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Peña J, González-Mariño I, Pavón JLP. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Quantification of Ethinyl Estradiol and Drospirenone in Contraceptive Formulations. Molecules 2023; 28:4978. [PMID: 37446640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraceptive tablets typically contain a combination of two synthetic versions of an estrogen and a progestogen, which work together to inhibit the ovulation process. An accurate and precise quantification of these components is essential for contraceptive producers. In this study, we have developed the first gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) and drospirenone (DP) in contraceptive formulations. Under the final working conditions, analytes were extracted from the solid by ultrasound-assisted extraction (15 min) in methanol. The resulting suspension was diluted in ethyl acetate, subjected to centrifugation and, finally, the supernatant was directly injected into the GC-MS system. No derivatization reagents were utilized. To correct for instrumental variations, calibration was performed using the internal standard method, with cholesterol as the internal standard. A good linearity was achieved throughout the calibration range for both EE (3-12 µg mL-1) and DP (300-1200 µg mL-1), with R2 values exceeding 0.99. Trueness, assessed in terms of percentages of recovery, was also found to be satisfactory for both analytes, with recovery rates of 106 ± 8% for EE and 93 ± 9% for DP. Furthermore, intra-day and inter-day precision studies yielded relative standard deviation values below 6% for both analytes. In terms of sensitivity, the instrumental limits of detection were 0.25 µg mL-1 for EE and 6.6 µg mL-1 for DP, and the instrumental limits of quantification 0.82 µg mL-1 for EE and 22 µg mL-1 for DP. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of contraceptive tablets from three different pharmaceutical companies. No differences were observed between the measured and the declared amount of active principle per tablet, demonstrating the applicability of the procedure. In addition, a stability study conducted on both the standards and sample extracts demonstrated that they can be stored at room temperature for a minimum period of seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José L Pérez Pavón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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2
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Feng H, Xu X, Peng P, Yang C, Zou H, Chen C, Zhang Y. Sorption and desorption of epiandrosterone and cortisol on sewage sludge: Comparison to aquatic sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121663. [PMID: 37085099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroids have aroused global concern due to their potent endocrine-disrupting effects. Androgens and glucocorticoids are the most abundant species in sewage; however, our understanding of their fate and risks from the source to environmental sinks remains elusive. This study compared the sorption-desorption characteristics of epiandrosterone (EADR) and cortisol (CRL) in sewage sludge and aquatic sediment, and the surface and molecular interactions were tentatively investigated through infrared spectroscopy and the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. The results showed that the sorption capacities of EADR and CRL in the sludge were 4015 L/kg and 81.17 L/kg, respectively, which are much larger than those in the sediment (EADR: 78.77 L/kg, CRL: 6.39 L/kg); 0.02%-1.2% of EADR and 0.2%-14.5% of CRL could be desorbed from sludge, while the desorption ratios were even lower in the sediment. The high organic content in the sludge might contribute to the larger sorption capacities, while the weak interaction between steroids and organic matter could lead to larger desorption potential. The sediment contained more mineral content and featured a larger specific surface area, which could be responsible for the greater desorption hysteresis for EADR and CRL. These results will help to better understand the potential risk of sewage sludge-associated steroids and their distribution in sediment-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85281, Arizona, USA
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Kang JK, Lee H, Kim SB, Bae H. Alkyl chain length of quaternized SBA-15 and solution conditions determine hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions for carbamazepine adsorption. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5170. [PMID: 36997526 PMCID: PMC10063578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA) is a stable and mesoporous silica material. Quaternized SBA-15 with alkyl chains (QSBA) exhibits electrostatic attraction for anionic molecules via the N+ moiety of the ammonium group, whereas its alkyl chain length determines its hydrophobic interactions. In this study, QSBA with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized using the trimethyl, dimethyloctyl, and dimethyoctadecyl groups (C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, respectively). Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely prescribed pharmaceutical compound, but is difficult to remove using conventional water treatments. The CBZ adsorption characteristics of QSBA were examined to determine its adsorption mechanism by changing the alkyl chain length and solution conditions (pH and ionic strength). A longer alkyl chain resulted in slower adsorption (up to 120 min), while the amount of CBZ adsorbed was higher for longer alkyl chains per unit mass of QSBA at equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacities of C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, were 3.14, 6.56, and 24.5 mg/g, respectively, as obtained using the Langmuir model. For the tested initial CBZ concentrations (2-100 mg/L), the adsorption capacity increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Because CBZ does not dissociate readily (pKa = 13.9), stable hydrophobic adsorption was observed despite the changes in pH (0.41-0.92, 1.70-2.24, and 7.56-9.10 mg/g for C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, respectively); the exception was pH 2. Increasing the ionic strength from 0.1 to 100 mM enhanced the adsorption capacity of C18QSBA from 9.27 ± 0.42 to 14.94 ± 0.17 mg/g because the hydrophobic interactions were increased while the electrostatic attraction of the N+ was reduced. Thus, the ionic strength was a stronger control factor determining hydrophobic adsorption of CBZ than the solution pH. Based on the changes in hydrophobicity, which depends on the alkyl chain length, it was possible to enhance CBZ adsorption and investigate the adsorption mechanism in detail. Thus, this study aids the development of adsorbents suitable for pharmaceuticals with controlling molecular structure of QSBA and solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Kang
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Lee
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Bae Kim
- Environmental Functional Materials and Water Treatment Laboratory, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Vehar A, Kovačič A, Hvala N, Škufca D, Levstek M, Stražar M, Žgajnar Gotvajn A, Heath E. An Assessment of Mass Flows, Removal and Environmental Emissions of Bisphenols in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Wastewater Treatment Plant. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238634. [PMID: 36500727 PMCID: PMC9736069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed 16 bisphenols (BPs) in wastewater and sludge samples collected from different stages at a municipal wastewater treatment plant based on sequencing batch reactor technology. It also describes developing an analytical method for determining BPs in the solid phase of activated sludge based on solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Obtained concentrations are converted into mass flows, and the biodegradation of BPs and adsorption to primary and secondary sludge are determined. Ten of the sixteen BPs were present in the influent with concentrations up to 434 ng L-1 (BPS). Only five BPs with concentrations up to 79 ng L-1 (BPA) were determined in the plant effluent, accounting for 8 % of the total BPs determined in the influent. Eleven per cent of the total BPs were adsorbed on primary and secondary sludge. Overall, BPs biodegradation efficiency was 81%. The highest daily emissions via effluent release (1.48 g day-1) and sludge disposal (4.63 g day-1) were for BPA, while total emissions reached 2 g day-1 via effluent and 6 g day-1 via sludge disposal. The data show that the concentrations of BPs in sludge are not negligible, and their environmental emissions should be monitored and further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vehar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kovačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Hvala
- Department of Systems and Control, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Škufca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Levstek
- Wastewater Treatment Plant Domžale-Kamnik d.o.o., Študljanska Cesta 91, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Stražar
- Wastewater Treatment Plant Domžale-Kamnik d.o.o., Študljanska Cesta 91, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Salvador DG, Pavoni JF, Tessaro IC. The influence of aeration rate on the sorption of emerging pharmaceuticals in activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35107039 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2036246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of pharmaceuticals on activated sludge during the wastewater treatment process has been widely studied and considered one of the main mechanisms for the removal of these micropollutants from domestic sewage. Understanding the removal mechanism is important to reduce the environmental risk associated with these compounds. To the best of our knowledge, no data are reporting the influence of the aeration rate and, consequently, of the physicochemical properties of the sludge flocs, on the sorption of pharmaceutical compounds. In this context, the influence of the aeration rate (2, 5, and 8 L min-1) on the physical properties of the sludge and the sorption of two emerging pharmaceuticals, 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and diclofenac (DCF), was evaluated. The pharmaceuticals were analyzed by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography, and the sludge by Laser Particle Size Analyzer and Settling Curves. As a result, higher sorption for 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (78-96%) in comparison to diclofenac (23-43%) was observed, corroborating the greater hydrophobicity of EE2. Higher pharmaceuticals removal rates were observed for the highest aeration (10.02 µgEE2 gSST-1 and 3.99 µgDCF gSST-1) in comparison to the lowest one (7.81 µgEE2 gSST-1 and 2.58 µgDCF gSST-1), what can be attributed to structural and surface changes in flocs. Smaller and more dispersed flocs were observed when aeration was increased (104.4 µm for 8 L min-1 and 63.8 µm for 2 L min-1). The results suggest that the increase in aeration seems to be promising for the removal of pharmaceuticals by sorption in sewage sludge, especially for the hydrophobic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Guerra Salvador
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LASEM), Federal Univesity of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Frick Pavoni
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LASEM), Federal Univesity of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Tessaro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LASEM), Federal Univesity of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Different Matrices: Occurrence, Pathways, and Treatment Processes. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The procedures for analyzing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are typically tedious and expensive and thus, it is necessary to synthesize all available information from previously conducted research. An extensive collection of PPCP data from the published literature was compiled to determine the occurrence, pathways, and the effectiveness of current treatment technologies for the removal of PPCPs in water and wastewater. Approximately 90% of the compiled published papers originated from Asia, Europe, and the North American regions. The incomplete removal of PPCPs in different water and wastewater treatment processes was widely reported, thus resulting in the occurrence of PPCP compounds in various environmental compartments. Caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, triclosan, and triclocarban were among the most commonly reported compounds detected in water and solid matrices. Trace concentrations of PPCPs were also detected on plants and animal tissues, indicating the bioaccumulative properties of some PPCP compounds. A significant lack of studies regarding the presence of PPCPs in animal and plant samples was identified in the review. Furthermore, there were still knowledge gaps on the ecotoxicity, sub-lethal effects, and effective treatment processes for PPCPs. The knowledge gaps identified in this study can be used to devise a more effective research paradigm and guidelines for PPCP management.
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7
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Yang X, Lin H, Dai X, Zhang Z, Gong B, Hu Z, Jiang X, Li Y. Sorption, transport, and transformation of natural and synthetic progestins in soil-water systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121482. [PMID: 31668762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestins are emerging endocrine disruptors that can be transported from livestock farms and agricultural fields to receiving waters via surface runoff. The transformation of progestins during transport is expected to affect the efficiencies of runoff management systems. Therefore, this study explored the sorption, transport, and transformation of progesterone, norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, dydrogesterone, and norethisterone in agricultural soil-water systems. The sorption coefficients and retardation factors (R) were positively correlated with the progestin hydrophobicities, indicating that hydrophobic interactions dominated the sorption and transport processes. During transport, dydrogesterone and progesterone were transformed into 9-10 products. The breakthrough curves of the parents and products exhibited periodical patterns over extended times. Specifically, the R values of the parents and products were positively correlated with chromatographic retention times (hydrophobicities) when the products were generated before transport. In contrast, a negative correlation (R2 = 0.75-0.88) was observed when products were successively generated during transport, indicating that the transformation kinetics changed the retardation of these solutes in the columns. These observations also demonstrated that the transport potential estimates based on traditional metrics of steroid hydrophobicity are not always accurate and that runoff management measures are less effective for metastable progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiong Dai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Beini Gong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zheng Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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8
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Montiel-León JM, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Bouchard MF, Amyot M, Sauvé S. Quality survey and spatiotemporal variations of atrazine and desethylatrazine in drinking water in Quebec, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:578-585. [PMID: 30933813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine remains in use in Canada, the United States, and several other countries, while being banned since 2003 in the European Union. A comprehensive quality survey of atrazine (ATZ) and one of its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA), was conducted in 2015-2018 in drinking water available to consumers in Quebec, Canada. Temporal variations of ATZ and DEA were monitored in tap water from the Montreal area for 18 consecutive months (Temporal survey 2015-2016). Within this time window, the sum of ATZ and DEA in tap water samples (n = 450) varied from 40 to 250 ng L-1 (median: 98 ng L-1). ATZ was systematically detected (100%), with a concentration range of 30-195 ng L-1 (median: 49 ng L-1) while DEA was in the range of 10-187 ng L-1 (median: 36 ng L-1). Maximum ATZ concentrations remained about 25× lower than the Canadian drinking water quality guideline (5000 ng L-1), but 48% of the samples were above that of the European Union (100 ng L-1) regarding the sum of ATZ and DEA. Trends of ATZ and DEA in drinking water were also examined across southwestern Quebec (Spatial survey 2017-2018). The sum of the two triazines in this second set of samples varied from below the method detection limit (for 33 out of the 52 surveyed municipalities) to 104 ng L-1. Apart from Montreal, locations in the southern shore of the St. Lawrence showed generally higher levels of atrazine and DEA. The highest concentrations clustered in the Montérégie region, along the St. Lawrence River (e.g., Brossard, Longueuil, Saint-Constant) and/or downstream from agricultural areas. The ATZ concentrations are suggested to have decreased compared to previous surveys, which is consistent with the decrease in the sales of active ingredients in Ontario (upstream sources) and Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- École de santé publique, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- GRIL, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Huang Y, Guo J, Yan P, Gong H, Fang F. Sorption-desorption behavior of sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol in sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:739-745. [PMID: 30739027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) at detectable levels in wastewater and surface waters led to a growing concern over the persistence of toxicological effects in the environment. Sorption is significant process in municipal wastewater treatment plants to remove TOrCs due to low water solubility and high hydrophobic of most TOrCs. The work herein explored the sorption behavior of four typical TOrCs onto sludge solids. The sorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Greater sorption amount was observed for EE2 that 60.9% of EE2 in liquid phase was removed, followed by BPA (49.4%) and SMX (35.8%), while only 19.5% of CBZ was adsorbed. Sorption of CBZ, BPA and EE2 was primarily a physical process dominated by partition function, while SMX was mainly sorbed through multiple interactions, and this strong affinity between SMX and activated sludge resulted in least desorption rate. Deep insight into the pathway of SMX in SBR revealed that total removal rate in a period was about 50.22%. Sorption process was observed in anaerobic stage, and biological degradation was mainly occurred in aerobic stage with biodegradation rate of 29.18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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10
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Understanding the adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics on MIL-53s: Metal dependence of breathing effect and adsorptive performance in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 535:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Lompe KM, Vo Duy S, Peldszus S, Sauvé S, Barbeau B. Removal of micropollutants by fresh and colonized magnetic powdered activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:349-355. [PMID: 30125752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the adsorption capacity and rate constants for 9 micropollutants (MP) on fresh and aged magnetic powdered activated carbon (MPAC) as a magnetically separable alternative to conventional PAC for drinking water treatment. MPAC with mass fractions of 10%, 38% and 54% maghemite nanoparticles were compared to bare PAC and pure maghemite in batch adsorption experiments. Pure maghemite alone did not adsorb significant amounts of MP and when normalized to PAC content, no significant differences of MP adsorption between MPAC and PAC were observed. Freundlich constants KF (normalized to PAC content) ranged between 2.3-37 μg/mg (L/μg)1/n for all MP and adsorbents. Pseudo-second order rate constants for MP decreased with increasing maghemite content ranging between 0.2-2.7 mg/μg/min for bare PAC and 0.02-2.19 mg/μg/min for MPAC. Residual adsorption capacities of 90-days old colonized adsorbents were 10 times lower than for fresh adsorbent. At typical concentrations of 3.5 g colonized adsorbent/L found inside reactors, kinetics were still fast and removals of all MP except sulfamethoxazole exceeded 90% within 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Lompe
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Sigrid Peldszus
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, On, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7, Canada
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12
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Zheng W, Zhang Z, Liu R, Lei Z. Removal of veterinary antibiotics from anaerobically digested swine wastewater using an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:8-17. [PMID: 29548414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (IASBR) was applied to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW) to explore the removal characteristics of veterinary antibiotics. The removal rates of 11 veterinary antibiotics in the reactor were investigated under different chemical organic demand (COD) volumetric loadings, solid retention times (SRT) and ratios of COD to total nitrogen (TN) or COD/TN. Both sludge sorption and biodegradation were found to be the major contributors to the removal of veterinary antibiotics. Mass balance analysis revealed that greater than 60% of antibiotics in the influent were biodegraded in the IASBR, whereas averagely 24% were adsorbed by sludge under the condition that sludge sorption gradually reached its equilibrium. Results showed that the removal of antibiotics was greatly influenced by chemical oxygen demand (COD) volumetric loadings, which could achieve up to 85.1%±1.4% at 0.17±0.041kgCOD/m-3/day, while dropped to 75.9%±1.3% and 49.3%±12.1% when COD volumetric loading increased to 0.65±0.032 and 1.07±0.073kgCOD/m-3/day, respectively. Tetracyclines, the dominant antibiotics in ADSW, were removed by 87.9% in total at the lowest COD loading, of which 30.4% were contributed by sludge sorption and 57.5% by biodegradation, respectively. In contrast, sulfonamides were removed about 96.2%, almost by biodegradation. Long SRT seemed to have little obvious impact on antibiotics removal, while a shorter SRT of 30-40day could reduce the accumulated amount of antibiotics and the balanced antibiotics sorption capacity of sludge. Influent COD/TN ratio was found not a key impact factor for veterinary antibiotics removal in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314016, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314016, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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13
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Hajj-Mohamad M, Darwano H, Duy SV, Sauvé S, Prévost M, Arp HPH, Dorner S. The distribution dynamics and desorption behaviour of mobile pharmaceuticals and caffeine to combined sewer sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:57-67. [PMID: 27825683 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are discharged to the environment from wastewater resource recovery facilities, sewer overflows, and illicit sewer connections. To understand the fate of pharmaceuticals, there is a need to better understand their sorption dynamics to suspended sediments (SS) and settled sediments (StS) in sewer systems. In this study, such sorption dynamics to both SS and StS were assessed using a batch equilibrium method under both static and dynamic conditions. Experiments were performed with natively occurring and artificially modified concentrations of sewer pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, theophylline, carbamazepine, and a metabolite of carbamazepine) and caffeine. Differences in apparent distribution coefficients, Kd,app, between SS and StS were related to differences in their organic carbon (OC) content, and the practice of artificially modifying the concentration. Kd,app values of modified contaminant concentrations and high OC sediments were substantially higher. Pseudo-second order desorption rates for these mobile compounds were also quantified. Successive flushing events to simulate the addition of stormwater to sewer networks revealed that aqueous concentrations would not necessarily decrease, because the added water will rapidly return to equilibrium concentrations with the sediments. Sorption and desorption kinetics must be considered in addition to dilution, to avoid underestimating the influence of dilution on concentrations of pharmaceuticals discharged to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hajj-Mohamad
- Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water Treatment, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - H Darwano
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - S Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - S Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Prévost
- NSERC Industrial Chair in Drinking Water Treatment, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - H P H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Dorner
- Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
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14
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Comtois-Marotte S, Chappuis T, Vo Duy S, Gilbert N, Lajeunesse A, Taktek S, Desrosiers M, Veilleux É, Sauvé S. Analysis of emerging contaminants in water and solid samples using high resolution mass spectrometry with a Q Exactive orbital ion trap and estrogenic activity with YES-assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:400-411. [PMID: 27705827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trace emerging contaminants (ECs) occur in both waste and surface waters that are rich in particulates that have been found to sorb several organic contaminants. An analytical method based on off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was developed for the detection and quantification of 31 ECs from surface water, wastewater, suspended particulate matter (SPM) as well as sediments. Lyophilized sediments and air-dried SPM were subjected to ultrasonic extraction. Water samples and extracts were then concentrated and cleaned-up by off-line SPE. Quantification was realized using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer in both full scan (FS) and MS2 modes. These two modes were optimized and compared to determine which one was the most suitable for each matrix studied. Yeast estrogen screen assay (YES-assay) adapted from the direct measurement of estrogenic activity without sample extraction was tested on filtered wastewater samples. An endocrine disrupting effect was detected in all effluent samples analyzed with estradiol equivalent concentrations ranging from 4.4 to 720 ng eq E2 L-1 for the WWTP-1 and 6.5-42 ng eq E2 L-1 for the WWTP-2. The analytical methods were also applied on six samples of surface water, the corresponding SPM, the sediments and thirty-nine effluent samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) sampled over a period of five months (February to June 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Chappuis
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - André Lajeunesse
- Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Salma Taktek
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Éloïse Veilleux
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Lafleur B, Sauvé S, Duy SV, Labrecque M. Phytoremediation of groundwater contaminated with pesticides using short-rotation willow crops: A case study of an apple orchard. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:1128-1135. [PMID: 27196962 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1186593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pesticides in groundwater represents an important health issue, notably for population whose drinking water supply source is located in agricultural areas. However, few solutions have been considered with regard to this issue. We tested the efficacy of a vegetal filtering system made of shrub willows planted at a high density (16,000 plants ha(-1)) to filter or degrade pesticides found in the groundwater flowing out of an apple orchard. Ethylene urea (EU), ethylene thiourea (ETU), tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI), atrazine, and desethylatrazine were monitored in the soil solution in willow and control plots over one growing season. ETU and atrazine concentrations were lower in the willow plots relative to the control plots, whereas desethylatrazine concentration was higher in the willow plots. No significant difference was detected for EU and THPI. Furthermore, pesticide concentrations displayed complex temporal patterns. These results suggest that willow filter systems can filter or degrade pesticides, notably ETU and atrazine, and could be used for phytoremediation purposes. Yet, this potential remains to be quantified with further studies using experimental settings allowing more estimation in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lafleur
- a Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- b Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- b Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- a Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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