1
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Kiyokawa K, Kawanaka K, Minakata S. Amino-λ 3 -iodane-Enabled Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319048. [PMID: 38272833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the use of amino-λ3 -iodanes in the electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids and boronates. Iodine(III) reagents with transferable amino groups, including one with an NH2 group, were synthesized and used in the amination, allowing the synthesis of a wide range of primary and secondary (hetero)arylamines. Mechanistic studies by DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an electrophilic amination process from a tetravalent borate complex with a B-N dative bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Fleetwood TD, Kerr WJ, Mason J. Copper-Mediated N-Trifluoromethylation of O-Benzoylhydroxylamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303314. [PMID: 38018464 PMCID: PMC10952365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of trifluoromethyl containing compounds is well established within medicinal chemistry, with a range of approved drugs containing C-CF3 and O-CF3 moieties. However, the utilisation of the N-CF3 functional group remains relatively unexplored. This may be attributed to the challenging synthesis of this unit, with many current methods employing harsh conditions or less accessible reagents. A robust methodology for the N-trifluoromethylation of secondary amines has been developed, which employs an umpolung strategy in the form of a copper-catalysed electrophilic amination. The method is operationally simple, uses mild, inexpensive reagents, and has been used to synthesise a range of novel, structurally complex N-CF3 containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Fleetwood
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - Joseph Mason
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
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3
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Schneider Y, Jadhav AP, Legault CY. Synthesis of Indoles Using the Electrophilic Potential of Diazirines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14809-14819. [PMID: 37779242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic potential of diazirines has been utilized to obtain N-substituted diaziridines that are directly hydrolyzed to produce monosubstituted hydrazines. The hydrazines can undergo the Fisher process with enolizable carbonyls to yield multiple indole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The N-metalated diaziridine intermediates can undergo isomerization prior to electrophilic substitution, to form N,N-disubstituted hydrazones. The latter react with enolizable carbonyls to produce N-protected indole derivatives in a single step. This protocol was used to efficiently synthesize indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Schneider
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Amol P Jadhav
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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4
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Huang JJ, Liao HC, Hsu CE, Liu YR, Chang YF, Chou SY. Synthesis of Spirocyclopropane-Containing 4 H-Pyrazolo[1,5- a]indoles via Alkylative Dearomatization and Intramolecular N-Imination of an Indole- O-(Methylsulfonyl)oxime. Molecules 2023; 28:6374. [PMID: 37687203 PMCID: PMC10490174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of spirocyclopropane-containing 4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]indoles 6a-e via alkylative dearomatization and intramolecular N-imination of indole-O-(methylsulfonyl)oxime 11. Starting materials tryptophol (7) and 2-bromocyclopetanone (8) were reacted in the presence of HBF4·OEt2, providing 1,2,3,5,6,11-hexahydrocyclopenta[2,3]oxepino[4,5-b]indole (9) in a 63% yield. Compound 9 was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to afford oxime 10 (65% yield), which was subsequently bis-methanesulfonated to form 11 in a 85% yield. Heating 11 with various alcohols in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) triggered the alkylative dearomatization and intramolecular N-imination, forming the spirocyclopropane and 4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]indole structures in the targets 6a-e with 67-84% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jyh Huang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yen Chou
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
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5
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Jia XG, Yao QW, Shu XZ. Enantioselective Reductive N-Cyclization-Alkylation Reaction of Alkene-Tethered Oxime Esters and Alkyl Iodides by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13461-13467. [PMID: 35877185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cross-electrophile difunctionalization of tethered alkenes has become a powerful tool for the production of chiral cyclic scaffolds; however, the current studies all focus on carbocyclization reactions. Herein, we report an N-cyclization-alkylation reaction and thus showcase the potential of heterocyclization for accessing new enantioenriched cyclic architectures. This work establishes a new approach for enantioselective aza-Heck cyclization/cross-coupling sequence, which remains a long-standing unsolved challenge for the synthetic community. The reaction proceeds with primary, secondary, and a few tertiary alkyl iodides, and the use of newly defined ligands gave highly enantioenriched pyrrolines with improved molecular diversity under mild conditions. The presence of imine functionality allows for further structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Xu N, Liang H, Morken JP. Copper-Catalyzed Stereospecific Transformations of Alkylboronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11546-11552. [PMID: 35735669 PMCID: PMC10436227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed stereospecific cross-couplings of boronic esters are reported. Boron "ate" complexes derived from pinacol boronic esters and tert-butyl lithium undergo stereospecific transmetalation to copper cyanide, followed by coupling with alkynyl bromides, allyl halides, propargylic halides, β-haloenones, hydroxylamine esters, and acyl chlorides. Through this simple transformation, commercially available inexpensive compounds can be employed to convert primary and secondary alkylboronic esters to a wide array of synthetically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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7
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Muñoz-Molina JM, Bafaluy D, Funes-Ardoiz I, de Aguirre A, Maseras F, Belderrain TR, Pérez PJ, Muñiz K. Mechanistic Studies on the Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination. Organometallics 2022; 41:1099-1105. [PMID: 35572769 PMCID: PMC9092462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We have recently
developed a method for the synthesis of pyrrolidines
and piperidines via intramolecular C–H amination of N-fluoride amides using [TpxCuL] complexes as precatalysts [Tpx =
tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand and L = THF or CH3CN]. Herein,
we report mechanistic studies on this transformation, which includes
the isolation and structural characterization of a fluorinated copper(II)
complex, [(TpiPr2OH)CuF] [TpiPr = hydrotris(3,5-diisopropylpyrazolyl)borate],
pertinent to the mechanistic pathway. The effects of the nature of
the Tpx ligand in the copper catalyst
as well as of the halide in the N–X amides employed as reactants
have been investigated both from experimental and computational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Muñoz-Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Daniel Bafaluy
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adiran de Aguirre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tomás R. Belderrain
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Li YB, Tian H, Zhang S, Xiao JZ, Yin L. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of P-Chiral Aminophosphinites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117760. [PMID: 35076164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed reaction of diarylphosphines and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines is developed. In the cases of symmetrical diarylphosphines, a series of aminophosphinites is prepared in high yields. In the cases of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines, an array of P-chiral aminophosphinites is synthesized in high yields with high enantioselectivity by using a copper(I)-(R,RP )-Ph-FOXAP complex as a chiral catalyst. Based on several control experiments and 31 P NMR studies, a two-electron redox mechanism involving the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines is proposed for the copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric reaction. Finally, one representative P-chiral phosphoric amide generated through the oxidation with H2 O2 is transformed to a chiral diarylphosphinate in high yield with retained enantioselectivity, which allows further transformations towards various P-chiral tertiary phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Zhao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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9
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Li Y, Tian H, Zhang S, Xiao J, Yin L. Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of
P
‐Chiral Aminophosphinites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jun‐Zhao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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10
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Ma J, Zhou X, Guo P, Cheng H, Ji H. Copper‐Mediated
and Catalyzed
C‐H
Bond Amination via
Chelation‐Assistance
: Scope, Mechanism and Synthetic Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao‐Li Ma
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Xu‐Ming Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Peng‐Hu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Hui‐Cheng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Hong‐bing Ji
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 PR China
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11
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Vavsari VF, Nikbakht A, Balalaie S. Annulation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: The Versatile Chemical Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- KN Toosi: KN Toosi University of Technology Chemistry IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Kavian 9, Dr. Shariati Street 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department PO Box 15875-4416 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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12
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Saranya PV, Neetha M, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Recent advances and prospects in the cobalt-catalyzed amination reactions. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Begam HM, Nandi S, Jana R. Directing group switch in copper-catalyzed electrophilic C–H amination/migratory annulation cascade: divergent access to benzimidazolone/benzimidazole. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5726-5733. [PMID: 35694354 PMCID: PMC9116329 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a copper-catalyzed electrophilic ortho C–H amination of protected naphthylamines with N-(benzoyloxy)amines, cyclization with the pendant amide, and carbon to nitrogen 1,2-directing group migration cascade to access N,N-disubstituted 2-benzimidazolinones. Remarkably, this highly atom-economic tandem reaction proceeds through a C–H and C–C bond cleavage and three new C–N bond formations in a single operation. Intriguingly, the reaction cascade was altered by the subtle tuning of the directing group from picolinamide to thiopicolinamide furnishing 2-heteroaryl-imidazoles via the extrusion of hydrogen sulfide. This strategy provided a series of benzimidazolones and benzimidazoles in moderate to high yields with low catalyst loading (66 substrates with yields up to 99%). From the control experiments, it was observed that after the C–H amination an incipient tetrahedral oxyanion or thiolate intermediate is formed via an intramolecular attack of the primary amine to the amide/thioamide carbonyl. It undergoes either a 1,2-pyridyl shift with the retention of the carbonyl moiety or H2S elimination for scaffold diversification. Remarkably, inspite of a positive influence of copper in the reaction outcome, from our preliminary investigations, the benzimidazolone product was obtained in good to moderate yields in two steps under metal-free conditions. The N-pyridyl moiety of the benzimidazolone was removed for further manipulation of the free NH group. A novel directing group switch strategy is explored in a copper-catalyzed divergent synthesis of benzimidazolone via electrophilic C–H amination/cyclization/1,2-C → N directing group migration cascade and benzimidazole through the extrusion of H2S.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
| | - Shantanu Nandi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. O'Neil
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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15
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Li J, Wang X, Wang Z, Shi Y. A Cu-Promoted C-N Coupling of Boron Esters and Diaziridinone: An Approach to Aryl Ureas. Org Lett 2021; 23:8958-8962. [PMID: 34756047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cu-promoted C-N coupling between boron esters and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone is described. A wide variety of aryl ureas can be readily obtained under mild conditions with up to a 92% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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16
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Takeda M, Maejima S, Yamaguchi E, Itoh A. Iodine-mediated direct α-amination of dimethyl methylmalonate using non-protected amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Ali A, Dong J, Zhang Y, Shi L, Liu Q, Fu J. Copper-Catalyzed Diamination of Unactivated Alkenes With Electron-Rich Amino Sources. Org Lett 2021; 23:4072-4077. [PMID: 33970646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic intermolecular diamination of unactivated alkenes with electron-rich amino sources is a challenge. Herein, by employing a directing-group strategy, a copper-catalyzed diamination of unactivated alkenes was realized. Symmetrical diamines were efficiently produced in a highly diastereoselective manner with readily available dialkylamines as amino sources, while a one-pot and two-step operation was necessary to produce the unsymmetrical diamines. These reactions were proposed to proceed through aziridinium intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lili Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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O'Neil LG, Bower JF. Electrophilic Aminating Agents in Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25640-25666. [PMID: 33942955 PMCID: PMC9291613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Classical amination methods involve the reaction of a nitrogen nucleophile with an electrophilic carbon center; however, in recent years, umpoled strategies have gained traction where the nitrogen source acts as an electrophile. A wide range of electrophilic aminating agents are now available, and these underpin a range of powerful C−N bond‐forming processes. In this Review, we highlight the strategic use of electrophilic aminating agents in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G O'Neil
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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19
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Wang SC, Feng MN, Ji Y, Han WW, Ke CY, Zhang QZ, Zhang XL. Ligand-free copper-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H imidation of aromatic and aliphatic methyl sulfides with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12136-12140. [PMID: 35423744 PMCID: PMC8696451 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient process has been developed for copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-H direct imidation of methyl sulfides with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI). Without using any ligands, various methyl sulfides including aromatic and aliphatic methyl sulfides, can be transformed to the corresponding N-((phenylthio)methyl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Ming-Nan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Yue Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Wei-Wei Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Cong-Yu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Qun-Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Xun-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
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20
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Ribaucourt A, Cossy J. N-(Hetero)arylations with Metalated (Hetero)aryls: Recent Advances in First-Row Transition-Metal-Mediated Cross-Couplings. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubert Ribaucourt
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris 75005 Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris 75005 Cedex 05, France
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21
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Zhang Q, Hitoshio K, Saito H, Shimokawa J, Yorimitsu H. Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Alkoxyarylsilanes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology 430068 Wuhan China
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku 606‐8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hitoshio
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku 606‐8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku 606‐8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku 606‐8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku 606‐8502 Kyoto Japan
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22
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Wu F, Li H, Xie J. Copper quinolate: A simple and efficient catalytic complex for coupling reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and DevicesEast China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBaoji University of Arts and Sciences Baoji 721013 China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- College of Chemistry and BioengineeringHunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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23
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Kahya D, Eroğlu F. Electrophilic amination of Cu(I) catalyzed phenylmagnesium bromide with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine in THF:N-donor solvent. Control of C–N and C–O chemoselectivity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Lin S, Lin Z. DFT Studies on Metal-Controlled Regioselective Amination of N-Acylpyrazoles with Azodicarboxylates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12399-12407. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Wang L, Tian Q, Bin C, Zhang G. Copper-catalyzed radical cascade reaction of isocyanate and ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Abstract
At the advent of cross-coupling chemistry, carbon electrophiles based on halides or pseudohalides were the only suitable electrophilic coupling partners. Almost two decades passed before the first cross-coupling reaction of heteroatom-based electrophiles was reported. Early work by Murai and Tanaka initiated investigations into silicon electrophiles. Narasaka and Johnson pioneered the way in the use of nitrogen electrophiles, while Suginome began the exploration of boron electrophiles. The chemistry reviewed within provides perspective on the use of heteroatomic electrophiles, specifically silicon-, nitrogen-, boron-, oxygen-, and phosphorus-based electrophiles in transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling. For the purposes of this review, a loose definition of cross-coupling is utilized; all reactions minimally proceed via an oxidative addition event. Although not cross-coupling in a traditional sense, we have also included catalyzed reactions that join a heteroatomic electrophile with an in situ generated nucleophile. However, for brevity, those involving hydroamination or C-H activation as a key step are largely excluded. This work includes primary references published up to and including October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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27
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Begam HM, Choudhury R, Behera A, Jana R. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ortho C(sp 2)-H Amination of Aryl Amines: Dramatic Reactivity of Bicyclic System. Org Lett 2019; 21:4651-4656. [PMID: 31184191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A practical copper-catalyzed, 2-picolinamide-directed ortho C-H amination of anilines with benzoyl-protected hydroxylamines has been disclosed that proceeds smoothly without any external stoichiometric oxidant or additives. Remarkably, besides anilines, bicyclic naphthyl or heterocyclic amines furnished amination products with five- and six-membered cyclic and acyclic amines at the ortho position selectively. This electrophilic C-H amination also proceeds smoothly in water under slightly modified reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , West Bengal , India
| | - Rajarshee Choudhury
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , West Bengal , India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Kolkata - 700054 , West Bengal , India
| | - Ashok Behera
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , West Bengal , India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , West Bengal , India
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28
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Bouarfa S, Graßl S, Ivanova M, Langlais T, Bentabed-Ababsa G, Lassagne F, Erb W, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Knochel P, Mongin F. Copper- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Syntheses of Thiophene-Based Tertiary Amines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salima Bouarfa
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée; Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées; Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella; BP 1524 El M′Naouer 31000 Oran Algeria
| | - Simon Graßl
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Maria Ivanova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Timothy Langlais
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Appliquée; Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées; Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella; BP 1524 El M′Naouer 31000 Oran Algeria
| | - Frédéric Lassagne
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - William Erb
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Florence Mongin
- CNRS; ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
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29
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Lee S, Lee Y. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Benzoxazoles via Magnesation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangback Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Kwangwoon University; 01897 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Kwangwoon University; 01897 Seoul Republic of Korea
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30
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Lutter FH, Graßl S, Grokenberger L, Hofmayer MS, Chen Y, Knochel P. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings and Electrophilic Aminations using Organozinc Pivalates. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätDepartment Chemie und Biochemie Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München
| | - Simon Graßl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätDepartment Chemie und Biochemie Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München
| | - Lucie Grokenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätDepartment Chemie und Biochemie Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München
| | - Maximilian S. Hofmayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätDepartment Chemie und Biochemie Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München
| | - Yi‐Hung Chen
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. of China
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätDepartment Chemie und Biochemie Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München
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31
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Li J, Tan E, Keller N, Chen YH, Zehetmaier PM, Jakowetz AC, Bein T, Knochel P. Cobalt-Catalyzed Electrophilic Aminations with Anthranils: An Expedient Route to Condensed Quinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:98-103. [PMID: 30558415 PMCID: PMC6400427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
reaction of various organozinc pivalates with anthranils provides
anilines derivatives, which cyclize under acidic conditions providing
condensed quinolines. Using alkenylzinc pivalates, electron-rich arylzinc
pivalates or heterocyclic zinc pivalates produces directly the condensed
quinolines of which several structures belong to new heterocyclic
scaffolds. These N-heterocycles are of particular interest for organic
light emitting diodes with their high photoluminescence quantum yields
and long exciton lifetimes as well as for hole-transporting materials
in methylammonium lead iodide perovskites solar cells due to an optimal
band alignment for holes and a large bandgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany.,School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Lihu Road 1800 , 214122 Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Eric Tan
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Niklas Keller
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Peter M Zehetmaier
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Andreas C Jakowetz
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
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32
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van der Puyl VA, Derosa J, Engle KM. Directed, Nickel-Catalyzed Umpolung 1,2-Carboamination of Alkenyl Carbonyl Compounds. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A. van der Puyl
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joseph Derosa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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34
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Lu S, Tian LL, Cui TW, Zhu YS, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. Copper-Mediated C–H Amination of Imidazopyridines with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13991-14000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Wei Cui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shen Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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35
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Rauser M, Warzecha DP, Niggemann M. O2
-Mediated Oxidation of Aminoboranes through 1,2-N Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5903-5907. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel P. Warzecha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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36
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Patel C, Mohnike M, Hilton MC, McNally A. A Strategy to Aminate Pyridines, Diazines, and Pharmaceuticals via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts. Org Lett 2018; 20:2607-2610. [PMID: 29664307 PMCID: PMC6250567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward process to aminate pyridines and diazines is presented by reacting phosphonium salt derivatives with sodium azide. The iminophosphorane products are versatile precursors to several nitrogen-containing functional groups, and the process can be applied to building block heterocycles, to drug-like fragments, and for late-stage functionalization of complex pharmaceuticals. Appealing features of this strategy include using C-H bonds as precursors, precise regioselectivity, and a distinct scope from other amination methods, particularly those relying on halogenated azaarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Margaret Mohnike
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Michael C. Hilton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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37
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Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C H amination of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with N-alkyl-O-benzoyl-hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Rauser M, Warzecha DP, Niggemann M. O2
-Mediated Oxidation of Aminoboranes through 1,2-N Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel P. Warzecha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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39
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Roscales S, Csákÿ AG. Synthesis of Di(hetero)arylamines from Nitrosoarenes and Boronic Acids: A General, Mild, and Transition-Metal-Free Coupling. Org Lett 2018; 20:1667-1671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Moncloa, Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio G. Csákÿ
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Moncloa, Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Li Y, Zhang R, Bi X, Fu J. Multifunctionalization of Unactivated Cyclic Ketones via Synergistic Catalysis of Copper and Diarylamine: Access to Cyclic α-Enaminone. Org Lett 2018; 20:1207-1211. [PMID: 29420046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctionalization of unactivated cyclic ketones via synergistic catalysis of copper and diarylamine for the direct synthesis of cyclic α-enaminone is reported for the first time. This reaction goes through oxidative α-amination, followed by a desaturation, and features mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and great functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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41
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Rae J, Frey J, Jerhaoui S, Choppin S, Wencel-Delord J, Colobert F. Synthesis of Axially Chiral C–N Scaffolds via Asymmetric Coupling with Enantiopure Sulfinyl Iodanes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Rae
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanna Frey
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Soufyan Jerhaoui
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Choppin
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire d’Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
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42
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Shen MH, Ren XT, Pan YP, Xu HD. Iridium catalyzed fragmentation/cyclization of N-butynyl 4,4-dimethylisoxazolidine-3,5-diones: a unique access to multiply substituted pyrroles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00698e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for the synthesis of multiply substituted pyrroles has been developed through the iridium catalyzed fragmentation/cyclization of N-butynyl 4,4-dimethylisoxazolidine-3,5-diones in hot ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Xin-Tao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Ying-Peng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
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43
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Luo X, Wang S, Xi C. Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroamination of styrenes with hydroxylamines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed one-pot two-step hydroamination procedure that allows the direct formation of tertiary amines from styrenes and an electrophilic nitrogen source has been reported with high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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44
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Roy SK, Tiwari A, Saleem M, Jana CK. Metal free direct C(sp2)–H arylaminations using nitrosoarenes to 2-hydroxy-di(het)aryl amines as multifunctional Aβ-aggregation modulators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14081-14084. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A direct C(sp2)–H arylamination of 2-hydroxyarenes using nitrosoarenes was achieved under metal free conditions without the aid of additional reagents/steps for N–O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Kanti Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Chandan K. Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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45
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Allen MA, Ivanovich RA, Polat DE, Beauchemin AM. Synthesis of N-Oxyureas by Substitution and Cope-Type Hydroamination Reactions Using O-Isocyanate Precursors. Org Lett 2017; 19:6574-6577. [PMID: 29166028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxy-carbamate O-isocyanate precursors facilitate access to synthetically valuable N-oxyureas via substitution with amines. This work exploits the reactivity of suitable O-isocyanate precursors, identified by a thorough study highlighting the different reactivity of isocyanate masking groups. This led to bench-stable O-isocyanate precursors, offering improved versatility in the synthesis of N-oxyureas, and demonstrates the controlled reactivity of masked O-isocyanates. Suitable precursors also enabled the first example of Cope-type hydroamination of unsaturated hydroxyureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Allen
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ryan A Ivanovich
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dilan E Polat
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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46
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Zhang L, Meng XH, Liu P, Chen J, Zhao YL. t
BuLi-Promoted Intermolecular Regioselective Nucleophilic Addition of Arenes to Diazo Compounds as N-Terminal Electrophiles: Efficient Synthesis of Hydrazine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun China
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development; PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Limited; 163712 Daqing China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design and Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; 130024 Changchun China
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47
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Huang H, Li F, Xu Z, Cai J, Ji X, Deng GJ. Base-Promoted [3+2]-Annulation of Oxime Esters and Aldehydes for Rapid Isoxazoline Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry; Application of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
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48
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Kattamuri PV, Yin J, Siriwongsup S, Kwon DH, Ess DH, Li Q, Li G, Yousufuddin M, Richardson PF, Sutton SC, Kürti L. Practical Singly and Doubly Electrophilic Aminating Agents: A New, More Sustainable Platform for Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabha V. Kattamuri
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Surached Siriwongsup
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Qun Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Life
and Health Sciences Department, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75241, United States
| | - Paul F. Richardson
- Medicinal
Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science
Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott C. Sutton
- Medicinal
Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science
Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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49
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Bakhoda A(G, Jiang Q, Bertke JA, Cundari TR, Warren TH. Elusive Terminal Copper Arylnitrene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057- 1227 USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057- 1227 USA
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50
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Bakhoda A(G, Jiang Q, Bertke JA, Cundari TR, Warren TH. Elusive Terminal Copper Arylnitrene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6426-6430. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057- 1227 USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057- 1227 USA
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