1
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Jiao C, Liubimtsev N, Zagradska-Paromova Z, Appelhans D, Gaitzsch J, Voit B. Reversible Molecular Capture and Release in Microfluidics by Host-Guest Interactions in Hydrogel Microdots. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200869. [PMID: 36702804 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microscopic hydrogels with high specific surface area and physically reactive groups into microfluidic systems for selective molecular interactions is attracting increasing attention. Herein, the reversible capture and release of molecules through host-guest interactions of hydrogel dots in a microfluidic device is reported, which translates the supramolecular chemistry to the microscale conditions under continuous flow. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel arrays with grafted β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (CD-PMOXA) chains are fabricated by photopolymerization and integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-on-glass chip. The β-CD/adamantane (β-CD/Ada) host-guest complex is confirmed by two dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy NMR (2D NOESY NMR) prior to transfer to microfluidics. Ada-modified molecules are successfully captured by host-guest interaction formed between the CD-PMOXA grafted chains in the hydrogel network and the guest molecule in the solution. Furthermore, the captured molecules are released by perfusing free β-CD with higher binding affinity than those grafted in the hydrogel array. A small guest molecule adamantane-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (Ada-FITC) and a macromolecular guest molecule (Ada-PMOXA-Cyanine 5 (Cy5)) are separately captured and released for three times with a release ratio up to 46% and 92%, respectively. The reproducible capture and release of functional molecules with different sizes demonstrates the stability of this hydrogel system in microfluidics and will provide an opportunity for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Liubimtsev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Nika A, Gkioka C, Machairioti F, Bilalis P, Xu J, Gajos K, Awsiuk K, Petrou P, Chatzichristidi M. Post-Polymerization Modification of Fluoropolymers via UV Irradiation in the Presence of a Photoacid Generator. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030493. [PMID: 36771794 PMCID: PMC9919986 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated polymers have unique wettability and protein adsorption properties. The site-specific alteration of these properties could expand their application to different research areas. In this work, a fluorinated homopolymer and two of its copolymers with 4-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE) are synthesized by free radical polymerization. The produced polymers are then used to develop resist formulations by the addition of a photoacid generator. Films of these formulations are exposed to ultraviolet radiation through a binary mask and heated to create the pattern. It is found that the water contact angle values of the exposed films areas are reduced compared to those of the unexposed ones, with the exception of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFMA) homopolymer film. This is attributed to the reaction of the epoxy groups creating x-links and producing hydroxyl groups and the cleavage of the pentafluorophenyl group from the ester group leading to carboxylic acid groups. Both modifications on the exposed areas are verified by FTIR spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS analysis. In addition, the biomolecules adsorption ability of the exposed area is increasing 10-15 times compared to the unexposed one for the PFMA homopolymer and the PFMA/VBGE 1:1 copolymer. Thus, the proposed polymers and patterning procedure could find application to spatially directed immobilization of biomolecules and/or cells onto a surface for both biosensing and tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Nika
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Gkioka
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Machairioti
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katarzyna Gajos
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (M.C.); Tel.: +30-210-7274335 (M.C.)
| | - Margarita Chatzichristidi
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (M.C.); Tel.: +30-210-7274335 (M.C.)
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3
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Lin G, Qiu H. Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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4
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Zimmermann R, Duval JF, Werner C, Sterling JD. Quantitative insights into electrostatics and structure of polymer brushes from microslit electrokinetic experiments and advanced modelling of interfacial electrohydrodynamics. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Ritsema van Eck G, Chiappisi L, de Beer S. Fundamentals and Applications of Polymer Brushes in Air. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:3062-3087. [PMID: 35601464 PMCID: PMC9112284 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, high-density, end-tethered polymers, forming so-called polymer brushes, have inspired scientists to understand their properties and to translate them to applications. While earlier research focused on polymer brushes in liquids, it was recently recognized that these brushes can find application in air as well. In this review, we report on recent progress in unraveling fundamental concepts of brushes in air, such as their vapor-swelling and solvent partitioning. Moreover, we provide an overview of the plethora of applications in air (e.g., in sensing, separations or smart adhesives) where brushes can be key components. To conclude, we provide an outlook by identifying open questions and issues that, when solved, will pave the way for the large scale application of brushes in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido
C. Ritsema van Eck
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules & Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Chiappisi
- Institut
Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules & Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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6
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Qi L, Qiao J. Advances in stimuli-responsive polymeric coatings for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Baumgartner LM, Erbe A, Boyle AL, Rabe M. Controlling amphipathic peptide adsorption by smart switchable germanium interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4809-4819. [PMID: 35147613 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The in situ control of reversible protein adsorption to a surface is a critical step towards biofouling prevention and finds utilisation in bioanalytical applications. In this work, adsorption of peptides is controlled by employing the electrode potential induced, reversible change of germanium (100) surface termination between a hydrophobic, hydrogen terminated and a hydrophilic, hydroxyl terminated surface. This simple but effective 'smart' interface is used to direct adsorption of two peptides models, representing the naturally highly abundant structural motifs of amphipathic helices and coiled-coils. Their structural similarity coincides with their opposite overall charge and hence allows the examination of the influence of charge and hydrophobicity on adsorption. Polarized attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy at controlled electrode potential has been used to follow the adsorption process at physiological pH in deuterated buffer. The delicate balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic peptide/surface interactions leads to two different processes upon switching that are both observed in situ: reversible adsorption and reversible reorientation. Negatively charged peptide adsorption can be fully controlled by switching to the hydrophobic interface, while the same switch causes the positively charged, helical peptide to tilt down. This principle can be used for 'smart' adsorption control of a wider variety of proteins and peptides and hence find application, as e.g. a bioanalytical tool or functional biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Marleen Baumgartner
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Rabe
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Jiao C, Obst F, Geisler M, Che Y, Richter A, Appelhans D, Gaitzsch J, Voit B. Reversible Protein Capture and Release by Redox-Responsive Hydrogel in Microfluidics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:267. [PMID: 35054674 PMCID: PMC8780672 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have a wide range of potential applications in microfluidics, which has drawn great attention. Double cross-linked hydrogels are very well suited for this application as they offer both stability and the required responsive behavior. Here, we report the integration of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) hydrogel with a permanent cross-linker (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and a redox responsive reversible cross-linker (N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, BAC) into a microfluidic device through photopolymerization. Cleavage and re-formation of disulfide bonds introduced by BAC changed the cross-linking densities of the hydrogel dots, making them swell or shrink. Rheological measurements allowed for selecting hydrogels that withstand long-term shear forces present in microfluidic devices under continuous flow. Once implemented, the thiol-disulfide exchange allowed the hydrogel dots to successfully capture and release the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA was labeled with rhodamine B and functionalized with 2-(2-pyridyldithio)-ethylamine (PDA) to introduce disulfide bonds. The reversible capture and release of the protein reached an efficiency of 83.6% in release rate and could be repeated over 3 cycles within the microfluidic device. These results demonstrate that our redox-responsive hydrogel dots enable the dynamic capture and release of various different functionalized (macro)molecules (e.g., proteins and drugs) and have a great potential to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device for detection and/or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Martin Geisler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Yunjiao Che
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Andreas Richter
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Ma S, Alsaid Y, Pei X, Cai M, He X, Zhou F. Esophagus-Inspired Actuator for Solid Transportation via the Synergy of Lubrication and Contractile Deformation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102800. [PMID: 34708584 PMCID: PMC8693057 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Directional transportation of objects has important applications from energy transfer and intelligent robots to biomedical devices. Although breakthroughs in liquid migration on 2D surfaces or 3D tubular devices have been achieved, realizing smooth/on-demand transportation of constrained solids within a 3D cavity environment under harsh pressurized environment still remains a daunting challenge, where strong interface friction force becomes the main obstacle restricting the movement of solids. Inspired by typical feeding mechanism in natural esophagus system which synergistically couples a lubricating mucosa surface with the peristaltic contraction deformation of the cavity, herein, this challenge is addressed by constructing an esophagus-inspired layered tubular actuator with a slippery inner surface and responsive hydrogel matrix to realize spherical solid propulsion by photo(thermo)-induced cavity deformation. The as-constructed tubular actuator containing Fe3 O4 nanoparticles exhibits local volumetric shrinkage upon NIR-irradiation, which can generate large hydrodynamic pressure and considerable mechanical extrusion force (Fdriving force ≈ 0.18 N) to overcome low interface friction force (ffriction force ≈ 0.03 N), enabling on-demand transportation of constrained (pressure: 0.103 MPa) spherical solids over a long distance in an arbitrary direction. This actuator is anticipated to be used as bionic medicine transportation devices or artificial in vitro esophagus simulation systems, for example, to help formula eating-related physiotherapy plans for patients and astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Yousif Alsaid
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Meirong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
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10
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Ou C, Wang C, Giasson S. Enhanced swelling using photothermal responsive
surface‐immobilized
microgels. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Ou
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Chang‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Suzanne Giasson
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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11
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Guerron A, Giasson S. Multiresponsive Microgels: Toward an Independent Tuning of Swelling and Surface Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11212-11221. [PMID: 34523940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dual-responsive poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels surface-functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or poly-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) were developed to enable the swelling behavior and surface properties of the microgels to be tuned independently. The thermo-triggered swelling and pH-triggered surface properties of the microgels were investigated in aqueous suspensions using dynamic light scattering and on substrates using the surface forces apparatus. Grafting polymer chains on the microgel surface did not impede the thermo-triggered swelling behavior of the microgels in suspensions and immobilized on substrates. An unprecedented decoupling of the swelling behavior and surface properties could be obtained. More particularly, the thermo-triggered swelling behavior of the PNIPAM underlying microstructure could be tuned below and above the phase transition temperature with no change in the surface potential and adhesion provided by the surface non-responsive PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guerron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Suzanne Giasson
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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12
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Yu Y, Brió Pérez M, Cao C, de Beer S. Switching (bio-) adhesion and friction in liquid by stimulus responsive polymer coatings. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Temperature-responsive and multi-responsive grafted polymer brushes with transitions based on critical solution temperature: synthesis, properties, and applications. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Zhao H, Sha J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Chen T, Wu T, Chen X, Ji H, Gao Y, Xie L, Ma Y. Spatiotemporal control of polymer brush formation through photoinduced radical polymerization regulated by DMD light modulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2651-2662. [PMID: 31250865 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatially arranged polymer brushes provide the essential capability of precisely regulating the surface physicochemical and functional properties of various substrates. A novel and flexible polymer brush patterning methodology, which is based on employing a digital mirror device (DMD)-based light modulation technique to spatiotemporally regulate a surface-initiated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) process, is presented. Various characterization techniques confirm that the spatially and/or temporally controlled brush formation results in complex PEG-derived brush patterns in accordance with a customized digital image design. A series of step-and-exposure strategies, including in situ multiple exposure, dynamic multiple exposure and dynamic sequential exposure, are developed to implement spatiotemporal regulation of the photo-ATRP process, leading to complex patterned and gradient brushes featuring binary functionalities, pyramid nanostructures and radial directional chemical gradients. Moreover, tunable and radial directional concentration gradients of various biomacromolecules (e.g., streptavidin) are obtained through preparation of height gradients of azido-functionalized brushes and subsequent orthogonal chemical activation aimed at specific protein immobilization. Finally, a unidirectional concentration gradient of fibronectin, surrounded by non-fouling PEG brushes, is fabricated and applied for human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) adhesion experiments, whose preliminary results indicate gradient-dependent cell adhesion behavior in response to the concentration gradient of fibronectin. The presented fabrication technique could be integrated with microfluidic devices for sensors and bio-reactors, paving the way for novel approaches for lab-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Sha
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huajian Ji
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linsheng Xie
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yulu Ma
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Pu X, Zhang B, Su Y. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Microreactors for Efficient Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: Mechanisms and Energy Efficiency. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District 200240 Shanghai China
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16
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17
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Cohen E, Soffer Y, Weissman H, Bendikov T, Schilt Y, Raviv U, Rybtchinski B. Hydrophobicity Control in Adaptive Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Cohen
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yahel Soffer
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yaelle Schilt
- Institute of Chemistry; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Uri Raviv
- Institute of Chemistry; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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18
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Heterogeneous catalysis in microreactors with nanofluids for fine chemicals syntheses: Benzylation of toluene with benzyl chloride over silica-immobilized FeCl3 catalyst. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Cohen E, Soffer Y, Weissman H, Bendikov T, Schilt Y, Raviv U, Rybtchinski B. Hydrophobicity Control in Adaptive Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8871-8874. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Cohen
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yahel Soffer
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yaelle Schilt
- Institute of Chemistry; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Uri Raviv
- Institute of Chemistry; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 234 Herzl Street Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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20
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González E, Frey MW. Synthesis, characterization and electrospinning of poly(vinyl caprolactam-co-hydroxymethyl acrylamide) to create stimuli-responsive nanofibers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Dos Ramos L, Lajoinie G, Kieviet BD, de Beer S, Versluis M, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Redox control of capillary filling speed in poly(ferrocenylsilane)-modified microfluidic channels for switchable delay valves. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Verma R, Adhikary RR, Banerjee R. Smart material platforms for miniaturized devices: implications in disease models and diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1978-1992. [PMID: 27108534 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00173d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials are responsive to multiple stimuli like light, temperature, pH and redox reactions with specific changes in state. Various functionalities in miniaturised devices can be achieved through the application of "smart materials" that respond to changes in their surroundings. The change in state of the materials in the presence of a stimulus may be used for on demand alteration of flow patterns in devices, acting as microvalves, as scaffolds for cellular aggregation or as modalities for signal amplification. In this review, we discuss the concepts of smart trigger responsive materials and their applications in miniaturized devices both for organ-on-a-chip disease models and for point-of-care diagnostics. The emphasis is on leveraging the smartness of these materials for example, to allow on demand sample actuation, ion dependent spheroid models for cancer or light dependent contractility of muscle films for organ-on-a-chip applications. The review throws light on the current status, scope for technological enhancements, challenges for translation and future prospects of increased incorporation of smart materials as integral parts of miniaturized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rishi Rajat Adhikary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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24
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de Beer S, Mensink LIS, Kieviet BD. Geometry-Dependent Insertion Forces on Particles in Swollen Polymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Liz I. S. Mensink
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard D. Kieviet
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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25
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Yu Y, Kieviet BD, Liu F, Siretanu I, Kutnyánszky E, Vancso GJ, de Beer S. Stretching of collapsed polymers causes an enhanced dissipative response of PNIPAM brushes near their LCST. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8508-16. [PMID: 26371862 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a stimulus-responsive polymer that can switch in water from an expanded state below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C to a globular state above the LCST. It was recently shown that, as a consequence of this conformational transition, the interfacial and (tribo-)mechanical properties of polymeric systems composed of PNIPAM can be switched between two states. Here we show that the tribo-mechanical properties of a particular type of PNIPAM system, which is the PNIPAM brush, do not just change between two states, but instead evolve continuously and non-monotonically upon increasing/decreasing temperature. To do so, we present atomic force microscopy experiments in which we measure the adhesion hysteresis and the friction upon bringing a gold colloid in relative motion with PNIPAM brushes at temperatures around the LCST. Both the friction and the adhesion hysteresis display a pronounced maximum exactly at the LCST. The force vs. distance data captured at these temperatures show a long-ranged adhesive interaction upon moving the colloid away from the original point of contact, which indicates that during this retraction the partly collapsed polymers in the brush become strongly stretched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yu
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Bernard D Kieviet
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Fei Liu
- Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Siretanu
- Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Edit Kutnyánszky
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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26
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Lay CL, Lee MR, Lee HK, Phang IY, Ling XY. Transformative Two-Dimensional Array Configurations by Geometrical Shape-Shifting Protein Microstructures. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9708-9717. [PMID: 26372201 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) geometrical shape-shifting is prevalent in nature, but remains challenging in man-made "smart" materials, which are typically limited to single-direction responses. Here, we fabricate geometrical shape-shifting bovine serum albumin (BSA) microstructures to achieve circle-to-polygon and polygon-to-circle geometrical transformations. In addition, transformative two-dimensional microstructure arrays are demonstrated by the ensemble of these responsive microstructures to confer structure-to-function properties. The design strategy of our geometrical shape-shifting microstructures focuses on embedding precisely positioned rigid skeletal frames within responsive BSA matrices to direct their anisotropic swelling under pH stimulus. This is achieved using layer-by-layer two photon lithography, which is a direct laser writing technique capable of rendering spatial resolution in the sub-micrometer length scale. By controlling the shape, orientation and number of the embedded skeletal frames, we have demonstrated well-defined arc-to-corner and corner-to-arc transformations, which are essential for dynamic circle-to-polygon and polygon-to-circle shape-shifting, respectively. We further fabricate our shape-shifting microstructures in periodic arrays to experimentally demonstrate the first transformative 2D patterned arrays. Such versatile array configuration transformations give rise to structure-to-physical properties, including array porosity and pore shape, which are crucial for the development of on-demand multifunctional "smart" materials, especially in the field of photonics and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Leng Lay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Mian Rong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - In Yee Phang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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27
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Zaher A, Li S, Wolf KT, Pirmoradi FN, Yassine O, Lin L, Khashab NM, Kosel J. Osmotically driven drug delivery through remote-controlled magnetic nanocomposite membranes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054113. [PMID: 26487899 PMCID: PMC4592434 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems can provide long-term reliability, controllability, and biocompatibility, and have been used in many applications, including cancer pain and non-malignant pain treatment. However, many of the available systems are limited to zero-order, inconsistent, or single burst event drug release. To address these limitations, we demonstrate prototypes of a remotely operated drug delivery device that offers controllability of drug release profiles, using osmotic pumping as a pressure source and magnetically triggered membranes as switchable on-demand valves. The membranes are made of either ethyl cellulose, or the proposed stronger cellulose acetate polymer, mixed with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. The prototype devices' drug diffusion rates are on the order of 0.5-2 μg/h for higher release rate designs, and 12-40 ng/h for lower release rates, with maximum release ratios of 4.2 and 3.2, respectively. The devices exhibit increased drug delivery rates with higher osmotic pumping rates or with magnetically increased membrane porosity. Furthermore, by vapor deposition of a cyanoacrylate layer, a drastic reduction of the drug delivery rate from micrograms down to tens of nanograms per hour is achieved. By utilizing magnetic membranes as the valve-control mechanism, triggered remotely by means of induction heating, the demonstrated drug delivery devices benefit from having the power source external to the system, eliminating the need for a battery. These designs multiply the potential approaches towards increasing the on-demand controllability and customizability of drug delivery profiles in the expanding field of implantable drug delivery systems, with the future possibility of remotely controlling the pressure source.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaher
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - S Li
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - K T Wolf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , California 94720, USA
| | - F N Pirmoradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , California 94720, USA
| | - O Yassine
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , California 94720, USA
| | - N M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Kosel
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Dos Ramos L, de Beer S, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Redox-Induced Backbiting of Surface-Tethered Alkylsulfonate Amphiphiles: Reversible Switching of Surface Wettability and Adherence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6343-6350. [PMID: 25989156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of electrode-supported poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) films bearing iodopropyl (PFS-I) and undecanesulfonate (PFS-SO3(-)) surface moieties are presented. The redox responsiveness of these PFS films allows for controlled and repeatable switching of the surface energy of the PFS-I and PFS-SO3(-) layers under electrochemical control. Static water/surface contact angle measurements showed a change in contact angle values for PFS-I from 80° (reduced state) to 70° (oxidized state) over repeated cycles. However, an opposite change in wettability was observed for PFS-SO3(-), where the values observed varied from 59° (reduced state) to 77° (oxidized state). Nanoscale adherence was assessed with colloid probe AFM. The adhesive forces between these surfaces and a polystyrene (PS) colloid probe in water alternated between 130 nN (reduced state) and 30 nN (oxidized state) for PFS-I layers and between 75 nN (reduced) and 180 nN (oxidized) for the PFS-SO3(-) films. The reversed response of PFS-I films to oxidation compared to that of PFS-SO3(-), in both contact angles and adhesive forces, suggests a different underlying mechanism for switching. As PFS-I is tuned from the reduced to the oxidized state, positively charged ferrocenium (Fc(+)) centers that formed in the film increase its wettability and reduce its adherence to the hydrophobic colloid probe. For PFS-SO3(-) in the reduced state, the exposed alkanesulfonate moieties increase the hydrophilicity of the surface. When oxidized, the Fc(+) units attract the negatively charged sulfonate groups, which results in a bending of the sulfonate groups toward the PFS surface, exposing the undecyl spacer. This alteration of the surface chemistry reduces the surface energy and increases the adherence between the bent alkyl chains and the hydrophobic PS colloid in water. The attraction of the charged sulfonate group to Fc(+) is in competition with the counterions present in the electrolyte solution. Therefore, the backbiting of the chain can be achieved only in electrolytes where the affinity of Fc(+) for the ions is lower than for the sulfonate group, in agreement with the Hofmeister series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Dos Ramos
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hempenius
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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29
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Jadhav AD, Yan B, Luo RC, Wei L, Zhen X, Chen CH, Shi P. Photoresponsive microvalve for remote actuation and flow control in microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:034114. [PMID: 26180571 PMCID: PMC4491018 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microvalves with different actuation methods offer great integrability and flexibility in operation of lab-on-chip devices. In this work, we demonstrate a hydrogel-based and optically controlled modular microvalve that can be easily integrated within a microfluidic device and actuated by an off-chip laser source. The microvalve is based on in-channel trapping of microgel particles, which are composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polypyrrole nanoparticles. Upon irradiation by a near-infrared (NIR) laser, the microgel undergoes volumetric change and enables precisely localized fluid on/off switching. The response rate and the "open" duration of the microvalve can be simply controlled by adjusting the laser power and exposure time. We showed that the trapped microgel can be triggered to shrink sufficiently to open a channel within as low as ∼1-2 s; while the microgel swells to re-seal the channel within ∼6-8 s. This is so far one of the fastest optically controlled and hydrogel-based microvalves, thus permitting speedy fluidic switching applications. In this study, we successfully employed this technique to control fluidic interface between laminar flow streams within a Y-junction device. The optically triggered microvalve permits flexible and remote fluidic handling, and enables pulsatile in situ chemical treatment to cell culture in an automatic and programmed manner, which is exemplified by studies of chemotherapeutic drug induced cell apoptosis under different drug treatment strategies. We find that cisplatin induced apoptosis is significantly higher in cancer cells treated with a pulsed dose, as compared to continuous flow with a sustained dose. It is expected that our NIR-controlled valving strategy will provide a simple, versatile, and powerful alternative for liquid handling in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Jadhav
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rong-Cong Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xu Zhen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575
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30
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Munirathinam R, Huskens J, Verboom W. Supported Catalysis in Continuous-Flow Microreactors. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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