1
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Jicsinszky L, Bucciol F, Chaji S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers. Molecules 2023; 28:8031. [PMID: 38138521 PMCID: PMC10745761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical treatment of various organic molecules is an emerging technology of green processes in biofuel, fine chemicals, or food production. Many biopolymers are involved in isolating, derivating, or modifying molecules of natural origin. Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool to achieve these goals, but the unintentional modification of biopolymers by mechanochemical manipulation is not always obvious or even detectable. Although modeling molecular changes caused by mechanical stresses in cavitation and grinding processes is feasible in small model compounds, simulation of extrusion processes primarily relies on phenomenological approaches that allow only tool- and material-specific conclusions. The development of analytical and computational techniques allows for the inline and real-time control of parameters in various mechanochemical processes. Using artificial intelligence to analyze process parameters and product characteristics can significantly improve production optimization. We aim to review the processes and consequences of possible chemical, physicochemical, and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
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2
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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Margate J, Virot M, Dumas T, Jégou C, Chave T, Cot-Auriol M, Alves A, Nikitenko SI. Micrometric drilling of (meta-)studtite square platelets formed by pseudomorphic conversion of UO 2 under high-frequency ultrasound. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132059. [PMID: 37478590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomorphic transformations are related to chemical conversions of materials while conserving their shape and structural features. Structuring ceramic shapes this way can be used to tailor the physico-chemical properties of materials that can benefit particular applications. In the context of spent nuclear fuel storage interacting with radiolysis products, the sonochemical behavior of powdered UO2 was investigated in dilute aqueous solutions saturated with Ar/(20 %)O2 (20 °C). Optimized parameter settings enabled the complete conversion of UO2 micrometric platelets into uranyl peroxide precipitates, referred to as (meta-)studtite [(UO2(O2)(H2O)2)xH2O] with x = 2 or 4. While the most acidic conditions yielded elongated crystal shapes in agreement with a dissolution/reprecipitation mechanism, softer conditions allowed the pseudomorphic transformation of the platelet shape oxide suggesting a complex formation mechanism. For specific conditions, this unprecedented morphology was accompanied with the formation of a hole in the platelet center. Investigations revealed that the formation of the drilled polymorphs is related to a perfect blend of H+, in-situ generation of H2O2 and high-frequency ultrasound, and is most probably related to the sono-capillary effect. These insights pave the way for new sonochemical approaches dedicated to the preparation of material polymorphs tailoring specific structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Margate
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - Matthieu Virot
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Thomas Dumas
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Tony Chave
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Ange Alves
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
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4
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Hu C, van Bonn P, Demco DE, Bolm C, Pich A. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stimuli Responsive Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305783. [PMID: 37177824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical approaches are widely used for the efficient, solvent-free synthesis of organic molecules, however their applicability to the synthesis of functional polymers has remained underexplored. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that mechanochemically triggered free-radical polymerization allows solvent- and initiator-free syntheses of structurally and morphologically well-defined complex functional macromolecular architectures, namely stimuliresponsive microgels. The developed mechanochemical polymerization approach is applicable to a variety of monomers and allows synthesizing microgels with tunable chemical structure, variable size, controlled number of crosslinks and reactive functional end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Hu
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E Demco
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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5
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Głowniak S, Szczęśniak B, Choma J, Jaroniec M. Recent Developments in Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062639. [PMID: 36985612 PMCID: PMC10051140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds are commonly used in medical imaging, solution homogenization, navigation, and ranging, but they are also a great energy source for chemical reactions. Sonochemistry uses ultrasounds and thus realizes one of the basic concepts of green chemistry, i.e., energy savings. Moreover, reduced reaction time, mostly using water as a solvent, and better product yields are among the many factors that make ultrasound-induced reactions greener than those performed under conventional conditions. Sonochemistry has been successfully implemented for the preparation of various materials; this review covers sonochemically synthesized nanoporous materials. For instance, sonochemical-assisted methods afforded ordered mesoporous silicas, spherical mesoporous silicas, periodic mesoporous organosilicas, various metal oxides, biomass-derived activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, diverse metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. Among these materials, highly porous samples have also been prepared, such as garlic peel-derived activated carbon with an apparent specific surface area of 3887 m2/g and MOF-177 with an SSA of 4898 m2/g. Additionally, many of them have been examined for practical usage in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, and energy storage-related applications, yielding satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głowniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Barbara Szczęśniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Choma
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sun Y, Yang Z, Dai S. Nonclassical Strong Metal-Support Interactions for Enhanced Catalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2364-2377. [PMID: 36848324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which encompasses reversible encapsulation and de-encapsulation and modulation of surface adsorption properties, imposes great impacts on the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. Recent development of SMSI has surpassed the prototypical encapsulated Pt-TiO2 catalyst, affording a series of conceptually novel and practically advantageous catalytic systems. Here we provide our perspective on recent progress in nonclassical SMSIs for enhanced catalysis. Unravelling the structural complexity of SMSI necessitates the combination of multiple characterization techniques at different scales. Synthesis strategies leveraging chemical, photonic, and mechanochemical driving forces further expand the definition and application scope of SMSI. Exquisite structure engineering permits elucidation of the interface, entropy, and size effect on the geometric and electronic characteristics. Materials innovation places the atomically thin two-dimensional materials at the forefront of interfacial active site control. A broader space is awaiting exploration, where exploitation of metal-support interactions brings compelling catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Bartalucci E, Schumacher C, Hendrickx L, Puccetti F, d'Anciães Almeida Silva I, Dervişoğlu R, Puttreddy R, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Disentangling the Effect of Pressure and Mixing on a Mechanochemical Bromination Reaction by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203466. [PMID: 36445819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces, including compressive stresses, have a significant impact on chemical reactions. Besides the preparative opportunities, mechanochemical conditions benefit from the absence of any organic solvent, the possibility of a significant synthetic acceleration and unique reaction pathways. Together with an accurate characterization of ball-milling products, the development of a deeper mechanistic understanding of the occurring transformations at a molecular level is critical for fully grasping the potential of organic mechanosynthesis. We herein studied a bromination of a cyclic sulfoximine in a mixer mill and used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural characterization of the reaction products. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) was applied for elucidating the product mixtures taken from the milling jar without introducing any further post-processing on the sample. Ex situ 13 C-detected NMR spectra of ball-milling products showed the formation of a crystalline solid phase with the regioselective bromination of the S-aryl group of the heterocycle in position 4. Completion is reached in less than 30 minutes as deduced from the NMR spectra. The bromination can also be achieved by magnetic stirring, but then, a longer reaction time is required. Mixing the solid educts in the NMR rotor allows to get in situ insights into the reaction and enables the detection of a reaction intermediate. The pressure alone induced in the rotor by MAS is not sufficient to lead to full conversion and the reaction occurs on slower time scales than in the ball mill, which is crucial for analysing mixtures taken from the milling jar by solid-state NMR. Our data suggest that on top of centrifugal forces, an efficient mixing of the starting materials is required for reaching a complete reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leeroy Hendrickx
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesco Puccetti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Craig SL. Concluding remarks: Fundamentals, applications and future of mechanochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:485-491. [PMID: 36472143 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the Faraday Discussions meeting on "Mechanochemistry: fundamentals, applications, and future" in the context of broad themes whose exploration might contribute to a unified framework of mechanochemical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA.
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9
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Amer MM, Hommelsheim R, Schumacher C, Kong D, Bolm C. Electro-mechanochemical approach towards the chloro sulfoximidations of allenes under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:79-90. [PMID: 36128995 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An electro-mechanochemical protocol for the synthesis of vinylic sulfoximines has been developed. Utilising mechanochemically strained BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the catalytic active system is generated in situ by the reduction of copper(II) chloride. Various combinations of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups are tolerated, and the approach leads to products with difunctionalised double bonds in good to excellent yields. Attempts to add a sulfoximidoyl chloride to an alkyne proved difficult. Additions of a sulfonyl iodide to allenes and alkynes proceeded smoothly in the presence of silica gel without the need for activation by a piezoelectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Amer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. .,Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Deshen Kong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Boldyreva E. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying - retrospect, achievements and challenges. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:9-62. [PMID: 36519434 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a view on the achievements, challenges and prospects of mechanochemistry. The extensive reference list can serve as a good entry point to a plethora of mechanochemical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS & Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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11
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Comparison of the Conventional and Mechanochemical Syntheses of Cyclodextrin Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020467. [PMID: 36677527 PMCID: PMC9861519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists are working hard to find green alternatives to classical synthetic methods. Today, state-of-the-art ultrasonic and grinding techniques already drive the production of organic compounds on an industrial scale. The physicochemical and chemical behavior of cyclodextrins often differs from the typical properties of classic organic compounds and carbohydrates. The usually poor solubility and complexing properties of cyclodextrins can require special techniques. By eliminating or reducing the amount of solvent needed, green alternatives can reform classical synthetic methods, making them attractive for environmentally friendly production and the circular economy. The lack of energy-intensive synthetic and purification steps could transform currently inefficient processes into feasible methods. Mechanochemical reaction mechanisms are generally different from normal solution-chemistry mechanisms. The absence of a solvent and the presence of very high local temperatures for microseconds facilitate the synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives that are impossible or difficult to produce under classical solution-chemistry conditions. Although mechanochemistry does not provide a general solution to all problems, several good examples show that this new technology can open up efficient synthetic pathways.
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12
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Gai WZ, Tian S, Liu MH, Zhang X, Deng ZY. Synergistic effect and mechanisms of ultrasound and AlOOH suspension on Al hydrolysis for hydrogen production. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106189. [PMID: 36208490 PMCID: PMC9547310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound can accelerate and change the reaction process and is widely used in the field of hydrogen production and storage. In this study, ultrasound (US) and AlOOH suspension (AH) are used to promote hydrogen production from Al hydrolysis. The results indicate that both US and AH greatly shorten the induction time and enhance the hydrogen production rate and yield. The promoting effect of US and AH on Al hydrolysis originates from the acoustic cavitation effect and catalytic effect, respectively. When AH is used in combination with US, Al hydrolysis has the best hydrogen production performance and the hydrogen yield can reach 96.6 % within 1.2 h, because there is a synergistic effect on Al hydrolysis between AH and US. Mechanism analyses reveal that the micro-jets and local high temperature environment arising from acoustic cavitation improve the catalytic activity of AlOOH, while the suspended AlOOH particles enhance the cavitation effect of US. This work provides a novel and feasible method to promote hydrogen production from Al hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhuo Gai
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Shuang Tian
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; College of Physics Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Deng
- Energy Materials & Physics Group, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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13
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Liu Y, Li X, Liu Q, Li X, Liu H. Electromagnetic Mill Promoted Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6604-6608. [PMID: 36047785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electromagnetic mill (EMM) promoted mechanochemical solvent-free palladium-catalyzed borylation of aryl bromides using low palladium catalyst loading (0.05-0.5 mol %) was realized. This protocol exhibits many advantages, such as broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, short reaction times, no additional heating, and practical gram-scale synthesis. This EMM system not only showed excellent prospects for industrial application but also unlocked broad areas of solvent-free solid-state metal-catalyzed syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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15
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Koifman OI, Ageeva TA. Main Strategies for the Synthesis of meso-Arylporphyrins. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9156840 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
meso-Arylporphyrins as most accessible tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles have always been the focus of attention from researchers concerned with practically useful properties of these compounds. The first syntheses of meso-arylporphyrins date back to about 90 years ago. Up to now, the yields of these compounds have been improved from 5 to 80%. The present review analyzes different ways and strategies for the synthesis of meso-aryl-substituted porphyrins. The most efficient methods that can be scaled up to an industrial level have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. I. Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - T. A. Ageeva
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
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16
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Xu S, Zhang W, Wang C, Peng W, Shi G, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, He Y, Qiao X, Pang X. Mechanically induced atom transfer radical polymerization with high efficiency via piezoelectric heterostructures. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Versaw BA, Zeng T, Hu X, Robb MJ. Harnessing the Power of Force: Development of Mechanophores for Molecular Release. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21461-21473. [PMID: 34927426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that release small molecules in response to mechanical force are promising materials for a variety of applications ranging from sensing and catalysis to targeted drug delivery. Within the rapidly growing field of polymer mechanochemistry, stress-sensitive molecules known as mechanophores are particularly attractive for enabling the release of covalently bound payloads with excellent selectivity and control. Here, we review recent progress in the development of mechanophore-based molecular release platforms and provide an optimistic, yet critical perspective on the fundamental and technological advancements that are still required for this promising research area to achieve significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Versaw
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tian Zeng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaoran Hu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maxwell J Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Küng R, Göstl R, Schmidt BM. Release of Molecular Cargo from Polymer Systems by Mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103860. [PMID: 34878679 PMCID: PMC9306765 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design and manipulation of (multi)functional materials at the nanoscale holds the promise of fuelling tomorrow's major technological advances. In the realm of macromolecular nanosystems, the incorporation of force‐responsive groups, so called mechanophores, has resulted in unprecedented access to responsive behaviours and enabled sophisticated functions of the resulting structures and advanced materials. Among the diverse force‐activated motifs, the on‐demand release or activation of compounds, such as catalysts, drugs, or monomers for self‐healing, are sought‐after since they enable triggering pristine small molecule function from macromolecular frameworks. Here, we highlight examples of molecular cargo release systems from polymer‐based architectures in solution by means of sonochemical activation by ultrasound (ultrasound‐induced mechanochemistry). Important design concepts of these advanced materials are discussed, as well as their syntheses and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Küng
- Heinrich-Heine-Univerität Düsseldorf, Department of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI-Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien: DWI-Leibniz-Institut fur Interaktive Materialien, Department of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, 26.33.U1.R38, 40225, Düsseldorf, GERMANY
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Schumacher C, Molitor C, Smid S, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Syntheses of N-Containing Heterocycles with TosMIC. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14213-14222. [PMID: 34405999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A mechanochemical van Leusen pyrrole synthesis with a base leads to 3,4-disubstitued pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields. The developed protocol is compatible with a range of electron-withdrawing groups and can also be applied to the synthesis of oxazoles. Attempts to mechanochemically convert the resulting pyrroles into porphyrins proved to be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claude Molitor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Smid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9 B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9 B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Kim HN, Suslick KS. Sonofragmentation of Organic Molecular Crystals vs Strength of Materials. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13997-14003. [PMID: 33720713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry, the interface between the chemical and the mechanical worlds, includes the relationship between the chemical and mechanical properties of solids. In this work, fragmentation of organic molecular crystals during ultrasonic irradiation of slurries has been quantitatively investigated. This has particular relevance to nucleation processes during sonocrystallization, which is increasingly used in the processing and formulation of numerous pharmaceutical agents (PAs). We have discovered that the rates of sonofragmentation are very strongly correlated with the strength of the materials (as measured by Vickers hardness and Young's modulus). This is a mechanochemical extension of the Bell-Evans-Polanyi Principle or Hammond's Postulate: the kinetics (i.e., rates) of solid fracture correlate with thermodynamic properties of solids (e.g., Young's modulus). The mechanism of the particle breakage is consistent with a direct interaction between the shockwaves or localized microjets created by the ultrasound (through acoustic cavitation) and the solid particles in the slurry. Comparisons of the sonofragmentation patterns of ionic and molecular crystals showed that ionic crystals are more sensitive to sonofragmentation than molecular crystals for a given Young's modulus. The rates of sonofragmentation are proposed to correlate with the types and densities of imperfections in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Na Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
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21
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Toward a Greener World-Cyclodextrin Derivatization by Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175193. [PMID: 34500627 PMCID: PMC8433980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are a challenge, mainly due to solubility problems. In many cases, the synthesis of CD derivatives requires high-boiling solvents, whereas the product isolation from the aqueous methods often requires energy-intensive processes. Complex formation faces similar challenges in that it involves interacting materials with conflicting properties. However, many authors also refer to the formation of non-covalent bonds, such as the formation of inclusion complexes or metal–organic networks, as reactions or synthesis, which makes it difficult to classify the technical papers. In many cases, the solubility of both the starting material and the product in the same solvent differs significantly. The sweetest point of mechanochemistry is the reduced demand or complete elimination of solvents from the synthesis. The lack of solvents can make syntheses more economical and greener. The limited molecular movements in solid-state allow the preparation of CD derivatives, which are difficult to produce under solvent reaction conditions. A mechanochemical reaction generally has a higher reagent utilization rate. When the reaction yields a good guest co-product, solvent-free conditions can be slower than in solution conditions. Regioselective syntheses of per-6-amino and alkylthio-CD derivatives or insoluble cyclodextrin polymers and nanosponges are good examples of what a greener technology can offer through solvent-free reaction conditions. In the case of thiolated CD derivatives, the absence of solvents results in significant suppression of the thiol group oxidation, too. The insoluble polymer synthesis is also more efficient when using the same molar ratio of the reagents as the solution reaction. Solid reactants not only reduce the chance of hydrolysis of multifunctional reactants or side reactions, but the spatial proximity of macrocycles also reduces the length of the spacing formed by the crosslinker. The structure of insoluble polymers of the mechanochemical reactions generally is more compact, with fewer and shorter hydrophilic arms than the products of the solution reactions.
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Chen L, Dai Y, Hou H, Wang W, Ding X, Zhang H, Li X, Dong H. Effect of high pressure microfluidization on the morphology, structure and rheology of sweet potato starch. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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24
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Etaiw SEDH, Fayed TA, El-Aziz DMA, Khattab HM. Self-assembly and Nano scaled Ni (II) Coordination Complex as an Efficient Catalyst and Luminescent Sensor. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhou X, Miao Y, Suslick KS, Dlott DD. Mechanochemistry of Metal-Organic Frameworks under Pressure and Shock. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2806-2815. [PMID: 32935969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMetal-organic framework solids (MOFs) are synthetic nanoporous materials that have drawn intense efforts in synthesis and characterization of chemical properties, most notably for their ability to adsorb liquids and gases. They are constructed as "node-spacer" nanostructured materials: metal centers (ions or clusters) connected by organic linkers (commonly containing carboxylate or imidazolate groups) to form crystalline, extended, often highly nanoporous structures. MOFs exhibit a variety of advantages over conventional porous materials: rationally designed synthesis of desired crystal structures and crystal engineering become feasible; great synthetic versatility and ease of incorporating different chemical functionalities are realized; and the use of lightweight organic linkers allows for ultrahigh surface area and porosity previously not accessible to conventional materials (i.e., zeolites and porous carbon). As a consequence, MOFs show great promise for a rapidly expanding collection of applications such as gas storage, separations, catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery.The mechanochemistry of MOFs and their response to shock waves, which we discuss in this Account, have been only partially explored. Mechanochemistry, the connection between the mechanical and the chemical worlds, has ancient origins. Rubbing sticks together to start a fire is mechanochemistry. Only in the past decade or so, however, has mechanochemistry gained a notable focus in the chemical community. In the following discussion, we present a general introduction to the complex mechanochemical behavior of MOFs both under quasi-static compression and under shock loading created by high-speed impact. During elastic deformation, MOFs undergo reversible structural or phase transitions. Plastic deformation of MOFs can result in mechanochemistry and can permanently modify the crystal structure, the pore dimensions and configuration, and the chemical bonding. The large energies required to induce bond rearrangement during plastic deformation suggest an interesting potential of MOFs for shock wave mitigation applications.MOFs are promising materials for shock energy dissipation because of the high density of nanopores which can absorb shock energy as they collapse. We have recently developed a platform to assess shock wave energy attenuation by MOFs and other powdered materials. It uses a tabletop laser-driven flyer plate to impact MOF samples at velocities of up to 2.0 km/s. The pressure of the shock waves that break out from the MOF sample can be measured by photon Doppler velocimetry. By measuring the shock profiles of MOF layers with different thicknesses, we can determine the shock pressure attenuation by the MOF layer. We have identified the two-wave structure of shocks in MOFs caused by nanopore collapse. Electron micrographs of recovered shocked MOFs show distinct zones in the shocked material corresponding to shock powder compaction, nanopore collapse, and chemical bond destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yurun Miao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Suslick
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dana D. Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Patel DH, Marx D, East ALL. Improving the Yield and Rate of Acid-Catalyzed Deconstruction of Lignin by Mechanochemical Activation. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2660-2666. [PMID: 32845560 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a potential biomass feedstock from plant material, but it is particularly difficult to economically process. Inspired by recent ball-milling results, state-of-the-art quantum mechanochemistry calculations have been performed to isolate and probe the purely mechanochemical stretching effect alone upon acid-catalyzed deconstruction of lignin. Effects upon cleavage of several exemplary simple ethers are examined first, and with low stretching force they all are predicted to cleave substantially faster, allowing for use of milder acids and lower temperatures. Effects upon an experimentally known lignin fragment model (containing the ubiquitous β-O-4 linkage) are next examined; this first required a mechanism refinement (3-step indirect cleavage, 1-step side reaction) and identification of the rate-limiting step under zero-force (thermal) conditions. Mechanochemical activation using very low stretching forces improves at first only yield, by fully shutting off the ring-closure side reaction. At only somewhat larger forces, in stark contrast, a switch in mechanism is found to occur, from 3-step indirect cleavage to the direct cleavage mechanism of simple ethers, finally strongly enhancing the cleavage rate of lignin. It is concluded that mechanochemical activation of the common β-O-4 link in lignin would improve the rate of its acidolysis via a mechanism switch past a low force threshold. Relevance to ball-milling experiments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan H Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Allan L L East
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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27
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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Chávez-Martínez A, Reyes-Villagrana RA, Rentería-Monterrubio AL, Sánchez-Vega R, Tirado-Gallegos JM, Bolivar-Jacobo NA. Low and High-Intensity Ultrasound in Dairy Products: Applications and Effects on Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality. Foods 2020; 9:E1688. [PMID: 33218106 PMCID: PMC7698897 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products have a major role in human nutrition, as they contribute essential nutrients for child development. The nutritional properties of dairy products are maintained despite applying traditional processing techniques. Nowadays, so-called emerging technologies have also been implemented for food manufacture and preservation purposes. Low- and high-intensity ultrasounds are among these technologies. Low-intensity ultrasounds have been used to determine, analyze and characterize the physical characteristics of foods, while high-intensity ultrasounds are applied to accelerate particular biological, physical and chemical processes during food product handling and transformation. The objective of this review is to explain the phenomenology of ultrasounds and to detail the differences between low and high-intensity ultrasounds, as well as to present the advantages and disadvantages of each one in terms of the processing, quality and preservation of milk and dairy products. Additionally, it reviews the rheological, physicochemical and microbiological applications in dairy products, such as raw milk, cream, yogurt, butter, ice cream and cheese. Finally, it explains some methodologies for the generation of emulsions, homogenates, crystallization, etc. Currently, low and high-intensity ultrasounds are an active field of study, and they might be promising tools in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Chávez-Martínez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R, Almada km 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Mexico; (A.L.R.-M.); (R.S.-V.); (J.M.T.-G.); (N.A.B.-J.)
| | - Raúl Alberto Reyes-Villagrana
- Catedrático CONACYT, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City C.P. 03940, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Rentería-Monterrubio
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R, Almada km 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Mexico; (A.L.R.-M.); (R.S.-V.); (J.M.T.-G.); (N.A.B.-J.)
| | - Rogelio Sánchez-Vega
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R, Almada km 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Mexico; (A.L.R.-M.); (R.S.-V.); (J.M.T.-G.); (N.A.B.-J.)
| | - Juan Manuel Tirado-Gallegos
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R, Almada km 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Mexico; (A.L.R.-M.); (R.S.-V.); (J.M.T.-G.); (N.A.B.-J.)
| | - Norma Angélica Bolivar-Jacobo
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Fco. R, Almada km 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Mexico; (A.L.R.-M.); (R.S.-V.); (J.M.T.-G.); (N.A.B.-J.)
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Etaiw SEH, Abd El-Aziz DM, Elzeny I. Nano-architecture cobalt (III) supramolecular coordination polymer based on host-guest recognition as an effective catalyst for phenolic degradation and chemical sensor. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Farahmand Kateshali A, Soleimannejad J, Sañudo EC. Sonochemical synthesis of two nanoscale Co(II) coordination compounds: Facile fabrication of Co3O4 nanoparticles with various morphologies. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Titi HM, Do JL, Howarth AJ, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Simple, scalable mechanosynthesis of metal-organic frameworks using liquid-assisted resonant acoustic mixing (LA-RAM). Chem Sci 2020; 11:7578-7584. [PMID: 34094134 PMCID: PMC8159441 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rapid and readily scalable methodology for the mechanosynthesis of diverse metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the absence of milling media typically required for other types of mechanochemical syntheses. We demonstrate the use of liquid-assisted resonant acoustic mixing (LA-RAM) methodology for the synthesis of three- and two-dimensional MOFs based on Zn(ii), Co(ii) and Cu(ii), including a mixed ligand system. Importantly, the LA-RAM approach also allowed the synthesis of the ZIF-L framework that has never been previously obtained in a mechanochemical environment, as well as its Co(ii) analogue. Straightforward scale-up from milligrams to at least 25 grams is demonstrated using the metastable framework ZIF-L as the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Ashlee J Howarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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Etaiw SEH, Fayed TA, Abd El‐Aziz DM, Khatab HM. Ultrasound‐assisted nanoscaled supramolecular coordination polymer as an efficient recyclable catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek A. Fayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceTanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | | | - Hayam M. Khatab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceTanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Ultrasound-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3600. [PMID: 31684008 PMCID: PMC6862563 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic agitation is an external stimulus, rapidly developed in recent years in the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach. This review presents the current state-of-the-art in the application of ultrasound in ATRP, including an initially-developed, mechanically-initiated solution with the use of piezoelectric nanoparticles, that next goes to the ultrasonication-mediated method utilizing ultrasound as a factor for producing radicals through the homolytic cleavage of polymer chains, or the sonolysis of solvent or other small molecules. Future perspectives in the field of ultrasound in ATRP are presented, focusing on the preparation of more complex architectures with highly predictable molecular weights and versatile properties. The challenges also include biohybrid materials. Recent advances in the ultrasound-mediated ATRP point out this approach as an excellent tool for the synthesis of advanced materials with a wide range of potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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34
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Hazarika S, Barman P. Ultrasound Assisted Solvent/Metal Free Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylindoles Employing TBATB‐Grafted MCM‐48 as a suitable Heterogeneous Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Hazarika
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Silchar 788010, Assam India
| | - Pranjit Barman
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Silchar 788010, Assam India
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35
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Tigineh GT, Liu L. Systematic studies on mechanochemical synthesis: Schiff bases from solid aromatic primary amines and aldehydes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Tamiru Tigineh
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryBahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia
| | - Ling‐Kang Liu
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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36
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Radziuk D, Mikhnavets L, Vorokhta M, Matolín V, Tabulina L, Labunov V. Sonochemical Formation of Copper/Iron‐Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Ketorolac Delivery. Chemistry 2019; 25:6233-6245. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darya Radziuk
- Laboratory of Integrated Micro- and NanosystemsBelarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics P. Brovki Str. 6 220013 Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Lubov Mikhnavets
- Laboratory of Integrated Micro- and NanosystemsBelarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics P. Brovki Str. 6 220013 Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Department of Surface and Plasma ScienceCharles University of Prague V Holešovičkách 2 18000 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Department of Surface and Plasma ScienceCharles University of Prague V Holešovičkách 2 18000 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Tabulina
- Laboratory of Integrated Micro- and NanosystemsBelarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics P. Brovki Str. 6 220013 Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Vladimir Labunov
- Laboratory of Integrated Micro- and NanosystemsBelarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics P. Brovki Str. 6 220013 Minsk Republic of Belarus
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37
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3285-3299. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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39
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Colacino E, Porcheddu A, Charnay C, Delogu F. From enabling technologies to medicinal mechanochemistry: an eco-friendly access to hydantoin-based active pharmaceutical ingredients. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable preparation of hydantoin-based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) using modern non-conventional activation methods, including mechanochemistry is herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Colacino
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM)
- UMR-5253 CNRS-UM
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09028 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Clarence Charnay
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM)
- UMR-5253 CNRS-UM
- Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Italy
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40
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Rohde RC, Basu A, Okello LB, Barbee MH, Zhang Y, Velev OD, Nelson A, Craig SL. Mechanochromic composite elastomers for additive manufacturing and low strain mechanophore activation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Composite silicone inks provide access to 3D-printable elastomers that are mechanochemically active at lower strains that single component analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Lilian B. Okello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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41
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Furusawa A, Hine K, Hayashi Y, Takizawa H. Formation of particle of bismuth-indium alloys and particle diameter by ultrasonic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 50:322-330. [PMID: 30314819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of electronic equipment requires fine bonding. Therefore, it is necessary to miniaturize the solder particles used for bonding different materials. Ultrasonic cavitation is a technique that uses ultrasonic irradiation to synthesize such microparticles. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultrasonic irradiation conditions on synthetic microparticles produced by this technique. Spherical particles were obtained by irradiating Bi-45 wt% In melted in a solvent with ultrasonic waves for 15 s, and the resultant metal composition was found to be equivalent to the raw material composition. We found a clear correlation between the ultrasonic irradiation time and particle size. When irradiated for 60 min, the average particle diameter was 3.3 μm. In addition, the particle division rate decreased as the irradiation time increased, which is probably due to attenuation of the vibration wave as the boundary surface increased with the refinement of the particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Furusawa
- Production Engineering Laboratory, Panasonic Corporation, Osaka 5718502, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
| | - Kiyohiro Hine
- Production Engineering Laboratory, Panasonic Corporation, Osaka 5718502, Japan
| | - Yamato Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi 9808579, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Takizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi 9808579, Japan
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42
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Li DS, Lee YT, Xi Y, Pelivanov I, O'Donnell M, Pozzo LD. A small-angle scattering environment for in situ ultrasound studies. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5283-5293. [PMID: 29897086 PMCID: PMC6040585 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic devices are common tools in laboratory and industrial settings to produce cavitation events for cleaning, emulsification, cell lysis and other materials applications. Effects of sonication at the macroscopic scale can be visible while effects at the molecular and nano-scales are not easily probed and, therefore, not fully understood. We present a new small angle scattering sample environment designed specifically to study structural changes occurring in various types of dispersions at the nano-scale due to ultrasonic acoustic waves. The sample environment features two face-to-face high-intensity focused ultrasound transducers coaxially aligned and normal to the neutron/X-ray beam propagation direction. A third broadband transducer is fixed beneath the scattering volume to acoustically monitor for cavitation events. By correlating acoustic data to scattering data, measured structural changes can be correlated to changes in parameters such as frequency, acoustic pressure, or cavitation pressure threshold. Several example applications of colloidal systems effectively influenced by ultrasound fields are also presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the device and to motivate future work on in situ scattering analysis of ultrasound materials processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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43
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Nair RR, Raju M, Jana K, Mondal D, Suresh E, Ganguly B, Chatterjee PB. Instant Detection of Hydrogen Cyanide Gas and Cyanide Salts in Solid Matrices and Water by using Cu II and Ni II Complexes of Intramolecularly Hydrogen Bonded Zwitterions. Chemistry 2018; 24:10721-10731. [PMID: 29797369 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded zwitterionic compartmental ligands HL1-HL4, containing a pendent diamine arm that is monoprotonated and an aldehyde functionality at two different ortho-positions of a 4-halophenoxide, is reported herein. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) provides persuasive evidence for the identification of this class of proton-transferred zwitterions at room temperature. The solid-state photoluminescent nature of these zwitterions remains intact in aqueous and organic solutions. Grinding of HL1 and HL2 with Cu2+ /Ni2+ salts develop turn-on probes 1-4. Compounds 1 and 4 are dinuclear CuII and NiII species, respectively. Compound 2 is a tetranuclear CuII complex. Interestingly, compound 3 is a mononuclear NiII species in which both nitrogen atoms in the pendant diamine arm are protonated and, therefore, not coordinated to the NiII center. All these probes (1-4) display an instant response to the poison gas hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanide salts present in both solid matrices and aqueous (100 % water) solution. Selective and rapid sensing of HCN gas and cyanide salts in solid/soil/water phases, without any interference, by the mechanosynthesized complexes 1-4 can be perceived easily by the naked eye under a hand-held UV lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - M Raju
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Kalyanashis Jana
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Mondal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - E Suresh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
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44
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Tan D, Loots L, Friščić T. Towards medicinal mechanochemistry: evolution of milling from pharmaceutical solid form screening to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:7760-81. [PMID: 27185190 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This overview highlights the emergent area of mechanochemical reactions for making active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and covers the latest advances in the recently established area of mechanochemical screening and synthesis of pharmaceutical solid forms, specifically polymorphs, cocrystals, salts and salt cocrystals. We also provide an overview of the most recent developments in pharmaceutical uses of mechanochemistry, including real-time reaction monitoring, techniques for polymorph control and approaches for continuous manufacture using twin screw extrusion, and more. Most importantly, we show how the overlap of previously unrelated areas of mechanochemical screening for API solid forms, organic synthesis by milling, and mechanochemical screening for molecular recognition, enables the emergence of a new research discipline in which different aspects of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry are addressed through mechanochemistry rather than through conventional solution-based routes. The emergence of such medicinal mechanochemistry is likely to have a strong impact on future pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, as it offers not only access to materials and reactivity that are sometimes difficult or even impossible to access from solution, but can also provide a general answer to the demands of the pharmaceutical industry for cleaner, safer and efficient synthetic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
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45
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Miao YR, Suslick KS. Mechanochemical Reactions of Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Sim Y, Tan D, Ganguly R, Li Y, García F. Orthogonality in main group compounds: a direct one-step synthesis of air- and moisture-stable cyclophosphazanes by mechanochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has been established to be an environmentally-friendly way of conducting reactions in a solvent-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
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48
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Hazrati Z, Akhbari K, Phuruangrat A. The effects of altering reaction conditions in green sonochemical synthesis of a thallium(I) coordination polymer and in achieving to different morphologies of thallium(III) oxide nanostructures via solid-state process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:662-668. [PMID: 28732992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to studies the effects of solvent and concentration of initial reagents on formation of [Tl(μ4-AB)]n (1), [HAB=4-aminobenzoic acid] coordination polymer, some experiments were designed and four samples of 1 were synthesized by sonochemical process. High concentration of initial reagents resulted in formation of compound 1 microrods. With low concentration of initial reagents, various morphologies of 1 were obtained. These four samples had been used as new precursors for preparation of thallium(III) oxide nanostructures via solid-state thermal decomposition process. One- and two-dimensional nanostructures of thallium(III) oxide can be prepared from 1. These micro and nanostructures were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hazrati
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kamran Akhbari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Anukorn Phuruangrat
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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49
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Su Z, Miao YR, Zhang G, Miller JT, Suslick KS. Bond breakage under pressure in a metal organic framework. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8004-8011. [PMID: 29568447 PMCID: PMC5853553 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03786d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal free volume of porous materials diminishes upon mechanical compression, and such volume collapse can have chemical consequences.
The internal free volume of porous materials diminishes upon mechanical compression, and such volume collapse can have chemical consequences. We report here the endothermic bond breakage in a metal-organic framework (MOF) during compression-induced collapse. Upon bulk compression at 1.9 GPa, the effective number for Zr–O bonds between Zr(iv) ions and carboxylate groups in UiO-66 decreased from 4.0 to 1.9, as determined by EXAFS, and the internal free volume was synchronously collapsed. Consistent with the EXAFS data, IR spectra confirmed conversion of syn–syn bridging carboxylates to monodentate ligation, thus establishing mechanochemical reactions induced by external compression of MOFs. Substantial mechanical energy (∼4 kJ g–1) was absorbed by UiO-66 nanocrystals during compression, as demonstrated from nanocompression of single crystals (600 nm) in situ during scanning electron microscopy, which establishes the potential application of MOFs as mechanical energy absorbers for hydrostatic and shock compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA . .,School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Run Miao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA .
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , USA
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA .
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50
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Michael P, Sheidaee Mehr SK, Binder WH. Synthesis and characterization of polymer linked copper(I) bis(N
-heterocyclic carbene) mechanocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Michael
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4; Halle D-06120 Germany
| | - Shima Khazraee Sheidaee Mehr
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4; Halle D-06120 Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lacktechnologie; Hochschule Niederrhein, Adlerstraße 1; Krefeld D-47798 Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4; Halle D-06120 Germany
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