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Dashti A, Ahmadi M. Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300746. [PMID: 38488683 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long-chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post-reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst-centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single-site catalysts-metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts-amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dashti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Dashti A, Ahmadi M, Haddadi-Asl V, Ahmadjo S, Mortazavi SMM. Tandem coordinative chain transfer polymerization for long chain branched Polyethylene: The role of chain displacement. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Santoro O, Piola L, Mc Cabe K, Lhost O, Den Dauw K, Fernandez A, Welle A, Maron L, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Comonomer-Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched (LCB)-Polyethylene. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Nifant'ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Sadrtdinova GI, Komarov PD, Minyaev ME, Ilyin SO, Kiselev AV, Samurganova TI, Ivchenko PV. Synthesis, molecular structure and catalytic performance of heterocycle-fused cyclopentadienyl-amido CGC of Ti (IV) in ethylene (co)polymerization: The formation and precision rheometry of long-chain branched polyethylenes. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Mechanistic study on the metallocene-based tandem catalytic coordinative chain transfer polymerization for the synthesis of highly branched polyolefins. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Qin Y, Dong JY. Assessing 1,9-Decadiene/Propylene Copolymerization with Ziegler-Natta Catalysts to Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Eselem Bungu P, Pflug K, Pasch H. Selectivity of Thermal Analysis in the Branching Analysis of Low Density Polyethylene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- PaulSeverin Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch PO Box X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Kristina Pflug
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryUniversität Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg 20146 Germany
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch PO Box X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
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8
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Dernbach M, Kirsch J, Busch M. Modeling Rheological Properties of HDPE Based on Polymerization Kinetics. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dernbach
- TU Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institut Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Julian Kirsch
- TU Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institut Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Busch
- TU Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institut Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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9
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Lee HJ, Baek JW, Kim TJ, Park HS, Moon SH, Park KL, Bae SM, Park J, Lee BY. Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins by Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Zhang K, Liu P, Wang WJ, Li BG, Liu W, Zhu S. Preparation of Comb-Shaped Polyolefin Elastomers Having Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymer Backbone and Long Chain Polyethylene Branches via a Tandem Metallocene Catalyst System. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310027
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China 510640
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518172
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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11
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Mahmood Q, Sun WH. N, N-chelated nickel catalysts for highly branched polyolefin elastomers: a survey. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180367. [PMID: 30109091 PMCID: PMC6083730 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties and end applications of polyolefin materials are defined by their chain architectures and topologies. These properties can, in part, be controlled by a judicious choice of the steric and electronic properties of the catalyst and, in particular, the ligand framework. One major achievement in this field is the discovery of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers that combine the processing and recyclable characteristics of thermoplastics with the flexibility and ductility of elastomers. These polymers are highly sought after as alternative materials to thermoset elastomers. In this perspective, works in the literature related to the development of nickel catalysts as well as their implementations for the synthesis of polyolefin elastomers are summarized in detail. Throughout the perspective, attention has been focused on developing the relationship between catalyst structure and performance, on strategies for the synthesis of polyolefin elastomer using nickel catalysts, on properties of the resultant polyolefin, such as degree of branching and crystallinity, as well as on their effects on mechanical properties. The future perspective regarding the most recent developments in single-step production of polyethylene elastomers will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Eselem Bungu PS, Pasch H. Branching and molar mass analysis of low density polyethylene using the multiple preparative fractionation concept. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02076g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiple preparative fractionation concept provides sample libraries with different degrees of branching and different molar masses that are analyzed regarding the LDPE microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - H. Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Stellenbosch
- South Africa
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13
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Eselem Bungu PS, Pflug K, Pasch H. Combination of preparative and two-dimensional chromatographic fractionation with thermal analysis for the branching analysis of polyethylene. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple preparative fractionation of LDPE provides molar mass and branching fractions that are analyzed regarding their thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
| | - Kristina Pflug
- Technical Chemistry III
- Technical University Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
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14
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Ahmadi M, Rezaei F, Mortazavi SMM, Entezam M, Stadler FJ. Complex interplay of short- and long-chain branching on thermal and rheological properties of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers made by metallocene catalysts with oscillating ligand structure. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Primitive structure and its morphology for describing highly branched structure of low-density polyethylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Liu P, Liu W, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. A Comprehensive Review on Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins: Part 1, Single Catalyst Systems. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
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17
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Stadler FJ, Chun YS, Han JH, Lee E, Park SH, Yang CB, Choi C. Deriving comprehensive structural information on long-chain branched polyethylenes from analysis of thermo-rheological complexity. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Goldansaz H, Goharpey F, Afshar-Taromi F, Kim I, Stadler FJ, van Ruymbeke E, Karimkhani V. Anomalous Rheological Behavior of Dendritic Nanoparticle/Linear Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Goldansaz
- Institut
de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN),
Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fatemeh Goharpey
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Afshar-Taromi
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Il Kim
- BK21
PLUS Centre for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Nanshan District
Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Engineering
Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Evelyne van Ruymbeke
- Institut
de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN),
Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vahid Karimkhani
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- BK21
PLUS Centre for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Fan L, Yue E, Du S, Guo CY, Hao X, Sun WH. Enhancing thermo-stability to ethylene polymerization: synthesis, characterization and the catalytic behavior of 1-(2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-chlorophenylimino)-2-aryliminoacenaphthylnickel halides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The title complexes exhibited high activities up to 1.09 × 107 g of PE/(mol of Ni per h) in ethylene polymerization with better thermo-stability activated with ethylaluminium sesquichloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
| | - Erlin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Shizhen Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Cun-Yue Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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Parvez MA, Rahaman M, Soares JBP, Hussein IA, Suleiman MA. Effect of long chain branching on the properties of polyethylene synthesized via metallocene catalysis. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041466004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Leone G, Mauri M, Losio S, Bertini F, Ricci G, Porri L. Copolymerization of ethylene with α-olefins and cyclic olefins catalyzed by a Ti(iv) diisopropoxy complex bearing a tridentate [O−,S,O−]-type bis(phenolato) ligand. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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