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Li S, van der Ven LGJ, Garcia SJ, Esteves ACC. Healable Supracolloidal Nanocomposite Water-Borne Coatings. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:8830-8841. [PMID: 39144275 PMCID: PMC11320382 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Water-borne coatings often contain nanofillers to enhance their mechanical or optical properties. The aggregation of these fillers may, however, lead to undesired effects such as brittle and opaque coatings, reducing their performance and lifetime. By controlling the distribution and structural arrangement of the nanofillers in the coatings and inserting reversible chemical bonds, both the elasticity and strength of the coatings may be effectively improved, while healing properties, via the reversible chemistry, extend the coating's lifetime. Aqueous dispersions of polymer-core/silica-corona supracolloidal particles were used to prepare water-borne coatings. Polymer and silica nanoparticles were prefunctionalized with thiol/disulfide groups during the supracolloid assembly. Disulfide bridges were further established between a cross-linker and the supracolloids during drying and coating formation. The supracolloidal nanocomposite coatings were submitted to intentional (physical) damages, i.e., blunt and sharp surface scratches or cut through into two pieces, and subsequently UV irradiated to induce the recovery of the damage(s). The viscoelasticity and healing properties of the coatings were examined by dynamic, static, and surface mechanical analyses. The nanocomposite coatings showed a great extent of interfacial restoration of cut damage and surface scratches. The healing properties are strongly related to the coating's viscoelasticity and interfacial (re)activation of the disulfide bridges. Nanocomposite coatings with silica concentrations below their critical volume fraction show higher in situ healing efficiency, as compared to coatings with higher silica concentration. This work provides insights into the control of nanofillers distribution in water-borne coatings and strategies to increase the coating lifetime via mechanical damage recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert G. J. van der Ven
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Aerospace
Structures and Materials Department, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
| | - A. Catarina C. Esteves
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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2
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Liu J, Urban MW. Dynamic Interfaces in Self-Healable Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7268-7285. [PMID: 38395626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that interfaces play critical roles in biological and synthetic processes. Aside from significant practical applications, the most accessible and measurable quantity is interfacial tension, which represents a measure of the energy required to create or rejoin two surfaces. Owing to the fact that interfacial processes are critical in polymeric materials, this review outlines recent advances in dynamic interfacial processes involving physics and chemistry targeting self-healing. Entropic interfacial energies stored during damage participate in the recovery, and self-healing depends upon copolymer composition and monomer sequence, monomer molar ratios, molecular weight, and polymer dispersity. These properties ultimately impact chain flexibility, shape-memory recovery, and interfacial interactions. Self-healing is a localized process with global implications on mechanical and other properties. Selected examples driven by interfacial flow and shape memory effects are discussed in the context of covalent and supramolecular rebonding targeting self-healable materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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3
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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Silver Nanoparticle/Polyurethane Composite That Exhibits Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194172. [PMID: 36236120 PMCID: PMC9571720 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, we aim to produce a polyurethane (PU)-based composite that can reduce the amount of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus in contact with the surface of the polymeric film without further interventions such as manual cleaning. Current protocols for maintaining the hygiene of commonly used touchpoints (door handles, light switches, shop counters) typically rely on repeated washing with antimicrobial products. Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, frequent and costly surface sanitization by workers has become standard procedure in many public areas. Therefore, materials that can be retrofitted to touchpoints, yet inhibit pathogen growth for extended time periods are an important target. Herein, we design and synthesise the PU using a one-pot synthetic procedure on a multigram scale from commercial starting materials. The PU forms a robust composite thin film when loaded with 10 wt% silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The addition of AgNPs increases the ultimate tensile strength, modules of toughness and modulus of elasticity at the cost of a reduced elongation at break when compared to the pristine PU. Comparative biological testing was carried out by the addition of pseudotyped virus (PV) bearing the SARS-CoV-2 beta (B.1.351) VOC spike protein onto the film surfaces of either the pristine PU or the PU nanocomposite. After 24 h without further human intervention the nanocomposite reduced the amount of viable virus by 67% (p = 0.0012) compared to the pristine PU treated under the same conditions. The significance of this reduction in viable virus load caused by our nanocomposite is that PUs form the basis of many commercial paints and coatings. Therefore, we envisage that this work will provide the basis for further progress towards producing a retrofittable surface that can be applied to a wide variety of common touchpoints.
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Chen J, Wang L, Xu X, Liu G, Liu H, Qiao Y, Chen J, Cao S, Cha Q, Wang T. Self-Healing Materials-Based Electronic Skin: Mechanism, Development and Applications. Gels 2022; 8:356. [PMID: 35735699 PMCID: PMC9222937 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) has brought us great convenience and revolutionized our way of life. However, due to physical or chemical aging and damage, they will inevitably be degraded gradually with practical operation. The emergence of self-healing materials enables e-skins to achieve repairment of cracks and restoration of mechanical function by themselves, meeting the requirements of the era for building durable and self-healing electronic devices. This work reviews the current development of self-healing e-skins with various application scenarios, including motion sensor, human-machine interaction and soft robots. The new application fields and present challenges are discussed; meanwhile, thinkable strategies and prospects of future potential applications are conferenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xiangou Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Guming Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Yuxuan Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Honors College, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Siwei Cao
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Quanbin Cha
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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5
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O'Donnell A, Salimi S, Hart L, Babra T, Greenland B, Hayes W. Applications of supramolecular polymer networks. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Self-healing epoxy networks based on cyclodextrin–adamantane host–guest interactions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shim HJ, Sunwoo S, Kim Y, Koo JH, Kim D. Functionalized Elastomers for Intrinsically Soft and Biointegrated Electronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002105. [PMID: 33506654 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elastomers are suitable materials for constructing a conformal interface with soft and curvilinear biological tissue due to their intrinsically deformable mechanical properties. Intrinsically soft electronic devices whose mechanical properties are comparable to human tissue can be fabricated using suitably functionalized elastomers. This article reviews recent progress in functionalized elastomers and their application to intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics. Elastomers can be functionalized by adding appropriate fillers, either nanoscale materials or polymers. Conducting or semiconducting elastomers synthesized and/or processed with these materials can be applied to the fabrication of soft biointegrated electronic devices. For facile integration of soft electronics with the human body, additional functionalization strategies can be employed to improve adhesive or autonomous healing properties. Recently, device components for intrinsically soft and biointegrated electronics, including sensors, stimulators, power supply devices, displays, and transistors, have been developed. Herein, representative examples of these fully elastomeric device components are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlooks for the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Shim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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8
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Yoon S, Lee KJ, Park S, Kim T, Im SH, Ahn H, Son HJ. Development of a Healable Bulk Heterojunction Using Conjugated Donor Polymers Based on Thymine-Functionalized Side Chains. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Yoon
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Jun Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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9
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Xuan H, Tang X, Zhu Y, Ling J, Yang Y. Freestanding Hyaluronic Acid/Silk-Based Self-healing Coating toward Tissue Repair with Antibacterial Surface. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1628-1635. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xuan
- College of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Yanxi Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Jue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
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10
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Muroi R, Sugane K, Shibata M. Self-healing thiol-ene networks based on cyclodextrin-adamantane host-guest interactions. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Composite polyurethane adhesives that debond-on-demand by hysteresis heating in an oscillating magnetic field. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Salimi S, Hart L, Feula A, Hermida-Merino D, Touré A, Kabova E, Ruiz-Cantu L, Irvine D, Wildman R, Shankland K, Hayes W. Property enhancement of healable supramolecular polyurethanes. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Pyrene‐Linked Cyclodextrin and Adamantane‐Linked Naphthalene Diimide System: A Case of Inclusion‐Binding‐Assisted Charge‐Transfer Interaction. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athira Kanakkattussery Jeevan
- Photosciences and Photonics SectionChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Karical Raman Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics SectionChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
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14
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Zheng Z, Xia X, Zeng X, Li X, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhang L. Theoretical Model of Time-Temperature Superposition Principle of the Self-Healing Kinetics of Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800382. [PMID: 30073736 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The matrix-free polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) formed by polymer-grafted nanoparticles(NPs) gain enormous attention due to their controllable morphology and robust properties. Herein, through molecular dynamics simulation, such PNCs are successfully constructed, and the dispersion state of the NPs can be tailored by varying the grafting density. By manipulating the interaction strength between the end groups of the grafted polymer chains, the tensile fracture behavior and the chain orientation are examined. It is revealed that both of them fall down at large strain because of the propagation of the cavities. By probing the self-healing kinetics at various self-healing temperature and time, a time-temperature superposition principle, similar to the Williams, Landel and Ferry equation, is proposed. These results could provide some fundamental guidelines for the design and fabrication of high performance PNCs with excellent self-healing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiuyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianxiang Zeng
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology at Nanning, Fusui, 532100, China
| | - Youping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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15
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Hu Z, Zhang D, Lu F, Yuan W, Xu X, Zhang Q, Liu H, Shao Q, Guo Z, Huang Y. Multistimuli-Responsive Intrinsic Self-Healing Epoxy Resin Constructed by Host–Guest Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dayu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xirong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Qian Shao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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16
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Reorganizable and stimuli-responsive polymers based on dynamic carbon–carbon linkages in diarylbibenzofuranones. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Amaral AJR, Emamzadeh M, Pasparakis G. Transiently malleable multi-healable hydrogel nanocomposites based on responsive boronic acid copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic multi-responsive gel nanocomposites with rapid self-healing and cell encapsulation properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Emamzadeh
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- University College London
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
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18
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Gao W, Bie M, Liu F, Chang P, Quan Y. Self-Healable and Reprocessable Polysulfide Sealants Prepared from Liquid Polysulfide Oligomer and Epoxy Resin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15798-15808. [PMID: 28417630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysulfide sealants have been commercially applied in many industrial fields. In this article, we study the self-healing property of the epoxy resin-cured polysulfide sealants for the first time. The obtained sealants showed a flexible range of ultimate elongation of 157-478% and a tensile strength of 1.02-0.75 MPa corresponding to different polysulfide oligomers. By taking advantage of the dynamic reversible exchange of disulfide bonds, polysulfide sealants exhibited good self-healing ability under a moderate thermal stimulus. A higher molecular weight and a lower degree of cross-linking of polysulfide oligomer were helpful in improving the ultimate elongation and healing efficiency of the polysulfide sealants. After subjecting to a temperature of 75 °C for 60 min, both the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of a fully cut sample, LP55-F, were restored to 91% of the original values, without affecting the sealing property. Furthermore, the sample exhibited excellent reshaping and reprocessing abilities. These outcomes offer a paradigm toward sustainable industrial applications of the polysulfide-based sealants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Bie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengshan Chang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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An SY, Noh SM, Oh JK. Multiblock Copolymer-Based Dual Dynamic Disulfide and Supramolecular Crosslinked Self-Healing Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Young An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Concordia University; Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT); Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Concordia University; Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
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20
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Shen MJ, Liang TL, Song YQ, Xu LJ, Hao X, Gong HY. Substrate-induced adjustment of “slipped” π– π stacking: en route to obtain 1D sandwich chain and higher order self-assembly supramolecular structures in solid state. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2016.1161196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Ling Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qiang Song
- Department of Information Engineering, Qingdao Harbour Vacational & Technical College, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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21
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Amaral AJR, Pasparakis G. Stimuli responsive self-healing polymers: gels, elastomers and membranes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of responsive polymers with self-healing properties has expanded significantly which allow for the fabrication of complex materials in a highly controllable manner, for diverse uses in biomaterials science, electronics, sensors and actuators and coating technologies.
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22
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Jung S, Kim SY, Kim JC, Noh SM, Oh JK. Ambient temperature induced Diels–Alder crosslinked networks based on controlled methacrylate copolymers for enhanced thermoreversibility and self-healability. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective thermoreversible crosslinked network fabricated at ambient temperature from a new, controlled methacrylate copolymer having reactive maleimide pendants and a trifunctional furan (TFu) exhibiting effective self-healability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Concordia University
- Montreal
- Canada H4B 1R6
| | - So Young Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan 44412
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan 44412
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan 44412
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Concordia University
- Montreal
- Canada H4B 1R6
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23
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You Y, Huang W, Zhang A, Lin Y. A facile and controllable synthesis of dual-crosslinked elastomers based on linear bifunctional polydimethylsiloxane oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- College of Material Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510641 China
| | - Weiyan Huang
- College of Material Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510641 China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510641 China
| | - Yaling Lin
- College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
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24
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25
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26
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Feula A, Pethybridge A, Giannakopoulos I, Tang X, Chippindale A, Siviour CR, Buckley CP, Hamley IW, Hayes W. A Thermoreversible Supramolecular Polyurethane with Excellent Healing Ability at 45 °C. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Feula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | | | | | - Xuegang Tang
- Department
of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - Ann Chippindale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Clive R. Siviour
- Department
of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - C. Paul Buckley
- Department
of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
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27
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Imato K, Takahara A, Otsuka H. Self-Healing of a Cross-Linked Polymer with Dynamic Covalent Linkages at Mild Temperature and Evaluation at Macroscopic and Molecular Levels. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Imato
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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28
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Perylene as an electron-rich moiety in healable, complementary π–π stacked, supramolecular polymer systems. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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30
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31
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Zhu B, Jasinski N, Benitez A, Noack M, Park D, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Walther A. Hierarchical Nacre Mimetics with Synergistic Mechanical Properties by Control of Molecular Interactions in Self-Healing Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8653-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Zhu B, Jasinski N, Benitez A, Noack M, Park D, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Walther A. Hierarchical Nacre Mimetics with Synergistic Mechanical Properties by Control of Molecular Interactions in Self-Healing Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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An SY, Noh SM, Nam JH, Oh JK. Dual Sulfide-Disulfide Crosslinked Networks with Rapid and Room Temperature Self-Healability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1255-60. [PMID: 25959750 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based crosslinked networks with intrinsic self-repairing ability have emerged due to their built-in ability to repair physical damages. Here, novel dual sulfide-disulfide crosslinked networks (s-ssPxNs) are reported exhibiting rapid and room temperature self-healability within seconds to minutes, with no extra healing agents and no change under any environmental conditions. The method to synthesize these self-healable networks utilizes a combination of well-known crosslinking chemistry: photoinduced thiol-ene click-type radical addition, generating lightly sulfide-crosslinked polysulfide-based networks with excess thiols, and their oxidation, creating dynamic disulfide crosslinkages to yield the dual s-ssPxNs. The resulting s-ssPxN networks show rapid self-healing within 30 s to 30 min at room temperature, as well as self-healing elasticity with reversible viscoelastic properties. These results, combined with tunable self-healing kinetics, demonstrate the versatility of the method as a new means to synthesize smart multifunctional polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 681-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Nam
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 681-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6
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34
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Hart LR, Harries JL, Greenland BW, Colquhoun HM, Hayes W. Supramolecular approach to new inkjet printing inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8906-14. [PMID: 25839743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electronically complementary, low molecular weight polymers that self-assemble through tunable π-π stacking interactions to form extended supramolecular polymer networks have been developed for inkjet printing applications and successfully deposited using three different printing techniques. Sequential overprinting of the complementary components results in supramolecular network formation through complexation of π-electron rich pyrenyl or perylenyl chain-ends in one component with π-electron deficient naphthalene diimide residues in a chain-folding polyimide. The complementary π-π stacked polymer blends generate strongly colored materials as a result of charge-transfer absorption bands in the visible spectrum, potentially negating the need for pigments or dyes in the ink formulation. Indeed, the final color of the deposited material can be tailored by varying the end-groups of the π-electron rich polymer component. Piezoelectric printing techniques were employed in a proof of concept study to allow characterization of the materials deposited, and a thermal inkjet printer adapted with imaging software enabled in situ analysis of the ink drops as they formed and of their physical properties. Finally, continuous inkjet printing allowed greater volumes of material to be deposited, on a variety of different substrate surfaces, and demonstrated the utility and versatility of this novel type of ink for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Hart
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | | | - Barnaby W Greenland
- §The Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Wayne Hayes
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
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35
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Li J, Su Z, Xu H, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang X. Supramolecular Networks of Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine) (hPEA) Nanogel/Chitosan (CS) for the Selective Adsorption and Separation of Guest Molecules. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502607p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers Based on Supramolecular Interactions: State of the Art and Future Directions. SELF-HEALING MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Kar GP, Biswas S, Bose S. Tailoring the interface of an immiscible polymer blend by a mutually miscible homopolymer grafted onto graphene oxide: outstanding mechanical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1811-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique strategy was adopted here to improve the compatibility between the components of an immiscible polymer blend and strengthen the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Prasanna Kar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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38
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An SY, Arunbabu D, Noh SM, Song YK, Oh JK. Recent strategies to develop self-healable crosslinked polymeric networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous self-healable crosslinked materials designed with built-in ability to repair physical damage and cracks can prevent catastrophic failure and thus extend the lifetime of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Centre for NanoScience Research
- Concordia University
- Montreal
- Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Dhamodaran Arunbabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Centre for NanoScience Research
- Concordia University
- Montreal
- Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan 681-310
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Song
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Ulsan 681-310
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Centre for NanoScience Research
- Concordia University
- Montreal
- Canada H4B 1R6
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39
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Vaiyapuri R, Greenland BW, Colquhoun HM, Elliott JM, Hayes W. Evolution of supramolecular healable composites: a minireview. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Vaiyapuri
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Barnaby W Greenland
- Reading School of Pharmacy; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Joanne M Elliott
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
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40
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Hart LR, Hunter JH, Nguyen NA, Harries JL, Greenland BW, Mackay ME, Colquhoun HM, Hayes W. Multivalency in healable supramolecular polymers: the effect of supramolecular cross-link density on the mechanical properties and healing of non-covalent polymer networks. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of healable supramolecular polymer blends correlate to non-covalent “crosslink density”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R. Hart
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading, UK
| | | | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
| | | | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading, UK
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