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Zhang T, Liu P, Wei H, Sun X, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Cai Y, Cui M, Ma H, Liu W, Sun Y, Yang J. Protein Engineering of Glucosylglycerol Phosphorylase Facilitating Efficient and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Glycosylation of Polyols in a Synthetic System. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pi Liu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xinming Sun
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mengfei Cui
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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2
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Haese M, Winterhalter K, Jung J, Schmidt MS. Like Visiting an Old Friend: Fischer Glycosylation in the Twenty-First Century: Modern Methods and Techniques. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:26. [PMID: 35595946 PMCID: PMC9123081 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fischer glycosylation is typically the chemical reaction of a monosaccharide and an alcohol in presence of an acidic catalyst to afford glycosides in pyranosidic and furanosidic forms. This reaction is still applied today for the synthesis of specialized glycosides, and optimization and modification of the method have continued since its discovery by Emil Fischer in the 1890s. This review presents advancements in Fischer glycosylation described in literature of the past 15 years and its implementation in modern chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Haese
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Labs, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Kai Winterhalter
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Labs, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Jessica Jung
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Labs, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Magnus S. Schmidt
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Labs, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054 VS-Schwenningen, Germany
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3
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Smułek W, Burlaga N, Hricovíni M, Medveďová A, Kaczorek E, Hricovíniová Z. Evaluation of surface active and antimicrobial properties of alkyl D-lyxosides and alkyl L-rhamnosides as green surfactants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129818. [PMID: 33736217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbohydrates, as a part of surface-active compounds, has been studied due to their biodegradability and nontoxic profile. A series of alkyl glycosides containing d-lyxose and l-rhamnose with alkyl chains of 8-12 carbon atoms were investigated. The effects of structural variations on their physico-chemical and biological properties have been evaluated for a detailed understanding of their properties. Alkyl glycosides were tested on their toxicity against bacterial cells of the genus Pseudomonas (MTT assay), microbiological adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH assay), cell surface hydrophobicity (Congo red assay), cell membrane permeability (crystal violet assay), and bacterial biofilm formation. Furthermore, their antifungal activity against two pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was investigated using the disc diffusion method. Toxicological studies revealed that compounds could reduce the metabolic activity of bacterial cells only moderately but they increased the hydrophobicity of cell surface in Pseudomonas strains. In addition, alkyl glycosides changed the permeability of the cell membranes to the level of 30-40% for this strain. The compounds with an even number of carbon atoms in their alkyl chain promoted stronger bacterial biofilm formation on the glass surface. All studied derivatives demonstrated very strong antifungal activity against fungus A. niger but very small effect against C. albicans. Overall, the results showed that long-chain alkyl glycosides could be considered as inexpensive, biocompatible, nontoxic agents, and serve for the surface design to avoid bacterial adhesion as an alternative solution to antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Burlaga
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Hricovíni
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Medveďová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzana Hricovíniová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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4
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Paulovičová E, Paulovičová L, Poláková M, Pánik M, Jantová S. In vitro evaluation of immunobiological activity of simple mannolipids. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105014. [PMID: 33049314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation, cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activity of selected amphiphilic non-ionic (thio)alkyl α-D-mannosides (with aglycone of C6-C12) were investigated in vitro in human cervix epitheloid carcinoma cell line HeLa, murine melanoma cancer cells B16, murine lymphocytic leukemia cell line L1210, murine fibroblast cell line NIH 3 T3 and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Toxicological studies revealed structure-dependent immunobiological effectivity based on a tight interaction with relevant cells. The results demonstrated diverse immunomodulation of macrophage cell-line RAW264.7 proliferation and production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and induction of pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1α, TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 following (thio)alkyl α-D-mannosides 24 and 48 h exposure. Direct application of alkyl mannosides MOC10 and MOC12 and their thio analogues MSC10 and MSC12 in reconstructed human EpiDerm™ and MOC12 and MSC12 in EpiOcular™ model assays for dermal and ocular irritation together with quantification of human proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 culture media release was used to ascertain toxicological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Dept. Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Immunol and Cell Culture Laboratory, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Dept. Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Immunol and Cell Culture Laboratory, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Dept.Glycochemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Pánik
- Institute of Management, of the Slovak University of Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Jantová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Honigfort DJ, Zhang MH, Verespy S, Godula K. Engineering of spectator glycocalyx structures to evaluate molecular interactions at crowded cellular boundaries. Faraday Discuss 2020; 219:138-153. [PMID: 31313786 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the mucosal epithelium, the cellular glycocalyx can project tens to hundreds of nanometers into the extracellular space, erecting a physical barrier that provides protective functions, mediates the exchange of nutrients and regulates cellular interactions. Little is understood about how the physical properties of the mucosal glycocalyx influence molecular recognition at the cellular boundary. Here, we report the synthesis of PEG-based glycopolymers with tunable glycan composition, which approximate the extended architecture of mucin glycoproteins, and tether them to the plasma membranes of red blood cells (RBC) to construct an artificial mucin brush-like glycocalyx. We evaluated the association of two lectins, ConA and SNA, with their endogenous glycan ligands on the surface of the remodelled cells. The extended glycocalyx provided protection against agglutination of RBCs by both lectins; however, the rate and magnitude of ConA binding were attenuated to a greater degree in the presence of the glycopolymer spectators compared to those measured for SNA. The different sensitivity of ConA and SNA to glycocalyx crowding likely arises from the distinct presentation of their mannoside and sialoside receptors, respectively, within the native RBC glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Honigfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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The crystal structure and solution behaviour of decyl- and dodecyl α-D-lyxopyranoside: X-ray, NMR, computational and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Smułek W, Kaczorek E, Hricovíniová Z. Alkyl Xylosides: Physico-Chemical Properties and Influence on Environmental Bacteria Cells. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017; 20:1269-1279. [PMID: 29200811 PMCID: PMC5686273 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-2012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A group of four selected non-ionic surfactants based on carbohydrates, namely octyl d-xyloside (C8X), nonyl d-xyloside (C9X), decyl d-xyloside (C10X) and dodecyl d-xyloside (C12X), have been investigated to accomplish a better understanding of their physico-chemical properties as well as biological activities. The surface-active properties, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsion and foam stability, the impact of the compounds on cell surface hydrophobicity and cell membrane permeability together with their toxicity on the selected bacterial strains have been determined as well. The studied group of surfactants showed high surface-active properties allowing a decrease in the surface tension to values below 25 mN m-1 for dodecyl d-xyloside at the CMC. The investigated compounds did not have any toxic influence on two Pseudomonas bacterial strains at concentrations below 25 mg L-1. The studied long-chain alkyl xylosides influenced both the cell inner membrane permeability and the cell surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the alkyl chain length, as well as the surfactant concentration, had a significant impact on the modifications of the cell surface properties. The tested non-ionic surfactants exhibited strong surface-active properties accompanied by the significant influence on growth and properties of Pseudomonas bacteria cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzana Hricovíniová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Downey AM, Hocek M. Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1239-1279. [PMID: 28694870 PMCID: PMC5496566 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an immensely important biological process and one that is highly controlled and very efficient in nature. However, in a chemical laboratory the process is much more challenging and usually requires the extensive use of protecting groups to squelch reactivity at undesired reactive moieties. Nonetheless, by taking advantage of the differential reactivity of the anomeric center, a selective activation at this position is possible. As a result, protecting group-free strategies to effect glycosylations are available thanks to the tremendous efforts of many research groups. In this review, we showcase the methods available for the selective activation of the anomeric center on the glycosyl donor and the mechanisms by which the glycosylation reactions take place to illustrate the power these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michael Downey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Dash AK, Madhubabu T, Yousuf SK, Raina S, Mukherjee D. One-pot Mukaiyama type carbon-Ferrier rearrangement of glycals: Application in the synthesis of chromanone 3-C-glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2017; 438:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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Sharma DK, Rajput VS, Singh S, Sharma R, Khan IA, Mukherjee D. Ligand Free Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Aryl/heteroaryl-4-Indolylmaleimide and its Antimicrobial Activity. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry-Microbes; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India, , IIIM/1927/2016
| | - Vikrant S. Rajput
- Clinical Microbiology; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India
| | - Samsher Singh
- Clinical Microbiology; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Clinical Microbiology; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India
| | - Inshad A. Khan
- Clinical Microbiology; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry-Microbes; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road jammu- 180001 India, , IIIM/1927/2016
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Zheng Y, Yang G, Zhao Z, Guo T, Shi H, Zhou Y, Sun L. Structural analysis of ginseng polysaccharides extracted by EDTA solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Panax ginseng by EDTA solution are composed of both starch-like glucan and pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Te Guo
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain
- School of Life Sciences
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
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Puga AV, Corma A. Efficient production and separation of biodegradable surfactants from cellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3362-3373. [PMID: 25302776 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl glycoside biodegradable surfactants were produced from cellulose and 1-octanol or 1-dodecanol in a one-pot, two-step (hydrolysis-glycosidation) process in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Both surfactant productivity and separation efficiencies have been strikingly enhanced compared to other previously reported ionic liquid processes. Production temperatures were decreased to limit the extent of glucose dehydration and further degradation processes, but the conversions remained high. Surfactant molar yields up to 72% were achieved by operating at 70 °C. Several separation procedures were tested to achieve high recoveries of both surfactant and ionic liquid. The use of a silica stationary phase was useful for isolation of the surfactant, whereas crystallization of the ionic liquid improved its separation efficiency. Finally, the precipitation of dodecyl glycosides in aqueous media was highly efficient for their isolation and for the recovery (>99%) of the ionic liquid by using only water as the solvent for separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto V Puga
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda. dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain)
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Lambu MR, Mukherjee D. Diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized cis-1-oxadecalines via 6-endo-tet-cyclizations of 2-C-branched sugars. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized cis-1-oxadecalines via 6-endo-tet-cyclizations of 2-C-branched sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikharjuna Rao Lambu
- NPC-Microbes
- CSIR-IIIM (Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine)
- Jammu, J & K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- NPC-Microbes
- CSIR-IIIM (Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine)
- Jammu, J & K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
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Lambu MR, Hussain A, Sharma DK, Yousuf SK, Singh B, Tripathi AK, Mukherjee D. Synthesis of C-spiro-glycoconjugates from sugar lactones via zinc mediated Barbier reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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