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Liu M, Sheng Y, Guo F, Wu J, Huang Y, Yang X, Wang M, Zhang S, Li P. Therapeutic potential of esculetin in various cancer types (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:305. [PMID: 38774454 PMCID: PMC11106741 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Esculetin (Esc), a coumarin derivative and herbal medicinal compound used in traditional Chinese medicine, is extracted from Fraxinus chinensis. Esc has shown notable potential in the inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and cell cycle arrest in various cancer cell lines. The present review is based on research articles regarding Esc in the field of carcinoma, published between 2009 and 2023. These studies have unanimously demonstrated that Esc can effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation through diverse mechanisms and modulate multiple signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, MAPK and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. In addition, the safety profile of Esc has been demonstrated in credible animal experiments, which has indicated Esc as an effective compound. Furthermore, the combination therapy of Esc with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs holds great promise. The aim of the present review was to encourage further studies and applications of Esc in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Sheng
- Teaching Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shanfeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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He X, Wang S, Liu B, Jiang D, Chen F, Mao G, Jin W, Pan H, Zhong W. Sulfated modification of hyaluronan tetrasaccharide enhances its antitumor activity on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128945. [PMID: 35987509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan polymer involved in cell phenotype change, inflammation modulation, and tumor metastasis progression. HA oligosaccharides have a higher solubility and drug-forming ability than polysaccharides. HA tetrasaccharide was reported as the smallest fragment required for inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer, but the anti-tumor activity of HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) and its sulfated derivatives in lung cancer is still unknown. In this study, HA4 was prepared via HA degradation by chondroitinase ABC (CSABC), while its sulfated derivatives were prepared by sulfur pyridine trioxide complex in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Then, the anti-tumor activity was detected via MTT assay and xenograft tumor experiments, while the expression level change of apoptosis genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis showed several HA4 sulfated derivatives, GlcA2GlcNAc2 (SO3H)n contains 0-6 sulfation groups, which mainly contain 3-6, 2-3, and 0-1 sulfation groups were classified as HA4S1, HA4S2, and HA4S3, respectively. After the addition of 1.82 mg/mL HA4, HA4S1, HA4S2, and HA4S3, the cell viability of A549 cells was reduced to 81.2 %, 62.1 %, 50.3 %, and 65.9 %, respectively. Thus, HA4S2 was chosen for further measurement, the qRT-PCR results showed it significantly up-regulated the expression of genes in the apoptosis pathway. Moreover, HA4S2 exhibited stronger antitumor activity than HA4 in vivo and the tumor inhibition rate reached 36.90 %. In summary, this study indicated that the CSABC enzyme could effectively degrade HA into oligosaccharides, and sulfation modification was an effective method to enhance the antitumor activity of HA tetrasaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fen Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hongying Pan
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Mueed A, Shibli S, Jahangir M, Jabbar S, Deng Z. A comprehensive review of flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.): health-affecting compounds, mechanism of toxicity, detoxification, anticancer and potential risk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11081-11104. [PMID: 35833457 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed consumption (Linum usitatissimum L.) has increased due to its potential health benefits, such as protection against inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, flaxseeds also contains various anti-nutritive and toxic compounds such as cyanogenic glycosides, and phytic acids etc. In this case, the long-term consumption of flaxseed may pose health risks due to these non-nutritional substances, which may be life threatening if consumed in high doses, although if appropriately utilized these may prevent/treat various diseases by preventing/inhibiting and or reversing the toxicity induced by other compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to remove or suppress the harmful and anti-nutritive effects of flaxseeds before these are utilized for large-scale as food for human consumption. Interestingly, the toxic compounds of flaxseed also undergoes biochemical detoxification in the body, transforming into less toxic or inactive forms like α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin etc. However, such detoxification is also a challenge for the development, scalability, and real-time quantification of these bioactive substances. This review focuses on the health affecting composition of flaxseed, along with health benefits and potential toxicity of its components, detoxification methods and mechanisms with evidence supported by animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sahar Shibli
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Zheng C, Liu T, Liu H, Wang J. Role of BCL-2 Family Proteins in Apoptosis and its Regulation by Nutrients. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:799-806. [PMID: 31880257 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191227122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the body, millions of cells die and proliferate each day to maintain normal function and cooperation of all tissues, organs, and systems. Thus, programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is critical to sustain growth, development, and body health. The vital role of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins in apoptosis has been identified. The BCL-2 family includes both pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, which are structurally and functionally related, containing up to four BCL-2 homology (BH) motifs (BH1-4). There are also some nutritional factors that regulate apoptosis via the BCL-2 family proteins. In this review, the BCL-2 family proteins and their apoptosis-inducing mechanism have been discussed, along with the nutrient factors that regulate apoptosis through the BCL-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Okemo P, Long H, Cheng Y, Mundree S, Williams B. Stachyose triggers apoptotic like cell death in drought sensitive but not resilient plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7099. [PMID: 33782503 PMCID: PMC8007635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the most intensively researched fields in modern mammalian biology with roles in cancer, aging, diabetes and numerous neurodegenerative diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that PCD also plays significant roles in plant defence and responses to the environment. Given their unique ability to tolerate desiccation (cells remain viable even after they've lost 95% of their water), resurrection plants make ideal models to study the regulation of plant PCD pathways. Previously, we showed that the Australian resurrection plant, Tripogon loliiformis, suppresses plant PCD, via trehalose-mediated activation of autophagy pathways, during drying. In the present study, we created a full-length T. loliiformis cDNA library, performed a large-scale Agrobacterium screen for improved salinity tolerance and identified Stachyose synthase (TlStach) as a potential candidate for improving stress tolerance. Tripogon loliiformis shoots accumulate stachyose synthase transcripts and stachyose during drying. Attempts to generate transgenic plants expressing TlStach failed and were consistent with previous reports in mammals that demonstrated stachyose-mediated induction of apoptosis. Using a combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics and cell death assays (TUNNEL and DNA laddering), we investigated whether stachyose induces apoptotic-like cell death in T. loliiformis. We show that stachyose triggers the formation of the hallmarks of plant apoptotic-like cell death in the desiccation sensitive Nicotiana benthamiana but not the resilient T. loliiformis. These findings suggest that T. loliiformis suppresses stachyose-mediated apoptotic-like cell death and provides insights on the role of sugar metabolism and plant PCD pathways. A better understanding of how resilient plants regulate sugar metabolism and PCD pathways may facilitate future targeting of plant metabolic pathways for increased stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Okemo
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Long
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yen Cheng
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Liu Y, Yang J, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Carrier-Free Immobilization of α-Galactosidase as Nano-Biocatalysts for Synthesizing Prebiotic α-Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:1248. [PMID: 33669157 PMCID: PMC7956481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOSs) have great functions as prebiotics and therapeutics. This work established the method of batch synthesis of α-GOSs by immobilized α-galactosidase for the first time, laying a foundation for industrial applications in the future. The α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger L63 was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) nano-biocatalyst through enzyme precipitating and cross-linking steps without using carriers. Among the tested agents, the ammonium sulfate showed high precipitation efficacy and induced regular structures of α-galactosidase CLEAs (Aga-CLEAs) that had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the ammonium sulfate-induced Aga-CLEAs achieved a high activity recovery of around 90% at 0.55 U/mL of enzymes and 36.43 mM glutaraldehyde with cross-linking for 1.71 h. Aga-CLEAs showed increased thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance. The storage ability was also improved since it maintained 74.5% activity after storing at 4 °C for three months, significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (21.6%). Moreover, Aga-CLEAs exhibited excellent reusability in the α-GOSs synthesis from galactose, retaining above 66% of enzyme activity after 10 batch reactions, with product yields all above 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (K.W.); (F.D.)
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Hydroxy- α-sanshool Possesses Protective Potentials on H 2O 2-Stimulated PC12 Cells by Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis through Regulation of PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3481758. [PMID: 32695254 PMCID: PMC7368233 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3481758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp is a commonly used herbal medicine in China with effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic, improving learning and memory ability, while hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) is the most important active ingredient of Z. bungeanum pericarps. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of HAS and its related possible mechanisms using a H2O2-stimulated PC12 cell model. CCK-8 assay results showed that HAS had a significant protective effect on H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells without obvious cytotoxicity on normal PC12 cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope (DAPI staining and DCFH-DA staining) indicated that HAS could reduce the H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via reduction of intracellular ROS and increase of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, results of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) determination suggested that HAS could increase the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px whereas it could decrease the MDA contents in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. Furthermore, the western blotting assays showed that HAS could upregulate the expressions of p-PI3k, Akt, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, while it could downregulate the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. Collectively, it could be concluded according to our results that HAS possesses protective potentials on H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells through suppression of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via regulation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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8
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Yang C, Hu C, Zhang H, Chen W, Deng Q, Tang H, Huang F. Optimation for preparation of oligosaccharides from flaxseed gum and evaluation of antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1107-1116. [PMID: 31756466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed oligosaccharides (FGOS) were prepared by degradation of flaxseed gum (FG) using enzymatic method. Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of FG were investigated by single factor and orthogonal tests. In the optimum hydrolysis conditions (reaction time 12 h, temperature 50 °C, pH 4.5, cellulase concentration 100 U/mL), the reducing sugar ratio and extraction yield of FGOS were 33.6 ± 0.35% and 56.8 ± 0.41%, respectively. The average molecular weight of FGOS was about 1.6 kDa, which consists of mannose, galactose, glucose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, xylose, rhamnose, ribose, galacturonic acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and NMR indicated that FG was successfully degraded to FGOS. FGOS exhibited better antioxidant activities than FG on scavenging hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radicals. In vitro cytotoxicities experiments reveal FGOS acquire the ability of antiproliferation against HepG2 and Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chao Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
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Xia X, Dai Y, Wu H, Liu X, Wang Y, Yin L, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou J. Kombucha fermentation enhances the health-promoting properties of soymilk beverage. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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10
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Antitumour effect of glucooligosaccharides obtained via hydrolysis of α-(1 → 3)-glucan from Fomitopsis betulina. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5977-5982. [PMID: 31440877 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel α-(1 → 3)-glucooligosaccharides (α-(1 → 3)-GOS) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of α-(1→ 3)-glucan isolated from Fomitopsis betulina fruiting bodies and characterized. Their anti-cancer potential was evaluated in in vitro assays in a colon cancer cell model. The tested α-(1 → 3)-GOS showed antiproliferative (MTT assay) and pro-apoptotic (Annexin V-FITC and PI technique) features against colon cancer but not against normal epithelial colon cells. Additionally, we did not observe cytotoxic activity (neutral red and lactate dehydrogenase assays) of α-(1 → 3)-GOS against several types of normal cell lines. In the present study, we demonstrated the anticancer potential of α-(1 → 3)-GOS in a colon carcinoma model. The anti-tumour effect of α-(1 → 3)-GOS is related with induction of apoptosis. Based on these results, we conclude that α-(1 → 3)-GOS may be considered as a dietary or therapeutic agent with an ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
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11
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Wei YM, Luan ZH, Liu BW, Wang YH, Chang YX, Xue HQ, Ren JH. Autophagy in Triptolide-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hepatic Cells. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:436-444. [PMID: 31342801 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819864518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a major active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. However, its use in clinical practice is limited due to its severe hepatotoxicity. Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular process, is essential for maintaining cytoplasmic homeostasis. Considering that abnormalities in autophagy are closely associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity, we applied human normal liver HL7702 cells to elucidate the roles of autophagy in triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Our study revealed that triptolide was cytotoxic to HL7702 cells. It markedly increased autophagosome formation and expression of autophagy-related proteins, namely Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, and induced oxidative stress. These proautophagic effects were counteracted by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Moreover, the pharmacological suppression of autophagy further exacerbated triptolide-elicited decrease in cell viability, increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and activation of apoptosis proteases (caspase 3 and caspase 9). Our findings suggest that triptolide-induced oxidative stress consequently enhances autophagic activity, and autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity in HL7702 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Hua Luan
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Wang Liu
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hui Wang
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qing Xue
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hong Ren
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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12
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Apoptosis Effects of Dihydrokaempferol Isolated from Bauhinia championii on Synoviocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9806160. [PMID: 30622621 PMCID: PMC6304658 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9806160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. is a traditional medicinal plant used in China to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in She ethnic minority group. This study focused on the active constituents from the rattan of B. championii (Benth.) Benth., which possess potential apoptosis effects. A conventional phytochemical separation method for the isolation of compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of B. championii was developed. The procedure involved extraction, liquid–liquid partitioning with ethyl acetate, and subsequent compound purification, respectively. Additionally, cell viability of dihydrokaempferol found abundantly in it was evaluated in vitro by MTS, and the antiapoptosis effect was evaluated by annexin V/PI staining (Flow Cytometry Analysis) and western blot. The results showed that nine flavonoids, and five other compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of B. championii and were identified as β-sitosterol (1), 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone (2), 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (3), 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (4), 4'-hydroxy-5,7,3',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5), apigenin (6), liquiritigenin (7), 5, 7-dihydroxylcoumarin (8), 3',4',5,7, -pentamethoxyflavone (9), n-octadecanoate (10), lupine ketone (11), dibutylphthalate (12), dihydrokaempferol (13), and 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-6-methylflavanone (14). Among these compounds, 5-14 were isolated for the first time from B. championii. In addition, apoptosis effects of abundant dihydrokaempferol were evaluated in vitro. Dihydrokaempferol exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation of synoviocytes. Furthermore, dihydrokaempferol promoted Bax and Bad expression, as well as the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. Meanwhile, it inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. These findings indicate that dihydrokaempferol isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of B. championii effectively promotes apoptosis, which is an important process through suppression of apoptotic activity. The results are encouraging for further studies on the use of B. championii in the treatment of RA.
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13
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Mu G, Gao Y, Tuo Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Qian F, Jiang S. Assessing and comparing antioxidant activities of lactobacilli strains by using different chemical and cellular antioxidant methods. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10792-10806. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Amici A, Quiles JL, Battino M. The inhibitory effect of Manuka honey on human colon cancer HCT-116 and LoVo cell growth. Part 1: the suppression of cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis and arrest of the cell cycle. Food Funct 2018; 9:2145-2157. [PMID: 29645049 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous investigations have been made on plant phenolic compounds and cancer prevention in recent decades. Manuka honey (MH) represents a good source of phenolic compounds such as luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, gallic acid and syringic acid. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of MH on human colon cancer HCT-116 and LoVo cells. Both cells were exposed to different concentrations of MH (0-20 mg mL-1 for HCT-116 cells and 0-50 mg mL-1 for LoVo cells) for 48 h to measure apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory gene and protein expression. MH exhibited profound inhibitory effects on cellular growth by reducing the proliferation ability, inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, MH treatment in non-malignant cells did not exert any significant toxicity at similar concentrations. The apoptosis event was associated with the increasing expression of p53, cleaved-PARP and caspase-3 and with the activation of both intrinsic (caspase-9) and extrinsic (caspase-8) apoptotic pathways. MH induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase in HCT-116 cells, and simultaneously, in LoVo cells, it occurred in the G2/M phase through the modulation of cell cycle regulator genes (cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, p21, p27 and Rb). The expression of p-Akt was suppressed while the expression of p-p38MAPK, p-Erk1/2 and endoplasmic stress markers (ATF6 and XBP1) was increased for apoptosis induction. Overall, these findings indicate that MH could be a promising preventive or curative food therapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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15
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Zhai KF, Duan H, Chen Y, Khan GJ, Cao WG, Gao GZ, Shan LL, Wei ZJ. Apoptosis effects of imperatorin on synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis through mitochondrial/caspase-mediated pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:2070-2079. [PMID: 29577119 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease associated with a potential imbalance between the growth and death of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). Imperatorin (IPT) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in umbelliferous vegetables, citrus fruits, and some herbs. The effects of IPT on the proliferation and apoptosis of RA-FLSs and its potential underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. RA-FLSs obtained from RA patients were induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and treated with IPT. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33342 staining. The loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was visualized on the basis of JC-1 staining via fluorescence microscopy, and protein expression changes were assessed by western blot, whereas in vivo studies were conducted in male Wistar rats followed by histopathological assessment via TUNEL assay and HE staining of tissues. The results showed that IPT significantly reduced cell viability, accelerated cell apoptosis and decreased matrix metalloproteinases-1/-3 expression in IL-1β-induced RA-FLSs. Furthermore, IPT exposure was found to disrupt the ΔΨm compared to the IL-1β-induced treatment. Moreover, IPT increased the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In vivo studies showed that IPT not only significantly reduced the collagen induced arthritis by reducing synovial hyperplasia, and pannus formation but also enhanced the apoptotic index of ankle joint cells. Conclusively, our findings suggest that IPT inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in RA-FLSs that may be associated with mitochondrial/caspase-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, P.R. China.
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16
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Zhong XF, Zhang YB, Huang GD, Ouyang YZ, Liao DJ, Peng JW, Huang WZ. Proteomic analysis of stachyose contribution to the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC22162. Food Funct 2018; 9:2979-2988. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stachyose is a functional oligosaccharide, acting as a potential prebiotic for colonic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-feng Zhong
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Yu-bo Zhang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Gui-dong Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Yong-zhong Ouyang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
| | | | - Jia-wei Peng
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
| | - Wei-zhi Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528231
- China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center for Brewing Technology
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17
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Park JE, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Shilnikova K, Hyun YJ, Oh SK, Jeong YJ, Chae S, Hyun JW. A Benzylideneacetophenone Derivative Induces Apoptosis of Radiation-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:404-410. [PMID: 28554201 PMCID: PMC5499619 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylideneacetophenone derivative (1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hept-1-en-3-one (JC3) elicited cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells-radiation resistant cells (MDA-MB 231-RR), in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 6 μM JC3. JC3-mediated apoptosis was confirmed by increase in sub-G1 cell population. JC3 disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 protein, whereas it increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein, leading to the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, JC3 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, and specific inhibitors of these kinases abrogated the JC3-induced increase in apoptotic bodies. JC3 increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced oxidative macromolecular damage via lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA strand breakage. Considering these findings, JC3 is an effective therapy against radiation-resistant human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eon Park
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristina Shilnikova
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jae Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwan Oh
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Jeong
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhou Y, Xu DS, Liu L, Qiu FR, Chen JL, Xu GL. A LC–MS/MS method for the determination of stachyose in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 123:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Kong GM, Tao WH, Diao YL, Fang PH, Wang JJ, Bo P, Qian F. Melittin induces human gastric cancer cell apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3186-3195. [PMID: 27003995 PMCID: PMC4789993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the apoptotic effects of melittin on SGC-7901 cells via activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro.
METHODS: SGC-7901 cells were stimulated by melittin, and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, morphologic structure with transmission electron microscopy, annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining assay, measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, and analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytochrome C (Cyt C), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Endo G), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/direct IAP binding protein with low isoelectric point (Diablo), and FAS were analyzed by western blot. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured using activity assay kits.
RESULTS: Melittin was incubated at 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h and showed a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of SGC-7901 cell growth. Melittin induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by typical morphological changes. Treatment with 4 μg/mL melittin induced early apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, and the early apoptosis rates were 39.97% ± 3.19%, 59.27% ± 3.94%, and 71.50% ± 2.87% vs 32.63% ± 2.75% for 1, 2, and 4 h vs 0 h (n = 3, P < 0.05); the ROS levels were 616.53% ± 79.78%, 974.81% ± 102.40%, and 1330.94% ± 93.09% vs 603.74% ± 71.99% (n = 3, P < 0.05); the MMP values were 2.07 ± 0.05, 1.78 ± 0.29, and 1.16 ± 0.25 vs 2.55 ± 0.42 (n = 3, P < 0.05); caspase-3 activity was significantly higher compared to the control (5492.3 ± 321.1, 6562.0 ± 381.3, and 8695.7 ± 449.1 vs 2330.0 ± 121.9), but the caspase activity of the non-tumor cell line L-O2 was not different from that of the control. With the addition of the caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO), caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased compared to the control group (1067.0 ± 132.5 U/g vs 8695.7 ± 449.1 U/g). The expression of the Cyt C, Endo G, and AIF proteins in SGC-7901 cells was significantly higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), while the expression of the Smac/Diablo protein was significantly lower than the control group after melittin exposure (P < 0.01). Ac-DEVD-CHO did not, however, have any effect on the expression of caspase-8 and FAS in the SGC-7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: Melittin can induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer (GC) cells through the mitochondria pathways, and it may be a potent agent in the treatment of human GC.
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Fu Z, Yang J, Wei Y, Li J. Effects of piceatannol and pterostilbene against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis on the PI3K/Akt/Bad signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:1014-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Piceatannol and pterostilbene both showed protective effect against Aβ-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, however, with different PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jiufang Yang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yangji Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jingming Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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21
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Kim AD, Han X, Piao MJ, Hewage SRKM, Hyun CL, Cho SJ, Hyun JW. Esculetin induces death of human colon cancer cells via the reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:982-989. [PMID: 25818986 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the apoptotic effects of esculetin, a coumarin derivative, on the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Esculetin had cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; treatment with 55 μg/mL esculetin reduced cell viability by 50%. Esculetin induced apoptosis, as evidenced by apoptotic body formation, an increased percentage of cells in sub-G1 phase, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, esculetin increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization, released cytochrome c into cytosol, and modulated the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, resulting in reduced expression of B cell lymphoma-2, increased expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Esculetin induced the formation of reactive oxygen species; however, treatment with an antioxidant reduced the apoptotic cell death induced by esculetin treatment. In addition, esculetin activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and specific inhibitors of these kinases abrogated the reduction in cell viability induced by esculetin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Daseul Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang Lim Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ju Cho
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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