1
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Wittwer B, Heim F, Wurst K, Hohloch S. A bridging bis-phosphanido-phosphinidene complex of lanthanum supported by a sterically encumbering PN ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7299-7302. [PMID: 38842222 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of a bulky anilidophosphine ligand (short PNTerph) and its lanthanum complexes 1 and 3 is reported. When exposed to KPHMes, both complexes form the first example of a bis-phosphanido-phosphinidene complex 2. This complex undergoes Phospha-Wittig type reactions and its reactivity towards strong bases is further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wittwer
- University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - F Heim
- University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - K Wurst
- University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - S Hohloch
- University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Schädle D, Litlabø R, Meermann-Zimmermann M, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-Earth-Metal Methyl and Methylidene Complexes Stabilized by Tp R,R'-Scorpionato Ligands─Size Matters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9624-9637. [PMID: 38407062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Homoleptic tetramethylaluminates Ln(AlMe4)3 react with KTptBu,Me (TptBu,Me = tris(3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolyl)borato) to yield rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd). The lanthanum reaction is prone to additional C-H- and B-N-bond activation, affording coproducts La[HB(pzMe,tBu)(pzCMe2,Me)2][(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 and [La(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (pztBu,Me = 3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolato). The protonolysis reaction of Ln(AlMe4)3 and HpztBu,Me provides more efficient access to [Ln(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (Ln = La, Nd). Treatment of Ln(AlMe4)3 with KTpMe,Me led to methylidene complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) or bis(tetramethylaluminate) complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(AlMe4)2 (Ln = Y, Lu). The neodymium reaction generated methine derivative (TpMe,Me)Nd[(μ4-CH)(AlMe2)2(μ-pz,Me,Me)][(μ-Me)AlMe2] as a minor coproduct. The reaction of Ln(GaMe4)3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Ho) with HTptBu,Me gave methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)GaMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and alkyl complexes (TptBu,Me)LnMe[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho), while competing B-N bond activation reactions produced GaMe2[BH(Me)(μ-pztBu,Me)2] and (TptBu,Me)Ln(η2-pztBu,Me)[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho). The steric impact of the TpR,Me ligands was examined by cone angle calculations. Rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)EMe2]2 (E = Al, Ga) successfully promote carbonyl methylenation reactions upon addition of ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie Meermann-Zimmermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Rieser TE, Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Terminal dysprosium and holmium organoimides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3562-3570. [PMID: 38455031 PMCID: PMC10915843 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal rare-earth-metal imide complexes TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) of the mid-late rare-earth elements dysprosium and holmium were synthesized via double methane elimination of Lewis acid stabilized dialkyl precursors TptBu,MeLnMe(GaMe4) with primary aniline derivative H2NC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2NAriPr). Exploiting the weaker Ln-CH3⋯[GaMe3] interaction compared to the aluminium congener, addition of the aniline derivative leads to the mixed methyl/anilido species TptBu,MeLnMe(HNAriPr) which readily eliminate methane after being exposed to the Lewis base DMAP ([double bond, length as m-dash]N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine). Under the same conditions, [AlMe3]-stabilized dimethyl rare-earth-metal complexes transform immediately to Lewis acid bridged imides TptBu,MeLn(μ2-NC6H3Me2-2,6)(μ2-Me)AlMe2 (Ln = Dy, Ho). DMAP/THF donor exchange is accomplished by treatment of TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) with 9-BBN in THF while the terminal imides readily insert carbon dioxide to afford carbamate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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4
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Du J, Cobb PJ, Ding J, Mills DP, Liddle ST. f-Element heavy pnictogen chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 15:13-45. [PMID: 38131077 PMCID: PMC10732230 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, e.g. amides, imides, and nitrides, has become well developed over many decades. In contrast, the corresponding f-element chemisty with the heavier pnictogen analogues phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth has remained significantly underdeveloped, due largely to a lack of suitable synthetic methodologies and also the inherent hard(f-element)-soft(heavier pnictogen) acid-base mismatch, but has begun to flourish in recent years. Here, we review complexes containing chemical bonds between the f-elements and heavy pnictogens from phosphorus to bismuth that spans five decades of endeavour. We focus on complexes whose identity has been unambiguously established by structural authentication by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with respect to their synthesis, characterisation, bonding, and reactivity, in order to provide a representative overview of this burgeoning area. By highlighting that much has been achieved but that there is still much to do this review aims to inspire, focus and guide future efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Junru Ding
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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5
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Rieser TE, Wetzel P, Maichle-Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Anwander R. A Terminal Yttrium Phosphinidene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17720-17733. [PMID: 37531590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Terminal, nondirectional ionic "multiple" bond interactions between group 15 elements and rare-earth metals (Ln) have remained a challenging target until present. Although reports on terminal imide species have accumulated in the meantime, examples of terminal congeners with the higher homologue phosphorus are yet elusive. Herein, we present the synthesis of the first terminal yttrium organophosphinidene complex, TptBu,MeY(═PC6H3iPr2-2,6)(DMAP)2, according to a double-deprotonation sequence previously established for organoimides of the smaller rare-earth metals. Subsequent deprotonation of the primary phosphane H2PC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2PAriPr) with discrete dimethyl compound TptBu,MeYMe2 in the presence of DMAP under simultaneous methane elimination generated a terminal multiply bonded phosphorus. The primary phosphide intermediates TptBu,MeYMe(HPAriPr) and TptBu,MeYMe(HNPAriPr)(DMAP) are isolable species and were also obtained and fully characterized for holmium and dysprosium. The Lewis acid-stabilized yttrium phosphinidene TptBu,MeY[(μ2-PAriPr)(μ2-Me)AlMe2] was obtained by treatment of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(AlMe4) but could not be converted into a terminal phosphinidene via cleavage of trimethylaluminum. The corresponding reaction of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(GaMe4) led to adduct [GaMe3(PH2AriPr)] rather than to the formation of a yttrium phosphinidene. The yttrium-phosphorus interaction in the obtained organophosphide and phosphinidene complexes was scrutinized by 31P/89Y NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, unambiguously supporting the existence of multiple bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wetzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Wilson HH, Yu X, Cheisson T, Smith PW, Pandey P, Carroll PJ, Minasian SG, Autschbach J, Schelter EJ. Synthesis and Characterization of a Bridging Cerium(IV) Nitride Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:781-786. [PMID: 36603174 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Complexes featuring lanthanide-ligand multiple bonds are rare and highly reactive. They are important synthetic targets to understand 4f/5d-bonding in comparison to d-block and actinide congeners. Herein, the isolation and characterization of a bridging cerium(IV)-nitride complex: [(TriNOx)Ce(Li2μ-N)Ce(TriNOx)][BArF4] is reported, the first example of a molecular cerium-nitride. The compound was isolated by deprotonating a monometallic cerium(IV)-ammonia complex: [CeIV(NH3)(TriNOx)][BArF4]. The average Ce═N bond length of [(TriNOx)Ce(Li2μ-N)Ce(TriNOx)][BArF4] was 2.117(3) Å. Vibrational studies of the 15N-isotopomer exhibited a shift of the Ce═N═Ce asymmetric stretch from ν = 644 cm-1 to 640 cm-1, and X-ray spectroscopic studies confirm the +4 oxidation state of cerium. Computational analyses showed strong involvement of the cerium 4f shell in bonding with overall 16% and 11% cerium weight in the σ- and π-bonds of the Ce═N═Ce fragment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Wilson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, 732 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pragati Pandey
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, 732 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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7
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Lanthanide Complexes Containing a Terminal Ln═O Oxo Bond: Revealing Higher Stability of Tetravalent Praseodymium versus Terbium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7075-7087. [PMID: 35476904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of gas-phase lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes, [Ln(O)(NO3)3]- (denoted LnO2+), produced via elimination of NO2• from trivalent [LnIII(NO3)4]- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy). These complexes feature a LnIII-O• oxyl, a LnIV═O oxo, or an intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. Hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV═O, versus TbIV═O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f- and/or 5d-orbital participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Rieser TE, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle D, Sirsch P, Litlabø R, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Open-Shell Early Lanthanide Terminal Imides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4102-4113. [PMID: 35212218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Group 3- and 4f-element organometallic chemistry and reactivity are decisively driven by the rare-earth-metal/lanthanide (Ln) ion size and associated electronegativity/ionicity/Lewis acidity criteria. For these reasons, the synthesis of terminal "unsupported" imides [Ln═NR] of the smaller, closed-shell Sc(III), Lu(III), Y(III), and increasingly covalent Ce(IV) has involved distinct reaction protocols while derivatives of the "early" large Ln(III) have remained elusive. Herein, we report such terminal imides of open-shell lanthanide cations Ce(III), Nd(III), and Sm(III) according to a new reaction protocol. Lewis-acid-stabilized methylidene complexes [TptBu,MeLn(μ3-CH2){(μ2-Me)MMe2}2] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm; M = Al, Ga) react with 2,6-diisopropylaniline (H2NAriPr) via methane elimination. The formation of arylimide complexes is governed by the Ln(III) size, the Lewis acidity of the group 13 metal alkyl, steric factors, the presence of a donor solvent, and the sterics and acidity (pKa) of the aromatic amine. Crucially, terminal arylimides [TptBu,MeLn(═NAriPr)(THF)2] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm) are formed only for M = Ga, and for M = Al, the Lewis-acid-stabilized imides [TptBu,MeLn(NAriPr)(AlMe3)] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm) are persistent. In stark contrast, the [GaMe3]-stabilized imide [TptBu,MeLn(NAriPr)(GaMe3)] (Ln = Nd, Sm) is reversibly formed in noncoordinating solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Wang ZL, Chen TT, Chen WJ, Li WL, Zhao J, Jiang XL, Li J, Wang LS, Hu HS. The smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic molecule of cyclo-PrB 2− with Pr–B multiple bonds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10082-10094. [PMID: 36128247 PMCID: PMC9430590 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of metalla-aromaticity proposed by Thorn–Hoffmann (Nouv. J. Chim. 1979, 3, 39) has been expanded to organometallic molecules of transition metals that have more than one independent electron-delocalized system. Lanthanides, with highly contracted 4f atomic orbitals, are rarely found in multiply aromatic systems. Here we report the discovery of a doubly aromatic triatomic lanthanide-boron molecule PrB2− based on a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical investigation. Global minimum structural searches reveal that PrB2− has a C2v triangular structure with a paramagnetic triplet 3B2 electronic ground state, which can be viewed as featuring a trivalent Pr(III,f2) and B24−. Chemical bonding analyses show that this cyclo-PrB2− species is the smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic system exhibiting σ and π double aromaticity and multiple Pr–B bonding characters. It also sheds light on the formation of the rare B24− tetraanion by the high-lying 5d orbitals of the 4f-elements, completing the isoelectronic B24−, C22−, N2, and O22+ series. We report the smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic molecule of PrB2− exhibiting σ and π double aromaticity and multiple Pr–B bond characters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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10
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Patrick EA, Yang Y, Piers WE, Maron L, Gelfand BS. A monoanionic pentadentate ligand platform for scandium-pnictogen multiple bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8640-8643. [PMID: 34369525 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new monoanionic pentadentate ligand is designed to accommodate Sc = E bonds (E = N, P). The imido complex is stable enough to isolate and characterize, and reacts rapidly with CO2. The phosphinidene, on the other hand, is highly reactive and induces C-C bond cleavage to yield a phosphido-pyridyl complex which also undergoes rapid reacton with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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11
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Deng P, Shi X, Gong X, Cheng J. Trinuclear scandium methylidyne complexes stabilized by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6436-6439. [PMID: 34095916 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of scandium methylidyne complexes [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-X)]3(μ3-CH) (Cp* = C5Me5; X = Br, Me, OMe), free of Lewis acids, can be achieved in high yields from [(Cp*)ScMe2]2 through a facile route. The chemical and geometrical flexibility to incorporate organic substrates indicates a rich chemistry of complex [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-OMe)]3(μ3-CH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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12
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Liu J, Singh K, Dutta S, Feng Z, Koley D, Tan G, Wang X. Yttrium germole dianion complexes with Y-Ge bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5552-5556. [PMID: 33908995 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of dipotassium 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-germole dianion K2[1] with YCl3 and Cp*YCl2 (Cp* = cyclopentadienyl) in THF at room temperature afforded the dianion salt [(K-cryptand-222)2][1-YCl3] (K2[2]) and the dimeric complex [1-Y-Cp*]2 (3), respectively. While the polymeric complex {[(1)2-Y-K(toluene)]2}n (4) was obtained from the reaction of K2[1] and half molar equivalent of YCl3(THF)3.5 in toluene at 80 °C. The germole dianions in complexes 3 and 4 feature η5/η1 coordination interactions with the yttrium atoms. They represent the first examples of rare earth (RE) complexes containing RE-Ge bonds other than the RE-GeR3 structural type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kalyan Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Feng B, Xiang L, Carpentier A, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Scandium-Terminal Boronylphosphinidene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2705-2709. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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14
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Feng B, Xiang L, McCabe KN, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Synthesis and versatile reactivity of scandium phosphinophosphinidene complexes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2916. [PMID: 32518314 PMCID: PMC7283324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
M=E/M≡E multiple bonds (M = transition metal, E = main group element) are of significant fundamental scientific importance and have widespread applications. Expanding the ranges of M and E represents grand challenges for synthetic chemists and will bring new horizons for the chemistry. There have been reports of M=E/M≡E multiple bonds for the majority of the transition metals, and even some actinide metals. In stark contrast, as the largest subgroup in the periodic table, rare-earth metals (Ln) were scarcely involved in Ln=E/Ln≡E multiple bonds. Until recently, there were a few examples of rare-earth monometallic alkylidene, imido and oxo complexes, featuring Ln=C/N/O bonds. What are in absence are rare-earth monometallic phosphinidene complexes with Ln=P bonds. Herein, we report synthesis and structure of rare-earth monometallic phosphinidene complexes, namely scandium phosphinophosphinidene complexes. Reactivity of scandium phosphinophosphinidene complexes is also mapped out, and appears to be easily tuned by the supporting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Karl N McCabe
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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15
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Carbene complex formation versus cyclometallation from a phosphoryl-tethered methanide ruthenium complex. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Zheng Y, Cao CS, Ma W, Chen T, Wu B, Yu C, Huang Z, Yin J, Hu HS, Li J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 2-Butene Tetraanion Bridged Dinuclear Samarium(III) Complexes via Sm(II)-Mediated Reduction of Electron-Rich Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10705-10714. [PMID: 32408744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While reduction reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry, it is very challenging to further reduce electron-rich compounds, especially the anionic ones. In this work, the reduction of 1,3-butadienyl dianion, the anionic conjugated olefin, has been realized by divalent rare-earth metal compounds (SmI2), resulting in the formation of novel 2-butene tetraanion bridged disamarium(III) complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal two features: (i) the single electron transfer (SET) from 4f atomic orbitals (AOs) of each Sm center to the antibonding π*-orbitals of 1,3-butadienyl dianion is feasible and the new HOMO formed by the bonding interaction between Sm 5d orbitals (AOs) and the π*-orbitals of 1,3-butadienyl dianion can accept favorably 2e- from 4f AOs of Sm(II); (ii) the 2-butene tetraanionic ligand serves as a unique 10e- donating system, in which 4e- act as two σ-donation bonding interactions while the rest 6e- as three π-donation bonding interactions. The disamarium(III) complexes represent a unique class of the bridged bis-alkylidene rare-earth organometallic complexes. The ligand-based reductive reactivity of 2-butene tetraanion bridged disamarium(III) complexes demonstrates that 2-butene tetraanionic ligand serves as a 3e- reductant toward cyclooctatetraene (COT) to provide doubly COT-supported disamarabutadiene complexes. The reaction of the disamarium(III) complexes with Cp*Li produces the doubly Cp*-coordinated Sm(III) complexes via salt metathesis. In addition, the reaction with Mo(CO)6 affords the oxycyclopentadienyl dinuclear complex via CO insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chang-Su Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Watt FA, McCabe KN, Schoch R, Maron L, Hohloch S. A transient lanthanum phosphinidene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15410-15413. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Deprotonation of the terminal phosphido complex (PN)2La(PHMes) results in the C–H-activation of one of the PN ligands via a transient phosphinidene complex.
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18
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Su W, Pan S, Sun X, Zhao L, Frenking G, Zhu C. Cerium-carbon dative interactions supported by carbodiphosphorane. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16108-16114. [PMID: 31620743 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03770e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A set of complexes containing dative interactions between a rare-earth metal and carbon are reported. Complex 2, Br3Ce(CDP)(THF), with a Ce←C bond was synthesized by the reaction of CeBr3 with a carbon(0) ligand, carbodiphosphorane (CDP). More significantly, a trivalent cerium complex 3, [BrCe(CDP)2](BPh4)2, with two σ dative interactions C→Ce←C was also isolated, which represents an unusual example of two dative interactions formed with the same atom in a molecule. Furthermore, π donation by the second lone-pair electrons of the CDP ligand is rather weak. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the Ce-C bond lengths in these complexes are comparable with those in cerium(iii)-carbene species. Density functional theory calculations support the dative interaction formation in these complexes and the strength of σ-donation in 3 is stronger than that in 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China. and Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany. and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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19
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Mao W, Wang Y, Xiang L, Peng Q, Leng X, Chen Y. Scandium Phosphonioketene: Synthesis, Bonding and Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:10304-10308. [PMID: 31199008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of a scandium phosphoniomethylidene with carbon monoxide provides the first scandium phosphonioketene (1). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the complex has a very short Sc-C bond (2.138(2) Å), and DFT calculations indicate that this unusual short bond length is due to the significant contribution of ionic coulomb interaction between carbon and scandium and the η2 -O,C coordination fashion. Complex 1 is thermally stable, albeit shows high reactivity towards a series of unsaturated substrates, including carbon dioxide, ketone, imine, nitrile and isocyanide. In the reaction with tert-butyl isocyanide, not only an insertion of tert-butyl isocyanide into the Sc-C bond occur, but also a C-H activation on the phenyl ring. DFT calculations show that the reactivity of 1 operated by nucleophilic properties, and therefore the reaction mechanism favors the nucleophilic attack to isocyanide as a rate-determining step, followed by the stepwise C-H activation through an interesting C-H deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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20
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Wolf BM, Anwander R. Chasing Multiple Bonding Interactions between Alkaline‐Earth Metals and Main‐Group Fragments. Chemistry 2019; 25:8190-8202. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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21
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Yan F, Li S, Li L, Zhang W, Cui D, Wang M, Dou Y. Lutetium‐Methanediide‐Alkyl Complexes: Unique Reactivity toward Carbodiimide and Pyridine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130025 P. R. China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wanxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130025 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Dou
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130025 P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
Elaborate synthesis schemes pave the way to f-element and group 3 complexes with multiply bonded imido ligands displaying intriguing reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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23
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Cheung WM, Au-Yeung KC, Wong KH, So YM, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Reactions of cerium complexes with transition metal nitrides: synthesis and structure of heterometallic cerium complexes containing bridging catecholate ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13458-13465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic cerium complexes containing bridging catecholate ligands have been synthesized from cerium complexes with Kläui's tripodal ligand and metal catecholates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
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24
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Thim R, Schädle D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Rare‐Earth Metal Diimide Complexes via Alkylaluminate Templating, Including a Ceric Derivative. Chemistry 2018; 25:507-511. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renita Thim
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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25
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Wang C, Mao W, Xiang L, Yang Y, Fang J, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Monomeric Rare-Earth Metal Silyl-Thiophosphinoyl-Alkylidene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:13903-13917. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization; Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization; Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS, & INSA; Université Paul Sabatier; 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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26
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Thim R, Dietrich HM, Bonath M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-Supported Rare-Earth-Metal Benzyl, Amide, and Imide Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renita Thim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Mao W, Xiang L, Lamsfus CA, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Are Sc-C and Sc-P Bonds Reactive in Scandium Phosphinoalkylidene Complex? Insights on a Versatile Reactivity. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Carlos Alvarez Lamsfus
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil; 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil; 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 200032 China
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28
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Dianionic Carbon-Bridged Scandium-Copper/Silver Heterobimetallic Complexes: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:5637-5643. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Research into transition metal complexes bearing multiply bonded main-group ligands has developed into a thriving and fruitful field over the past half century. These complexes, featuring terminal M═E/M≡E (M = transition metal; E = main-group element) multiple bonds, exhibit unique structural properties as well as rich reactivity, which render them attractive targets for inorganic/organometallic chemists as well as indispensable tools for organic/catalytic chemists. This fact has been highlighted by their widespread applications in organic synthesis, for example, as olefin metathesis catalysts. In the ongoing renaissance of transition metal-ligand multiple-bonding chemistry, there have been reports of M═E/M≡E interactions for the majority of the metallic elements of the periodic table, even some actinide metals. In stark contrast, the largest subgroup of the periodic table, rare-earth metals (Ln = Sc, Y, and lanthanides), have been excluded from this upsurge. Indeed, the synthesis of terminal Ln═E/Ln≡E multiple-bonding species lagged behind that of the transition metal and actinide congeners for decades. Although these species had been pursued since the discovery of a rare-earth metal bridging imide in 1991, such a terminal (nonpincer/bridging hapticities) Ln═E/Ln≡E bond species was not obtained until 2010. The scarcity is mainly attributed to the energy mismatch between the frontier orbitals of the metal and the ligand atoms. This renders the putative terminal Ln═E/Ln≡E bonds extremely reactive, thus resulting in the formation of aggregates and/or reaction with the ligand/environment, quenching the multiple-bond character. In 2010, the stalemate was broken by the isolation and structural characterization of the first rare-earth metal terminal imide-a scandium terminal imide-by our group. The double-bond character of the Sc═N bond was unequivocally confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Theoretical investigations revealed the presence of two p-d π bonds between the scandium ion and the nitrogen atom of the imido ligand and showed that the dianionic [NR]2- imido ligand acts as a 2σ,4π electron donor. Subsequent studies of the scandium terminal imides revealed highly versatile and intriguing reactivity of the Sc═N bond. This included cycloaddition toward various unsaturated bonds, C-H/Si-H/B-H bond activations and catalytic hydrosilylation, dehydrofluorination of fluoro-substituted benzenes/alkanes, CO2 and H2 activations, activation of elemental selenium, coordination with other transition metal halides, etc. Since our initial success in 2010, and with contributions from us and across the community, this young, vibrant research field has rapidly flourished into one of the most active frontiers of rare-earth metal chemistry. The prospect of extending Ln═N chemistry to other rare-earth metals and/or different metal oxidation states, as well as exploiting their stoichiometric and catalytic reactivities, continues to attract research effort. Herein we present an account of our investigations into scandium terminal imido chemistry as a timely summary, in the hope that our studies will be of interest to this readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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30
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Beattie RJ, Sutton AD, Scott BL, Clark DL, Kiplinger JL, Gordon JC. Lutetium functionalities supported by a sterically encumbered β-diketiminate ligand. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Mahmoudi G, Zaręba JK, Bauzá A, Kubicki M, Bartyzel A, Keramidas AD, Butusov L, Mirosław B, Frontera A. Recurrent supramolecular motifs in discrete complexes and coordination polymers based on mercury halides: prevalence of chelate ring stacking and substituent effects. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, X-ray characterization and DFT study of five Hg(ii) complexes with Schiff bases containing a nicotinohydrazide core to explore the formation of chelate-ring π-stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodrat Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Maragheh
- Maragheh
- Iran
| | - Jan K. Zaręba
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Agata Bartyzel
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mirosław
- Department of Crystallography
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma (Baleares)
- Spain
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32
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Bauer H, Orzechowski L, Escalona A, Jansen G, Harder S. Synthesis and Structure of a Dimeric Iminophosphorane Stabilized Zinc Carbene: (ZnCR2)2. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Orzechowski
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fakultät für
Chemie, Universitätsstrasse
5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Escalona
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fakultät für
Chemie, Universitätsstrasse
5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Mao W, Xiang L, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Nonchelated Phosphoniomethylidene Complexes of Scandium and Lutetium. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17759-17762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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34
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Minasian SG, Batista ER, Booth CH, Clark DL, Keith JM, Kozimor SA, Lukens WW, Martin RL, Shuh DK, Stieber SCE, Tylisczcak T, Wen XD. Quantitative Evidence for Lanthanide-Oxygen Orbital Mixing in CeO2, PrO2, and TbO2. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18052-18064. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Minasian
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David L. Clark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jason M. Keith
- Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard L. Martin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David K. Shuh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Tolek Tylisczcak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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35
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Assefa MK, Wu G, Hayton TW. Synthesis of a terminal Ce(iv) oxo complex by photolysis of a Ce(iii) nitrate complex. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7873-7878. [PMID: 29163924 PMCID: PMC5674170 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction of [Ce(NR2)3] (R = SiMe3) with LiNO3 in THF, in the presence of 2,2,2-cryptand, results in the formation of the Ce(iii) "ate" complex, [Li(2,2,2-cryptand)][Ce(κ2-O2NO)(NR2)3] (1) in 38% yield. Photolysis of 1 at 380 nm affords [Li(2,2,2-cryptand)][Ce(O)(NR2)3] (2), in 33% isolated yield after reaction work-up. Complex 2 is the first reported example of a Ce(iv) oxo complex where the oxo ligand is not supported by hydrogen bonding or alkali metal coordination. Also formed during photolysis are [Li(2,2,2-cryptand)]2[(μ3-O){Ce(μ-O)(NR2)2}3] (3) and [Li(2,2,2-cryptand)][Ce(OSiMe3)(NR2)3] (4). Their identities were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Complex 4 can also be prepared via reaction of [Ce(NR2)3] with LiOSiMe3 in THF, in the presence of 2,2,2-cryptand. When synthesized in this fashion, 4 can be isolated in 47% yield. To rationalize the presence of 2, 3, and 4 in the reaction mixture, we propose that photolysis of 1 first generates 2 and NO2, via homolytic cleavage of the N-O bond in its nitrate co-ligand. Complex 2 then undergoes decomposition via two separate routes: (1) ligand scrambling and oligomerization to form 3; and, (2) abstraction of a trimethylsilyl cation to form a transient Ce(iv) silyloxide, [CeIV(OSiMe3)(NR2)3], followed by 1e- reduction to form 4. Alternatively, complex 4 could form directly via ·SiMe3 abstraction by 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiyas K Assefa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA 93106 , USA .
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36
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Rare-earth metal complexes of β-diketiminato ligands bearing pendant nitrogen or oxygen donors. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Knott JP, Hänninen MM, Rautiainen JM, Tuononen HM, Hayes PG. Insights into the decomposition pathway of a lutetium alkylamido complex via intramolecular C–H bond activation. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Chu J, Wang C, Xiang L, Leng X, Chen Y. Reactivity of Scandium Terminal Imido Complex toward Boranes: C(sp3)–H Bond Borylation and B–O Bond Cleavage. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Chu
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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39
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Clough BA, Mellino S, Clot E, Mountford P. New Scandium Borylimido Chemistry: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11165-11183. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Clough
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Simona Mellino
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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40
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41
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Solola LA, Zabula AV, Dorfner WL, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Cerium(IV) Imido Complexes: Structural, Computational, and Reactivity Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2435-2442. [PMID: 28076948 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkali metal capped cerium(IV) imido complexes, [M(solv)x][Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)] (M = Li, K, Rb, Cs; solv = TMEDA, THF, Et2O, or DME), was isolated and fully characterized. An X-ray structural investigation of the cerium imido complexes demonstrated the impact of the alkali metal counterions on the geometry of the [Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)]- moiety. Substantial shortening of the Ce═N bond was observed with increasing size of the alkali metal cation. The first complex featuring an unsupported, terminal multiple bond between a Ce(IV) ion and a ligand fragment was also isolated by encapsulation of a Cs+ counterion with 2.2.2-cryptand. This complex shows the shortest recorded Ce═N bond length of 2.077(3) Å. Computational investigation of the cerium imido complexes using DFT methods showed a relatively larger contribution of the cerium 5d orbital than the 4f orbital to the Ce═N bonds. The [K(DME)2][Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)] complex cleaves the Si-O bond in (Me3Si)2O, yielding the [(Me3SiO)CeIV(TriNOx)] adduct. The reaction of the rubidium capped imido complex with benzophenone resulted in the formation of a rare Ce(IV)-oxo complex, that was stabilized by a supramolecular, tetrameric oligomerization of the Ce═O units with rubidium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman A Solola
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Walter L Dorfner
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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42
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Mao W, Xiang L, Alvarez Lamsfus C, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Highly Reactive Scandium Phosphinoalkylidene Complex: C-H and H-H Bonds Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1081-1084. [PMID: 28068074 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex was synthesized and structurally characterized. The complex has the shortest Sc-C bond lengths reported to date (2.089(3) Å). DFT calculations reveal the presence of a three center π interaction in the complex. This scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex undergoes intermolecular C-H bond activation of pyridine, 4-dimethylamino pyridine and 1,3-dimethylpyrazole at room temperature. Furthermore, the complex rapidly activates H2 under mild conditions. DFT calculations also demonstrate that the C-H activation of 1,3-dimethylpyrazole is selective for thermodynamic reasons and the relatively slow reaction is due to the need of fully breaking the chelating effect of the phosphino group to undergo the reaction whereas this is not the case for H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Carlos Alvarez Lamsfus
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier , 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier , 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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43
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Pu Z, Yu W, Roy SK, Li C, Ao B, Liu T, Shuai M, Wang X. Insights into the enhanced CeN triple bond in the HCeN molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8216-8222. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an experimental study of the vibrational spectra of HCeN was carried out in solid argon, followed by theoretical investigations of molecular structures and the nature of CeN bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pu
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Soumendra K. Roy
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Shaanxi key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environmental Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Bingyun Ao
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Maobing Shuai
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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44
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Damon PL, Wu G, Kaltsoyannis N, Hayton TW. Formation of a Ce(IV) Oxo Complex via Inner Sphere Nitrate Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12743-12746. [PMID: 27622564 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Ce(NO3)3(THF)4 with Li3(THF)3(NN'3) (NN'3 = N(CH2CH2NR)3, R = SitBuMe2) in Et2O, in the presence of 12-crown-4, results in the formation of [Li(12-crown-4)][(NN'3)Ce(O)] (1) in 36% yield. This transformation proceeds via formation of a Ce(III) nitrate intermediate, [Li(12-crown-4)][(NN'3)Ce(κ2-O2NO)] (2), which undergoes inner sphere nitrate reduction. In addition, reaction of 1 with tBuMe2SiCl results in the formation of (NN'3)Ce(OSitBuMe2) (3), confirming the nucleophilic character of its oxo ligand. Natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules data reveal the Ce-O interaction in 1 to be significantly covalent, and strikingly similar to analogous U-O bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Damon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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45
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MacLeod KC, Menges FS, McWilliams SF, Craig SM, Mercado BQ, Johnson MA, Holland PL. Alkali-Controlled C-H Cleavage or N-C Bond Formation by N2-Derived Iron Nitrides and Imides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11185-91. [PMID: 27571271 PMCID: PMC5266523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of N-H and N-C bonds from functionalization of N2 is a potential route to utilization of this abundant resource. One of the key challenges is to make the products of N2 activation reactive enough to undergo further reactions under mild conditions. This paper explores the strategy of "alkali control," where the presence of an alkali metal cation enables the reduction of N2 under mild conditions, and then chelation of the alkali metal cation uncovers a highly reactive species that can break benzylic C-H bonds to give new N-H and Fe-C bonds. The ability to "turn on" this C-H activation pathway with 18-crown-6 is demonstrated with three different N2 reduction products of N2 cleavage in an iron-potassium system. The alkali control strategy can also turn on an intermolecular reaction of an N2-derived nitride with methyl tosylate that gives a new N-C bond. Since the transient K(+)-free intermediate reacts with this electrophile but not with the weak C-H bonds in 1,4-cyclohexadiene, it is proposed that the C-H cleavage occurs by a deprotonation mechanism. The combined results demonstrate that a K(+) ion can mask the latent nucleophilicity of N2-derived nitride and imide ligands within a trimetallic iron system and points a way toward control over N2 functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Cory MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabian S. Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sean F. McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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46
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Solola LA, Zabula AV, Dorfner WL, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. An Alkali Metal-Capped Cerium(IV) Imido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6928-31. [PMID: 27163651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structurally authenticated, terminal lanthanide-ligand multiple bonds are rare and expected to be highly reactive. Even capped with an alkali metal cation, poor orbital energy matching and overlap of metal and ligand valence orbitals should result in strong charge polarization within such bonds. We expand on a new strategy for isolating terminal lanthanide-ligand multiple bonds using cerium(IV) complexes. In the current case, our tailored tris(hydroxylaminato) ligand framework, TriNOx(3-), provides steric protection against ligand scrambling and metal complex oligomerization and electronic protection against reduction. This strategy culminates in isolation of the first formal Ce═N bonded moiety in the complex [K(DME)2][Ce═N(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)(TriNOx)], whose Ce═N bond is the shortest known at 2.119(3) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman A Solola
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Walter L Dorfner
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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47
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So YM, Li Y, Au-Yeung KC, Wang GC, Wong KL, Sung HHY, Arnold PL, Williams ID, Lin Z, Leung WH. Probing the Reactivity of the Ce═O Multiple Bond in a Cerium(IV) Oxo Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10003-10012. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Long Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Polly L. Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building,
The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9
3FJ, U.K
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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48
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Gregson M, Lu E, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Hennig C, Scheinost AC, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kerridge A, Liddle ST. Emergence of comparable covalency in isostructural cerium(iv)- and uranium(iv)-carbon multiple bonds. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3286-3297. [PMID: 29997821 PMCID: PMC6006499 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report comparable levels of covalency in cerium- and uranium-carbon multiple bonds in the iso-structural carbene complexes [M(BIPMTMS)(ODipp)2] [M = Ce (1), U (2), Th (3); BIPMTMS = C(PPh2NSiMe3)2; Dipp = C6H3-2,6-iPr2] whereas for M = Th the M[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond interaction is much more ionic. On the basis of single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, EPR, and XANES spectroscopies, and SQUID magnetometry complexes 1-3 are confirmed formally as bona fide metal(iv) complexes. In order to avoid the deficiencies of orbital-based theoretical analysis approaches we probed the bonding of 1-3 via analysis of RASSCF- and CASSCF-derived densities that explicitly treats the orbital energy near-degeneracy and overlap contributions to covalency. For these complexes similar levels of covalency are found for cerium(iv) and uranium(iv), whereas thorium(iv) is found to be more ionic, and this trend is independently found in all computational methods employed. The computationally determined trends in covalency of these systems of Ce ∼ U > Th are also reproduced in experimental exchange reactions of 1-3 with MCl4 salts where 1 and 2 do not exchange with ThCl4, but 3 does exchange with MCl4 (M = Ce, U) and 1 and 2 react with UCl4 and CeCl4, respectively, to establish equilibria. This study therefore provides complementary theoretical and experimental evidence that contrasts to the accepted description that generally lanthanide-ligand bonding in non-zero oxidation state complexes is overwhelmingly ionic but that of uranium is more covalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility , School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility , School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Christoph Hennig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01314 Dresden , Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline , ESRF , BP 220 , F-38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01314 Dresden , Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline , ESRF , BP 220 , F-38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Lancaster , LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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49
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Li T, Zhang G, Guo J, Wang S, Leng X, Chen Y. Tris(pyrazolyl)methanide Complexes of Trivalent Rare-Earth Metals. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education,
Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education,
Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Gregson M, Chilton NF, Ariciu AM, Tuna F, Crowe IF, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Collison D, McInnes EJL, Winpenny REP, Liddle ST. A monometallic lanthanide bis(methanediide) single molecule magnet with a large energy barrier and complex spin relaxation behaviour. Chem Sci 2016; 7:155-165. [PMID: 29861976 PMCID: PMC5950554 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a dysprosium(iii) bis(methanediide) single molecule magnet (SMM) where stabilisation of the highly magnetic states and suppression of mixing of opposite magnetic projections is imposed by a linear arrangement of negatively-charged donor atoms supported by weak neutral donors. Treatment of [Ln(BIPMTMS)(BIPMTMSH)] [Ln = Dy, 1Dy; Y, 1Y; BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2-; BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}-] with benzyl potassium/18-crown-6 ether (18C6) in THF afforded [Ln(BIPMTMS)2][K(18C6)(THF)2] [Ln = Dy, 2Dy; Y, 2Y]. AC magnetic measurements of 2Dy in zero DC field show temperature- and frequency-dependent SMM behaviour. Orbach relaxation dominates at high temperature, but at lower temperatures a second-order Raman process dominates. Complex 2Dy exhibits two thermally activated energy barriers (U eff) of 721 and 813 K, the largest U eff values for any monometallic dysprosium(iii) complex. Dilution experiments confirm the molecular origin of this phenomenon. Complex 2Dy has rich magnetic dynamics; field-cooled (FC)/zero-field cooled (ZFC) susceptibility measurements show a clear divergence at 16 K, meaning the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium below this temperature, however the maximum in ZFC, which conventionally defines the blocking temperature, T B, is found at 10 K. Magnetic hysteresis is also observed in 10% 2Dy@2Y at these temperatures. Ab initio calculations suggest the lowest three Kramers doublets of the ground 6H15/2 multiplet of 2Dy are essentially pure, well-isolated |±15/2, |±13/2 and |±11/2 states quantised along the C[double bond, length as m-dash]Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C axis. Thermal relaxation occurs via the 4th and 5th doublets, verified experimentally for the first time, and calculated U eff values of 742 and 810 K compare very well to experimental magnetism and luminescence data. This work validates a design strategy towards realising high-temperature SMMs and produces unusual spin relaxation behaviour where the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium some 6 K above the formal blocking temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Ana-Maria Ariciu
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Iain F Crowe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - David Collison
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . ;
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