1
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Benny R, De S. Interplay between anti- anti and syn- anti conformations of thiourea modulating ON-OFF catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16767-16772. [PMID: 37902552 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and operation of a readily accessible two-state switch are demonstrated. The switch initially exists in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded self-locked state, as evidenced by the solution-state NMR and solid-state structure. The switch can be reversibly altered between anti-anti and syn-anti conformations by adding and removing Cu+ ions, as evidenced by the NMR and crystallographic study. The anti-anti form was found to be catalytically active in the Michael addition reaction, whereas the syn-anti form was catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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3
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Fu H, Pramanik S, Aprahamian I. Metal and Proton Relay-Controlled Hierarchical Multistep Switching Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19554-19560. [PMID: 37643319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals play an important role in many biological processes including cellular regulation and signal transduction. Emulating such processes on the molecular level, while challenging, can help us learn how to manipulate intermolecular communication, an important requirement for the development of solution-based molecular machines. In this work, we demonstrate a transition metal-based artificial multistep switching cascade that exhibits intrinsic hierarchical level control. The process starts with Zn(II), which initiates a transition metal relay by displacing a macrocycle-encapsulated Pd(II). The latter then binds to a hydrazone switch leading to coordination-coupled deprotonation (CCD). Finally, the proton generated through CCD activates the E/Z isomerization of a second noncoordinating pH-sensitive hydrazone switch. This whole multistep process can be reset to the original state by removing the Pd(II) from the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyifei Fu
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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4
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Andréasson J, Pischel U. Light-stimulated molecular and supramolecular systems for information processing and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. Reversible Multicomponent AND Gate Triggered by Stoichiometric Chemical Pulses Commands the Self-Assembly and Actuation of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7889-7897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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6
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Remón P, González D, Romero MA, Basílio N, Pischel U. Chemical signal cascading in a supramolecular network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3737-3740. [PMID: 32124901 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemically-triggered signalling cascade between cucurbituril host-guest complexes by means of multi-step competitive displacement is demonstrated. The inter-complex communication of chemical information yields the release of bio-relevant cargo, reminiscent of cellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Remón
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain.
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7
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Mittal N, Paul I, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Remote control of the reversible assembly/disassembly of supramolecular aggregates. Supramol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2020.1711907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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8
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Saha S, Biswas PK, Paul I, Schmittel M. Selective and reversible interconversion of nanosliders commanded by remote control via metal-ion signaling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14733-14736. [PMID: 31750846 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A multi-device network mainly consisting of two two-component nanosliders was formed by self-sorting of six components. Addition/removal of zinc(ii) ions reversibly reorganized the network by chemical signaling involving the translocation of copper(i) from a relay station followed by the selective disassembly/assembly of one of both multi-component devices. The thus liberated machine parts served to erect a three-component nanoslider alongside the other unchanged two-component nanoslider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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9
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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10
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Gaikwad S, Özer MS, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Three-state switching in a double-pole change-over nanoswitch controlled by redox-dependent self-sorting. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7956-7963. [PMID: 31408072 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The four-arm nanomechanical switch 1 with four different terminals exhibits two switching arms (contacts A and D) and two distinct stations for binding (contacts B and C). In switching State I, the azaterpyridine arm is intramolecularly coordinated to a zinc(ii) porphyrin station (connection A ↔ B) while contact D (a ferrocenylbipyridine unit) and contact C (phenanthroline) remain disconnected. After addition of copper(i) ions (State II) both connections A ↔ B and C ↔ D are established. Upon one-electron oxidation, double-pole change-over switching cleaves both connections A ↔ B & C ↔ D and establishes the new connection A ↔ C (State III). Fully reversible three-state switching (State I → State II → State III → State II → State I) was achieved by adding appropriate chemical and redox stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro-and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
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11
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8053-8057. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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12
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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13
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Paul I, Mittal N, De S, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Catch–Release System for Dosing and Recycling Silver(I) Catalyst with Status of Catalytic Activity Reported by Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5139-5143. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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14
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Dynamic Functional Molecular Systems: From Supramolecular Structures to Multi‐Component Machinery and to Molecular Cybernetics. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Abstract
In this paper we elaborate on recently developed molecular switch architectures and how these new systems can help with the realization of new functions and advancement of artificial molecular machines. Progress in chemically and photoinduced switches and motors is summarized and contextualized such that the reader may gain an appreciation for the novel tools that have come about in the past decade. Many of these systems offer distinct advantages over commonly employed switches, including improved fidelity, addressability, and robustness. Thus, this paper serves as a jumping-off point for researchers seeking new switching motifs for specific applications, or ones that address the limitations of presently available systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mark J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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16
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Schmittel M. Networking switches for smart functions using copper signaling and dynamic heteroleptic complexation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6654-6659. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This personal frontier account describes our recent progress in networking nanoswitches to generate emergent functions, such as catalytic machinery, and identifies the key impediments in mastering the paradigm shift from pure compounds to smart mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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17
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Gaikwad S, Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. A high-speed network of nanoswitches for on/off control of catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1786-1790. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) ion translocation is the key for fast and reliable communication between networked devices in the catalytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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18
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Goswami A, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Catalytically active nanorotor reversibly self-assembled by chemical signaling within an eight-component network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3955-3958. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an example of advanced molecular cybernetics eight components work together through chemical signaling reversibly setting up multifunctional nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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19
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From Self-Sorting of Dynamic Metal–Ligand Motifs to (Supra)Molecular Machinery in Action. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Remón
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus de El Carmen s/n 21071 Huelva Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Huelva; Campus de El Carmen s/n 21071 Huelva Spain
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21
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Samanta D, Paul I, Schmittel M. Supramolecular five-component nano-oscillator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9709-9712. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A five-component self-sorted metallo-supramolecular nano-oscillator was designed based on the full orthogonality of three different dynamic complexation motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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22
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Gaikwad S, Goswami A, De S, Schmittel M. Ein metallregulierter vierstufiger Nanoschalter zur Steuerung einer zweistufigen sequenziellen Katalyse in einem Elf-Komponenten-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Abir Goswami
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Soumen De
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Forschungszentrum für Mikro-/Nanochemie und Technologie (Cμ), Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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23
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Gaikwad S, Goswami A, De S, Schmittel M. A Metalloregulated Four-State Nanoswitch Controls Two-Step Sequential Catalysis in an Eleven-Component System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10512-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
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24
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Weber C, Liebig T, Gensler M, Zykov A, Pithan L, Rabe JP, Hecht S, Bléger D, Kowarik S. Cooperative Switching in Nanofibers of Azobenzene Oligomers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25605. [PMID: 27161608 PMCID: PMC4861954 DOI: 10.1038/srep25605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation molecular devices and machines demand the integration of molecular switches into hierarchical assemblies to amplify the response of the system from the molecular level to the meso- or macro-scale. Here, we demonstrate that multi-azobenzene oligomers can assemble to form robust supramolecular nanofibers in which they can be switched repeatedly between the E- and Z-configuration. While in isolated oligomers the azobenzene units undergo reversible photoisomerization independently, in the nanofibers they are coupled via intermolecular interactions and switch cooperatively as evidenced by unusual thermal and kinetic behavior. We find that the photoisomerization rate from the Z-isomer to the E-isomer depends on the fraction of Z-azobenzene in the nanofibers, and is increased by more than a factor of 4 in Z-rich fibers when compared to E-rich fibers. This demonstrates the great potential of coupling individual photochromic units for increasing their quantum efficiency in the solid state with potential relevance for actuation and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weber
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Liebig
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Gensler
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Zykov
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linus Pithan
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bléger
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kowarik
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Benson CR, Share AI, Marzo MG, Flood AH. Double Switching of Two Rings in Palindromic [3]Pseudorotaxanes: Cooperativity and Mechanism of Motion. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3767-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Benson
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew I. Share
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Matthew G. Marzo
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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26
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Scottwell SØ, Crowley JD. Ferrocene-containing non-interlocked molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2451-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene is chemically robust and readily functionalized which enables its facile incorporation into more complex molecular systems. This coupled with ferrocene's reversible redox properties and ability to function as a “molecular ball bearing” has led to the use of ferrocene as a component in wide range of non-interlocked synthetic molecular machine systems.
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27
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Abendroth JM, Bushuyev OS, Weiss PS, Barrett CJ. Controlling Motion at the Nanoscale: Rise of the Molecular Machines. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7746-68. [PMID: 26172380 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding and control of intra- and intermolecular interactions evolve, ever more complex molecular systems are synthesized and assembled that are capable of performing work or completing sophisticated tasks at the molecular scale. Commonly referred to as molecular machines, these dynamic systems comprise an astonishingly diverse class of motifs and are designed to respond to a plethora of actuation stimuli. In this Review, we outline the conditions that distinguish simple switches and rotors from machines and draw from a variety of fields to highlight some of the most exciting recent examples of opportunities for driven molecular mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable and hierarchical assembly of these molecular components to display measurable effects at the micro-, meso-, and macroscales. As in Nature, this strategy will lead to dramatic amplification of the work performed via the collective action of many machines organized in linear chains, on functionalized surfaces, or in three-dimensional assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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McConnell AJ, Wood CS, Neelakandan PP, Nitschke JR. Stimuli-Responsive Metal–Ligand Assemblies. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7729-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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29
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Schmittel M, De S, Pramanik S. Redox-dependent self-sorting toggles a rotary nanoswitch. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine–pyrimidine (py–pym) arm as the moving part of the two-state nanomechanical rotary switch [Cu(1)]+ is toggled reversibly between two stations using one-electron oxidation/reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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30
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Abstract
Ones and zeros can be handled by molecules through the input-control of their signaling features. The progress in this exciting field during the last five years is covered in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO – Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering
- Physical Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry
- University of Huelva
- E-21071 Huelva
- Spain
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31
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Schmittel M. From self-sorted coordination libraries to networking nanoswitches for catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14956-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This feature article sketches our long way from the development of dynamic heteroleptic coordination motifs to the self-sorting of multi-component libraries and finally the design of a new family of triangular nanomechanical switches, which are useful for ON–OFF control of catalysis and in bidirectional communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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32
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Scottwell SØ, Elliott ABS, Shaffer KJ, Nafady A, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Chemically and electrochemically induced expansion and contraction of a ferrocene rotor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8161-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A 2,2′-bipyridine-appended ferrocene rotor can be switched, upon treatment with [Cu(CH3CN)4](PF6) and 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine, from the stacked (syn) conformation to the unstacked (anti) conformation. The switching was completely reversible and could be triggered either chemically, or electrochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia B. S. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Karl J. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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