic liquid, which show many attractive properties notably non-volatility, in-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, tunability, thermal stability and solvating ability. A large variety of matrix materials have been under consideration for ionogels, presently, polymer/ionic liquid based ionogels have attracted much attention. Numerous polymeric materials such as have been utilized for these polymer/ionic liquids based ionogels. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been on top of the line as a matrix material for polymer based ionogels owing to its stability, aging and chemical resistance and mechanical strength. This review is primarily concerned with the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride based ionogels with an emphasis on their applications in various domains electrochemical devices, gas separation and liquid/liquid separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafida Sahrash
- NanoScience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Asima Siddiqa
- NanoScience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Razzaq
- NanoScience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- NanoScience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Sara Qaisar
- NanoScience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Chen S, Zhang B, Zhang N, Ge F, Zhang B, Wang X, Song J. Development of Self-Healing d-Gluconic Acetal-Based Supramolecular Ionogels for Potential Use as Smart Quasisolid Electrochemical Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5871-5879. [PMID: 29350518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Formation of supramolecular ionic liquid (IL) gels (ionogels) induced by low-molecular-mass gelators (LMMGs) is an efficient strategy to confine ILs, and the negligible influence of LMMGs on the electrochemical properties of ILs makes ionogels ideal quasisolid electrochemical materials. Furthermore, the stimuli-responsive and self-healing characters of the supramolecular gel can be utilized for the potential development of smart electrochemical materials. However, the poor mechanical properties of supramolecular ionogels reported so far limit their practical applications. Herein, we investigated a series of efficient d-gluconic acetal-based gelators (Gn, PG16, and B8) that can harden a wide variety of ILs at low concentrations. It was shown that both alkyl chain length and the number of hydrogen bonding sites of a certain gelator, as well as the nature of the IL anion, significantly influenced the gelation abilities. The resulting ionogels were thermally reversible, and most of them were stable at room temperature. Interestingly, a PG16-based supramolecular ionogel showed rapid self-healing properties upon mechanical damage. Furthermore, the PG16-based ionogel demonstrated unprecedented performances including the favorable ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, and enhanced viscoelasticity, which make it a great self-healing electrochemical material. The ionogel formation mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of Fourier transform infrared, 1HNMR, and X-ray diffraction, indicating that a combination of hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and interactions between alkyl chains was responsible for the self-assembly of gelators in ILs. Overall, our present studies on exploring the structure-property relationship of gelators for the formation of practically useful supramolecular ionogels shed light for future development of more functionalized ionogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Baohao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nanxiang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institude of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengsheng Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Schneider HJ. Logic-Gate Functions in Chemomechanical Materials. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2306-2313. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der; Universität des Saarlandes; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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14
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Coelho JP, Mayoral MJ, Camacho L, Martín-Romero MT, Tardajos G, López-Montero I, Sanz E, Ávila-Brande D, Giner-Casares JJ, Fernández G, Guerrero-Martínez A. Mechanosensitive Gold Colloidal Membranes Mediated by Supramolecular Interfacial Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1120-1128. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Coelho
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mayoral
- Nanostructured
Molecular Systems and Materials Group, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Camacho
- Departamento
de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María T. Martín-Romero
- Departamento
de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Tardajos
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ávila-Brande
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Giner-Casares
- Departamento
de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße,
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Brassinne J, Fustin CA, Gohy JF. Control over the assembly and rheology of supramolecular networks via multi-responsive double hydrophilic copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An orthogonal control over network formation and dynamics is achieved in metallo-supramolecular micellar gels via multi-responsive double hydrophilic copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Brassinne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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16
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Rizzo C, D'Anna F, Noto R, Zhang M, Weiss RG. Insights into the Formation and Structures of Molecular Gels by Diimidazolium Salt Gelators in Ionic Liquids or “Normal” Solvents. Chemistry 2016; 22:11269-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rizzo
- Università degli Studi di Palermo; Dipartimento STEBICEF, Sezione di Chimica, Viale delle Scienze, Parco O'Orleans II; 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca D'Anna
- Università degli Studi di Palermo; Dipartimento STEBICEF, Sezione di Chimica, Viale delle Scienze, Parco O'Orleans II; 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Renato Noto
- Università degli Studi di Palermo; Dipartimento STEBICEF, Sezione di Chimica, Viale delle Scienze, Parco O'Orleans II; 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Mohan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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17
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Qi Z, Achazi K, Haag R, Dong S, Schalley CA. Supramolecular hydrophobic guest transport system based on pillar[5]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10326-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A pillar[5]arene-based bioactive guest loading system was developed, which increased the solubility of norharmane in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Qi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shengyi Dong
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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18
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Wei Q, Schlaich C, Prévost S, Schulz A, Böttcher C, Gradzielski M, Qi Z, Haag R, Schalley CA. Supramolecular polymers as surface coatings: rapid fabrication of healable superhydrophobic and slippery surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7358-7364. [PMID: 25236438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymerization for non-wetting surface coatings is described. The self-assembly of low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) with perfluorinated side chains can be utilized to rapidly construct superhydrophobic, as well as liquid-infused slippery surfaces within minutes. The lubricated slippery surface exhibits impressive repellency to biological li-quids, such as human serum and blood, and very fast self-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstraβe 55, 14513, Teltow-Seehof, Germany
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19
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Cheng N, Hu Q, Bi Y, Xu W, Gong Y, Yu L. Gels and lyotropic liquid crystals: using an imidazolium-based catanionic surfactant in binary solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9076-9084. [PMID: 25025546 DOI: 10.1021/la502024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly behavior of an imidazolium-based catanionic surfactant, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate ([C4mim][C12H25SO4]), was investigated in water-ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) mixed solvents with different volume ratios. It is particular interesting that this simple surfactant could not only form lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) with multimesophases, i.e., normal hexagonal (H1), lamellar liquid crystal (Lα), and reverse bicontinuous cubic phase (V2), in the water-rich environment but also act as an efficient low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) which gelated EAN-abundant binary media in a broad concentration range. The peculiar nanodisk cluster morphology of gels composed of similar bilayer units was first observed. FT-IR spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that strong H bonding and electrostatic interactions between EAN and the headgroups of [C4mim][C12H25SO4] are primarily responsible for gelation. The self-assembled gels displayed excellent mechanical strength and a thermoreversible sol-gel transition. It is for the first time that a rich variety of controllable ordered aggregates could be observed only by simply modulating the concentration of a single imidazolium-based catanionic surfactant or the ratio of mixed solvents. This environmentally friendly system is expected to have broad applications in various fields, such as materials science, drug delivery systems, and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100, PR China
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20
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Nagasawa J, Wakahara S, Matsumoto H, Kihara H, Yoshida M. Effects of polyethylene spacer length in polymeric electrolytes on gelation of ionic liquids and ionogel properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun'ichi Nagasawa
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Sonoko Wakahara
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kihara
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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21
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Qi Z, Schalley CA. Exploring macrocycles in functional supramolecular gels: from stimuli responsiveness to systems chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2222-33. [PMID: 24937365 DOI: 10.1021/ar500193z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Supramolecular gels are ideal candidates for soft, stimuli-responsive materials, because they combine the elastic behavior of solids with the microviscous properties of fluids. The dynamic networks of fibers in supramolecular gels are reminiscent of the cytoskeleton of a cell and provide scaffolds to implement function. When gels are made responsive to stimuli, these mechanical properties can be controlled. Gel-sol transitions also open opportunities to immobilize molecules inside the gel's cavities and to release them on demand. To establish selective responsiveness, suitable recognition sites are required influencing the properties of the fiber network depending on the presence of the stimulus. Supramolecular gels are expected to be stimuli-responsive per se, for example, to temperature, mechanical stress, or an environment that is competitive with the noncovalent interactions connecting the low-molecular weight gelators. Nevertheless, the opportunities for controlling the mechanical properties are rather limited, if one merely relies on interfering with these interactions. It would be much more promising to equip the gel with additional receptor sites that offer selectivity for a broader variety of chemical stimuli. Macrocycles often exhibit a distinct host-guest chemistry and thus are excellent candidates for this purpose. A broad variety of macrocycles differing with respect to structure, topology, solubility, or biocompatibility have been incorporated in gels and endow gels with responsiveness and function. Macrocycles can have different roles: They offer rather rigid scaffolds for the construction of structurally well-defined gelator molecules. Furthermore, their host-guest interactions can be integral to gel formation, if these interactions are required to build the gel fibers. Finally, macrocycles can also be functional groups with which gelators are equipped that would also form gels in the absence of the macrocycle. Here, the macrocycle can be used as a binding site to allow additional stimuli control. To combine different stimuli for triggering gel-sol transitions certainly expands the options for establishing stimuli responsiveness. If, for example, an agent trapped inside the gel is only liberated when two different stimuli are present simultaneously, its release can be controlled with much higher precision and selectivity compared with a gel that responds to one stimulus only. In this Account, the recent progress in the construction of functional macrocycle-containing supramolecular gels is summarized. First, recent strategies to engineer responsiveness into macrocycle-containing gels are discussed. Next, different functions are presented including applications as responsive reaction media, for controlled drug-delivery or tissue engineering, and as self-healing materials. Finally, we highlight the recent progress in designing macrocycle-containing supramolecular gel materials exhibiting complex behavior. This field is part of systems chemistry and still in its infancy but appears to be one of the most promising routes to smart responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Qi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Xia D, Xue M. A supramolecular polymer gel with dual-responsiveness constructed by crown ether based molecular recognition. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular polymer gel was prepared from self-assembly of a heteroditopic A–B monomer based on benzo[18]crown-6. Such a gel shows interesting gel–sol transitions in response to dual-stimuli owing to the dynamically reversible complexation between benzo[18]crown-6 and primary alkylammonium salt moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, China
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