1
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Motz RN, Guo C, Sargun A, Walker GT, Sassone-Corsi M, Raffatellu M, Nolan EM. Conjugation to Native and Nonnative Triscatecholate Siderophores Enhances Delivery and Antibacterial Activity of a β-Lactam to Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7708-7722. [PMID: 38457782 PMCID: PMC11037102 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing new antibiotics and delivery strategies is of critical importance for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Hijacking bacterial iron uptake machinery, such as that of the siderophore enterobactin (Ent), represents one promising approach toward these goals. Here, we report a novel Ent-inspired siderophore-antibiotic conjugate (SAC) employing an alternative siderophore moiety as the delivery vector and demonstrate the potency of our SACs harboring the β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin (Amp) against multiple pathogenic Gram-negative bacterial strains. We establish the ability of N,N',N''-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzamide) (TRENCAM, hereafter TC), a synthetic mimic of Ent, to facilitate drug delivery across the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative pathogens. Conjugation of Amp to a new monofunctionalized TC scaffold affords TC-Amp, which displays markedly enhanced antibacterial activity against the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) compared with unmodified Amp. Bacterial uptake, antibiotic susceptibility, and microscopy studies with STm show that the TC moiety facilitates TC-Amp uptake by the OM receptors FepA and IroN and that the Amp warhead inhibits penicillin-binding proteins. Moreover, TC-Amp achieves targeted activity, selectively killing STm in the presence of a commensal lactobacillus. Remarkably, we uncover that TC-Amp and its Ent-based predecessor Ent-Amp achieve enhanced antibacterial activity against diverse Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens that express Ent uptake machinery, including strains that possess intrinsic β-lactam resistance. TC-Amp and Ent-Amp exhibit potency comparable to that of the FDA-approved SAC cefiderocol against Gram-negative pathogens. These results demonstrate the effective application of native and appropriately designed nonnative siderophores as vectors for drug delivery across the OM of multiple Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Motz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Artur Sargun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory T. Walker
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Rohrbacher C, Zscherp R, Weck SC, Klahn P, Ducho C. Synthesis of an Antimicrobial Enterobactin-Muraymycin Conjugate for Improved Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202408. [PMID: 36222466 PMCID: PMC10107792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming increasing antibiotic resistance requires the development of novel antibacterial agents that address new targets in bacterial cells. Naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics (such as muraymycins) inhibit the bacterial membrane protein MraY, a clinically unexploited essential enzyme in peptidoglycan (cell wall) biosynthesis. Even though a range of synthetic muraymycin analogues has already been reported, they generally suffer from limited cellular uptake and a lack of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. We herein report an approach to overcome these hurdles: a synthetic muraymycin analogue has been conjugated to a siderophore, i. e. the enterobactin derivative EntKL , to increase the cellular uptake into Gram-negative bacteria. The resultant conjugate showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against an efflux-deficient E. coli strain, thus providing a proof-of-concept of this novel approach and a starting point for the future optimisation of such conjugates towards potent agents against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rohrbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Weck
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Moynié L, Hoegy F, Milenkovic S, Munier M, Paulen A, Gasser V, Faucon AL, Zill N, Naismith JH, Ceccarelli M, Schalk IJ, Mislin GLA. Hijacking of the Enterobactin Pathway by a Synthetic Catechol Vector Designed for Oxazolidinone Antibiotic Delivery in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1894-1904. [PMID: 35881068 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Enterobactin (ENT) is a tris-catechol siderophore used to acquire iron by multiple bacterial species. These ENT-dependent iron uptake systems have often been considered as potential gates in the bacterial envelope through which one can shuttle antibiotics (Trojan horse strategy). In practice, siderophore analogues containing catechol moieties have shown promise as vectors to which antibiotics may be attached. Bis- and tris-catechol vectors (BCVs and TCVs, respectively) were shown using structural biology and molecular modeling to mimic ENT binding to the outer membrane transporter PfeA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TCV but not BCV appears to cross the outer membrane via PfeA when linked to an antibiotic (linezolid). TCV is therefore a promising vector for Trojan horse strategies against P. aeruginosa, confirming the ENT-dependent iron uptake system as a gate to transport antibiotics into P. aeruginosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Moynié
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QS, U.K
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Stefan Milenkovic
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mathilde Munier
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Aurélie Paulen
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Véronique Gasser
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Aline L Faucon
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Zill
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - James H Naismith
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QS, U.K.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genomics, 7 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.,IOM/CNR, Sezione di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, France
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4
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Mangal S, Dua T, Chauhan M, Dhingra N, Chhibber S, Singh V, Harjai K. Design, Synthesis, and Quorum Quenching Potential of Novel Catechol–Zingerone Conjugate to Find an Elixir to Tackle Pseudomonas aeruginosa Through the Trojan Horse Strategy. Front Chem 2022; 10:902719. [PMID: 35783213 PMCID: PMC9240400 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.902719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the issue of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a novel catechol–zingerone conjugate (1) linked via a non-hydrolyzable 1,2,3-triazole linker was synthesized and subjected to biological evaluation based on the Trojan horse strategy. To enhance the efficacy, catechol, a xenosiderophore, utilized by P. aeruginosa for iron assimilation, and the dietary phytochemical zingerone, known for its anti-virulent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were exploited in the present study. Theoretical validation of conjugate (1) was conducted by in silico molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction with outer membrane transport receptor PirA and quorum sensing signal receptors. In addition, nine-fold binding affinity of Conjugate (1) toward PirA (5FP2) in comparison to its natural ligand catechol with D-score −1.13 Å authenticated the designed Trojan horse drug. Conjugate (1) showed stronger anti-virulent activity than zingerone; hence, it exhibited a promising anti-biofilm efficacy as assessed by crystal violet assay and visualized by FESEM toward P. aeruginosa. Encouraging results against P. aeruginosa in terms of quorum sensing regulated virulence factors, motility phenotypes, and biofilm formation with no cell cytotoxicity and could help open hitherto unexplored possibilities of establishing Trojan horse drugs as a successful approach against multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Mangal
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tamanna Dua
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Vasundhara Singh, ; Kusum Harjai,
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Vasundhara Singh, ; Kusum Harjai,
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5
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Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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6
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Banerjee I, Ghosh KC, Oheix E, Jean M, Naubron JV, Réglier M, Iranzo O, Sinha S. Synthesis of Protected 3,4- and 2,3-Dimercaptophenylalanines as Building Blocks for Fmoc-Peptide Synthesis and Incorporation of the 3,4-Analogue in a Decapeptide Using Solid-Phase Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2210-2223. [PMID: 33491451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dimercaptophenylalanines and 2,3-dimercaptophenylalanines have been synthesized for the first time by nucleophilic substitution of a protected aminomalonate on 3,4- and 2,3-dimercaptobenzyl bromide derivatives. The dithiol functions were protected as thioketals, and the key precursors, diphenylthioketal-protected dimercaptobenzyl bromides, were synthesized via two distinct routes from either dihydroxy benzoates or toluene-3,4-dithiol. Racemic mixtures of the fully protected amino acids were separated by chiral HPLC into the corresponding enantiomers. The absolute configuration of both 3,4- and 2,3-analogues could be assigned based on X-ray crystallography and VCD/DFT measurements. Thioketal groups were deprotected upon reaction with mercury oxide and aqueous tetrafluoroboric acid followed by treatment with H2S gas under an argon atmosphere to obtain the corresponding dimercapto amino acids. The optically pure l-Fmoc-protected 3,4-analogue (S- enantiomer) was successfully incorporated into a decapeptide using standard solid-phase peptide synthesis. Therefore, dithiolene-functionalized peptides are now accessible from a simple synthetic procedure, and this should afford new molecular tools for research into the catalysis, diagnostic, and nanotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isita Banerjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Keshab Ch Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Emmanuel Oheix
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM-Spectropole,, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Olga Iranzo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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7
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Phenotypic Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates during Epithelial Cell Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111820. [PMID: 33218210 PMCID: PMC7699141 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron acquisition pathways have often been considered to be gateways for the uptake of antibiotics into bacteria. Bacteria excrete chelators, called siderophores, to access iron. Antibiotic molecules can be covalently attached to siderophores for their transport into pathogens during the iron-uptake process. P. aeruginosa produces two siderophores and is also able to use many siderophores produced by other bacteria. We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of iron-uptake pathway expression in an epithelial cell infection assay in the presence of two different siderophore-antibiotic conjugates, one with a hydroxamate siderophore and the second with a tris-catechol. Proteomic and RT-qPCR approaches showed that P. aeruginosa was able to sense the presence of both compounds in its environment and adapt the expression of its iron uptake pathways to access iron via them. Moreover, the catechol-type siderophore-antibiotic was clearly more efficient in inducing the expression of its corresponding transporter than the hydroxamate compound when both were simultaneously present. In parallel, the expression of the proteins of the two iron uptake pathways using siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa was significantly repressed in the presence of both conjugates. Altogether, the data indicate that catechol-type siderophores are more promising vectors for antibiotic vectorization using a Trojan-horse strategy.
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8
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Moynié L, Milenkovic S, Mislin GLA, Gasser V, Malloci G, Baco E, McCaughan RP, Page MGP, Schalk IJ, Ceccarelli M, Naismith JH. The complex of ferric-enterobactin with its transporter from Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests a two-site model. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3673. [PMID: 31413254 PMCID: PMC6694100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use small molecules called siderophores to scavenge iron. Siderophore-Fe3+ complexes are recognised by outer-membrane transporters and imported into the periplasm in a process dependent on the inner-membrane protein TonB. The siderophore enterobactin is secreted by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but many other bacteria including Pseudomonas species can use it. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas transporter PfeA recognises enterobactin using extracellular loops distant from the pore. The relevance of this site is supported by in vivo and in vitro analyses. We suggest there is a second binding site deeper inside the structure and propose that correlated changes in hydrogen bonds link binding-induced structural re-arrangements to the structural adjustment of the periplasmic TonB-binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Moynié
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genomics, 7 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stefan Milenkovic
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Gasser
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Etienne Baco
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Malcolm G P Page
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, 28759, Germany
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, F-67413, Strasbourg, France.
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - James H Naismith
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genomics, 7 Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.
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9
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Perraud Q, Moynié L, Gasser V, Munier M, Godet J, Hoegy F, Mély Y, Mislin GLA, Naismith JH, Schalk IJ. A Key Role for the Periplasmic PfeE Esterase in Iron Acquisition via the Siderophore Enterobactin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2603-2614. [PMID: 30086222 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterobactin (ENT) is a siderophore (iron-chelating compound) produced by Escherichia coli to gain access to iron, an indispensable nutrient for bacterial growth. ENT is used as an exosiderophore by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with transport of ferri-ENT across the outer membrane by the PfeA transporter. Next to the pfeA gene on the chromosome is localized a gene encoding for an esterase, PfeE, whose transcription is regulated, as for pfeA, by the presence of ENT in bacterial environment. Purified PfeE hydrolyzed ferri-ENT into three molecules of 2,3-DHBS (2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine) still complexed with ferric iron, and complete dissociation of iron from ENT chelating groups was only possible in the presence of both PfeE and an iron reducer, such as DTT. The crystal structure of PfeE and an inactive PfeE mutant complexed with ferri-ENT or a nonhydrolyzable ferri-catechol complex allowed identification of the enzyme binding site and the catalytic triad. Finally, cell fractionation and fluorescence microscopy showed periplasmic localization of PfeE in P. aeruginosa cells. Thus, the molecular mechanism of iron dissociation from ENT in P. aeruginosa differs from that previously described in E. coli. In P. aeruginosa, siderophore hydrolysis occurs in the periplasm, with ENT never reaching the bacterial cytoplasm. In E. coli, ferri-ENT crosses the inner membrane via the ABC transporter FepBCD and ferri-ENT is hydrolyzed by the esterase Fes only once it is in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Perraud
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gasser
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Godet
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëtan. L. A. Mislin
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - James H. Naismith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle J. Schalk
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, F-67413 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
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Synthesis, iron(III) complexation properties, molecular dynamics simulations and P. aeruginosa siderophore-like activity of two pyoverdine analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:338-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Elancheziyan M, Manoj D, Saravanakumar D, Thenmozhi K, Senthilkumar S. Amperometric sensing of catechol using a glassy carbon electrode modified with ferrocene covalently immobilized on graphene oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Heinzl GA, Huang W, Yu W, Giardina BJ, Zhou Y, MacKerell AD, Wilks A, Xue F. Iminoguanidines as Allosteric Inhibitors of the Iron-Regulated Heme Oxygenase (HemO) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6929-42. [PMID: 27353344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic targets are required to combat multidrug resistant infections, such as the iron-regulated heme oxygenase (HemO) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to links between iron and virulence and dependence on heme as an iron source during infection. Herein we report the synthesis and activity of a series of iminoguanidine-based inhibitors of HemO. Compound 23 showed a binding affinity of 5.7 μM and an MIC50 of 52.3 μg/mL against P. aeruginosa PAO1. An in cellulo activity assay was developed by coupling HemO activity to a biliverdin-IXα-dependent infrared fluorescent protein, in which compound 23 showed an EC50 of 11.3 μM. The compounds showed increased activity against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, further confirming the target pathway. This class of inhibitors acts by binding to an allosteric site; the novel binding site is proposed in silico and supported by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR as well as by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Heinzl
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Wenbo Yu
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Bennett J Giardina
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yue Zhou
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Angela Wilks
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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13
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Paulen A, Gasser V, Hoegy F, Perraud Q, Pesset B, Schalk IJ, Mislin GLA. Synthesis and antibiotic activity of oxazolidinone-catechol conjugates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:11567-79. [PMID: 26509593 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for severe infections in which resistance to most of the approved families of antibiotics is increasing. Oxazolidinone antibiotics are active against many Gram-positive bacteria, but are only weakly active against Gram-negative pathogens. We describe the synthesis of conjugates between a catechol moiety and oxazolidinone antibiotics. These conjugates were significantly more active against P. aeruginosa (218-1024 μM) than linezolid (MIC > 1024 μM), the reference molecule from the oxazolidinone family. Antibiotic activity was slightly higher in medium depleted of iron, suggesting the involvement of a bacterial iron uptake system in this biological activity. The bacterial iron uptake pathway involved in the transport is still to be addressed, but the present data excluded a contribution of the enterobactin transporter PfeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Paulen
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Véronique Gasser
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Quentin Perraud
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Bénédicte Pesset
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Equipe Transport Membranaire Bactérien, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Pole API, 300 boulevard Sébastien Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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14
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Gasser V, Baco E, Cunrath O, August PS, Perraud Q, Zill N, Schleberger C, Schmidt A, Paulen A, Bumann D, Mislin GLA, Schalk IJ. Catechol siderophores repress the pyochelin pathway and activate the enterobactin pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an opportunity for siderophore-antibiotic conjugates development. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:819-32. [PMID: 26718479 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that antibiotic vectorization by siderophores (iron chelators produced by bacteria) considerably increases the efficacy of such drugs. The siderophore serves as a vector: when the pathogen tries to take up iron via the siderophore, it also takes up the antibiotic. Catecholates are among the most common iron-chelating compounds used in synthetic siderophore-antibiotic conjugates. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and proteomic approaches, we showed that the presence of catecholate compounds in the medium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to strong activation of the transcription and expression of the outer membrane transporter PfeA, the ferri-enterobactin importer. Iron-55 uptake assays on bacteria with and without PfeA expression confirmed that catechol compounds imported iron into P. aeruginosa cells via PfeA. Uptake rates were between 0.3 × 10(3) and 2 × 10(3) Fe atoms/bacterium/min according to the used catechol siderophore in iron-restricted medium, and remained as high as 0.8 × 10(3) Fe atoms/bacterium/min for enterobactin, even in iron-rich medium. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and proteomic approaches showed that in parallel to this switching on of PfeA expression, a repression of the expression of pyochelin (PCH) pathway genes (PCH being one of the two siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa for iron acquisition) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Gasser
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Etienne Baco
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Olivier Cunrath
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Pamela Saint August
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Perraud
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Zill
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Alexander Schmidt
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Paulen
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Dirk Bumann
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Université de Strasbourg, ESBS, F-67413, Illkirch, France.,UMR 7242, CNRS, F-67413, Illkirch, France
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