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Lubura J, Kočková O, Strachota B, Bera O, Pavlova E, Pavličević J, Ikonić B, Kojić P, Strachota A. Natural Rubber Composites Using Hydrothermally Carbonized Hardwood Waste Biomass as a Partial Reinforcing Filler-Part II: Mechanical, Thermal and Ageing (Chemical) Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102397. [PMID: 37242972 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber composites were reinforced by the co-fillers 'hydrochar' (HC), obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of hardwood sawdust and commercial carbon black (CB). The content of the combined fillers was kept constant while their ratio was varied. The aim was to test the suitability of HC as a partial filler in natural rubber. Due to its larger particle size and hence smaller specific surface area, large amounts of HC reduced the crosslinking density in the composites. On the other hand, due to its unsaturated organic character, HC was found to display interesting chemical effects: if it was used as the exclusive filler component, it displayed a very strong anti-oxidizing effect, which greatly stabilized the rubber composite against oxidative crosslinking (and hence embrittlement). HC also affected the vulcanization kinetics in different ways, depending on the HC/CB ratio. Composites with HC/CB ratios 20/30 and 10/40 displayed interesting chemical stabilization in combination with fairly good mechanical properties. The performed analyses included vulcanization kinetics, tensile properties, determination of density of permanent and reversible crosslinking in dry and swollen states, chemical stability tests including TGA, thermo-oxidative aging tests in air at 180 °C, simulated weathering in real use conditions ('Florida test'), and thermo-mechanical analyses of degraded samples. Generally, the results indicate that HC could be a promising filler material due to its specific reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lubura
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olga Kočková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Bera
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Pavličević
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Ikonić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Predrag Kojić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Adam Strachota
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, CZ-162 00 Praha, Czech Republic
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Xia L, Tao A, Cui J, Sun A, Kan Z, Liu S. ESBR Nanocomposites Filled with Monodisperse Silica Modified with Si747: The Effects of Amount and pH on Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040981. [PMID: 36850266 PMCID: PMC9966922 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To prepare silica/rubber composites for low roll resistance tires, a novel strategy was proposed in this study, in which autonomous monodisperse silica (AS) was prepared and modified using 3-mercaptopropyloxy-methoxyl-bis(nonane-pentaethoxy) siloxane (Si747), after which silica/emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) master batches were produced using the latex compounding technique. Meanwhile, the commercial precipitated silica (PS) was introduced as a control. In this study, the effects of amount of Si747 and pH value on the properties of the silica/ESBR composites were systematically analyzed. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that Si747 reduced the silanol group by chemical grafting and physical shielding, and the optimum amounts of Si747 for AS and PS modification were confirmed to be 15% and 20%, respectively. Under a pH of 9, ESBR/modified AS (MAS) composites with 15% Si747 presented better silica dispersion and a weaker Payne effect, compared with ESBR/modified PS (MPS) composites with 20% Si747. Meanwhile, in terms of dynamic properties, the ESBR/MAS composites exhibited a better balance of lower rolling resistance and higher wet skid resistance than the ESBR/MPS composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings, Marine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266072, China
| | - Anmin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Abin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ze Kan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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3
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Chang T, Bian H, Xiao Y, Xue J, Wang C. Investigation on in situ silica dispersed in natural rubber latex matrix combined with spray sputtering technology. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, different processes are performed for the preparation of natural rubber latex (NRL)/silica composites. A novel approach is to use spray sputtering technology combined with in situ method to improve the dispersion of silica in rubber latex matrix and further improve the properties of vulcanizates. Results show that in situ silica in rubber matrix prepared from NH4Cl and Na2SiO3 has better Payen effect than other processes. Meanwhile, when the in situ silica reached 10 phr in the rubber matrix, the dosage can suitably match the dispersion capacity of the spray sputtering process with superior comprehensive mechanical properties. Compared with the traditional precipitation method, the tensile strength and tear strength of the silica/NR composites prepared by spray sputtering technology combined with in situ method were increased by 34.7% and 19.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Chang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
| | - Huiguang Bian
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
| | - Junxiu Xue
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
| | - Chuansheng Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266061 , China
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Roy K, Debnath SC, Basu D, Pongwisuthiruchte A, Potiyaraj P. EMERGING ADVANCES IN RUBBER TECHNOLOGY BY THE SUITABLE APPLICATION OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the application of sol-gel science to industrial polymer research has offered advancements in rubber technology. The use of sol-gel–synthesized materials for the development of highly reinforced rubber composites is the most commonly adopted and popular method exercised by rubber scientists. This article comprehensively reviews the recent progress regarding preparation and properties of sol-gel–synthesized nanoparticles-based rubber composites. The pragmatic consequences of sol-gel–synthesized nanoparticles in rubber compounds are systematically described through rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. Emphatic focus is given to understanding the reinforcement mechanism of rubber composites by the use of sol-gel–derived alkoxide silica as filler. The properties of rubber nanocomposites are usually dependent on the dispersion of sol-gel–synthesized nanoparticles into the rubber matrix. The results reviewed from prolific studies suggested that sol-gel science has tremendous potential to develop high performance rubber nanocomposites for future industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarjyoti Roy
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | | | - Debdipta Basu
- Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane, Maharashtra 400604 India
| | - Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pranut Potiyaraj
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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5
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Silica nanoparticles reinforced natural rubber latex composites: The effects of silica dimension and polydispersity on performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Yao B, Xia L, Wang H, Kan Z. The effects of natural astaxanthin‐modified silica on properties of natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2018:47287. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin‐bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 Shandong China
| | - Li‐jian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 Shandong China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 Shandong China
| | - Ze Kan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education DepartmentSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 Shandong China
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7
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D'Arienzo M, Diré S, Redaelli M, Borovin E, Callone E, Di Credico B, Morazzoni F, Pegoretti A, Scotti R. Unveiling the hybrid interface in polymer nanocomposites enclosing silsesquioxanes with tunable molecular structure: Spectroscopic, thermal and mechanical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 512:609-617. [PMID: 29101902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic nanobuilding blocks (NBBs) based on silsesquioxanes (SSQs) have potential applications as nanofillers, thermal stabilizers, and rheological modifiers, which can improve thermomechanical properties of polymer hosts. The possibility to tune both siloxane structure and pendant groups can promote compatibilization and peculiar interactions with a plethora of polymers. However, the control on SSQs molecular architecture and functionalities is usually delicate and requires careful synthetic details. Moreover, investigating the influence of NBBs loading and structure on the hybrid interface and, in turn, on the polymer chains mobility and mechanical properties, may be challenging, especially for low-loaded materials. Herein, we describe the preparation and characterization of polybutadiene (PB) nanocomposites using as innovative fillers thiol-functionalized SSQs nanobuilding blocks (SH-NBBs), with both tailorable functionality and structure. Swelling experiments and, more clearly, solid-state NMR, enlightened a remarkable effect of SH-NBBs on the molecular structure and mobility of the polymeric chains, envisaging the occurrence of chemical interactions at the hybrid interface. Finally, thermal and DMTA analyses revealed that nanocomposites, even containing very low filler loadings (i.e. 1, 3 wt%), exhibited enhanced thermomechanical properties, which seem to be connected not only to the loading, but also to the peculiar cage or ladder-like architecture of SH-NBBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano D'Arienzo
- Dept. of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sandra Diré
- Dept. Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; "Klaus Müller" Magnetic Resonance Lab., DII, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Matteo Redaelli
- Dept. of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Evgeny Borovin
- Dept. Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Callone
- Dept. Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; "Klaus Müller" Magnetic Resonance Lab., DII, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Credico
- Dept. of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Franca Morazzoni
- Dept. of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Dept. Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Scotti
- Dept. of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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8
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Thermal decomposition kinetics and mechanism of low-temperature hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites with sodium methacrylate. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-6148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Kapgate BP, Das C, Das A, Basu D, Wiessner S, Reuter U, Heinrich G. Reinforced chloroprene rubber byin situgenerated silica particles: Evidence of bound rubber on the silica surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P. Kapgate
- Department of Chemistry; Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology; Nagpur India
| | - Chayan Das
- Department of Chemistry; Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology; Nagpur India
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Dresden Germany
- Tampere University of Technology; Tampere Finland
| | - Debdipta Basu
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Dresden Germany
| | - Sven Wiessner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut Für Werkstoffwissenschaft; Dresden Germany
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Dresden Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut Für Werkstoffwissenschaft; Dresden Germany
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10
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Zhang J, Liu M, Wang S. Improved mechanical properties and thermal degradation of low-temperature hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites with poly(sodium methacrylate) nanowires. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex phase structures including a lot of poly(sodium methacrylate) nanowires improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of LTG-HNBR composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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11
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Pang J, Li L, Wang S, Liu M. Improved understanding on the reinforcement of low-temperature hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites by in situ polymerization of unsaturated metal methacrylate: influences of salt cation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and chemical structure of poly(UMM) and the solubility of UMM induced by its cations have a remarkable impact on reinforcement of rubber matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Pang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology
- Beijing 100076
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology
- Beijing 100076
- P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
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12
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Tadiello L, D'Arienzo M, Di Credico B, Hanel T, Matejka L, Mauri M, Morazzoni F, Simonutti R, Spirkova M, Scotti R. The filler-rubber interface in styrene butadiene nanocomposites with anisotropic silica particles: morphology and dynamic properties. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4022-4033. [PMID: 25899456 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silica-styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared by using shape-controlled spherical and rod-like silica nanoparticles (NPs) with different aspect ratios (AR = 1-5), obtained by a sol-gel route assisted by a structure directing agent. The nanocomposites were used as models to study the influence of the particle shape on the formation of nanoscale immobilized rubber at the silica-rubber interface and its effect on the dynamic-mechanical behavior. TEM and AFM tapping mode analyses of nanocomposites demonstrated that the silica particles are surrounded by a rubber layer immobilized at the particle surface. The spherical filler showed small contact zones between neighboring particles in contact with thin rubber layers, while anisotropic particles (AR > 2) formed domains of rods preferentially aligned along the main axis. A detailed analysis of the polymer chain mobility by different time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) techniques evidenced a population of rigid rubber chains surrounding particles, whose amount increases with the particle anisotropy, even in the absence of significant differences in terms of chemical crosslinking. Dynamic measurements demonstrate that rod-like particles induce stronger reinforcement of rubber, increasing with the AR. This was related to the self-alignment of the anisotropic silica particles in domains able to immobilize rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tadiello
- Dip. Scienze dei Materiali, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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13
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Duncan B, Landis RF, Jerri HA, Normand V, Benczédi D, Ouali L, Rotello VM. Hybrid organic-inorganic colloidal composite 'sponges' via internal crosslinking. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1302-1309. [PMID: 25381874 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for the generation of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite microparticles featuring controlled size and high structural stability is presented. In this process, an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion is formed using hydrophilic amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Covalent modification using a hydrophobic maleic anhydride copolymer then alters nanoparticle wettability during crosslinking, causing a core-shell to nanocomposite structural reorganization of the assemblies. The resulting porous nanocomposites maintain discrete microparticle structures and retain payloads in their oil phase even when incubated in competitive solvents such as ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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14
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Guo H, Hu W, Guo W, Zou R. Constitutive modeling of the viscoelastic mechanical response of foam rubber-like materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic mechanical behavior of foam rubber-like materials under large deformation is studied using thermodynamic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- School of Aeronautics
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Institute of Structure Mechanics
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Weiguo Guo
- School of Aeronautics
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ruilu Zou
- School of Aeronautics
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
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15
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Bansod ND, Kapgate BP, Das C, Basu D, Debnath SC, Roy K, Wiessner S. Controlled growth of in situ silica in a NR/CR blend by a solution sol–gel method and the studies of its composite properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled loading of in situ silica in NR/CR blend by solution sol–gel method for enhancing the reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh D. Bansod
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Bharat P. Kapgate
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Chayan Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Debdipta Basu
- Department of Elastomers
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden
- Germany
| | | | | | - Sven Wiessner
- Department of Elastomers
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
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16
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Kaewsakul W, Sahakaro K, Dierkes WK, Noordermeer JW. Mechanistic aspects of silane coupling agents with different functionalities on reinforcement of silica-filled natural rubber compounds. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wisut Kaewsakul
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science; Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University; Pattani 94000 Thailand
- Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering; University of Twente; P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Kannika Sahakaro
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science; Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University; Pattani 94000 Thailand
| | - Wilma K. Dierkes
- Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering; University of Twente; P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Jacques W.M. Noordermeer
- Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering; University of Twente; P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede The Netherlands
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17
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Wahba L, D'Arienzo M, Dirè S, Donetti R, Hanel T, Morazzoni F, Niederberger M, Santo N, Tadiello L, Scotti R. A novel non-aqueous sol-gel route for the in situ synthesis of high loaded silica-rubber nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2234-2244. [PMID: 24651692 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51813b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silica-natural rubber nanocomposites were obtained through a novel non-aqueous in situ sol-gel synthesis, producing the amount of water necessary to induce the hydrolysis and condensation of a tetraethoxysilane precursor by esterification of formic acid with ethanol. The method allows the synthesis of low hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with ethoxy groups linked to the silica surface which enable the filler to be more dispersible in the hydrophobic rubber. Thus, high loaded silica composites (75 phr, parts per hundred rubber) were obtained without using any coupling agent. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the silica nanoparticles are surrounded by rubber layers, which lower the direct interparticle contact in the filler-filler interaction. At the lowest silica loading (up to 30 phr) silica particles are isolated in rubber and only at a large amount of filler (>60 phr) the interparticle distances decrease and a continuous percolative network, connected by thin polymer films, forms throughout the matrix. The dynamic-mechanical properties confirm that the strong reinforcement of the rubber composites is related to the network formation at high loading. Both the improvement of the particle dispersion and the enhancement of the silica loading are peculiar to the non-aqueous synthesis approach, making the method potentially interesting for the production of high-loaded silica-polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wahba
- Dip. Scienze dei Materiali, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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Scotti R, Conzatti L, D'Arienzo M, Di Credico B, Giannini L, Hanel T, Stagnaro P, Susanna A, Tadiello L, Morazzoni F. Shape controlled spherical (0D) and rod-like (1D) silica nanoparticles in silica/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites: Role of the particle morphology on the filler reinforcing effect. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kapgate BP, Das C, Basu D, Das A, Heinrich G, Reuter U. Effect of silane integrated sol-gel derivedin situsilica on the properties of nitrile rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P. Kapgate
- Department of Chemistry; Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology; Nagpur 440010 India
| | - Chayan Das
- Department of Chemistry; Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology; Nagpur 440010 India
| | - Debdipta Basu
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; D-01069 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft; D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; D-01069 Dresden Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft; D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; D-01069 Dresden Germany
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Kapgate BP, Das C. Reinforcing efficiency and compatibilizing effect of sol–gel derived in situ silica for natural rubber/chloroprene rubber blends. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong CR/in situ silica interaction causes filler accumulation at the interphase and enhances the compatibility and reinforcement in the NR/CR blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P. Kapgate
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur, India-440010
| | - Chayan Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur, India-440010
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Zhang Z, Zhang M, Wang Y, Tan Q, Lv X, Zhong Z, Li H, Su F. Amorphous silicon-carbon nanospheres synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using cheap methyltrichlorosilane as improved anode materials for Li-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5384-5389. [PMID: 23652614 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00635b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of amorphous silicon-carbon (Si-C) nanospheres as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. These nanospheres were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition at 900 °C using methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3) as both the Si and C precursor, which is a cheap byproduct in the organosilane industry. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the synthesized Si-C nanospheres composed of amorphous C (about 60 wt%) and Si (about 40 wt%) had a diameter of 400-600 nm and a surface area of 43.8 m(2) g(-1). Their charge capacities were 483.6, 331.7, 298.6, 180.6, and 344.2 mA h g(-1) at 50, 200, 500, 1000, and 50 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles, higher than that of the commercial graphite anode. The Si-C amorphous structure could absorb a large volume change of Si during Li insertion and extraction reactions and hinder the cracking or crumbling of the electrode, thus resulting in the improved reversible capacity and cycling stability. The work opens a new way to fabricate low cost Si-C anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
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