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Fritea L, Banica F, Costea TO, Moldovan L, Dobjanschi L, Muresan M, Cavalu S. Metal Nanoparticles and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Improved Performances of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6319. [PMID: 34771844 PMCID: PMC8585379 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring human health for early detection of disease conditions or health disorders is of major clinical importance for maintaining a healthy life. Sensors are small devices employed for qualitative and quantitative determination of various analytes by monitoring their properties using a certain transduction method. A "real-time" biosensor includes a biological recognition receptor (such as an antibody, enzyme, nucleic acid or whole cell) and a transducer to convert the biological binding event to a detectable signal, which is read out indicating both the presence and concentration of the analyte molecule. A wide range of specific analytes with biomedical significance at ultralow concentration can be sensitively detected. In nano(bio)sensors, nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the (bio)sensor design by attachment to the suitably modified platforms. For this purpose, metal nanoparticles have many advantageous properties making them useful in the transducer component of the (bio)sensors. Gold, silver and platinum NPs have been the most popular ones, each form of these metallic NPs exhibiting special surface and interface features, which significantly improve the biocompatibility and transduction of the (bio)sensor compared to the same process in the absence of these NPs. This comprehensive review is focused on the main types of NPs used for electrochemical (bio)sensors design, especially screen-printed electrodes, with their specific medical application due to their improved analytical performances and miniaturized form. Other advantages such as supporting real-time decision and rapid manipulation are pointed out. A special attention is paid to carbon-based nanomaterials (especially carbon nanotubes and graphene), used by themselves or decorated with metal nanoparticles, with excellent features such as high surface area, excellent conductivity, effective catalytic properties and biocompatibility, which confer to these hybrid nanocomposites a wide biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Fritea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Florin Banica
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Traian Octavian Costea
- Advanced Materials Research Infrastructure—SMARTMAT, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Liviu Moldovan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Luciana Dobjanschi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Mariana Muresan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 Decembrie, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.F.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (S.C.)
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2
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Perkins H, Higgins M, Marcato M, Galvin P, Teixeira SR. Immunosensor for Assessing the Welfare of Trainee Guide Dogs. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11090327. [PMID: 34562917 PMCID: PMC8465025 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is a well established biomarker hormone that regulates many processes in the body and is widely referred to as the stress hormone. Cortisol can be used as a stress marker to allow for detection of stress levels in dogs during the training process. This test will indicate if they will handle the stress under the training or if they might be more suitable as an assistant or companion dog. An immunosensor for detection of cortisol was developed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor was characterized using chemical and topographical techniques. The sensor was calibrated and its sensitivity determined using a cortisol concentration range of 0.0005 to 50 μg/mL. The theoretical limit of detection was found to be 3.57 fg/mL. When the immunosensor was tested on canine saliva samples, cortisol was detected and measured within the relevant physiological ranges in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Perkins
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle Higgins
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinara Marcato
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (H.P.); (M.H.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-8-3155-4592
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3
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Graphene Bioelectronic Nose for the Detection of Odorants with Human Olfactory Receptor 2AG1. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A real-time sensor for the detection of amyl butyrate (AB) utilising human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (OR2AG1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) consisting of seven transmembrane domains, immobilized onto a graphene resistor is demonstrated. Using CVD graphene as the sensor platform, allows greater potential for more sensitive detection than similar sensors based on carbon nanotubes, gold or graphene oxide platforms. A specific graphene resistor sensor was fabricated and modified via non-covalent π–π stacking of 1,5 diaminonaphthalene (DAN) onto the graphene channel, and subsequent anchoring of the OR2AG1 receptor to the DAN molecule using glutaraldehyde coupling. Binding between the target odorant, amyl butyrate, and the OR2AG1 receptor protein generated a change in resistance of the graphene resistor sensor. The functionalized graphene resistor sensors exhibited a linear sensor response between 0.1–500 pM and high selectively towards amyl butyrate, with a sensitivity as low as 500 fM, whilst control measurements using non-specific esters, produced a negligible sensor response. The approach described here provides an alternative sensing platform that can be used in bioelectronic nose applications.
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4
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Walters F, Ali MM, Burwell G, Rozhko S, Tehrani Z, Daghigh Ahmadi E, Evans JE, Abbasi HY, Bigham R, Mitchell JJ, Kazakova O, Devadoss A, Guy OJ. A Facile Method for the Non-Covalent Amine Functionalization of Carbon-Based Surfaces for Use in Biosensor Development. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1808. [PMID: 32927839 PMCID: PMC7559712 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Affinity biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) or resistor designs require the utilization of graphene's exceptional electrical properties. Therefore, it is critical when designing these sensors, that the electrical properties of graphene are maintained throughout the functionalization process. To that end, non-covalent functionalization may be preferred over covalent modification. Drop-cast 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) was investigated as a quick and simple method for the non-covalent amine functionalization of carbon-based surfaces such as graphene, for use in biosensor development. In this work, multiple graphene surfaces were functionalized with DAN via a drop-cast method, leading to amine moieties, available for subsequent attachment to receptor molecules. Successful modification of graphene with DAN via a drop-cast method was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and real-time resistance measurements. Successful attachment of receptor molecules also confirmed using the aforementioned techniques. Furthermore, an investigation into the effect of sequential wash steps which are required in biosensor manufacture, on the presence of the DAN layer, confirmed that the functional layer was not removed, even after multiple solvent exposures. Drop-cast DAN is thus, a viable fast and robust method for the amine functionalization of graphene surfaces for use in biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Walters
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Muhammad Munem Ali
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Gregory Burwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Sergiy Rozhko
- National Physical Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Institute, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; (S.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Zari Tehrani
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Ehsaneh Daghigh Ahmadi
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Jon E. Evans
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Hina Y. Abbasi
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Ryan Bigham
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Jacob John Mitchell
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Olga Kazakova
- National Physical Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Institute, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; (S.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Anitha Devadoss
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Owen J. Guy
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.M.A.); (Z.T.); (E.D.A.); (J.E.E.); (H.Y.A.); (J.J.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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5
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Calabretta MM, Zangheri M, Lopreside A, Marchegiani E, Montali L, Simoni P, Roda A. Precision medicine, bioanalytics and nanomaterials: toward a new generation of personalized portable diagnostics. Analyst 2020; 145:2841-2853. [PMID: 32196042 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The customization of disease treatment focused on genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors of individual patients, including tailored medical decisions and treatments, is identified as precision medicine. This approach involves the combination of various aspects such as the collection and processing of a large amount of data, the selection of optimized and personalized drug dosage for each patient and the development of selective and reliable analytical tools for the monitoring of clinical, genetic and environmental parameters. In this context, miniaturized, compact and ultrasensitive bioanalytical devices play a crucial role for achieving the goals of personalized medicine. In this review, the latest analytical technologies suitable for providing portable and easy-to-use diagnostic tools in clinical settings will be discussed, highlighting new opportunities arising from nanotechnologies, offering peculiar perspectives and opportunities for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Takagiri Y, Ikuta T, Maehashi K. Selective Detection of Cu 2+ Ions by Immobilizing Thiacalix[4]arene on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:877-881. [PMID: 31956840 PMCID: PMC6964509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly accurate quantitative detection of heavy metals is essential for environmental pollution monitoring and health safety. Here, for selective detection of Cu2+ ions with high sensitivity, thiacalix[4]arene (TCA) immobilized on graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) are developed. Our proposed TCA-immobilized G-FETs are successfully used to detect Cu2+ ions at concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 1 mM via changes in their transfer characteristics. Moreover, the measured transfer characteristics clearly shift only when Cu2+ ions are introduced in the buffer solution despite it containing other metal ions, including those of Na+, Mg2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+; this selective detection of Cu2+ ions is attributed to the planar arrangement of TCA on graphene. Therefore, TCA-immobilized G-FETs selectively detect Cu2+ with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takagiri
- Institute of Engineering Tokyo University
of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikuta
- Institute of Engineering Tokyo University
of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenzo Maehashi
- Institute of Engineering Tokyo University
of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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7
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Teixeira SR, Abreu CM, Parkes L, Davies J, Yao S, Sawhney MA, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Pinto IM, Francis LW, Conlan RS. Direct monitoring of breast and endometrial cancer cell epigenetic response to DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111386. [PMID: 31220725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are key epigenetic processes involved in normal cellular function and tumorigenesis. Therapeutic strategies based on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently in use and under development for the treatment of cancers. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling has been proposed for use in disease diagnosis, and histone modification profiling for disease stratification will follow suit. However, whether epigenome sequencing technologies will be feasible for rapid clinic diagnosis and patient treatment monitoring remains to be seen, and alternative detection technologies will almost certainly be needed. Here we used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) employing a graphene-based screen-printed electrode system to directly measure global DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation to compare non-cancer and breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that whilst global methylation was not useful as a differential marker in the cellular systems tested, histone H3 acetylation was effective at higher chromatin levels. Using breast and endometrial cancer cell models, EIS was then used to monitor cellular responses to the DNMT and HDAC inhibitors 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in vitro, and proved very effective at detecting global cellular responses to either treatment, indicating that this approach could be useful in following treatment response to epigenetic drugs. Moreover, this work reports the first combined analysis of two epigenetic markers using a unified graphene-based biosensor platform, demonstrating the potential for multiplex analysis of both methylation and acetylation on the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Teixeira
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C M Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L Parkes
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Yao
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Sawhney
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - L Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Abertawe Bro Morganwg University Health Board, Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend, UK
| | - D Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - I Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R S Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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8
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Dąbrowski M, Zimińska A, Kalecki J, Cieplak M, Lisowski W, Maksym R, Shao S, D'Souza F, Kuhn A, Sharma PS. Facile Fabrication of Surface-Imprinted Macroporous Films for Chemosensing of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9265-9276. [PMID: 30714713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an improved approach for the preparation of highly selective and homogeneous molecular cavities in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) via the combination of surface imprinting and semi-covalent imprinting. Toward that, first, a colloidal crystal mold was prepared via the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Then, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) template protein was immobilized on the colloidal crystal mold. Later, hCG derivatization with electroactive functional monomers via amide chemistry was performed. In a final step, optimized potentiostatic polymerization of 2,3'-bithiophene enabled depositing an MIP film as the macroporous structure. This synergistic strategy resulted in the formation of molecularly imprinted cavities exclusively on the internal surface of the macropores, which were accessible after dissolution of silica molds. The recognition of hCG by the macroporous MIP film was transduced with the help of electric transducers, namely, extended-gate field-effect transistors (EG-FET) and capacitive impedimetry (CI). These readout strategies offered the ability to create chemosensors for the label-free determination of the hCG hormone. Other than the simple confirmation of pregnancy, hCG assay is a common tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of ectopic pregnancy or trophoblast tumors. Concentration measurements with these EG-FET and CI-based devices allowed real-time measurements of hCG in the range of 0.8-50 and 0.17-2.0 fM, respectively, in 10 mM carbonate buffer (pH = 10). Moreover, the selectivity of chemosensors with respect to protein interferences was very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dąbrowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zimińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division , Medical University of Warsaw , Banacha 1 , 02-097 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Maciej Cieplak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Radosław Maksym
- Department of Reproductive Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education , St. Sophia Hospital , Zelazna 90 , 01-004 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle No. 305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle No. 305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP , 16 Avenue Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Piyush S Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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9
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Effect of different-sized gold nanoflowers on the detection performance of immunochromatographic assay for human chorionic gonadotropin detection. Talanta 2019; 194:604-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Santos NF, Pereira SO, Fernandes AJS, Vasconcelos TL, Fung CM, Archanjo BS, Achete CA, Teixeira SR, Silva RF, Costa FM. Physical Structure and Electrochemical Response of Diamond-Graphite Nanoplatelets: From CVD Synthesis to Label-Free Biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8470-8482. [PMID: 30694644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid diamond-graphite nanoplatelet (DGNP) thin films are produced and applied to label-free impedimetric biosensors for the first time, using avidin detection as a proof of concept. The DGNPs are synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition through H2/CH4/N2 gas mixtures in a reproducible and rapid single-step process. The material building unit consists of an inner two-dimensional-like nanodiamond with preferential vertical alignment covered by and covalently bound to nanocrystalline graphite grains, exhibiting {111}diamond||{0002}graphite epitaxy. The DGNP films' morphostructural aspects are of interest for electrochemical transduction, in general, and for Faradaic impedimetric biosensors, in particular, combining enhanced surface area for biorecognition element loading and facile Faradaic charge transfer. Charge transfer rate constants in phosphate buffer saline/[Fe(CN)6]4- solution are shown to increase up to 5.6 × 10-3 cm s-1 upon N2 addition to DGNP synthesis. For the impedimetric detection of avidin, biotin molecules are covalently bound as avidin specific recognition elements on (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-functionalized DGNP surfaces. Avidin quantification is attained within the 10-1000 μg mL-1 range following a logarithmic dependency. The limits of detection and of quantitation are 1.3 and 6.4 μg mL-1 (19 and 93 nM), respectively, and 2.3 and 13.8 μg mL-1 (33 and 200 nM) when considering the nonspecific response of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thiago L Vasconcelos
- Materials Metrology Division , INMETRO , 25250-020 Duque de Caxias , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Chung M Fung
- Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP , U.K
| | - Bráulio S Archanjo
- Materials Metrology Division , INMETRO , 25250-020 Duque de Caxias , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Carlos A Achete
- Materials Metrology Division , INMETRO , 25250-020 Duque de Caxias , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Sofia R Teixeira
- College of Engineering , Swansea University , Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8QQ , U.K
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11
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A highly sensitive electrochemical detection of human chorionic gonadotropin on a carbon nano-onions/gold nanoparticles/polyethylene glycol nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Spain E, Carrara S, Adamson K, Ma H, O’Kennedy R, De Cola L, Forster RJ. Cardiac Troponin I: Ultrasensitive Detection Using Faradaic Electrochemical Impedance. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17116-17124. [PMID: 31458332 PMCID: PMC6643842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I, cTnI, an important cardiac biomarker, is described. A combination of a novel monoclonal antibody, mAb20B3, and a novel Ir(III)-based metal complex was used for detection using faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A limit of detection of 10 ag/mL was achieved, which is significantly lower than established assays. The ability to detect these ultralow concentrations enables rapid and early stage detection of cardiac events and opens up the possibility of developing a point-of-care device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Spain
- National
Centre for Sensor Research and School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y5N0, 9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Serena Carrara
- Universitè
de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kellie Adamson
- National
Centre for Sensor Research and School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y5N0, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- National
Centre for Sensor Research and School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y5N0, 9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- National
Centre for Sensor Research and School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y5N0, 9 Dublin, Ireland
- Qatar
Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin
Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Universitè
de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert J. Forster
- National
Centre for Sensor Research and School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 Y5N0, 9 Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Vlăsceanu GM, Amărandi RM, Ioniță M, Tite T, Iovu H, Pilan L, Burns JS. Versatile graphene biosensors for enhancing human cell therapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:283-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Mujahid A, Mustafa G, Dickert FL. Label-Free Bioanalyte Detection from Nanometer to Micrometer Dimensions-Molecular Imprinting and QCMs †. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E52. [PMID: 29865200 PMCID: PMC6022876 DOI: 10.3390/bios8020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern diagnostic tools and immunoassay protocols urges direct analyte recognition based on its intrinsic behavior without using any labeling indicator. This not only improves the detection reliability, but also reduces sample preparation time and complexity involved during labeling step. Label-free biosensor devices are capable of monitoring analyte physiochemical properties such as binding sensitivity and selectivity, affinity constants and other dynamics of molecular recognition. The interface of a typical biosensor could range from natural antibodies to synthetic receptors for example molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). The foremost advantages of using MIPs are their high binding selectivity comparable to natural antibodies, straightforward synthesis in short time, high thermal/chemical stability and compatibility with different transducers. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonators are leading acoustic devices that are extensively used for mass-sensitive measurements. Highlight features of QCM devices include low cost fabrication, room temperature operation, and most importantly ability to monitor extremely low mass shifts, thus potentially a universal transducer. The combination of MIPs with quartz QCM has turned out as a prominent sensing system for label-free recognition of diverse bioanalytes. In this article, we shall encompass the potential applications of MIP-QCM sensors exclusively label-free recognition of bacteria and virus species as representative micro and nanosized bioanalytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujahid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Franz L Dickert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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A dye-sensitized solar cell acting as the electrical reading box of an immunosensor: Application to CEA determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Barton H, Berbel-Filho WM, Consuegra S, Francis L, Tizaoui C, Conlan RS, Teixeira SR. Ultrasensitive environmental assessment of xeno-estrogens in water samples using label-free graphene immunosensors. Anal Biochem 2018; 548:102-108. [PMID: 29501648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the possible environmental health impact posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A challenge to the field of endocrine disruption is that these substances are diverse and may not appear to share any structural similarity other than usually being low molecular mass (<1000 Da) compounds. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of sensor device for the detection of low molecular weight, poorly water soluble, estrogenic compounds E1, E2 and EE2, fabricated by electropolymerization over graphene screen printed electrode (SPE). The PANI/Gr-SPE-devices displayed linear responses to estrogenic substances, in EIS assays, from 0.0975 ng/L to 200 ng/L in water samples, with a detection limit of 0.043 pg/L for E1, 0.19 ng/L for E2 and 0.070 pg/L for EE2 which is lower than other current biosensing techniques. This portable, disposable immunosensor offers a solution for immediate measurement at sample collection sites, due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity when testing water samples obtained directly from rivers and waste water treatment facilities. The simple screen printing production method will enable the low cost, high volume production required for this type of environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Barton
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Waldir M Berbel-Filho
- College of Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- College of Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lewis Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Chedly Tizaoui
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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17
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Haslam C, Damiati S, Whitley T, Davey P, Ifeachor E, Awan SA. Label-Free Sensors Based on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for the Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Cancer Risk Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E5. [PMID: 29316718 PMCID: PMC5871988 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of label-free chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene field effect transistor (GFET) immunosensors for the sensitive detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein risk biomarker of certain cancers. The GFET sensors were fabricated on Si/SiO₂ substrate using photolithography with evaporated chromium and sputtered gold contacts. GFET channels were functionalised with a linker molecule to an immobile anti-hCG antibody on the surface of graphene. The binding reaction of the antibody with varying concentration levels of hCG antigen demonstrated the limit of detection of the GFET sensors to be below 1 pg/mL using four-probe electrical measurements. We also show that annealing can significantly improve the carrier transport properties of GFETs and shift the Dirac point (Fermi level) with reduced p-doping in back-gated measurements. The developed GFET biosensors are generic and could find applications in a broad range of medical diagnostics in addition to cancer, such as neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's ) and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Haslam
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Toby Whitley
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Paul Davey
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Ifeachor
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Shakil A Awan
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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18
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Quesada-González D, Merkoçi A. Nanomaterial-based devices for point-of-care diagnostic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4697-4709. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00837f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we have discussed the capabilities of nanomaterials for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and explained how these materials can help to strengthen, miniaturize and improve the quality of diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Quesada-González
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and BIST
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC and BIST
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
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19
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Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a glycoprotein secreted by placental trophoblast cells in pregnancy. HCG is a heterodimer composed of two different α- and β-subunits, with the latter being unique to HCG. As well as being the most important diagnostic markers for pregnancy, HCG is also a tumor marker, therefore, quantitative detection of HCG is of great value. Numerous advanced technologies have been developed for HCG concentration detection including electrochemical immunoassay, chemiluminescent immunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, resonance scattering spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, radioimmunoassay, MS and so on. Some have pursued simple and easy operation, while others have emphasized on accuracy and applications in clinical medicine. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various methods of detecting HCG.
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20
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Wang B, Akiba U, Anzai JI. Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers: A Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E1048. [PMID: 28672780 PMCID: PMC6152304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent progress in the development of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarkers. Because of their high electrical conductivity, high affinity to biomolecules, and high surface area-to-weight ratios, nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been used for fabricating electrochemical biosensors. Electrodes are often coated with nanomaterials to increase the effective surface area of the electrodes and immobilize a large number of biomolecules such as enzymes and antibodies. Alternatively, nanomaterials are used as signaling labels for increasing the output signals of cancer biomarker sensors, in which nanomaterials are conjugated with secondary antibodies and redox compounds. According to this strategy, a variety of biosensors have been developed for detecting cancer biomarkers. Recent studies show that using nanomaterials is highly advantageous in preparing high-performance biosensors for detecting lower levels of cancer biomarkers. This review focuses mainly on the protocols for using nanomaterials to construct cancer biomarker sensors and the performance characteristics of the sensors. Recent trends in the development of cancer biomarker sensors are discussed according to the nanomaterials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Uichi Akiba
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita 010-8502, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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21
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Mehta J, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj SK, Tuteja SK, Vinayak P, Paul A, Kim KH, Deep A. Graphene quantum dot modified screen printed immunosensor for the determination of parathion. Anal Biochem 2017; 523:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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The application of graphene for in vitro and in vivo electrochemical biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:224-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Syedmoradi L, Daneshpour M, Alvandipour M, Gomez FA, Hajghassem H, Omidfar K. Point of care testing: The impact of nanotechnology. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:373-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Wang H, Guo W, Pei M. A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on the composite of LPCs-SnS2 and AuNPs for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01774j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LPCs-SnS2 with a 3D conduction architecture was prepared by a facile hydrothermal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
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26
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A Graphene Oxide-Based Fluorescent Method for the Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101699. [PMID: 27754379 PMCID: PMC5087487 DOI: 10.3390/s16101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been regarded as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pregnancy and some cancers. Because the currently used methods (e.g., disposable Point of Care Testing (POCT) device) for hCG detection require the use of many less stable antibodies, simple and cost-effective methods for the sensitive and selective detection of hCG have always been desired. In this work, we have developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescent platform for the detection of hCG using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled hCG-specific binding peptide aptamer (denoted as FITC-PPLRINRHILTR) as the probe, which can be manufactured cheaply and consistently. Specifically, FITC-PPLRINRHILTR adsorbed onto the surface of GO via electrostatic interaction showed a poor fluorescence signal. The specific binding of hCG to FITC-PPLRINRHILTR resulted in the release of the peptide from the GO surface. As a result, an enhanced fluorescence signal was observed. The fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the hCG concentration in the range of 0.05–20 IU/mL. The detection limit was found to be 20 mIU/mL. The amenability of the strategy to hCG analysis in biological fluids was demonstrated by assaying hCG in the urine samples.
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27
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Cinti S, Arduini F. Graphene-based screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors and their applications: Efforts and criticisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:107-122. [PMID: 27522348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
K.S. Novoselov in his Nobel lecture (December 8, 2010), described graphene as "more than just a flat crystal" and summarized the best possible impression of graphene with (i) it is the first example of 2D atomic crystals, (ii) it demonstrated unique electronic properties, thanks to charge carriers which mimic massless relativistic particles, and (iii) it has promise for a number of applications. The fascinating and unusual properties of this 2D material were indeed recently investigated and exploited in several disciplines including physics, medicine, and chemistry, indicating the extremely versatile and polyedric aspect of this nanomaterial. The utilization of nanomaterials, printed technology, and microfluidics in electroanalysis has resulted in a period that can be called the "Electroanalysis Renaissance" (Escarpa, 2012) in which graphene is without any doubt a forefront nanomaterial. The rise in affordable fabrication processes, along with the great dispersing attitude in a plenty of matrices, have made graphene powerful in large-scale production of electrochemical platforms. Herein, we overview the employment of graphene to customize and/or fabricate printable based (bio)sensors over the past 5 years, including several modification approaches such as drop casting, screen- and inkjet-printing, different strategies of graphene-based sensing, and applications as well. The objective of this review is to provide a critical perspective related to advantages and disadvantages of using graphene in biosensing tools, based on screen-printed sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cinti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Huo X, Liu X, Liu J, Sukumaran P, Alwarappan S, Wong DKY. Strategic Applications of Nanomaterials as Sensing Platforms and Signal Amplification Markers at Electrochemical Immunosensors. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Huo
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004 P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004 P. R. China
| | - Preethi Sukumaran
- Bio-electrochemistry Group; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute; Karaikudi 630006, Tamilnadu India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Bio-electrochemistry Group; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute; Karaikudi 630006, Tamilnadu India
| | - Danny K. Y. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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29
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Tavares APM, Ferreira NS, Truta LAANA, Sales MGF. Conductive Paper with Antibody-Like Film for Electrical Readings of Biomolecules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26132. [PMID: 27210055 PMCID: PMC4876510 DOI: 10.1038/srep26132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a novel way of producing an inexpensive substrate support to assemble a sensing film, designed for the electrical transduction of an intended biomolecule. The support uses cellulose paper as substrate, made hydrophobic with solid wax and covered by a home-made conductive ink having graphite as core material. The hydrophobicity of the paper was confirmed by contact angle measurements and the conductive ink composition was optimized with regard to its adhesion, conductivity, and thermal stability. This support was further modified targeting its application in quantitative analysis. Carnitine (CRT) was selected as target compound, a cancer biomarker. The recognition material consisted of an antibody-like receptor film for CRT, tailored on the support and prepared by electrically-sustained polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) or dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of the polymeric film on the support, and the performance of the devices was extensively evaluated with regard to linear response ranges, selectivity, applicability, and reusability. Overall, the paper-based sensors offer simplicity of fabrication, low cost and excellent reusability features. The design could also be extended to other applications in electrical-based approaches to be used in point-of-care (POC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. M. Tavares
- BioMark-CINTESIS/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia S. Ferreira
- BioMark-CINTESIS/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - M. Goreti F. Sales
- BioMark-CINTESIS/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
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30
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Teixeira SR, Lloyd C, Yao S, Whitaker IS, Francis L, Conlan RS, Azzopardi E. Polyaniline-graphene based α-amylase biosensor with a linear dynamic range in excess of 6 orders of magnitude. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:395-402. [PMID: 27196256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
α-amylase is an established marker for diagnosis of pancreatic and salivary disease, and recent research has seen a substantial expansion of its use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications for infection, cancer and wound healing. The lack of bedside monitoring devices for α-amylase detection has hitherto restricted the clinical progress of such applications. We have developed a highly sensitive α-amylase immunosensor platform, produced via in situ electropolymerization of aniline onto a screen-printed graphene support (SPE). Covalently binding an α-amylase specific antibody to a polyaniline (PANI) layer and controlling device assembly using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we have achieved a highly linear response against α-amylase concentration. Each stage of the assembly was characterized using a suite of high-resolution topographical, chemical and mechanical techniques. Quantitative, highly sensitive detection was demonstrated using an artificially spiked human blood plasma samples. The device has a remarkably wide limit of quantification (0.025-1000IU/L) compared to α-amylase assays in current clinical use. With potential for simple scale up to volume manufacturing though standard semiconductor production techniques and subsequently clinical application, this biosensor will enable clinical benefit through early disease detection, and better informed administration of correct therapeutic dose of drugs used to treat α-amylase related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8QQ, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Catherine Lloyd
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8QQ, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Seydou Yao
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Lewis Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ernest Azzopardi
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
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31
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Zhao D, Yu Y, Xu C. A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin based on a hierarchical nanoporous AuAg alloy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive immunosensor for hCG detection is designed based on assembling the antibody on graphene sheets and ionic liquid composite film. The HNP-AuAg alloy is used as hCG antibody carrier for the preparation of a highly sensitive immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shandong Product Quality Inspection Research Institute
- Jinan
- China
| | - Caixia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
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Roushani M, Valipour A. Voltammetric immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotropin using a glassy carbon electrode modified with silver nanoparticles and a nanocomposite composed of graphene, chitosan and ionic liquid, and using riboflavin as a redox probe. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years, graphene has received widespread attention owing to its extraordinary electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical and structural properties. Lately, considerable interest has been focused on exploring the potential applications of graphene in life sciences, particularly in disease-related molecular diagnostics. In particular, the coupling of functional molecules with graphene as a nanoprobe offers an excellent platform to realize the detection of biomarkers, such as nucleic acids, proteins and other bioactive molecules, with high performance. This article reviews emerging graphene-based nanoprobes in electrical, optical and other assay methods and their application in various strategies of molecular diagnostics. In particular, this review focuses on the construction of graphene-based nanoprobes and their special advantages for the detection of various bioactive molecules. Properties of graphene-based materials and their functionalization are also comprehensively discussed in view of the development of nanoprobes. Finally, future challenges and perspectives of graphene-based nanoprobes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Chen
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China.
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Teixeira S, Conlan RS, Guy O, Sales MGF. Novel single-wall carbon nanotube screen-printed electrode as an immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotropin. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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