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Li S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Qian C, Wang J, Wu L, Dai C, Yuan H, Wan C, Li J, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Fully Integrated and High-Throughput Microfluidic System for Multiplexed Point-Of-Care Testing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401848. [PMID: 38940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
For every epidemic outbreak, the prevention and treatments in resource-limited areas are always out of reach. Critical to this is that high accuracy, stability, and more comprehensive analytical techniques always rely on expensive and bulky instruments and large laboratories. Here, a fully integrated and high-throughput microfluidic system is proposed for ultra-multiple point-of-care immunoassay, termed Dac system. Specifically, the Dac system only requires a handheld portable device to automatically recycle repetitive multi-step reactions including on-demand liquid releasing, dispensing, metering, collecting, oscillatory mixing, and discharging. The Dac system performs high-precision enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for up to 17 samples or targets simultaneously on a single chip. Furthermore, reagent consumption is only 2% compared to conventional ELISA, and microbubble-accelerated reactions shorten the assay time by more than half. As a proof of concept, the multiplexed detections are achieved by detecting at least four infection targets for two samples simultaneously on a singular chip. Furthermore, the barcode-based multi-target results can rapidly distinguish between five similar cases, allowing for accurate therapeutic interventions. Compared to bulky clinical instruments, the accuracy of clinical inflammation classification is 92.38% (n = 105), with a quantitative correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9838, while the clinical specificity is 100% and the sensitivity is 98.93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chungen Qian
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chenxi Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li S, Wan C, Xiao Y, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Wu L, Qian C, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Multiple on-line active valves based centrifugal microfluidics for dynamic solid-phase enrichment and purification of viral nucleic acid. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3158-3168. [PMID: 38787694 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Point of care testing (POCT) of nucleic acids holds significant importance in the realm of infectious disease prevention and control, as well as the advancement of personalized precision medicine. Nevertheless, conventional nucleic acid testing methods continue to face challenges such as prolonged detection times and dependence on extensive specialized equipment and personnel, rendering them unsuitable for point of care applications. Here, we proposed an innovative active centrifugal microfluidic system (ACMS) for automatic nucleic acid extraction, encompassing modules for active valve control and magnetic control. An on-chip centrifugal puncture valve (PV) was devised based on the elastic tolerance differences between silicone membranes and tinfoils to release pre-embedded liquid reagents on demand. Furthermore, we have utilized the returnable valve (RV) technology to accurately control the retention and release of liquids, leveraging the high elastic tolerance of the silicone membrane. By incorporating an online controllable magnetic valve, we have achieved controlled and rapid aggregation and dispersion of magnetic beads. The final chip encapsulates multiple reagents and magnetic beads necessary for nucleic acid extraction. Upon sample addition and loading into the instrument, automated on-chip sample loading and nucleic acid extraction, purification, and collection can be accomplished within 30 minutes, halving the overall operation time and even increasing the efficiency of pseudovirus extraction by three orders of magnitude. Consequently, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR amplification has successfully detected multiple targets of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (with an impressive detection limit as low as 10 copies per μL), along with targeted sequencing analysis yielding a conformity rate of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Changgen Liu
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chungen Qian
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Rasekh M, Harrison S, Schobesberger S, Ertl P, Balachandran W. Reagent storage and delivery on integrated microfluidic chips for point-of-care diagnostics. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:28. [PMID: 38825594 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based point-of-care diagnostics offer several unique advantages over existing bioanalytical solutions, such as automation, miniaturisation, and integration of sensors to rapidly detect on-site specific biomarkers. It is important to highlight that a microfluidic POC system needs to perform a number of steps, including sample preparation, nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection. Each of these stages involves mixing and elution to go from sample to result. To address these complex sample preparation procedures, a vast number of different approaches have been developed to solve the problem of reagent storage and delivery. However, to date, no universal method has been proposed that can be applied as a working solution for all cases. Herein, both current self-contained (stored within the chip) and off-chip (stored in a separate device and brought together at the point of use) are reviewed, and their merits and limitations are discussed. This review focuses on reagent storage devices that could be integrated with microfluidic devices, discussing further issues or merits of these storage solutions in two different sections: direct on-chip storage and external storage with their application devices. Furthermore, the different microvalves and micropumps are considered to provide guidelines for designing appropriate integrated microfluidic point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Rasekh
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Sam Harrison
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Silvia Schobesberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wamadeva Balachandran
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Sahu A, Kandaswamy S, Singh DV, Thyagarajan E, Parthasarathy AK, Naganna S, Dastidar TR. AI Driven Lab-on-Chip Cartridge for Automated Urinalysis. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100137. [PMID: 38657705 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2024.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
After haematology, urinalysis is the most common biological test performed in clinical settings. Hence, simplified workflow and automated analysis of urine elements are of absolute necessities. In the present work, a novel lab-on-chip cartridge (Gravity Sedimentation Cartridge) for the auto analysis of urine elements is developed. The GSC consists of a capillary chamber that uptakes a raw urine sample by capillary force and performs particles and cells enrichment within 5 min through a gravity sedimentation process for the microscopic examination. Centrifugation, which is necessary for enrichment in the conventional method, was circumvented in this approach. The AI100 device (Image based autoanalyzer) captures microscopic images from the cartridge at 40x magnification and uploads them into the cloud. Further, these images were auto-analyzed using an AI-based object detection model, which delivers the reports. These reports were available for expert review on a web-based platform that enables evidence-based tele reporting. A comparative analysis was carried out for various analytical parameters of the data generated through GSC (manual microscopy, tele reporting, and AI model) with the gold standard method. The presented approach makes it a viable product for automated urinalysis in point-of-care and large-scale settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sahu
- SigTuple Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharitha Naganna
- SigTuple Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102, India
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5
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Gandhi S, Shaulli X, Fock J, Scheffold F, Marie R. IgG and IgM differentiation in a particle-based agglutination assay by control over antigen surface density. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026124. [PMID: 38894961 PMCID: PMC11184967 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing offers fast and on-site diagnostics and can be crucial against many infectious diseases and in screening. One remaining challenge in serological POC testing is the quantification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Quantification of IgG/IgM can be important to evaluate immunity and to discriminate recent infections from past infections and primary infections from secondary infections. POC tests such as lateral flow immunoassays allow IgG and IgM differentiation; however, a remaining limitation is their incapacity to provide quantitative results. In this work, we show how samples containing IgG or IgM can be distinguished in a nanoparticle-based agglutination biosensing assay by tuning the density of antigens on the nanoparticles' surface. We employ direct STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy to quantify the accessible SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike proteins conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles at a single-particle level and gain insight into the protein distribution provided by the conjugation procedure. Furthermore, we measure the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM induced agglutination using an optomagnetic readout principle. We show that particles with high antigen density have a relatively higher sensitivity toward IgM compared to IgG, whereas low antigen density provides a relatively higher sensitivity to IgG. The finding paves the way for its implementation for other agglutination-based serology tests, allowing for more accurate disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanil Gandhi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xhorxhina Shaulli
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Qian C, Li P, Wang J, Hong X, Zhao X, Wu L, Miao Z, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Centrifugo-Pneumatic Reciprocating Flowing Coupled with a Spatial Confinement Strategy for an Ultrafast Multiplexed Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7145-7154. [PMID: 38656793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays serve as powerful diagnostic tools for early disease screening, process monitoring, and precision treatment. However, the current methods are limited by high costs, prolonged processing times (>2 h), and operational complexities that hinder their widespread application in point-of-care testing. Here, we propose a novel centrifugo-pneumatic reciprocating flowing coupled with spatial confinement strategy, termed PRCM, for ultrafast multiplexed immunoassay of pathogens on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Each chip consists of four replicated units; each unit allows simultaneous detection of three targets, thereby facilitating high-throughput parallel analysis of multiple targets. The PRCM platform enables sequential execution of critical steps such as solution mixing, reaction, and drainage by coordinating inherent parameters, including motor rotation speed, rotation direction, and acceleration/deceleration. By integrating centrifugal-mediated pneumatic reciprocating flow with spatial confinement strategies, we significantly reduce the duration of immune binding from 30 to 5 min, enabling completion of the entire testing process within 20 min. As proof of concept, we conducted a simultaneous comparative test on- and off-the-microfluidics using 12 negative and positive clinical samples. The outcomes yielded 100% accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thus highlighting the potential of our PRCM system for multiplexed point-of-care immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zeyu Miao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Okamoto S, Nagai M, Shibata T, Ukita Y. Automatic microdispenser-integrated multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay device with autonomously driven centrifugal microfluidic system. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13827-13836. [PMID: 38681832 PMCID: PMC11047056 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established the control and design theory of an autonomously driven dispenser at a steady rotation speed and proposed a dispenser-integrated multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) device. In establishing the theory of the dispenser, we estimated the flow rate in the dispenser and the applied pressure onto the passive valves, so that the suitable burst pressure of the valves and flow rate could be designed. The dispenser-integrated multiplex ELISA device has the potential to perform flow control for executing an ELISA of 6 samples/standards per chip or 18 samples/standards per compact disk by just steadily rotating a chip. In the immunoassay evaluation of the device using mouse IgG detection, it was confirmed that the device could assay 5 μL of several standards in just 30 min without nonspecific reactions, and although this system has a high limit of detection (LOD, 63.4-164 pg mL-1) it is equal to that of manual assay with a titer plate. The device can be fabricated by transferring the microchannel pattern from a mold without complex assembly or alignment, and it can control the liquid operation by just steadily rotating. Thus, the device system developed will contribute to reducing the cost of fabricating chips and control equipment for ELISA systems. Consequently, a compact, portable, and low-cost ELISA system for point-of-care testing is expected to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Okamoto
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Institute for Research on Next-generation Semiconductor and Sensing Science (IRES2) Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibata
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ukita
- University of Yamanashi, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research Japan
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Chen L, Zhu M, Wang Z, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Qi X, Shao Y, Zhang X, Wang H. A capillary-based centrifugal indicator equipped with in situ pathogenic bacteria culture for fast antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Analyst 2024; 149:2420-2427. [PMID: 38488061 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global health threat due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Rapid, affordable, and high-efficiency antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is among the effective means to solve this problem. Herein, we developed a capillary-based centrifugal indicator (CBCI) equipped with an in situ culture of pathogenic bacteria for fast AST. The bacterial incubation and growth were performed by macro-incubation, which seamlessly integrated the capillary indicator. Through simple centrifugation, all the bacterial cells were confined at the nanoliter-level capillary column. The packed capillary column height could linearly reflect the bacterial count, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined based on the difference in the column height between the drug-added groups and the control group. The AST results could easily be determined by the naked eye or smartphone imaging. Thus, the CBCI realized the combination of macro-bacterial incubation and early micro assessment, which accelerated the phenotypic AST without complex microscopic counting or fluorescent labelling. The whole operation process was simple and easy to use. AST results could be determined for E. coli ATCC strains within 3.5 h, and the output results for clinical samples were consistent with the hospital reports. We expect this AST platform to become a useful tool in limiting antimicrobial resistance, especially in remote/resource-limited areas or in underdeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Chen
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Meijia Zhu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, 100013, China
| | | | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Yifan Shao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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Dmytriv V, Bembenek M, Banha V, Dmytriv I, Dzienniak D, Nurkusheva S. Modeling of the Efficiency of the Centrifugal Conical Disk Dispenser of Bulk Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1815. [PMID: 38673171 PMCID: PMC11051175 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Centrifugal disk dispensers are widely used in various tasks of dosing bulk, dispersed materials. The design of the disk depends on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the dosing medium. The work discusses the development of an analytical model of the movement of a material particle along a conical centrifugal disk depending on the kinematic characteristics of the dosing process and the characteristics of the dosing material, as well as experimental confirmation of the theoretical model, which is relevant for the calculation and design of working elements of this type. The obtained system of differential equations is solved using the Runge-Kutta numerical method. Experimental studies were carried out using the method of a planned factorial experiment. The experiment was conducted for three factors at three levels. The feedback criterion was the performance of a centrifugal conical disk dispenser for bulk materials. The disk cone angle was set at 10, 20, and 30°. The disk diameter was 130, 150, and 170 mm, the gap between the disk and the edge of the hopper neck was 6, 8, and 10 mm, and the rotational speed of the conical disk was 0.65, 1.02, and 1.39 rad/s. The dispensing rate of the dispenser ranged from 15 to 770 g/s, depending on the values of the experimental factors. For use in the regression equation of the natural values of the factors, a method of transforming the terms of the equation from coded values to natural ones is provided. The obtained experimental correlation dependencies were checked for reproducibility with Cochrane's test, and the adequacy of the model was checked using Fisher's test. The significance of the coefficients in the correlation equation was evaluated using the Student's t-test. The difference between the experimental data and the results of the theoretical modeling does not exceed 5%. The obtained system of differential equations makes it possible to model the radial velocity of the ascent of bulk material from the conical rotating disk depending on the rotation frequency, disk diameter, and the height of the annular gap between the discharge throat of the hopper and the conical disk. The analytical model enables the modeling of the productivity of the conical dispenser for bulk materials for arbitrary parameters of rotation frequency, disk diameter, and the size of the annular gap between the discharge throat of the hopper and the conical disk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Dmytriv
- Department of Design Machine and Automotive Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Michał Bembenek
- Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Vasyl Banha
- Department of Design Machine and Automotive Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Ihor Dmytriv
- Department of Motor Vehicle Transport, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Damian Dzienniak
- Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Saltanat Nurkusheva
- Department of Organization of Transport, Traffic and Transport Operations, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satbaev 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Transport Equipment and Technologies, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis 62B, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
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10
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Williams DE, Li W, Chandrasekhar M, Corazza CMOW, Deijs GS, Djoko L, Govind B, Jose E, Kwon YJ, Lowe T, Panchal A, Reshef G, Vargas MJT, Simpson MC. Lab on a bead with oscillatory centrifugal microfluidics for fast and complete mixing enables fast and accurate biomedical assays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8637. [PMID: 38622241 PMCID: PMC11018808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid mixing and precise timing are key for accurate biomedical assay measurement, particularly when the result is determined as the rate of a reaction: for example rapid immunoassay in which the amount of captured target is kinetically determined; determination of the concentration of an enzyme or enzyme substrate; or as the final stage in any procedure that involves a capture reagent when an enzyme reaction is used as the indicator. Rapid mixing and precise timing are however difficult to achieve in point-of-care devices designed for small sample volumes and fast time to result. By using centrifugal microfluidics and transposing the reaction surface from a chamber to a single mm-scale bead we demonstrate an elegant and easily manufacturable solution. Reagents (which may be, for example, an enzyme, enzyme substrate, antibody or antigen) are immobilised on the surface of a single small bead (typically 1-2 mm in diameter) contained in a cylindrical reaction chamber subjected to periodically changing rotational accelerations which promote both mixing and uniform mass-transfer to the bead surface. The gradient of Euler force across the chamber resulting from rotational acceleration of the disc, dΩdisc/dt, drives circulation of fluid in the chamber. Oscillation of Euler force by oscillation of rotational acceleration with period, T, less than that of the hydrodynamic relaxation time of the fluid, folds the fluid streamlines. Movement of the bead in response to the fluid and the changing rotational acceleration provides a dynamically changing chamber shape, further folding and expanding the fluid. Bead rotation and translation driven by fluid flow and disc motion give uniformity of reaction over the surface. Critical parameters for mixing and reaction uniformity are the ratio of chamber radius to bead radius, rchamber/rbead, and the product Trchamber(dΩdisc/dt), of oscillation period and Euler force gradient across the fluid. We illustrate application of the concept using the reaction of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) immobilised on the bead surface with its substrate tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in solution. Acceleration from rest to break a hydrophobic valve provided precise timing for TMB contact with the bead. Solution uniformity from reaction on the surface of the bead in volumes 20-50 uL was obtained in times of 2.5 s or less. Accurate measurement of the amount of surface-bound HRP by model fitting to the measured kinetics of colour development at 10 s intervals is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Wei Li
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Gerrit Sjoerd Deijs
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lionel Djoko
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bhavesh Govind
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ellen Jose
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yong Je Kwon
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tiffany Lowe
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Anil Panchal
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Reshef
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Matheus J T Vargas
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd, 14 West St, Eden Terrace, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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11
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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12
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Geissler M, Brassard D, Adam N, Nasheri N, Pilar AVC, Tapp K, Clime L, Miville-Godin C, Mounier M, Nassif C, Lukic L, Malic L, Corneau N, Veres T. Centrifugal microfluidic system for colorimetric sample-to-answer detection of viral pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:668-679. [PMID: 38226743 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We describe a microfluidic system for conducting thermal lysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, hybridization, and colorimetric detection of foodborne viral organisms in a sample-to-answer format. The on-chip protocol entails 24 steps which are conducted by a centrifugal platform that allows for actuating liquids pneumatically during rotation and so facilitates automation of the workflow. The microfluidic cartridge is fabricated from transparent thermoplastic polymers and accommodates assay components along with an embedded micropillar array for detection and read-out. A panel of oligonucleotide primers and probes has been developed to perform PCR and hybridization assays that allows for identification of five different viruses, including pathogens such as norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a multiplexed format using digoxigenin-labelled amplicons and immunoenzymatic conversion of a chromogenic substrate. Using endpoint detection, we demonstrate that the system can accurately and repetitively (n = 3) discriminate positive and negative signals for HAV at 350 genome copies per μL. As part of the characterization and optimization process, we show that the implementation of multiple (e.g., seven) micropillar arrays in a narrow fluidic pathway can lead to variation (up to 50% or more) in the distribution of colorimetric signal deriving from the assay. Numerical modeling of flow behaviour was used to substantiate these findings. The technology-by virtue of automation-can provide a pathway toward rapid detection of viral pathogens, shortening response time in food safety surveillance, compliance, and enforcement as well as outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Brassard
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Nadine Adam
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Neda Nasheri
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ana Victoria C Pilar
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Kyle Tapp
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Liviu Clime
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Caroline Miville-Godin
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Maxence Mounier
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Christina Nassif
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Ljuboje Lukic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Lidija Malic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Corneau
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
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13
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Zhang J, Ma J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Miao M. A fully automated Lab-on-a-Disc platform integrated a high-speed triggered siphon valve for PBMCs extraction. Talanta 2024; 268:125292. [PMID: 37857105 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) are isolated from peripheral blood and identified as any blood cell with a round nucleus that exhibits immune responses and undergoes immunophenotypic changes upon exposure to various pathophysiological stimuli. Obtaining high-recovery and clinical-grade PBMCs without decreasing cell viability and causing stress is crucial for disease diagnosis and successful immunotherapy. However, traditional manual PBMCs extraction methods rely on manual intervention with less recovery rate and reliability. In this study, we introduced a novel and efficient strategy for the fully automated extraction of PBMCs based on a Lab-on-a-Disk (LoaD) platform. The centrifugal chip used percoll as density gradient media (DGM) for separation and extraction on account of the density difference of cells in whole blood, without labeling and any additional extra cellular filtration or cell lysis steps. Above all, we proposed a high-speed triggered siphon valve, which was closed under the speed of cell sedimentation and subsequently opened by increasing speed to complete the extraction of PBMCs. It can avoid the problem that previous siphon valves rely on unstable hydrophilic surface treatment and prime under low/zero speed conditions. With valves and the clock channel integrated on the chip, users can achieve fully automated collection of PBMCs. Compared with the clinical laboratory results, the recovery rate of extracted PBMCs was 80 %. The experimental results prove that the high-speed triggered siphon valve improves the extraction efficiency of PBMCs. The robust chips, which are not only simple to manufacture and assemble but also stable and reliable to use, have great potential in biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; GD Changguang Zhongke Bio Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; GD Changguang Zhongke Bio Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China.
| | - Mingshu Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
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14
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Julius LA, Torres Delgado SM, Mishra R, Kent N, Carthy E, Korvink JG, Mager D, Ducrée J, Kinahan DJ. Programmable fluidic networks on centrifugal microfluidic discs. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342159. [PMID: 38220291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical diagnostic and lab automation solutions built on the Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) platform has great potential due to their independence from specialised micro-pumps and their ease of integration, through direct pipetting, with manual or automated workflows. However, a challenge for all microfluidic chips is their cost of manufacture when each microfluidic disc must be customized for a specific application. In this paper, we present centrifugal discs with programmable fluidic networks. RESULTS Based on dissolvable film valves, we present two technologies. The first, based on recently introduced pulse-actuated dissolvable film valves, is a centrifugal disc which, depending on how it is loaded, is configured to perform either six sequential reagent releases through one reaction chamber or three sequential reagent releases through two reaction chambers. In the second approach, we use the previously introduced electronic Lab-on-a-Disc (eLoaD) wireless valve array, which can actuate up to 128 centrifugo-pneumatic dissolvable film valves in a pre-defined sequence. In this approach we present a disc which can deliver any one of 8 reagent washes to any one of four reaction chambers. We use identical discs to demonstrate the first four sequential washes through two reaction chambers and then two sequential washes through four reaction chambers. SIGNIFICANCE These programmable fluidic networks have the potential to allow a single disc architecture to be applied to multiple different assay types and so can offer a lower-cost and more integrated alternative to the standard combination of micro-titre plate and liquid handling robot. Indeed, it may even be possible to conduct multiple different assays concurrently. This can have the effect of reducing manufacturing costs and streamlining supply-chains and so results in a more accessible diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes An Julius
- Fraunhofer Project Center at Dublin City University (FPC@DCU), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sarai M Torres Delgado
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Lepolshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Fraunhofer Project Center at Dublin City University (FPC@DCU), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nigel Kent
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eadaoin Carthy
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Lepolshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Lepolshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David J Kinahan
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; I-Form, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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15
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Julius L, Saeed MM, Kuijpers T, Sandu S, Henihan G, Dreo T, Schoen CD, Mishra R, Dunne NJ, Carthy E, Ducrée J, Kinahan DJ. Low-High-Low Rotationally Pulse-Actuated Serial Dissolvable Film Valves Applied to Solid Phase Extraction and LAMP Isothermal Amplification for Plant Pathogen Detection on a Lab-on-a-Disc. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3262-3275. [PMID: 38284094 PMCID: PMC10809376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of the centrifugal Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) platform to closely mimic the "on bench" liquid handling steps (laboratory unit operations (LUOs)) such as metering, mixing, and aliquoting supports on-disc automation of bioassay without the need for extensive biological optimization. Thus, well-established bioassays, normally conducted manually using pipettes or using liquid handling robots, can be relatively easily automated in self-contained microfluidic chips suitable for use in point-of-care or point-of-use settings. The LoaD's ease of automation is largely dependent on valves that can control liquid movement on the rotating disc. The optimum valving strategy for a true low-cost and portable device is rotationally actuated valves, which are actuated by changes in the disc spin-speed. However, due to tolerances in disc manufacturing and variations in reagent properties, most of these valving technologies have inherent variation in their actuation spin-speed. Most valves are actuated through stepped increases in disc spin-speed until the motor reaches its maximum speed (rarely more than 6000 rpm). These manufacturing tolerances combined with this "analogue" mechanism of valve actuation limits the number of LUOs that can be placed on-disc. In this work, we present a novel valving mechanism called low-high-low serial dissolvable film (DF) valves. In these valves, a DF membrane is placed in a dead-end pneumatic chamber. Below an actuation spin-speed, the trapped air prevents liquid wetting and dissolving the membrane. Above this spin-speed, the liquid will enter and wet the DF and open the valve. However, as DFs take ∼40 s to dissolve, the membrane can be wetted, and the disc spin-speed reduced before the film opens. Thus, by placing valves in a series, we can govern on which "digital pulse" in spin-speeding a reagent is released; a reservoir with one serial valve will open on the first pulse, a reservoir with two serial valves on the second, and so on. This "digital" flow control mechanism allows the automation of complex assays with high reliability. In this work, we first describe the operation of the valves, outline the theoretical basis for their operation, and support this analysis with an experiment. Next, we demonstrate how these valves can be used to automate the solid-phase extraction of DNA on on-disc LAMP amplification for applications in plant pathogen detection. The disc was successfully used to extract and detect, from a sample lysed off-disc, DNA indicating the presence of thermally inactivated Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm), a bacterial pathogen on tomato leaf samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes
AN Julius
- Fraunhofer
Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Saeed
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Centre
for Research Training in Machine Learning (ML-Laboratories), Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Tim Kuijpers
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sergei Sandu
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Henihan
- Fraunhofer
Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Tanja Dreo
- National
Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cor D Schoen
- Wageningen
University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Fraunhofer
Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eadaoin Carthy
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School
of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - David J Kinahan
- National
Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- Biodesign
Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Schlanderer J, Hoffmann H, Lüddecke J, Golubov A, Grasse W, Kindler EV, Kohl TA, Merker M, Metzger C, Mohr V, Niemann S, Pilloni C, Plesnik S, Raya B, Shresta B, Utpatel C, Zengerle R, Beutler M, Paust N. Two-stage tuberculosis diagnostics: combining centrifugal microfluidics to detect TB infection and Inh and Rif resistance at the point of care with subsequent antibiotic resistance profiling by targeted NGS. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:74-84. [PMID: 37999937 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains the deadliest bacterial infectious disease, and spreading antibiotic resistances is the biggest challenge for combatting the disease. Rapid and comprehensive diagnostics including drug susceptibility testing (DST) would assure early treatment, reduction of morbidity and the interruption of transmission chains. To date, rapid genetic resistance testing addresses only one to four drug groups while complete DST is done phenotypically and takes several weeks. To overcome these limitations, we developed a two-stage workflow for rapid TB diagnostics including DST from a single sputum sample that can be completed within three days. The first stage is qPCR detection of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) including antibiotic resistance testing against the first-line antibiotics, isoniazid (Inh) and rifampicin (Rif). The test is automated by centrifugal microfluidics and designed for point of care (PoC). Furthermore, enriched MTBC DNA is provided in a detachable sample tube to enable the second stage: if the PCR detects MTBC and resistance to either Inh or Rif, the MTBC DNA is shipped to specialized facilities and analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) to assess the complete resistance profile. Proof-of-concept testing of the PoC test revealed an analytical sensitivity of 44.2 CFU ml-1, a diagnostic sensitivity of 96%, and a diagnostic specificity of 100% for MTBC detection. Coupled tNGS successfully provided resistance profiles, demonstrated for samples from 17 patients. To the best of our knowledge, the presented combination of PoC qPCR with tNGS allows for the fastest comprehensive TB diagnostics comprising decentralized pathogen detection with subsequent resistance profiling in a facility specialized in tNGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Hoffmann
- SYNLAB Gauting SYNLAB Human Genetics Munich, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Jan Lüddecke
- Hahn-Schickard, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Golubov
- WHO supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, IML red, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas A Kohl
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Mohr
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Claudia Pilloni
- WHO supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, IML red, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Sara Plesnik
- WHO supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, IML red, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Bijendra Raya
- German Nepal Tuberculosis Project (GENETUP), Nepal Anti-Tuberculosis Association (NATA), Kalimati, Nepal
| | - Bhawana Shresta
- German Nepal Tuberculosis Project (GENETUP), Nepal Anti-Tuberculosis Association (NATA), Kalimati, Nepal
| | - Christian Utpatel
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Beutler
- WHO supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, IML red, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Qiu G, Zhang X, deMello AJ, Yao M, Cao J, Wang J. On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8531-8579. [PMID: 37882143 PMCID: PMC10712221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Human-infecting pathogens that transmit through the air pose a significant threat to public health. As a prominent instance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in an unprecedented manner over the past few years. Despite the dissipating pandemic gloom, the lessons we have learned in dealing with pathogen-laden aerosols should be thoroughly reviewed because the airborne transmission risk may have been grossly underestimated. From a bioanalytical chemistry perspective, on-site airborne pathogen detection can be an effective non-pharmaceutic intervention (NPI) strategy, with on-site airborne pathogen detection and early-stage infection risk evaluation reducing the spread of disease and enabling life-saving decisions to be made. In light of this, we summarize the recent advances in highly efficient pathogen-laden aerosol sampling approaches, bioanalytical sensing technologies, and the prospects for airborne pathogen exposure measurement and evidence-based transmission interventions. We also discuss open challenges facing general bioaerosols detection, such as handling complex aerosol samples, improving sensitivity for airborne pathogen quantification, and establishing a risk assessment system with high spatiotemporal resolution for mitigating airborne transmission risks. This review provides a multidisciplinary outlook for future opportunities to improve the on-site airborne pathogen detection techniques, thereby enhancing the preparedness for more on-site bioaerosols measurement scenarios, such as monitoring high-risk pathogens on airplanes, weaponized pathogen aerosols, influenza variants at the workplace, and pollutant correlated with sick building syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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18
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Kim S, Kim R, Song J, Yoon J, Park HG. Fully Automated Multiple Standard Addition on a Centrifugal Microfluidic System. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17629-17636. [PMID: 37976500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a novel centrifugal microfluidic system to achieve multiple standard additions, which could minimize the effects of matrix interference and consequently lead to more accurate and reliable measurements of analyte concentrations in complex samples. The system leverages laser-irradiated ferrowax microvalves to automatically control fluid transfer on the disc without the need for external pumps or pressure systems, simplifying the procedures and eliminating the need for manual intervention. The disc incorporates metering chambers with rationally designed varying sizes, which could lead to the formation of six standard addition samples very rapidly in just 2.5 min. The final solutions are designed to contain a target component at gradually increasing concentrations but have an equal final volume containing the same amount of an analyte solution, thereby equalizing the matrix effect that is supposedly caused by the unknown components in the analyte solution. By utilizing this design principle, we were able to successfully quantify a model target component, salivary thiocyanate ions, that could be used as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke. Our centrifugal microfluidic system holds great promise as a powerful analytical tool to achieve fully automated diagnostic microsystems involving a standard addition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Infectious Disease Vaccine and Diagnosis Innovation, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - RaKyeom Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Junhyeok Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Carthy É, Hughes B, Higgins E, Early P, Merne C, Walsh D, Parle-McDermott A, Kinahan DJ. Automated solid phase DNA extraction on a lab-on-a-disc with two-degrees of freedom instrumentation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341859. [PMID: 37858565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lab-on-a-disc (LoaD) technology has emerged as a transformative approach for point-of-care diagnostics and high-throughput testing. The promise of integrating multiple laboratory functions onto a single integrated platform has significant implications for healthcare, especially in resource-limited settings. However, one of the primary challenges faced in the design and manufacture of LoaD devices is the integration of effective valving mechanisms. These valves are essential for fluid control and routing, but their intricacy often leads to complexities in design and increased vulnerability to failure. This emphasizes the need for improved designs and manufacturing processes without complex, integrated valving mechanisms. (96) RESULTS: We describe a fully automated biological workflow and reagent actuation on a LoaD device without an integrated valving system. The Two Degrees-of-Freedom (2DoF) custom centrifuge alters the centre of rotation, facilitating fluid flow direction changes on the microfluidic platform through a custom programmed interface. A novel 360-degree fluid manipulation approach via secondary planetary gear motion enabled sequential assay reagent actuation without embedded valve triggering, with the addition of infinite incubation times and efficient use of platform realty. The simplified LoaD platform uses clever design, with intermediate flow chambers to avoid cross contamination between reagent steps. Notably, the optimized LoaD platform demonstrated a two-fold DNA yield at higher HEK-293 cell concentrations compared to commercially available spin-column kits. This significantly simplified LoaD platform successfully automated a common, complex workflow without inhibiting DNA purification. (129) SIGNIFICANCE: This system exhibits the clever coupling of both 2DoF and centrifugal microfluidics to create an autonomous testing package capable of eradicating the need for complex valving systems to automate biological workflows on LoaDs. This automated system has outperformed commercially available DNA extraction kits for higher cell counts. The platform's elimination of valve requirements ensures unlimited sample incubation times and enhances reliability, making it a straightforward option for automated biological workflows, particularly in diagnostics. (73).
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadaoin Carthy
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brian Hughes
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Higgins
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phil Early
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian Merne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren Walsh
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Parle-McDermott
- National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Kinahan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Khodadadi R, Pishbin E, Eghbal M, Abrinia K. Real-time monitoring and actuation of a hybrid siphon valve for hematocrit-independent plasma separation from whole blood. Analyst 2023; 148:5456-5468. [PMID: 37750420 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidics have emerged as a pivotal area of research spanning multiple domains, including medicine and chemistry. Among passive valving strategies, siphon valves have gained prominence due to their inherent simplicity and self-reliance, eliminating the need for external equipment. However, achieving optimal valve performance mandates supplementary elements like surface adjustments or pneumatic pressure. These introduce intricacies such as time-dependent behavior and augmented spatial demands. This research introduces inventive design and manufacturing methodologies to amplify siphon valve functionality. Our proposed innovation situates the siphon microchannel on the external surface of the primary chamber, linked via an inlet. The crux of novelty lies in the adaptable material selection for the microchannel's upper or lower surfaces, allowing the integration of hydrophilic materials such as glass or super hydrophilic coverslips, ensuring a leakage-free operation. Our approach offers a streamlined concept and manufacturing process, ensures consistent time-independent functionality, and accommodates the integration of multiple siphon valves within a solitary chamber, tailored for specific applications. Experimental evaluations validate a robust alignment between acquired data and analytical outcomes based on a modified equation. A customized disc is engineered, featuring four siphon valves meticulously calibrated for hematocrit (HCT) levels spanning from 20% to 50% at 10% intervals. Harnessing these valves yields a substantial surge in plasma separation efficiency, scaling up to 75%. Notably, this performance eclipses traditional single-valve reliant microfluidic methodologies, achieving a purity level exceeding 99% in plasma separation. These findings underscore the auspicious practical applicability of our proposed technique in plasma separation, fostering heightened platelet concentration, and expediting blood sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khodadadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Eghbal
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Karen Abrinia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Early PL, Kilcawley NA, McArdle NA, Renou M, Kearney SM, Mishra R, Dimov N, Glynn MT, Ducrée J, Kinahan DJ. Digital process control of multi-step assays on centrifugal platforms using high-low-high rotational-pulse triggered valving. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291165. [PMID: 37682949 PMCID: PMC10490917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their capability for comprehensive sample-to-answer automation, the interest in centrifugal microfluidic systems has greatly increased in industry and academia over the last quarter century. The main applications of these "Lab-on-a-Disc" (LoaD) platforms are in decentralised bioanalytical point-of-use / point-of-care testing. Due to the unidirectional and omnipresent nature of the centrifugal force, advanced flow control is key to coordinate multi-step / multi-reagent assay formats on the LoaD. Formerly, flow control was often achieved by capillary burst valves which require gradual increments of the spin speed of the system-innate spindle motor. Recent advanced introduced a flow control scheme called 'rotational pulse actuated valves'. In these valves the sequence of valve actuation is determined by the architecture of the disc while actuation is triggered by freely programmable upward spike (i.e. Low-High-Low (LHL)) in the rotational frequency. This paradigm shift from conventional 'analogue' burst valves to 'digital' pulsing significantly increases the number of sequential while also improving the overall robustness of flow control. In this work, we expand on these LHL valves by introducing High-Low-High (HLH) pulse-actuated (PA) valving which are actuated by 'downward' spike in the disc spin-rate. These HLH valves are particularly useful for high spin-rate operations such as centrifugation of blood. We introduce two different HLH architectures and then combine the most promising with LHL valves to implement the time-dependent liquid handling protocol underlying a common liver function test panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Early
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh A. Kilcawley
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh A. McArdle
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marine Renou
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- Telecom Physique Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sinéad M. Kearney
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rohit Mishra
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nikolay Dimov
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Macdara T. Glynn
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J. Kinahan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Serioli L, Ishimoto A, Yamaguchi A, Zór K, Boisen A, Hwu ET. APELLA: Open-Source, miniaturized All-in-One powered Lab-on-a-Disc platform. HARDWAREX 2023; 15:e00449. [PMID: 37457307 PMCID: PMC10339059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an unconventional approach to a common Lab-on-a-Disc (LoD) that combines a quadcopter propulsion system, a miniaturized 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi spy camera, 9.74 Watt Qi wireless power, and an Arduino into an open-source, miniaturized All-in-one powered lab-on-disc platform (APELLA). The quadcopter propulsion generates thrust to rotate (from 0.1 to 24.5 Hz) or shake the LoD device, while the spy camera enables a real-time (30 frames per second) and high definition (1280 × 720 pixels) visualization of microfluidic channels without requiring a bulky and heavy stroboscopic imaging setup. A mobile device can communicate with an Arduino microcontroller inside the APELLA through a Bluetooth interface for closed loop and sequential frequency control. In a proof-of-concept study, the APELLA achieved comparable mixing efficiency to a traditional spin stand and can capture rapid microfluidic events at low rotational frequencies (<5Hz). The APELLA is low-cost (c.a. 100 Euro), compact (15.6 × 15.6 × 10 cm3), lightweight (0.59 kg), portable (powered by a 5 V USB power bank), and energy efficient (uses < 6% power of the conventional system), making it ideal for field deployment, education, resource-limited labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Atsushi Ishimoto
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry (LASTI), University of Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry (LASTI), University of Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
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23
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Shih CH, Ke CH, Hsiao CC. Liquid chromatography on a centrifugal platform for separation and collection of water-soluble dyes. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464211. [PMID: 37480725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase chromatographic process is developed on a centrifugal platform to separate and collect water-soluble dyes from a mixture. A separation column filled with C18-reversed phase silica gel was used to separate the components from a mixture and the eluate was collected by a series of collecting chambers. The purified components can then be identified and extracted from the collecting chambers. The effects of the silica gel's particle size (7-10, 20-45, and 46-63 µm) and the platform's rotational speed (1000, 1500, 2000 RPM) on the separation and collection efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that dye separation could be well performed in the column with smaller-sized silica gels (7-10 µm) under a low rotational speed (1000 RPM). However, for the eluate collection, the high eluent flowrate and long processing time resulted in a convective band-broadening problem in the collecting chambers, which affected the recovery ratio of the dyes. Experimental results showed that the convective band broadening effect can be reduced by reducing the flowrate, shortening the collecting time, and switching the eluent to a different composition. The best recovery ratio of the dyes in the current design can be achieved by using the column with a powder size distribution of 46-63 µm and operating at the rotational speed of 1500 RPM. This platform can process a sample volume of 1 μL and the processing time is about 30 min. Since the only instrument used is a motor, the complete chromatographic process, from separation to fraction collection, can be carried out on a centrifugal platform at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhua Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Hui Ke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhua Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhua Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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24
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Suarez GD, Bayer S, Tang YYK, Suarez DA, Cheung PPH, Nagl S. Rapid microfluidics prototyping through variotherm desktop injection molding for multiplex diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3850-3861. [PMID: 37534874 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive method of prototyping microfluidics using a desktop injection molding machine. A centrifugal microfluidic device with a novel central filling mechanism was developed to demonstrate the technique. We overcame the limitations of desktop machines in replicating microfluidic features by variotherm heating and cooling the mold between 50 °C and 110 °C within two minutes. Variotherm heating enabled good replication of microfeatures, with a coefficient of variation averaging only 3.6% attained for the measured widths of 100 μm wide molded channels. Using this methodology, we produced functional polystyrene centrifugal microfluidic chips, capable of aliquoting fluids into 5.0 μL reaction chambers with 97.5% accuracy. We performed allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (AS-LAMP) reactions for genotyping CYP2C19 alleles on these chips. Readouts were generated using optical pH sensors integrated onto chips, by drop-casting sensor precursor solutions into reaction chambers before final chip assembly. Positive reactions could be discerned by decreases in pH sensor fluorescence, thresholded against negative control reactions lacking the primers for nucleic acid amplification and with time-to-results averaging 38 minutes. Variotherm desktop injection molding can enable researchers to prototype microfluidic devices more cost-effectively, in an iterative fashion, due to reduced costs of smaller, in-house molds. Designs prototyped this way can be directly translated to mass production, enhancing their commercialization potential and positive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco D Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Steevanson Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuki Yu Kiu Tang
- Quommni Technologies Limited, Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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25
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Qian C, Wan C, Li S, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Gao S, Wu L, Zhou M, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. On-Line Dual-Active Valves Based Centrifugal Microfluidic Chip for Fully Automated Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12521-12531. [PMID: 37556853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for a fully integrated microfluidic platform that can automatically perform multistep and multireagent immunoassays. Here, we proposed a novel online dual-active valve-based centrifugal microfluidic chip, termed DAVM, for fully automatic point-of-care immunoassay. Practically, the puncture valve, one of the dual active valves, is capable of achieving precise, on-demand, sequential release of prestored reagents, while the other valve-reversible active valve enables controlled retention and drainage of the reaction solutions. Thereby, our technology mitigates the challenges of hydrophilic/hydrophobic modifications and unstable valve control performance commonly observed in passive valve controls. As a proof of concept, the indirect enzymatic immunoblotting technique was employed on DAVM for fully automated immunological analysis of eight targets, yielding outcomes within an hour. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of 28 clinical samples with autoimmune diseases. According to 224 clinical data, the sample testing concordance rate between DAVM and the traditional instrument was 82%, with a target compliance rate of 97%. Therefore, our DAVM system has powerful potential for fully automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Vargas MJT, Nieuwoudt MK, Arul R, Williams DE, Simpson MC. Direct laser writing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic valves in the same material applied to centrifugal microfluidics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22302-22314. [PMID: 37497087 PMCID: PMC10366570 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilize nanosecond and femtosecond direct laser writing for the generation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic microfluidic valves on a centrifugal microfluidic disk made of polycarbonate, without the need for wet-chemistry. Application of a femtosecond (fs) laser at 800 nm resulted in an increased contact angle, from ∼80° to ∼160°, thereby inducing the formation of a hydrophobic surface. In contrast, employing a nanosecond (ns) laser at 248 nm led to the formation of superhydrophilic surfaces. Morphological studies identified the enhancement in the surface roughness for the hydrophobic surfaces and the creation of smooth patterns for the hydrophilic surfaces. Chemical modifications in the laser-ablated samples were confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. These spectroscopic examinations revealed an increase of hydrophilic chemical groups on both surfaces, with a more pronounced increase on the nanosecond laser-modified surface. Furthermore, these surfaces were used as a case study for centrifugal microfluidic valves. These modified surfaces demonstrated peculiar pressure responses. Specifically, the hydrophobic valves necessitated a 29% increase in pressure for droplet passage through a microchannel. On the other hand, the superhydrophilic valves exhibited enhanced wettability, decreasing the pressure requirement for fluid flow through the modified area by 39%. However, similarly to the hydrophobic valves, the fluid exiting the hydrophilic valve area required an increased pressure. Overall, our study shows the potential for tailoring valve functionality in microfluidic systems through precise surface modifications using laser technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus J T Vargas
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd 14 West Street, Eden Terrace Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Photon Factory, University of Auckland 38 Princes St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Bldg. 302, 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Michel K Nieuwoudt
- Photon Factory, University of Auckland 38 Princes St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Bldg. 302, 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Photon Factory, University of Auckland 38 Princes St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thompson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - David E Williams
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd 14 West Street, Eden Terrace Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Bldg. 302, 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- Orbis Diagnostics Ltd 14 West Street, Eden Terrace Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Photon Factory, University of Auckland 38 Princes St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland 38 Princes Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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27
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Romero Deza AA, Schaumburg F, Berli CLA. Valveless On-Chip Aliquoting for Molecular Diagnosis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1425. [PMID: 37512736 PMCID: PMC10386703 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nucleic acids as specific markers of infectious diseases is commonly implemented in molecular biology laboratories. The translation of these benchtop assays to a lab-on-a-chip format demands huge efforts of integration and automation. The present work is motivated by a strong requirement often posed by molecular assays that combine isothermal amplification and CRISPR/Cas-based detection: after amplification, a 2-8 microliter aliquot of the reaction products must be taken for the subsequent reaction. In order to fulfill this technical problem, we have designed and prototyped a microfluidic device that is able to meter and aliquot in the required range during the stepped assay. The operation is achieved by integrating a porous material that retains the desired amount of liquid after removing the excess reaction products, an innovative solution that avoids valving and external actuation. The prototypes were calibrated and experimentally tested to demonstrate the overall performance (general fluidics, metering, aliquoting, mixing and reaction). The proposed aliquoting method is fully compatible with additional functions, such as sample concentration or reagent storage, and could be further employed in alternative applications beyond molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Schaumburg
- Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Claudio L A Berli
- Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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28
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Serioli L, Gruzinskyte L, Zappalà G, Hwu ET, Laksafoss TZ, Jensen PL, Demarchi D, Müllertz A, Boisen A, Zór K. Moving perfusion culture and live-cell imaging from lab to disc: proof of concept toxicity assay with AI-based image analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1603-1612. [PMID: 36790123 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell-based assays are essential in diagnostics and drug development. There are ongoing efforts to establish new technologies that enable real-time detection of cell-drug interaction during culture under flow conditions. Our compact (10 × 10 × 8.5 cm) cell culture and microscope on disc (CMoD) platform aims to decrease the application barriers of existing lab-on-a-chip (LoC) approaches. For the first time in a centrifugal device, (i) cells were cultured for up to six days while a spindle motor facilitated culture medium perfusion, and (ii) an onboard microscope enabled live bright-field imaging of cells while the data wirelessly transmitted to a computer. The quantification of cells from the acquired images was done using artificial intelligence (AI) software. After optimization, the obtained cell viability data from the AI-based image analysis proved to correlate well with data collected from commonly used image analysis software. The CMoD was also suitable for conducting a proof-of-concept toxicity assay with HeLa cells under continuous flow. The half-maximal inhibitory time (IT50) for various concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) in the case of HeLa cells in flow, was shown to be lower than the IT50 obtained from a static cytotoxicity assay, indicating a faster onset of cell death in flow. The CMoD proved to be easy to handle, enabled cell culture and monitoring without assistance, and is a promising tool for examining the dynamic processes of cells in real-time assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Lina Gruzinskyte
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Zappalà
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Trygvi Zachariassen Laksafoss
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | | | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
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Mishra R, Julius LA, Condon J, Pavelskopfa P, Early PL, Dorrian M, Mrvova K, Henihan G, Mangwanya F, Dreo T, Ducrée J, Macdonald NP, Schoen C, Kinahan DJ. Plant pathogen detection on a lab-on-a-disc using solid-phase extraction and isothermal nucleic acid amplification enabled by digital pulse-actuated dissolvable film valves. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1258:341070. [PMID: 37087288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of its ruggedness, portability, rapid processing times, and ease-of-use, academic and commercial interest in centrifugal microfluidic systems has soared over the last decade. A key advantage of the LoaD platform is the ability to automate laboratory unit operations (LUOs) (mixing, metering, washing etc.) to support direct translation of 'on-bench' assays to 'on-chip'. Additionally, the LoaD requires just a low-cost spindle motor rather than specialized and expensive microfluidic pumps. Furthermore, when flow control (valves) is implemented through purely rotational changes in this same spindle motor (rather than using additional support instrumentation), the LoaD offers the potential to be a truly portable, low-cost and accessible platform. Current rotationally controlled valves are typically opened by sequentially increasing the disc spin-rate to a specific opening frequency. However, due lack of manufacturing fidelity these specific opening frequencies are better described as spin frequency 'bands'. With low-cost motors typically having a maximum spin-rate of 6000 rpm (100 Hz), using this 'analogue' approach places a limitation on the number of valves, which can be serially actuated thus limiting the number of LUOs that can be automated. In this work, a novel flow control scheme is presented where the sequence of valve actuation is determined by architecture of the disc while its timing is governed by freely programmable 'digital' pulses in its spin profile. This paradigm shift to 'digital' flow control enables automation of multi-step assays with high reliability, with full temporal control, and with the number of LUOs theoretically only limited by available space on the disc. We first describe the operational principle of these valves followed by a demonstration of the capability of these valves to automate complex assays by screening tomato leaf samples against plant pathogens. Reagents and lysed sample are loaded on-disc and then, in a fully autonomous fashion using only spindle-motor control, the complete assay is automated. Amplification and fluorescent acquisition take place on a custom spin-stand enabling the generation of real-time LAMP amplification curves using custom software. To prevent environmental contamination, the entire discs are sealed from atmosphere following loading with internal venting channels permitting easy movement of liquids about the disc. The disc was successfully used to detect the presence of thermally inactivated Clavibacter michiganensis. Michiganensis (CMM) bacterial pathogen on tomato leaf samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mishra
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lourdes An Julius
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jack Condon
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricija Pavelskopfa
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip L Early
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Dorrian
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katarina Mrvova
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Henihan
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Faith Mangwanya
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanya Dreo
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor Schoen
- Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David J Kinahan
- Fraunhofer Project Centre at Dublin City University, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland; National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
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31
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Turiello R, Nouwairi RL, Landers JP. Taking the microfluidic approach to nucleic acid analysis in forensics: Review and perspectives. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 63:102824. [PMID: 36592574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forensic laboratories are universally acknowledged as being overburdened, underfunded, and in need of improved analytical methods to expedite investigations, decrease the costs associated with nucleic acid (NA) analysis, and perform human identification (HID) at the point of need (e.g., crime scene, booking station, etc.). In response, numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have resulted in microfluidic tools that automate portions of the forensic genetic workflow, including DNA extraction, amplification, and short tandem repeat (STR) typing. By the early 2000 s, reports from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) anticipated that microfluidic 'swab-in-profile-out' systems would be available for use at the crime scene by 2015 and the FBI's 2010 'Rapid DNA' Initiative, approved by Congress in 2017, directed this effort by guiding the development and implementation of maturing systems. At present, few fully-automated microfluidic DNA technologies are commercially available for forensic HID and their adoption by agencies interested in identification has been limited. In practice, the integration of complex laboratory processes to produce one autonomous unit, along with the highly variable nature of forensic input samples, resulted in systems that are more expensive per sample and not comparable to gold-standard identification methods in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and multiplex capability. This Review and Perspective provides insight into the contributing factors to this outcome; namely, we focus on the complications associated with the tremendous undertaking that is developing a sample-in-answer-out platform for HID. For context, we also describe the intricate forensic landscape that contributes to a nuanced marketplace, not easily distilled down to cases of simple supply and demand. Moving forward and considering the trade-offs associated with developing methods to compete, sometimes directly, with conventional ones, we recommend a focus shift for microfluidics developers toward the creation of innovative solutions for emerging applications in the field to increase the bandwidth of the forensic investigative toolkit. Likewise, we urge case working personnel to reframe how they conceptualize the currently available Rapid DNA tools; rather than comparing these microfluidic methods to gold-standard procedures, take advantage of their rapid and integrated modes for those situations requiring expedited identifications in an informed manner.
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32
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Schlenker F, Juelg P, Lüddecke J, Paust N, Zengerle R, Hutzenlaub T. Nanobead handling on a centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk for automated extraction of cell-free circulating DNA with high recovery rates. Analyst 2023; 148:932-941. [PMID: 36722841 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
cfDNA is an emerging biomarker with promising uses for the monitoring of cancer or infectious disease diagnostics. This work demonstrates a new concept for an automated cfDNA extraction with nanobeads as the solid phase in a centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk. By using a combination of centrifugal and magnetic forces, we retain the nanobeads in one incubation chamber while sequentially adding, incubating and removing the sample and pre-stored buffers for extraction. As the recovery rate of the typically low concentration of cfDNA is of high importance to attain sufficient amounts for analysis, optimal beadhandling is paramount. The goal is that the cfDNA in the sample adsorbs to the solid phase completely during the binding step, is retained during washing and completely removed during elution. In this work, we improved beadhandling by optimizing the incubation chamber geometry and both frequency and temperature protocols, to maximize recovery rates. For characterization of the extraction performance, synthetic mutant DNA was spiked into human plasma samples. The LabDisk showed better reproducibility in DNA recovery rates with a standard deviation of ±13% compared to a manual approach using spin-columns (±17%) or nanobeads (±26%). The extraction of colorectal cancer samples with both the developed LabDisk and a robotic automation instrument resulted in comparable allele frequencies. Consequently, we present a highly attractive solution for an automated liquid biopsy cfDNA extraction in a small benchtop device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüddecke
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Advances in unusual interfacial polymerization techniques. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Park D, Osuji CO, Kim JW. Multi-Compartmentalized Cellulose Macrobead Catalysts for In Situ Organic Reaction in Aqueous Media. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201195. [PMID: 36538725 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a promising approach to fabricate bacterial cellulose (BC)-based macrobead catalysts with improved catalytic activities and recyclability for organic reactions in aqueous media. To this end, the consecutive extrusion and gelation of BC precursor fluids is conducted using a combined micronozzle device to compartmentalize the resulting BC macrobeads in a programmed manner. The use of BCs laden with Au and Pd nanoparticles (NPs), and Fe3 O4 NPs led to the production of catalytically and magnetically compartmentalized BC macrobeads, respectively. Through the model reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using NaBH4 , it is finally demonstrated that the BC macrobead catalysts not only enhance catalytic activities while exhibiting high reaction yields (>99%) in aqueous media, but also repeatedly retrieve the products with ease in response to the applied magnetic field, enabling the establishment of a useful green catalyst platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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35
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Ding S, Duan S, Chen Y, Xie J, Tian J, Li Y, Wang H. Centrifugal microfluidic platform with digital image analysis for parallel red cell antigen typing. Talanta 2023; 252:123856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Diao Z, Kan L, Zhao Y, Yang H, Song J, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhang F, Xu T, Chen R, Ji Y, Wang X, Jing X, Xu J, Li Y, Ma B. Artificial intelligence-assisted automatic and index-based microbial single-cell sorting system for One-Cell-One-Tube. MLIFE 2022; 1:448-459. [PMID: 38818483 PMCID: PMC10989846 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Identification, sorting, and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in-depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes. In this work, based on an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted object detection model for cell phenotype screening and a cross-interface contact method for single-cell exporting, we developed an automatic and index-based system called EasySort AUTO, where individual microbial cells are sorted and then packaged in a microdroplet and automatically exported in a precisely indexed, "One-Cell-One-Tube" manner. The target cell is automatically identified based on an AI-assisted object detection model and then mobilized via an optical tweezer for sorting. Then, a cross-interface contact microfluidic printing method that we developed enables the automated transfer of cells from the chip to the tube, which leads to coupling with subsequent single-cell culture or sequencing. The efficiency of the system for single-cell printing is >93%. The throughput of the system for single-cell printing is ~120 cells/h. Moreover, >80% of single cells of both yeast and Escherichia coli are culturable, suggesting the superior preservation of cell viability during sorting. Finally, AI-assisted object detection supports automated sorting of target cells with high accuracy from mixed yeast samples, which was validated by downstream single-cell proliferation assays. The automation, index maintenance, and vitality preservation of EasySort AUTO suggest its excellent application potential for single-cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidian Diao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Lingyan Kan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Yilong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Huaibo Yang
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotechnology Co. Ltd.QingdaoChina
| | - Jingyun Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Fengli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Teng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Rongze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Yuetong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotechnology Co. Ltd.QingdaoChina
| | - Xixian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Jian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Yuandong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Bo Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Single‐Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
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Gu Y, Cao D, Mao Y, Ge S, Li Z, Gu Y, Sun Y, Li L, Cao X. A SERS microfluidic chip based on hpDNA-functioned Au-Ag nanobowl array for efficient simultaneous detection of non-small cell lung cancer-related microRNAs. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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38
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Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110625. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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Postek W, Pacocha N, Garstecki P. Microfluidics for antibiotic susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3637-3662. [PMID: 36069631 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Rapid and comprehensive analysis of infectious strains is critical to reducing the global use of antibiotics, as informed antibiotic use could slow down the emergence of resistant strains worldwide. Multiple platforms for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) have been developed with the use of microfluidic solutions. Here we describe microfluidic systems that have been proposed to aid AST. We identify the key contributions in overcoming outstanding challenges associated with the required degree of multiplexing, reduction of detection time, scalability, ease of use, and capacity for commercialization. We introduce the reader to microfluidics in general, and we analyze the challenges and opportunities related to the field of microfluidic AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Postek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Merkin Building, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Natalia Pacocha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland.
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Grint I, Crea F, Vasiliadou R. The Combination of Electrochemistry and Microfluidic Technology in Drug Metabolism Studies. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200100. [PMID: 36166688 PMCID: PMC9716038 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Drugs are metabolized within the liver (pH 7.4) by phase I and phase II metabolism. During the process, reactive metabolites can be formed that react covalently with biomolecules and induce toxicity. Identifying and detecting reactive metabolites is an important part of drug development. Preclinical and clinical investigations are conducted to assess the toxicity and safety of a new drug candidate. Electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry is an ideal complementary technique to the current preclinical studies, a pure instrumental approach without any purification steps and tedious protocols. The combination of microfluidics with electrochemistry towards the mimicry of drug metabolism offers portability, low volume of reagents and faster reaction times. This review explores the development of microfluidic electrochemical cells for mimicking drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Grint
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton Hall, Karen HillsMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Francesco Crea
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton Hall, Karen HillsMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Rafaela Vasiliadou
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton Hall, Karen HillsMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
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41
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Malic L, Brassard D, Da Fonte D, Nassif C, Mounier M, Ponton A, Geissler M, Shiu M, Morton KJ, Veres T. Automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic system for rapid molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3157-3171. [PMID: 35670202 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Testing for SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important assets in COVID-19 management and mitigation. At the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 testing was uniquely performed in central laboratories using RT-qPCR. RT-qPCR relies on trained personnel operating complex instrumentation, while time-to-result can be lengthy (e.g., 24 to 72 h). Now, two years into the pandemic, with the surge in cases driven by the highly transmissible Omicron variant, COVID-19 testing capabilities have been stretched to their limit worldwide. Rapid antigen tests are playing an increasingly important role in quelling outbreaks by expanding testing capacity outside the realm of clinical laboratories. These tests can be deployed in settings where repeat and rapid testing is essential, but they often come at the expense of limited accuracy and sensitivity. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) provides a number of advantages to SARS-CoV-2 testing in standard laboratories and at the point-of-need. In contrast to RT-qPCR, RT-LAMP is performed at a constant temperature, which circumvents the need for thermal cycling and translates into a shorter analysis time (e.g., <1 h). In addition, RT-LAMP is compatible with colorimetric detection, facilitating visualization and read-out. However, even with these benefits, RT-LAMP is not yet clinically deployed at its full capacity. Lack of automation and integration of sample preparation, such as RNA extraction, limits the sensitivity and specificity of the method. Furthermore, the need for cold storage of reagents complicates its use at the point of need. The developments presented in this work address these limitations: We describe a fully automated SARS-CoV-2 detection method using RT-LAMP, which also includes up-front lysis and extraction of viral RNA, performed on a centrifugal platform with active pneumatic pumping, a disposable, all-polymer-based microfluidic cartridge and lyophilized reagents. We demonstrate that the limit of detection of the RT-LAMP assay itself is 0.2 copies per μL using N and E genes as target sequences. When combined with integrated RNA extraction, the assay sensitivity is 0.5 copies per μL, which is highly competitive to RT-qPCR. We tested the automated assay using 12 clinical swab specimens from patients and were able to distinguish positive and negative samples for SARS-CoV-2 within 60 min, thereby obtaining 100% agreement with RT-qPCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Malic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Brassard
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Dillon Da Fonte
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Christina Nassif
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Maxence Mounier
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - André Ponton
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Matthew Shiu
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Keith J Morton
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
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42
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A novel method for inward fluid displacement in centrifugal microdevices for highly integrated nucleic acid processing with long-term reagent storage. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karkossa L, Paust N, Karpíšek M, Bostanci N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. ImmunoDisk—A Fully Automated Bead-Based Immunoassay Cartridge with All Reagents Pre-Stored. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060413. [PMID: 35735560 PMCID: PMC9221266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the ImmunoDisk, a fully automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic cartridge, integrating a heterogeneous, wash-free, magnetic- and fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (bound-free phase detection immunoassay/BFPD-IA). The BFPD-IA allows the implementation of a simple fluidic structure, where the assay incubation, bead separation and detection are performed in the same chamber. The system was characterized using a C-reactive protein (CRP) competitive immunoassay. A parametric investigation on air drying of protein-coupled beads for pre-storage at room temperature is presented. The key parameters were buffer composition, drying temperature and duration. A protocol for drying two different types of protein-coupled beads with the same temperature and duration using different drying buffers is presented. The sample-to-answer workflow was demonstrated measuring CRP in 5 µL of human serum, without prior dilution, utilizing only one incubation step, in 20 min turnaround time, in the clinically relevant concentration range of 15–115 mg/L. A reproducibility assessment over three disk batches revealed an average signal coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.8 ± 1.3%. A CRP certified reference material was used for method verification with a concentration CV of 8.6%. Our results encourage future testing of the CRP-ImmunoDisk in clinical studies and its point-of-care implementation in many diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
| | - Desirée Baumgartner
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Lena Karkossa
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
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44
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Yun HS, Kim DH, Kwon HG, Choi HK. Centrifugal Force-Induced Alignment in the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Yun
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gu Kwon
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyoon Choi
- Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powder, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
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45
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Electrified lab on disc systems: A comprehensive review on electrokinetic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Geng J, Wang Z, Wu Y, Yu L, Wang L, Dong Q, Liu C, Chi Z. Intrinsic specificity of plain ammonium citrate carbon dots for Helicobacter pylori: Interfacial mechanism, diagnostic translation and general revelation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100282. [PMID: 35601896 PMCID: PMC9119834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of carbon dots (CDs) is now flourishing; however, more effort is needed to overcome their lack of intrinsic specificity. Herein, instead of synthesizing novel CDs, we reinvestigated three reported CDs and discovered that plain ammonium citrate CDs (AC-CDs) exhibited surprising specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Notably, we showed that the interfacial mechanism behind this specificity was due to the affinity between the high abundant urea/ammonium transporters on H. pylori outer membrane and the surface-coordinated ammonium ions on AC-CDs. Further, we justified that ammonium sulfate-citric acid CDs also possessed H. pylori-specificity owing to their NH4+ doping. Thereby, we suggested that the incorporation of a molecule that could be actively transported by abundant membrane receptors into the precursors of CDs might serve as a basis for developing a plain CD with intrinsic specificity for H. pylori. Moreover, AC-CDs exhibited specificity towards live, dead, and multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. Based on the specificity, we developed a microfluidics-assisted in vitro sensing approach for H. pylori, achieving a simplified, rapid and ultrasensitive detection with two procedures, shortened time within 45.0 min and a low actual limit of detection of 10.0 CFU mL−1. This work sheds light on the design of more H. pylori-specific or even bacteria-specific CDs and their realistic translation into clinical practice. Plain ammonium citrate CDs have intrinsic specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Affinity of outer-membrane urea receptors to NH4+ on CDs decides the specificity. The specific CDs coupling microfluidics confers a simplified detection of H. pylori. The mechanism and translation inspire the engineering of bacteria-specific CDs.
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47
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Microfluidic chain reaction of structurally programmed capillary flow events. Nature 2022; 605:464-469. [PMID: 35585345 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chain reactions, characterized by initiation, propagation and termination, are stochastic at microscopic scales and underlie vital chemical (for example, combustion engines), nuclear and biotechnological (for example, polymerase chain reaction) applications1-5. At macroscopic scales, chain reactions are deterministic and limited to applications for entertainment and art such as falling dominoes and Rube Goldberg machines. On the other hand, the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (also called a micro-total analysis system)6,7 was visualized as an integrated chip, akin to microelectronic integrated circuits, yet in practice remains dependent on cumbersome peripherals, connections and a computer for automation8-11. Capillary microfluidics integrate energy supply and flow control onto a single chip by using capillary phenomena, but programmability remains rudimentary with at most a handful (eight) operations possible12-19. Here we introduce the microfluidic chain reaction (MCR) as the conditional, structurally programmed propagation of capillary flow events. Monolithic chips integrating a MCR are three-dimensionally printed, and powered by the free energy of a paper pump, autonomously execute liquid handling algorithms step-by-step. With MCR, we automated (1) the sequential release of 300 aliquots across chained, interconnected chips, (2) a protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies detection in saliva and (3) a thrombin generation assay by continuous subsampling and analysis of coagulation-activated plasma with parallel operations including timers, iterative cycles of synchronous flow and stop-flow operations. MCRs are untethered from and unencumbered by peripherals, encode programs structurally in situ and can form a frugal, versatile, bona fide lab-on-a-chip with wide-ranging applications in liquid handling and point-of-care diagnostics.
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48
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Regan B, Kinahan D, Daly P, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Design and fabrication of a low-cost wireless camera imaging system for centrifugal microfluidics. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00259. [PMID: 35509901 PMCID: PMC9058586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic devices offer a robust method for low-volume fluid handling by combining low-cost instrumentation with highly integrated automation. Crucial to the efficacy of Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) device operation is the selection of robust valving technology, the design of on-disc fluidic structures, and accurate control of disc spin-speeds (centrifugal force) during operation. The design and refinement of fluidic and valving structures is often guided by inspecting disc operation using high-speed camera systems. This approach involves synchronising image acquisition with disc rotation to visualise liquid flow through a series of images often presented in a video format. Depending on the decisions taken, such systems can cost from €4,000 upwards. This paper outlines the development of a low-cost centrifugal test-stand with an integrated imaging system using a generic wireless camera to record videos directly to a smartphone device. This imaging system can be fabricated using only 3D printers and a low-cost CNC milling machine from widely available materials for approximately €350. High-fidelity imaging of the entire disc for flow visualisation and the recording of real-time colour intensity measurements are facilitated by this standalone device. A vibration analysis study has been performed to determine the rotational velocity range at which the system can be safely operated. Furthermore, the efficacy of the imaging system has been demonstrated by performing real-time colour intensity measurements of dyed water dilutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David Kinahan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Philip Daly
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Woolf MS, Dignan LM, Karas SM, Lewis HM, Hadley KC, Nauman AQ, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, AuCoin DP, Green HR, Geise GM, Landers JP. Characterization of a Centrifugal Microfluidic Orthogonal Flow Platform. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030487. [PMID: 35334778 PMCID: PMC8950265 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To bring to bear the power of centrifugal microfluidics on vertical flow immunoassays, control of flow orthogonally through nanoporous membranes is essential. The on-disc approach described here leverages the rapid print-cut-laminate (PCL) disc fabrication and prototyping method to create a permanent seal between disc materials and embedded nanoporous membranes. Rotational forces drive fluid flow, replacing capillary action, and complex pneumatic pumping systems. Adjacent microfluidic features form a flow path that directs fluid orthogonally (vertically) through these embedded membranes during assay execution. This method for membrane incorporation circumvents the need for solvents (e.g., acetone) to create the membrane-disc bond and sidesteps issues related to undesirable bypass flow. In other recently published work, we described an orthogonal flow (OF) platform that exploited embedded membranes for automation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Here, we more fully characterize flow patterns and cellulosic membrane behavior within the centrifugal orthogonal flow (cOF) format. Specifically, high-speed videography studies demonstrate that sample volume, membrane pore size, and ionic composition of the sample matrix significantly impact membrane behavior, and consequently fluid drainage profiles, especially when cellulosic membranes are used. Finally, prototype discs are used to demonstrate proof-of-principle for sandwich-type antigen capture and immunodetection within the cOF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leah M. Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Scott M. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Hannah M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Kevyn C. Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Aeren Q. Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - David P. AuCoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Heather R. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Wang X, Hong XZ, Li YW, Li Y, Wang J, Chen P, Liu BF. Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:11. [PMID: 35300739 PMCID: PMC8930194 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic strategies for infectious disease detection require benchtop instruments that are inappropriate for point-of-care testing (POCT). Emerging microfluidics, a highly miniaturized, automatic, and integrated technology, are a potential substitute for traditional methods in performing rapid, low-cost, accurate, and on-site diagnoses. Molecular diagnostics are widely used in microfluidic devices as the most effective approaches for pathogen detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in microfluidics-based molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases from academic perspectives and industrial outlooks. First, we introduce the typical on-chip nucleic acid processes, including sample preprocessing, amplification, and signal read-out. Then, four categories of microfluidic platforms are compared with respect to features, merits, and demerits. We further discuss application of the digital assay in absolute nucleic acid quantification. Both the classic and recent microfluidics-based commercial molecular diagnostic devices are summarized as proof of the current market status. Finally, we propose future directions for microfluidics-based infectious disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi-Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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